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Support
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Field Stress
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,Q WKH )LHOG 6WUHVV GLDORJ HQWHU D FRQVWDQW ILHOG VWUHVV RI 6LJPD 03D DQG 6LJPD 6LJPD = /HDYH WKH $QJOH GHJUHHV 6HOHFW 2. 1RWLFH WKDW WKH VWUHVV EORFN QRZ LQGLFDWHV WKH UHODWLYH PDJQLWXGH DQG GLUHFWLRQ RI WKH LQSODQH SULQFLSDO VWUHVVHV \RX HQWHUHG 7KH DQJOH LQ WKLV FDVH LV ]HUR VR 6LJPD LV KRUL]RQWDO
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Properties
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Defining Properties
6HOHFW 3URSHUWLHV 'HILQH 0DWHULDOV
6HOHFW WKH VHFRQG WDE DW WKH WRS RI WKH 'HILQH 0DWHULDO 3URSHUWLHV GLDORJ DQG HQWHU WKH URFNPDVV SURSHUWLHV
Youngs Modulus = 64000 Poissons Ratio = 0.25 Failure Crit. = Hoek-Brown Material Type = Plastic Comp. Strength = 110 m (peak) = 10 s (peak) = 0.05 Dilation = 2.5 m (residual) = 10 s (residual) = 0.02
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30
Youngs Modulus = 35000 Poissons Ratio = 0.25 Failure Crit. = Hoek-Brown Material Type = Plastic Comp. Strength = 54 m (peak) = 2 s (peak) = 0.02 m (residual) = 2 s (residual) = 0.01
Dilation = 0
Enter: Name = backfill Init.El.Ld.=Body Force Only Unit Weight = 0.023 Youngs Modulus = 2000 Poissons Ratio = 0.025 Failure Crit. = Hoek-Brown Material Type = Plastic Comp. Strength = 7.5 m (peak) = 6 s (peak) = 1 Dilation = 1.5 m (residual) = 6 s (residual) = 1
Material Type = Isotropic
31
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Assigning Properties
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Stage 2 excavation of mid-section of stope.
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Compute
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Interpret
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Viewing Stages
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Sigma 1
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Strength Factor
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40
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Displacement
1RZ ORRN DW WKH WRWDO GLVSODFHPHQWV
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Stage 4
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Bolts
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Contour Ranges
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
48
7KH HIIHFW RI ORFNLQJ WKH FRQWRXU UDQJH LV DV IROORZV 7KH UDQJH ZLOO VWD\ ORFNHG UHJDUGOHVV RI WKH VWDJH EHLQJ YLHZHG IRU D JLYHQ GDWD W\SH 7KH UDQJH ZLOO RQO\ VWD\ ORFNHG ZLWKLQ FRPPRQ GDWD W\SHV HJ 6LJPD 6LJPD 6LJPD = RU ; < 7RWDO 'LVSODFHPHQW ,I \RX VZLWFK WR D FRPSOHWHO\ GLIIHUHQW GDWD W\SH HJ 6LJPD WR 6WUHQJWK )DFWRU WKH UDQJH ZLOO QR ORQJHU EH ORFNHG
Differential Results
,Q WKH ,QWHUSUHW SRUWLRQ RI WKLV WXWRULDO ZH DOZD\V XVHG D 5HIHUHQFH 6WDJH 'LIIHUHQWLDO UHVXOWV EHWZHHQ DQ\ WZR VWDJHV FDQ EH YLHZHG E\ VHWWLQJ WKH 5HIHUHQFH 6WDJH ! LQ WKH 6WDJH 6HWWLQJV GLDORJ )RU H[DPSOH
49
6HW WKH 5HIHUHQFH 6WDJH WR DQG VHOHFW 2. 1RWLFH WKDW WKH 6WDJH 7DEV QRZ DOORZ \RX WR YLHZ UHVXOWV UHODWLYH WR WKH UHIHUHQFH VWDJH \RX MXVW HQWHUHG :H ZLOO QRW H[SORUH GLIIHUHQWLDO UHVXOWV IXUWKHU LQ WKLV WXWRULDO EXW WKH XVHU LV HQFRXUDJHG WR H[SORUH WKLV RQ WKHLU RZQ 6HH WKH +HOS V\VWHP LQ WKH 3+$6( ,17(535(7 SURJUDP IRU LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW KRZ WR LQWHUSUHW GLIIHUHQWLDO UHVXOWV
Log File
%HIRUH ZH FRQFOXGH WKLV WXWRULDO OHWV H[DPLQH WKH /RJ )LOH ZKLFK LV FUHDWHG DIWHU D 3+$6( DQDO\VLV
50
51
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,Q WKLV ILUVW VWHS RI WKH 6XSSRUW WXWRULDO WKH DERYH PRGHO ZLOO EH FUHDWHG DQG DQDO\]HG ZLWKRXW VXSSRUW %RWK DQ HODVWLF DQG D SODVWLF DQDO\VLV ZLOO EH FDUULHG RXW 6XSSRUW EROWV DQG VKRWFUHWH ZLOO EH DGGHG LQ 6WHS RI WKH 6XSSRUW 7XWRULDO ,I \RX ZLVK WR VNLS WKH PRGHO SURFHVV WKH ILQLVKHG SURGXFW RI 6WHS RI WKH 6XSSRUW 7XWRULDO ZLWK SODVWLF PDWHULDO SDUDPHWHUV FDQ EH IRXQG LQ WKH WXWDIHD GDWD ILOH ORFDWHG LQ WKH H[DPSOHV IROGHU LQ \RXU 3+$6( LQVWDOODWLRQ IROGHU
52
Model
7KLV PRGHO UHSUHVHQWV D KRUVHVKRH VKDSHG WXQQHO RI DERXW PHWUH VSDQ WR EH H[FDYDWHG LQ KHDYLO\ MRLQWHG URFN 7KH URFN LV GHVFULEHG DV EORFN\VHDP\ RI SRRU TXDOLW\ DQG ZLOO UHTXLUH VXSSRUW WR SUHYHQW FROODSVH ,I \RX KDYH QRW DOUHDG\ GRQH VR UXQ WKH 3+$6( 02'(/ SURJUDP E\ GRXEOHFOLFNLQJ RQ WKH 3+$6( LFRQ LQ \RXU LQVWDOODWLRQ IROGHU 2U IURP WKH 6WDUW PHQX VHOHFW 3URJUDPV5RFVFLHQFH3KDVH3KDVH
Entering Boundaries
)RU WKLV H[DPSOH WKH FRRUGLQDWHV GHILQLQJ WKH WXQQHO FURVVVHFWLRQ KDYH DOUHDG\ EHHQ VDYHG LQ ';) IRUPDW EHFDXVH RI WKH ODUJH QXPEHU RI YHUWLFHV ZKLFK ZHUH XVHG WR DFFXUDWHO\ GHILQH WKH FURVVVHFWLRQ 7KHUHIRUH \RX ZLOO QRW HQWHU FRRUGLQDWHV PDQXDOO\ DV LQ SUHYLRXV WXWRULDOV EXW VLPSO\ UHDG LQ WKH ';) ILOH FRQWDLQLQJ WKH H[FDYDWLRQ JHRPHWU\
53
<RX ZLOO WKHQ VHH D :LQGRZV 2SHQ ILOH GLDORJ 2SHQ WKH WXQQHOG[I ILOH ZKLFK \RX VKRXOG ILQG LQ WKH H[DPSOHV IROGHU LQ \RXU 3+$6( LQVWDOODWLRQ IROGHU <RX VKRXOG VHH WKH H[FDYDWLRQ GLVSOD\HG RQ WKH VFUHHQ 1RZ DGG WKH H[WHUQDO ERXQGDU\
Enter:
Boundary Type = Box Expansion Factor = 3
:H ZLOO XVH WKH GHIDXOW SDUDPHWHUV VR MXVW VHOHFW 2. WR DXWRPDWLFDOO\ FUHDWH D %2; H[WHUQDO ERXQGDU\ ZLWK DQ H[SDQVLRQ IDFWRU RI 7KLV FRPSOHWHV WKH HQWU\ RI ERXQGDULHV IRU WKLV H[DPSOH VR ZH ZLOO SURFHHG WR WKH PHVKLQJ
Meshing
:H ZLOO QRZ SURFHHG WR JHQHUDWH WKH ILQLWH HOHPHQW PHVK ,Q 3+$6( PHVKLQJ LV D VLPSOH WZRVWHS SURFHVV )LUVW \RX PXVW ',6&5(7,=( WKH ERXQGDULHV DQG WKHQ WKH 0(6+ FDQ EH JHQHUDWHG <RX FDQ DOVR FRQILJXUH YDULRXV 0HVK 6HWXS SDUDPHWHUV EHIRUH JHQHUDWLQJ WKH PHVK +RZHYHU IRU WKLV H[DPSOH WKH GHIDXOW 0HVK 6HWXS SDUDPHWHUV ZLOO EH XVHG DQG ZH ZLOO SURFHHG GLUHFWO\ WR WKH GLVFUHWL]DWLRQ
54
7KH ERXQGDULHV ZLOO EH GLVFUHWL]HG DQG WKH VWDWXV EDU ZLOO GLVSOD\ D VXPPDU\ RI WKH QXPEHU RI GLVFUHWL]DWLRQV IRU HDFK ERXQGDU\ W\SH
Discretizations: Excavation=83, External=66
1RZ JHQHUDWH WKH ILQLWH HOHPHQW PHVK E\ VHOHFWLQJ WKH 0HVK RSWLRQ ZLWKLQ WKH 0HVK PHQX
Boundary Conditions
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Field Stress
)RU WKLV WXWRULDO ZH ZLOO XVH D FRQVWDQW ILHOG VWUHVV
55
Sigma Z = 10
,Q WKH )LHOG 6WUHVV GLDORJ HQWHU 6LJPD 03D 6LJPD 6LJPD = DQG HQWHU DQ $QJOH RI GHJUHHV QRWH WKH PLQXV VLJQ 1RWLFH WKDW WKH VWUHVV EORFN QRZ LQGLFDWHV WKH UHODWLYH PDJQLWXGH DQG GLUHFWLRQ RI WKH LQSODQH SULQFLSDO VWUHVVHV \RX HQWHUHG 1RWH WKDW WKH DQJOH \RX HQWHUHG LV WKH FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH DQJOH RI 6LJPD IURP WKH KRUL]RQWDO D[LV $ QHJDWLYH FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH DQJOH LV HTXLYDOHQW WR D SRVLWLYH FORFNZLVH DQJOH GHJUHHV LQ WKLV FDVH DV FDQ EH VHHQ IURP WKH VWUHVV EORFN
56
Properties
)RU WKH LQLWLDO DQDO\VLV ZH ZLOO EH GHILQLQJ WKH URFN PDVV DV HODVWLF
Youngs Modulus = 1120 Poissons Ratio = 0.3 Failure Crit. = Hoek-Brown Comp. Strength = 50 m (peak) = 0.43 s (peak) = 0.00006
Material Type = Elastic
:LWK WKH ILUVW GHIDXOW WDE VHOHFWHG LQ WKH 'HILQH 0DWHULDO 3URSHUWLHV GLDORJ HQWHU WKH DERYH SURSHUWLHV 6LQFH ZH GHILQHG WKH SURSHUWLHV ZLWK WKH ILUVW GHIDXOW PDWHULDO WDE VHOHFWHG ZH GR QRW KDYH WR DVVLJQ WKHP WR WKH PRGHO 3+$6( DXWRPDWLFDOO\ DVVLJQV WKH GHIDXOW SURSHUWLHV WR DOO ILQLWH HOHPHQWV RI WKH URFNPDVV 3URSHUW\ DVVLJQPHQW LV FRYHUHG LQ GHWDLO LQ WKH 0DWHULDOV DQG 6WDJLQJ WXWRULDO
57
6LQFH ZH GR QRW KDYH WR GR DQ\ SURSHUW\ DVVLJQPHQW ZH DUH ILQLVKHG ZLWK WKH PRGHOLQJ DQG FDQ UXQ WKH DQDO\VLV <RXU PRGHO VKRXOG DSSHDU DV EHORZ
Compute
%HIRUH \RX DQDO\]H \RXU PRGHO VDYH LW DV D ILOH FDOOHG VXSSRUWIHD
58
Interpret
6WDUW WKH 3+$6( ,17(535(7 SURJUDP
59
,I \RX DGGHG FRQWRXU ODEHOV GHOHWH WKHP QRZ XVLQJ 7RROV 'HOHWH $OO 'UDZLQJV 1RZ OHWV YLHZ WKH GLVSODFHPHQWV
)LJXUH 'LVSODFHPHQW FRQWRXUV DQG YHFWRUV DURXQG H[FDYDWLRQ HODVWLF DQDO\VLV
60
7KH HODVWLF GLVSODFHPHQWV VKRZ DQ LQZDUG GLVSODFHPHQW RI WKH WXQQHO ZDOOV DV ZHOO DV D VLJQLILFDQW IORRU KHDYH 1RZ WKDW ZH KDYH GHWHUPLQHG IURP WKH HODVWLF DQDO\VLV WKDW WKH UHJLRQ RI RYHUVWUHVV LV VLJQLILFDQW ZH ZLOO PRYH RQ WR WKH SODVWLF DQDO\VLV RI WKLV SUREOHP
61
Model
)URP ,17(535(7 VZLWFK EDFN WR WKH 3+$6( 02'(/ SURJUDP
Enter:
Name = phyllite Init.El.Ld.=Fld Stress Only Material Type = Isotropic Youngs Modulus = 1120 Poissons Ratio = 0.3 Failure Crit. = Hoek-Brown
7RJJOH WKH 0DWHULDO 7\SH WR 3ODVWLF DQG HQWHU UHVLGXDO P DQG V SDUDPHWHUV HTXDO WR WKH SHDN P DQG V SDUDPHWHUV 7KLV GHILQHV WKH PDWHULDO DV LGHDOO\ HODVWLFSODVWLF LH QR VWUHQJWK GURS RQFH \LHOG LV UHDFKHG 6HOHFW 2. 1RZ VDYH WKH ILOH DQG UHUXQ WKH DQDO\VLV
62
Compute
%HIRUH \RX DQDO\]H \RXU PRGHO OHWV VDYH WKLV DV D QHZ ILOH FDOOHG VXSSRUWIHD 0DNH VXUH \RX VHOHFW 6DYH $V DQG QRW 6DYH RU \RX ZLOO RYHUZULWH WKH VXSSRUWIHD ILOH
Interpret
)URP 02'(/ VZLWFK EDFN WR ,17(535(7
63
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)LJXUH 6WUHQJWK IDFWRU FRQWRXUV DQG \LHOGHG HOHPHQWV DIWHU SODVWLF DQDO\VLV RI XQVXSSRUWHG H[FDYDWLRQ
7RJJOH WKH GLVSOD\ RI \LHOGHG HOHPHQWV RII E\ UHVHOHFWLQJ WKH <LHOGHG (OHPHQWV EXWWRQ LQ WKH 'LVSOD\ WRROEDU /HWV ORRN DW WKH SODVWLF GLVSODFHPHQWV
64
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66
67
-35
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68
Model
,I \RX KDYH EHHQ IROORZLQJ WKLV WXWRULDO IURP 6WHS WKHQ MXVW FRQWLQXH RQ ,I \RX TXLW WKH SURJUDP DIWHU GRLQJ 6WHS DQG ZLVK WR FRQWLQXH QRZ VWDUW WKH 3+$6( 02'(/ SURJUDP DQG RSHQ WKH VXSSRUWIHD ILOH \RX FUHDWHG LQ 6WHS
/HWV QRZ DGG VRPH EROWV WR WKLV PRGHO :H ZLOO EH LQVWDOOLQJ D UDGLDO DUUD\ RI PHWHU ORQJ SDWWHUQ EROWV RQ D [ PHWHU JULG %HIRUH DGGLQJ RXU EROW SDWWHUQ OHWV ]RRP LQ RQ WKH H[FDYDWLRQ VR WKDW ZH FDQ DFFXUDWHO\ VHOHFW WKH VWDUWLQJ DQG HQGLQJ SRLQWV RI WKH EROW SDWWHUQ
6HOHFW 9LHZ =RRP =RRP ([FDYDWLRQ 6HOHFW 6XSSRUW $GG 3DWWHUQ %ROW
69
6LQFH \RX DUH HQWHULQJ D 5DGLDO EROW SDWWHUQ \RX ZLOO WKHQ EH SURPSWHG
Select drilling point [esc=quit]: 100 100
7KLV LV WKH SRLQW IURP ZKLFK WKH UDGLDO SDWWHUQ ZLOO EH JHQHUDWHG 8VH WKH NH\ERDUG WR HQWHU WKH H[DFW SRLQW DV LQGLFDWHG LQ WKH SURPSW DERYH <RX FDQ XVH WKH PRXVH WR JUDSKLFDOO\ HQWHU WKH SRLQW EXW LW LV EHVW WR XVH WKH NH\ERDUG ZKHQ DQ H[DFW SRLQW LV GHVLUHG
To generate bolt patterns around part of an excavation, the second vertex must be selected counter-clockwise relative to the first vertex.
1H[W \RX ZLOO EH SURPSWHG WR HQWHU VWDUWLQJ DQG HQGLQJ QRGHV IRU WKH SDWWHUQ %HFDXVH RI WKH SRRU TXDOLW\ RI WKH URFN DQG H[WHQVLYH \LHOGLQJ DOO DURXQG WKH WXQQHO ZH ZLOO EROW WKH HQWLUH FLUFXPIHUHQFH RI WKH WXQQHO LQFOXGLQJ WKH IORRU 7R EROW DOO WKH ZD\ DURXQG D WXQQHO VHOHFW WKH VDPH YHUWH[ RQ WKH H[FDYDWLRQ ERXQGDU\ DV ERWK WKH VWDUWLQJ DQG HQGLQJ QRGH )RU H[DPSOH VHOHFW WKH XSSHUPRVW YHUWH[ DW WKH PLGSRLQW RI WKH URRI
Select boundary node to start bolt pattern [esc=quit]: use the cursor to select the vertex located at about 100.0 , 102.3 Select boundary node to end bolt pattern [esc=quit]: click the mouse again on the same vertex
7KH EROW SDWWHUQ ZLOO EH JHQHUDWHG DIWHU WKH VHFRQG SRLQW LV HQWHUHG DQG WKH VWDWXV EDU ZLOO WHOO \RX KRZ PDQ\ EROWV ZHUH LQVWDOOHG
Number of bolts installed = 16
1RZ XVH =RRP $OO WR EULQJ HYHU\WKLQJ EDFN LQWR YLHZ $Q DOWHUQDWLYH VKRUWFXW WR ]RRP DOO WKDW \RX FDQ XVH DW DQ\ WLPH LV WR SUHVV WKH ) IXQFWLRQ NH\ 1RWH RQO\ H[FDYDWLRQ YHUWLFHV FDQ EH VHOHFWHG DV WKH VWDUW HQG SRLQWV RI WKH EROW SDWWHUQ ,I \RX WU\ WR VHOHFW D GLVFUHWL]DWLRQ SRLQW RQ D ERXQGDU\ LH WKH UHG FURVVHV JHQHUDWHG ZKHQ \RX 'LVFUHWL]H QRWKLQJ ZLOO KDSSHQ XQOHVV WKH GLVFUHWL]DWLRQ SRLQW LV FRLQFLGHQW ZLWK D YHUWH[
70
Bolt Properties
1RZ WKDW WKH EROW JHRPHWU\ LV GHILQHG OHWV GHILQH WKH EROW SURSHUWLHV 7KH EROW SURSHUWLHV ZH HQWHU ZLOO FRUUHVSRQG WR IXOO\ JURXWHG XQWHQVLRQHG VWHHO GRZHOV ZLWK D PD[LPXP ORDG FDSDFLW\ RI WRQQHV 01
Enter: Name = grouted Bolt Type = Fully Bonded Bolt Diameter = 25 Peak Capacity = 0.2 Residual Capacity = 0.2
Pre-Tensioning = 0 Out-of-Plane Spacing = 1 Bolt Modulus = 200000
(QWHU WKH EROW SURSHUWLHV ZLWK WKH ILUVW GHIDXOW WDE VHOHFWHG 6LQFH \RX HQWHUHG WKH EROW SURSHUWLHV ZLWK WKH ILUVW GHIDXOW WDE VHOHFWHG \RX GR QRW KDYH WR $VVLJQ WKHVH SURSHUWLHV WR WKH EROWV 3+$6( ZLOO DXWRPDWLFDOO\ DVVLJQ WKH SURSHUWLHV IRU \RX 1RZ VDYH WKH ILOH DQG UHUXQ WKH DQDO\VLV
71
Compute
%HIRUH \RX DQDO\]H \RXU PRGHO OHWV VDYH WKLV DV D QHZ ILOH FDOOHG VXSSRUWIHD 0DNH VXUH \RX VHOHFW 6DYH $V DQG QRW 6DYH RU \RX ZLOO RYHUZULWH WKH VXSSRUWIHD ILOH
Interpret
)URP 02'(/ VZLWFK EDFN WR ,17(535(7
72
7KH \LHOGHG ]RQH EDVHG RQ WKH H[WHQW DQG ORFDWLRQ RI WKH \LHOGHG HOHPHQWV LV QRW GLVFHUQDEO\ GLIIHUHQW IURP WKH XQVXSSRUWHG \LHOG ]RQH VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH +RZHYHU WKH QXPEHU RI \LHOGHG ILQLWH HOHPHQWV GHFUHDVHG IURP XQVXSSRUWHG WR VXSSRUWHG
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/HWV FKHFN IRU \LHOGLQJ LQ WKH EROWV 6HOHFW WKH <LHOGHG %ROWV EXWWRQ LQ WKH 'LVSOD\ WRROEDU 7KH \LHOGHG EROW HOHPHQWV ZLOO EH KLJKOLJKWHG LQ UHG DQG WKH QXPEHU RI \LHOGHG HOHPHQWV ZLOO EH GLVSOD\HG LQ WKH VWDWXV EDU
234 Yielded bolt elements
$OPRVW DOO RI WKH EROWV KDYH \LHOGHG DV VKRZQ E\ WKH EROW VHFWLRQV KLJKOLJKWHG LQ UHG 5HPHPEHU WKDW EROW HOHPHQWV IRU IXOO\ ERQGHG EROWV DUH GHILQHG E\ WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQV RI EROWV ZLWK WKH ILQLWH HOHPHQWV %ROW HOHPHQWV FDQ EH GLVSOD\HG ZLWK WKH 'LVSOD\ 2SWLRQV GLDORJ 7KLV LV OHIW DV DQ RSWLRQDO VWHS
73
5HFDOO WKDW ZKHQ ZH GHILQHG WKH EROW SURSHUWLHV ZH HQWHUHG D UHVLGXDO EROW FDSDFLW\ HTXDO WR WKH SHDN EROW FDSDFLW\ 7KHUHIRUH HYHQ WKRXJK WKH EROWV KDYH UHDFKHG WKHLU \LHOG FDSDFLW\ WKH\ VWLOO SURYLGH VXSSRUW )LQDOO\ OHWV ORRN DW WKH HIIHFW RI WKH EROWV RQ WKH GLVSODFHPHQW
&RPSDUHG WR WKH XQVXSSRUWHG H[FDYDWLRQ WKH GLVSODFHPHQWV KDYH EHHQ VOLJKWO\ UHGXFHG EXW QRW E\ PXFK 0D[LPXP XQVXSSRUWHG GLVSODFHPHQW P :HOO KDYH WR DGG VKRWFUHWH WR UHDOO\ VXSSRUW WKLV WXQQHO
74
Model
)URP ,17(535(7 VZLWFK EDFN WR 02'(/
Adding a Liner
:H ZLOO QRZ OLQH WKH WXQQHO ZLWK VKRWFUHWH )LUVW OHWV ]RRP LQ VR WKDW ZH FDQ VHH ZKDW ZH DUH GRLQJ
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
75
Liner Properties
1RZ GHILQH WKH OLQHU SURSHUWLHV 7KH SURSHUWLHV ZH HQWHU ZLOO FRUUHVSRQG WR D PP WKLFN OD\HU RI VWHHO ILEUH UHLQIRUFHG VKRWFUHWH
Enter: Name = shotcrete Thickness = 0.2 Youngs Modulus = 3000 Poissons Ratio = 0.25 Material Type = Plastic Comp. Str. (peak) = 35
Comp. Str. (res) = 5 Tens. Str. (peak) = 5 Tens. Str. (res) = 0 Beam Form. = Bernoulli
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Properties
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Critical Friction Angle for Slip
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Axisymmetry Tutorial
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Project Name = (optional) Number of Stages = 1 Max. # of iterations = 500 Tolerance = 0.001
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Properties
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Axisymmetry Tutorial
147
Interpret
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Sigma 1
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Axisymmetry Tutorial
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Query Data
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Deleting a Query
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Axisymmetry Tutorial
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Axisymmetry Tutorial
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Model
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Mesh
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Boundary Conditions
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Axisymmetry Tutorial
159
Interpret
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Additional Exercises
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