B gio dc v o to Trng

Lun vn
Thit k h thng iu khin ma trn led t xa bng tia hng ngoi

LI M U

. ,

hn . !

CHNG 1.

IU KHIN T XA
1.1. H thng iu khin t xa l mt h thng cho php ta iu khin cc thit b t mt khong cch xa. V d h thng iu khin bng v tuyn, h thng iu khin t xa bng hng ngoi, h thng iu khin t xa bng cp quang dy dn. S kt cu ca h thng iu khin t xa bao gm: - Thit b pht: bin i lnh iu khin thnh tin tc tn hiu v pht i. - ng truyn: a tn hiu iu khin t thit b pht n thit b thu. - Thit b thu; nhn tn hiu iu khin t ng truyn, qua qu trnh bin i, bin dch ti hin li lnh iu khin ri a n cc thit b thi hnh.

1.1: Nhim v c bn ca h thng iu khin t xa: - Pht tn hiu iu khin. - Sn sinh ra xung hoc hnh thnh cc xung cn thit. - T hp xung thnh m. - Pht cc t hp m n im chp hnh.

- im chp hnh (thit b thu) sau khi nhn c m phi bin i cc m nhn c thnh cc lnh iu khin v a n cc thit b, ng thi kim tra s chnh xc ca m mi nhn. 1.2. XA Do h thng iu khin t xa c nhng ng truyn dn xa nn ta cn phi nghin cu v kt cu h thng m bo tn hiu c truyn i chnh xc v nhanh chng theo nhng yu cu sau: 1.2.1. Kt cu tin tc Trong h thng iu khin t xa tin cy truyn dn tin tc c quan h rt nhiu n kt cu tin tc. Ni dung v kt cu tin tc c hai phn: v lng v cht. V lng c cch bin lng iu khin v lng iu khin thnh tng loi xung g cho ph hp, v nhng xung cn p dng nhng phng php no hp thnh tin tc, c dung lng ln nht v truyn dn nhanh nht. 1.2.2. Kt cu h thng m bo cc yu cu v kt cu tin tc, h thng iu khin t xa c cc yu cu sau: - Tc lm vic nhanh. - Thit b phi an ton tin cy. - Kt cu phi n gin. H thng iu khin t xa c hiu qu cao l h thng t tc iu khin cc i ng thi m bo chnh xc trong phm vi cho php.

1.3. Trong h thng truyn thng tin ri rc hoc truyn thng tin lin tc nhng c ri rc ha tin tc phi c bin i thng qua mt php bin i thnh s (thng l s nh phn) ri c m ha v c pht i t my pht. my thu, tn hiu phi c thng qua cc php bin i ngc li vi cc php bin i trn: gii m, lin tc ha S m ha tn hiu iu khin nhm tng tnh hu hiu v tin cy ca h thng iu khin t xa, ngha l tng tc truyn v kh nng chng nhiu. Trong iu khin t xa ta thng dng m nh phn tng ng vi h, gm c hai phn t [0] v [1]. Do yu cu v chnh xc cao trong cc tn hiu iu khin c truyn i chng nhiu ta dng loi m pht hin v sa sai. M pht hin v sa sai thuc loi m ng u bao gm cc loi m: m pht hin sai, m sa sai, m pht hin v sa sai. Dng sai nhm ca cc m c truyn i ty thuc tnh cht ca knh truyn, chng c th phn chia thnh 2 loi: - Sai c lp: Trong qu trnh truyn, do nhiu tc ng, mt hoc nhiu k hiu trong cc t hp m c th b sai nhm, nhng nhng sai nhm khng lin quan n nhau. - Sai tng quan: c gy ra bi nhiu tng quan, chng hay xy ra trong tng chm, cm k hiu k cn nhau. S la chn ca cu trc m chng nhiu phi da trn tnh cht phn b xc sut sai nhm trong knh truyn.

Hin nay l thuyt m ha pht trin rt nhanh, nhiu loi m pht hin v sa sai c nghin cu nh: m Hamminh, m chu k, m nhiu cp. 1.4.

1.2: S khi my pht

1.3: S khi my thu 1.5.

Trong k thut iu khin t xa, tn hiu gc khng th truyn i xa c. Do , thc hin vic truyn tn hiu iu khin t my pht n my thu ta cn phi iu ch (m ha) tn hiu. C nhiu phng php iu ch tn hiu. Tuy nhien iu ch tn hiu dng xung c nhiu u im hn. V y chng ta s dng linh kin k thut s nn linh kin gn nh, cng sut tiu tn nh v c tnh chng nhiu cao. Cc phng php iu ch tn hiu dng xung nh:

- iu ch bin xung (PAM). - iu ch rng xung (PWM). - iu ch v tr xung (PPM). - iu ch m xung (PCM). 1.5.1. iu ch bin xung (PAM)

1.4: iu ch bin xung l dng iu ch n gin nht trong cc dng iu ch xung. Bin ca mi xung c to ra t l vi bin tc thi ca tn hiu iu ch. Xung ln nht biu th cho bin dng ca tn hiu ly mu ln nht.

1.5: Gii thch s khi: - Khi tn hiu iu ch: To ra tn hiu iu ch a vo khi dao ng a hi. - Dao ng a hi mt trng thi bn: Trn xung vi tn hiu iu ch.

- B pht xung: pht xung vi tn s khng i thc hin vic iu ch tn hiu iu ch c bin tng gim thay i theo tn hiu iu ch. 1.5.2. iu ch rng xung Phng php iu ch ny s to ra cc xung c bin khng i, nhng b rng ca mi xung s thay i tng ng vi bin tc thi ca tn hiu iu ch, trong cch iu ch ny, xung c rng ln nht biu th phn bin dng ln nht ca tn hiu iu ch. Xung c rng hp nht biu th phn bin m nht ca tn hiu iu ch. Trong iu ch rng xung, tn hiu cn c ly mu phi c chuyn i thnh dng xung c rng xung t l vi bin tn hiu ly mu. thc hin iu ch rng xung, ta c th thc hin theo so khi sau:

1.6: S khi h thng PWM Trong s khi, tn hiu iu ch c a n khi so snh in p cng vi tn hiu pht ra t b pht hm RAMP. 1.5.3. iu ch v tr xung (PPM) Vi phng php iu ch v tr xung th cc xung c iu ch c bin v rng xung khng thay i theo bin ca tn hiu iu ch.

Hnh thc n gin ca iu ch v tr xung l qu trnh iu ch rng xung. iu ch v tr xung c u im l s dng t nng lng hn iu ch rng xung nhng c nhc im l qu trnh gii iu bin my thu phc tp hn cc dng iu ch khc. 1.5.4. iu ch m xung Phng php iu ch m xung c xem l phng php chnh xc v hiu qu nht trong cc phng php iu ch xung. Trong iu ch m xung mi mu bin ca tn hiu iu ch c bin i bng s nh phn s nh phn ny c biu th bng nhm xung, s hin din ca mt xung hin th bng [1] v s thiu i mt xung biu th bng mc [0]. Ch c th biu th trn 16 bin khc nhau ca bin tn hiu (m 4 bit), v vy n khng c chnh xc. chnh xc c th ci thin bng cch tng s bit. Mi m n bit c th biu th c 2n mc ring bit ca tn hiu. Trong phng php iu ch m xung, tn s th c quyt nh bi tn hiu cao nht trong qu trnh x l, iu ny cho thy rng nu nhng mu th c ly mc ln hn 2 ln tn s tn hiu th tn s tn hiu mu c phc hi. Tuy nhin, trong thc t thng thng mu th mc nh nht khong 10 ln so vi tn hiu ln nht. V vy tn s cng cao th thi gian ly mu cng nh (mc ly mu cng nhiu) dn n linh kin chuyn mch c tc x l cao. Ngc li, nu s dng tn s ly mu thp thi gian ly mu cng rng, nhng chnh xc khng cao. Thng thng ngi ta ch s dng khong 10 ln tn hiu nh nht. im thun li ca phng php iu bin xung l mc d tn hiu AM rt yu, chng hu nh mt hn trong nhiu n xung quanh, nu phng php iu 9

ch PPM, PWM, PCM l tn hiu ch bng cch tch ra khi ting n. Vi phng php nh vy, iu ch m xungPCM s cho kt qu tt nht, v n ch cn quyt nh xung no hin din, xung no khng hin din. Cc phng php iu ch xung nh PPM, PWM, PAM phn no cng theo khiu tng t. V cc dng xung ra sau khi iu ch c s thay i v bin , rng xung, v tr xung theo tn hiu ly mu. i vi phng php bin i m xung PCM th dng xung ra l dng nh phn ch c hai mc [0] v [1]. m ha tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s, ngi ta chia trc thi gian ra nhng khong bng nhau v trc bin ra 2n khong cho 1 bit, nu s mc cng nhiu th thi gian cng nh, chnh xc cng cao. Ti mi thi im ly mu bin c o, ri ly mc tng ng vi bin v chuyn i dng nh phn. Kt qu ng ra ta thu c mt chi xung (dng nh phn).

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CHNG 2.

2.1. nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c bng mt thng, c bc sng khong 0,8m n 0,9m, tia hng ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng. Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip. Lng thng tin c th t c 3Mbit/s Trong k thut truyn tin bng si quang dn khng cn cc trm khuch i gia chng, ngi ta c th truyn mt lc 15000 in thoi hay 12 knh truyn hnh qua mt si t quang vi ng knh 0,13mm vi khong cch 10Km n 20Km. Lng thng tin c truyn i vi nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi sng in t m ngi ta vn dng. Tia hng ngoi d hp th, kh nng xuyn thu km. Trong iu kin t xa chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp, c hng do khi thu phi ng hng. 2.2. Cc ngun nhn to thng cha nhiu ny. hng ngoi. Hnh di

cho ta quang ph ca cc ngun pht

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2.1: Quang ph ca cc ngun pht - IRED :Diode hng ngoi. - LA - LR - Q - W - PT :Laser bn dn. :n hunh quang. :n thy tinh. :Bng n in vi dy tim wolfram. :Phototransistor.

Ph ca mt ngi va phototransistor (PT) cng c trnh by so snh. n thy ngn gn nh khng pht tia hng ngoi. Ph ca n hunh quang bao gm cc c tnh c cc loi khc. Ph ca transistor kh rng. N khng nhy trong vng nh LED hng ngoi. Sng hng ngoi c nhng c tnh quang hc ging nh nh t qua thu knh, tiu cc). nh v (s hi thy c, nhng n cc i nh ph ca

hng ngoi khc nhau rt r

trong s xuyn sut qua vt cht. C nhng vt mt ta nhn thy phn chiu 12

g nhng i vi tia hng ngoi n l nhng vt phn chiu ti. C nhng vt ta thy n di mt mu xm c nhng vi nh hng ngoi n tr nn trong sut. iu ny gii thch ti sao LED hng ngoi c hiu sut cao hn so vi LED cho mu xanh l cy, mu V rng, vt liu bn dn trong sut i vi nh hng ngoi, tia hng ngoi khng b yu i khi n phi vt qua cc lp bn dn i ra ngoi. Tui th ca LED hng ngoi di n 100000 gi (hn 11 nm), LED hng ngoi khng pht gy s ch . 2.3. Ngi ta c th s quang in tr, phototransistor, photodiode thu hng ngoi trung bnh v pht xa t c th con cho li im trong cc thit b kim sot v khng

hng ngoi gn. thu s

ngi, vt nng Loi detector vi vt liu Lithiumtitanat hay tm cht do Polyviny Lidendifluorid (PVDF). C th con ngi pht tia hng ngoi vi di s 2.3.1. 2.3.1.1. Kt cu ca mt trong cc loi quang in tr c trnh by trong hnh . t 8ms n 10ms.

Hnh 2.2: 13

Trong v cht do c ca s nh sng chiu qua, ngi ta t phm thy tinh 2, trn c rnh cc in cc hnh lc. Khong cch gia cc in cc cha lp bn dn. Cc in cc dn in v c ni n cc chn cm xuyn qu v. bo v lp v khi b m t, ngi ta ph ln trn b mt n mt lp sn trong sut. Ty theo loi quang in tr b mt lm vic ca lp bin thin trong phm vi t 0,01 n 0,04cm2. Ta la chn quang in tr theo ph bc x ca vt cht. Nhng loi quang in tr trong cng nghip c ch to bng Sulfit ch (CA) c s dng ch th nhit ng v tnh trng vt th nung nng nhit tng i thp (200C 400C). Do c tuyn ph ca chng (ng 1 hnh 1b) cn cc i nm trong khu vc gn bc x hng ngoi (1,8m n 2,5m).

2.3: c tuyn ph ca quang in tr Sulfit ch c tuyn ph ca loi Sulfit bil muyt (C5) th hin ng 2 hnh 1b gn nh cng di bc sng vi loi Sulfit Catmi (CK) trong khu vc nh sng trng thy.

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2.3.1.2. Nguyn l lm vic

2.4: S nguyn l Qu trnh lm vic ca mch nh sau: - Khi cha chiu mt quang in tr, dng in qua n v mt ngoi

nh nht gi l dng in ti. - Khi chiu mt quang in tr vi chiu di bc thch hp, in

tr tinh th bn dn gim ng k. Hin tng ny ph thuc vo cht bn dn c s dng, tp cht, chiu di bc sng. - Gi tr in tr ph thuc nh 2.3.1.3. c tuyn a. c tuyn Volt - Ampere - c tuyn V-A tng tuyn tnh vi dng Dng in ti kh ln. - Dng in sng l dng qua quang in tr khi c nh sng chiu vo. - Dng in ti l dng qua quang in tr khi cha c nh sng chiu vo. - T c tuyn V-A ta nhn thy nhy ca quang in tr ph thuc in p t vo n. V th ngi ta thng s dng sut nhy k0 nh gi quang in tr. . chiu vo c th thay i t M n

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2.5:

- Ampere

K0 l dng quang in trn mt n v quang thng, i vi mt Volt in p t vo. Sut nhy ca loi quang in tr Sulfit ch nm trong gii hn t 400 n 500 A/mV. Loi Sulfit bit muyt bng 1000 A/mV. Loi Sulfit Catmi nm trong gii hn 2500-3000 A/mV. Nh sut nhy tch phn cao nh vy, cng nh c ph bc x hng ngoi rng (ph cc bc x nhit) nn chng c s dng ph bin trong cc b ch th v b chuyn i nhit. b. c tuyn nh sng Quang in tr c c tuyn nh sng khng tuyn tnh. V th, ch in ca mch s dng thng tnh theo th im sng v c tuyn V-A.

2.6: 16

c. Tiu chun la chn in p ngun cung cp cho quang in tr l phi m bo: - in p trn quang in tr Sulfit ch khi lm vic trong thi gian di thng gii hn 15V, cn cng sut vi chc W. - nhy tch phn cao cng nh hn ch cng sut ta ra trong quang in tr, vt qu n s dn ti phn ng khng thun nghch. - nhy tch phn l cng dng in pht sinh khi mt n v quang thng chiu vo (A/lm). 2.3.1.4. ng dng Da vo nguyn l lm vic ca quang in tr c ng dng vo nhiu lnh vc k thut sau: - Phn t pht hin. - o trong quang ph.

- Lm cm bin trong rt nhiu h thng t ng ha. - Bo v, bo ng 2.3.2. Diode quang 2.3.2.1. Cu to Diode quang thng c ch to bng gecmani v silic. Hnh 2a trnh by cu to ca diode quang ch to bng silic (,K-1) dng lm b ch th tia ln cn bc x hng ngoi.

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Hnh 2.7: 2.3.2.2. Nguyn l

Hnh 2.8: Diode quang c th lm vic trong 2 ch : - Ch bin i quang in. - Ch ngun quang in.

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a. Nguyn l trong ch bin i quang in Lp p c mc vo cc m ca ngun in, lp n mc vi cc dng, phn cc nghch nn khi cha chiu sng ch c dng in nh b chy qua ng vi dng in ngc (cn gi l dng in ti). Khi c quang thng dng in qua mi ni p-n tng ln gi l dng in sng. Dng tng trong mch gm c dng ti v dng sng, cng chiu lp n gn tip th dng sng cng ln. b. Nguyn l lm vic ca diode trong ch ngun pht quang in (pin mt tri) Khi quang thng, cc in tch trn mi ni p -n c gii phng to ra sc in ng trn 2 cc ca diode, do , lm xut hin dng in chy trong mch. 2.3.2.3. Vi thng s ca diode quang v pin mt tri - Diode quang c th lm vic 2 ch va nu, khi dng lm b bin quang in ta a vo n mt in p 20V, cc i chn lc nm trong gii hn 0,8m 0,85m - Gii hn nhy ca n trn bc sng = 1,2m. - nhy tch phn k = 4A/lm - i vi diode quang ch to bng gecmani, nhy ny cao hn 20 mA/lm. 2.3.2.4. ng dng ca diode quang - o nh sng. - Cm bin quang o tc . - Dng trong thin vn theo di cc ngi sao o khong cch bng quang. 19

- iu khin t ng trong my chp hnh. - Diode quang Silic c th lm vic -50C +40C. 2.3.3. Transistor quang 2.3.3.1. Cu to

Hnh 2.9:

or quang

Hnh 2.9: trnh by s nguyn l ca transistor quang. Ba lp n -p-n to nn 2 tip gip p-n. Mt trong nhng lp ngoi c kch thc nh quang thng c th chiu vo gia lp nn. Lp nn ny mng a lp hp th lng t quang n gn tip gip p-n.

2.10: Mch tng ng 20

K hiu

2.3.3.2. Nguyn l Trong transistor quang ch c th lm vic ch bin i quang in (c in p ngoi t vo). Tr s in p ny khong 3V n 5V. Xt hnh 3a: Mi ni BC c phn cc ngc lm vic nh mt diode quang. Khi c quang thng chiu vaofnos to ra dng in dng lm tc ng transistor, dn n dong Ic tng ln nhiu ln so vi dng diode quang. Dng Ic c tnh nh sau: Ic = (Ip + Ib)(hfe + 1) hfe : li DC. Ip : dng quang in khi c nh sng chiu vo mi ni BC. Ib : dng cc B khi c phn cc ngoi. Khi cc B c phn cc bn ngoi. li b thay i v tr khng vo ca transistor c tnh: Zin = Rin + hfe Dng r : Iceo = hfe + Icbo Icbo : dng r cc BC li cng cao p ng cng nhanh. 2.3.3.3. c tuyn Sau y gii thiu mt th nh tnh ca quang transistor MRD 300.

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2.11: c tuyn ph ca transistor MRD 300. IF : Dng khi c nh sng chiu vo. 2.3.3.4. ng dng Do transistor quang c nhy ln hn diode quang, nn phm vi ng dng ca n rng ri hn. ng dng trong vic ng ngt mch, iu khin t ng trong cng nghip Trong nhng mch in cm bin quang cn nhy cao. 2.4. LED THU 2.4.1. Cu to

2.12: 22

2.4.2. Nguyn l Gi s cc iu kin phn cc cho IC hon chnh, khi IC nhn tn hiu iu khin t diode pht quang, mch khuch i Op -Amp ca IC s bin i dng in thu c t diode ra in p (in p ny c khuch i). Tn hiu in p c a n Smith trigger to xung vung, xung ny c nhim v kch transistor ng ra hot ng, lc ng ra ti chn s 2 ca IC mc thp, tn hiu ng ra tc ng mc 0, c th c dng iu khin gin tip m t ti no . Khi ngn nh chiu vo th ngc li transistor khng hot ng dn

n chn s 2 ln mc cao.

2.5.

2.5.1. My pht

2.13: S khi my pht

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Gii thch s khi my pht: My pht c nhim v to ra lnh iu khin, m ha v pht tn hiu n my thu, lnh truyn i c iu ch. - Khi pht lnh iu khin: Khi ny c nhim v to ra lnh iu khin t nt nhn (phm iu khin). Khi mt phm c n tc l mt lnh c to ra. Cc nt n ny c th l mt nt ( mch iu khin n gin), hay mt ma trn nt ( mch iu khin chc nng). Ma trn phm c b tr theo ct v khin. - Khi m ha: truyn cc tn hiu khc nhau n my thu m chng khng ln ln nhau, ta phi tin hnh m ha cc tn hiu (lnh iu khin). Khi m ha ny c nhim v bin i cc lnh iu khin thnh cc bit nh phn, hin tng bin i ny gi l m ha. C nhiu phng php m ha khc nhau: o iu ch bin xung. o iu ch v tr xung. o iu ch rng xung. o iu ch m xung. Trong k thut iu khin t xa n gin, d thc hin. tia hng ngoi, phng php iu . Lnh iu khin c a n b m ha di dng cc bit nh phn tng ng vi tng bit iu

ch m xung thng c s dng nhiu hn c, v phng php ny tng i

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- Khi dao ng to

mang: mang tn s n nh, mang ny s

Khi ny c nhim v to ra

mang tn hiu iu khin khi truyn ra mi trng. - Khi iu ch: Khi ny c nhim v kt hp tn hiu iu khin m ha a n khi khuch i. - Khi khuch i: Khuch i tn hiu ln LED pht hng ngoi pht tn hiu ra mi trng. - LED pht: Bin i tn hiu in thnh tn hiu hng ngoi pht ra mi trng. 2.5.2. My thu mang

2.14: S my thu

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Gii thch s khi my thu: Chc nng ca my thu l thu c tn hiu iu khin t my pht, loi b sng mang, gii m tn hiu iu khin thnh cc lnh ring bit, t mi lnh s a n khi chp hnh c th. - LED thu: Thu tn hiu hng ngoi do my pht truyn ti v bin i thnh tn hiu iu khin. - Khi khuch i: C nhim v khuch i tn hiu iu khin ln ln t t, LED thu hng ngoi qu trnh x l tn hiu c d rng. - Khi tch sng mang: Khi ny c chc nng trit tiu sng mang, ch gi li tn hiu iu khin nh tn hiu gi i t my pht. - Khi gii m: Nhim v ca khi ny l gii m tn hiu iu khin thnh cc lnh iu khin di dng cc bit nh phn hay cc dng khc a n khi chp hnh c th. Do nhim v ca khi ny rt quan trng. - Khi cht: C nhim v gi nguyn trng thi tc ng khi tn hiu iu khin khng cn, iu ny c ngha l khi pht lnh iu khin ta ch tc ng vo phm n 1 ln, trng thi mch ch thay i khi ta ch tc ng vo nt khc thc hin iu khin lnh khc. - Khi khuch i:

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Khuch i tn hiu iu khin ln tc ng c vo mch chp hnh. - Khi chp hnh: C th l role hay mt linh kin iu khin no , y l khi cui cng tc ng trc tip vo thit b thc hin nhim v iu khin mong mun. IC iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi: IC PT2248, PT2249, PT2250 l nhng IC thu pht trong h thng iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi. Trong PT2248 l mch iu IC pht x iu khin c m ha kiu ma trn. N v mch in IC PT2249 phi hp vi nhau c th hon thnh b iu khin t xa c 10 chc nng; phi hp vi mch in IC PT2250 c th hon thnh b iu khin t xa c 18 chc nng, c hn 75 lnh c th pht xa, trong 63 lnh l lnh lin tc, c th c nhiu t hp phm; 12 lnh khng lin tc, ch c th s dng phm n. T hp nh vy c th dng cho nhiu loi iu khin xa cho cc thit b in.

27

CHNG 3.

CC LINH KIN DNG TRONG H THNG

3.1. VI IU KHIN 3.1.1. Gii thiu h vi iu khin B iu khin n chip 8051 c cng ty INTEL ch to vo nm 1980 l sn phm u tin ca b vi iu khin MCS-51. Ngy nay, h MCS-51 c trn 250 bin th khc nhau v c hu ht cc cng ty bn dn hng u trn th gii ch to, vi s lng tiu th trn 4 t mi nm. H MCS -51 c kh nng ng dng rt rng ri, chng c mt trong rt nhiu sn phm dn dng nh my git, my iu ha nhit , l vi sng, ni cm in, cc thit b in t y t v vin thong, cc thit b o lng v iu khin s dng trong cng nghip,v.v Di y l cu trc c bn ca cc b vi iu khin MCS-51:

Hnh 3.1: Cu trc c bn ca MCS-51 Mi vi mch MCS-51 bao gm trong n b x l trung tm ( CPU ), b nh ch c ( ROM), b nh c ghi ( RAM ), cc cng vo ra song song 8 bit (I/O Port ), cng vo ra ni tip ( Serial Port ), cc b im v nh thi (Timer), 28

khi iu khin ngt ( Interrupt control), khi iu khin bus ( Bus control) v mch to xung nhp (Oscillator). Giao tip gia CPU v cc khi bn trong ca MCS-51 c thc hin qua cc bus ni b gm bus d liu 8 bit, bus a ch v cc tn hiu iu khin khc. Cu trc trn cho php coi MCS-51 nh l mt my tnh n chip 8 bit. 3.1.2. S v chc nng cc chn S cc chn ra trn v ca cc vi mch MCS-51 nh hnh i y

Hnh 3.2: S chn ca h MCS-51 - Cc chn XTAL1 (19) v XTAL2 (18) mc thch anh cho mch to xung nhp ca MCS-51. - Chn RESET (9) l tn hiu vo tch cc mc cao thit lp li trng thi ban u cho MCS-51.

29

- Chn /EA (31) l tn hiu vo, khi ni /EA vi t thi MCS -51 lm vic vi cc b nh ROM, RAM bn ngoi. - Chn ALE (30) l tn hiu ra dng cht 8 bit a ch thp (AO A7) khi s dng b nh ngoi. - Chn /PSEN (29) l tn hiu ra tch cc mc thp dng c m lnh t b nh chng trnh bn ngoi khi /EA c ni vi t, khi /EA c ni vi +5v th /PSEN lun khng tch cc mc cao. - Cc chn cng 0: P0.7 P0.0 (32 39) c dng lm cng vo ra khi /EA c ni vi +5v. Khi /EA ni t th cng 0 c s dng lm bus a ch v s liu cho b nh ngoi. Khi , na u ca chu k lnh truy nhp b nh ngoi, MCS-51 ra cng 0 8 bit a ch thp ( A0 A7 ), sau cng 0 tr thnh bus s liu 8 bit, do phi dng ALE cht 8 bit a ch thp vo thanh cht a ch phn thp. - Cc chn cng 2: P2.0 P2.7 ( 21 28 ) c dng lm cng vo ra khi /EA c ni vi +5v. Khi /EA c ni t th cng 2 c s dng a ra 8 bit a ch cao ( A8 A15 ) cho b nh ngoi. - Cc chn cng 3: P3.0 P3.7 (10 17 ) c th c dng lm cng vo ra hoc dng cho chc nng khc nh sau: P3.0 (RxD) c th c dng nhn s liu ni tip P3.1 (TxD) c th c dng pht s liu ni tip P3.2 (INTO) c th c dng nhn ngt ngoi 0; P3.3 (INT1) c th c dng nhn ngt ngoi 1; P3.4 (T0) c th c dng nhn xung clock Timer 0; P3.5 (T1) c th c dng nhn xung clock cho Timer 1; P3.6 (/WR) khi /EA ni t th n c dng a ra tn hiu iu khin c RAM ngoi. - Cc chn cng 1: P1.0 P1.7 (1 8) i vi nhm 8051 ch c s dng lm cng vo ra. i vi nhm 8052 thi chn P1.0 (1) c th c dng nhn 30

xung clock T2 cho Timer 2, cn chn P1.1 (2) c th c dng lm u vo np li cho T2EX cho Timer 2. - Chn GND (20) l ni t, cn chn Vcc (40) l cp ngun cho vi mch MCS-51 - Tt c 32 chn ca 4 cng P0 P3 u c th dng lm cc cng vo ra s liu song song 8bit hoc dng lm cc tn hiu vo ra c lp nhau. 3.1.3. T chc b nh H MCS-51 c khng gian nh ring cho chng trnh v s liu c bn trong v bn ngoi. T chc b nh ca 89S52 nh trn hnh sau:

Hnh 3.3: S t chc b nh Khi /EA c ni vi t +5v th b nh ngoi khng c dung, MCS 51 ch truy nhp EPROM trong c m chng trnh v ct s liu vo RAM trong. Khi /EA c ni t thi b nh chng trnh ROM trong khng c s dng, MCS-51 c m chng trnh t b nh chng trnh ngoi bng tn hiu /PSEN, cn b nh s liu ngoi c truy nhp bng cc tn hiu /WR v /RD, do c b nh chng trnh v b nh ngoi c th dng chung bus a ch A0 A15. B nh s liu trong ca h MCS-51 c a ch t 00h n FFh, trong nhm 8052 c 256 byte RAM, nhm 8051 ch c 128 byte RAM cc a ch 31

thp t 00h n 7fh, vng a ch cao t 80h n FFh c dnh cho cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFR. T chc vng 128 byte thp b nh s liu RAM trong ca h MCS-51 nh trn hnh v, n c chia thnh 3 min. - Min cc bng thanh ghi chim a ch t 00h n 1fh c 32 byte chia thnh 4 bng, mi bng c 8 thanh ghi c nh s t R0 n R7. Ti mi thi im ch c mt bng thanh ghi c th truy nhp v c gi l bng tch cc. chn bng tch cc cn np gi tr thch hp cho cc bt RS0 v RS1 ca thanh ghi t trng thi PSW, mc nh bng 0 l tch cc. Min RAM c nh a ch bt c 16 byte 8 bt = 128 bt, chim a ch t 20h n 1fh. Mi bt min ny c nh a ch ring t 00h n 7fh nn c th truy nhp n tng bt ring r bng cc lnh x l bt. Vng RAM c nh a ch bt v cc lnh x l bt l mt trong nhng c tnh ni bt em li sc mnh cho h b vi iu khin MCS-51. - Min RAM thng thng c 80 byte chim a ch t 30h n 7fh. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (vit tt theo ting Anh l SFR) l tp cc thanh ghi bn trong ca b vi iu khin. H MCS-51 nh a ch cho tt c cc SFR vng 128 byte cao ca b nh s liu trong (xem hnh 2), mi SFR c tn gi v a ch ring, mt s SFR c nh a ch cho tng bt. Khi bt ngun hoc RESET, tt c cc SFR u c np gi tr u, sau chng trnh cn np li gi tr cho cc SFR cn dng theo yu cu s dng.

32

T chc 128 byte thp trong RAM:

Hnh 3.4: S t chc 128 byte thp trong ram h 8051 Vic truy nhp n cc SFR ch c th thc hin bng phng php a ch trc tip vi tn gi hoc a ch ca SFR l ton hng ca lnh. Vi cc SFR

33

c nh a ch bt, c th truy nhp v thay i trc tip tng bt ca n bng cc lnh x l bt. Bng 2 cho bit thng tin ch yu v cc SFR. nhm 8051vng 128 byte cao ca b nh s liu trong ch c cc SFR, khng tn ti cc nh khc vng nh ny. nhm 8052 b nh s liu trong c 256 byte RAM, cc nh ca vng RAM 128 byte cao ch c th truy nhp c bng phng php a ch gin tip, cn cc SFR cng c a ch nm trong vng nhng ch truy nhp c bng phng php a ch trc tip, v th vic truy nhp chng khng b xung t v nhm ln. 3.1.4. Phm mm lp trnh vi iu khin C th vit trn ngn ng Assembler hoc cc ngn ng bc cao khc nh C, Basic, Forth Tp lnh Assembler ca h MCS-51 c 83 lnh, c chia thnh 5 nhm l cc lnh s hc, cc lnh logic, cc lnh chuyn s liu, cc lnh x l bt v cc lnh r nhnh. Cc lnh x l bt l im mnh c bn ca h MCS-51, v chng lm cho chng trnh ngn gn hn v chy nhanh hn. Chng trnh Assembler c vit trn my tnh, sau phi dch ra m my ca h MCS-51 bng trnh bin dch ASM51, ri mi np. Chng trnh m my vo b nh cho trnh EEPROM (hoc EPROM) bn trong hoc bn ngoi MCS-51. Khi lp trnh bng ngn ng bc cao nh C, Basic, Forth.... cng phi dch chng ra m my ca h MCS-51 bng cc trnh bin dch tng ng, sau np chng trnh m my vo b nh chng trnh. Ni chung, chng trnh vit trn ngn ng Assembler kh hn vit trn ngn ng bc cao, nhng khi dch ra m my s ngn gn hn v chy nhanh hn cc chng trnh vit trn ngn ng bc cao. vit v np phn mm cho MCS-51, bn phi c cc cng c l my 34

vi tnh, trnh bin dch ngn ng s dng ra m my ca h MCS -51 v b np chng trnh m my t my tnh vo b nh chng trnh EEPROM trong Mcs51 hoc b nh EPROM ngoi. 3.2. 3.2.1. Cu to 8x32 8x32

Led matrix 8x32 c 8 hng v 32 ct

Hnh 3.5: S kt ni ca ledmatrix Ma trn led bao gm nhiu led n b tr thnh hng v ct trong mt v.Cc tn hiu iu khin ct c ni vi Anode (hoc Cathode) ca tt c cc led trn cng mt ct. Cc tn hiu iu khin hng cng c ni vi Cathode (hoc Anode) ca t 3.2.2. Khi c mt tn hiu iu khin ct v hng, cc chn Anode ca cc led .

35

trn ct tng ng c cp in p cao, ng thi cc chn Cathode ca cc led trn hng tng ng c c cp in p thp. Tuy nhin lc ch c mt led sng, v n c ng thi in th cao trn Anode v in th thp trn Cathode. Nh vy khi c mt tn hiu iu khin hng v ct, th ti mt thi im ch c duy nht mt led ti ch gp nhau ca hng v ct l sng. Cc bng quang bo vi s lng led ln hn cng c kt ni theo cu trc nh vy. Trong trng hp ta mun cho sng ng thi mt s led ri rc trn ma trn, hin th mt k t no , nu trong hin th tnh ta phi cp p cao cho Anode v p thp cho Cathode, cho cc led tng ng m ta mun sng. Nhng khi mt s led ta khng mong mun cng s sng ,min l n nm ti v tr gp nhau ca cc ct v hng m ta cp ngun. V vy trong iu khin led ma trn ta khng th s dng phng php hin th tnh m phi s dng phng php qut (hin th ng), c ngha l ta phi tin hnh cp tn hiu iu khin theo dng xung qut trn cc hng v ct c led cn hin th. m cho mt nhn thy cc led khng b nhy, th tn s qut nh nht cho mi chu k l khong 20HZ (50ms). Trong lp trnh iu khin led ma trn bng vi x l ta cng phi s dng phng php qut nh vy. 3.3. 3.3.1. Chc nng L mt IC ghi dch 8 bit kt hp cht d liu, u vo ni tip u ra song song. Chc nng thng c dung trong cc mch qut led 7 thanh, led matrix tit kim s chn VDK ti a ( 3 chn ). C th m rng s chn vi iu khin bao nhiu ty thch m khng IC no c th lm c bng cch ni tip u vo d liu cc IC vi nhau. IC 74HC595

36

3.3.2. S chn

Hnh 3.6: S chn 74HC595 Gii thch ngha hot ng ca mt s chn quan trng: - input Chn 14 : u vo d liu ni tip . Ti 1 thi im xung clock ch a vo c 1 bit - output QA=>QH : trn cc chn (15,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Xut d liu khi chn chn 13 tch cc mc thp v c mt xung tch cc sn m ti chn cht 12 - output-enable Chn 13 : Chn cho php tch cc mc thp (0) .Khi mc cao, tt c cc u ra ca 74595 tr v trng thi cao tr, khng c u ra no c cho php. - SQH

37

Chn 9: Chn d liu ni tip . Nu dng nhiu 74595 mc ni tip nhau th chn ny a vo u vo ca con tip theo khi dch 8bit. - Shift clock Chn 11: Chn vo xung clock . Khi c 1 xung clock tch cc sn dng(t 0 ln 1) th 1bit c dch vo ic. - Latch clock Chn 12 : xung clock cht d liu . Khi c 1 xung clock tch cc sn dng th cho php xut d liu trn cc chn output . lu c th xut d liu bt k lc no bn mun ,v d u vo chn 14 dc 2 bit khi c xung clock chn 12 th d liu s ra chn Qa v Qb (ch chiu dch d liu t Qa=>Qh) - Reset Chn 10: khi chn ny mc thp(mc 0) th d liu s b xa trn chip) S hot ng ca chip:

Hnh 3.7: s chc nng cc chn 38

3.3.3. Bng thng s chip 3.1: 74HC595

y l ic u ra hot ng 2 mc 0 &1 dng ra tm 35mA . in p hot ng <=7V . Cng sut trung bnh 500mW Da vo bng tnh ton c cc thng s khi thit k mch 3.3.4. Tn s p ng 3.2: 74HC595

39

Ti 6V th tn s vo p ng khong 400ns . Da vo chng ta se a c ra tn s qut hp l. 3.4. IC 3.4.1. Mch in IC PT2248 s dng cng ngh CMOS qui m ln ch to l mt loi linh kin pht x m ha tia hng ngoi rt thng dng, phm vi in p ngun in l 2,2V~5,5V. V s dng cng ngh CMOS ch to nn cng sut tiu tao cc thp, dng in trng thi tnh ch 10A, n c th s dng nhiu t hp phm, linh kin bn ngoi rt t, m s ca n thch hp vi nhiu qui m khc, ch cn ni ngoi linh kin LC hoc b dao ng gm l c th gy ra dao ng. c tnh: - c sn xut theo cng ngh CMOS. - Tiu th cng sut thp. - Vng in p hot ng: 2,2V-5V. - S dng c nhiu phm. - t thnh phn ngoi. ng dng: B pht hng ngoi dng trong cc thit b in t nh: Television, Video Casette Recoder PT2248

40

3.4.2. S chn

3.8:

2248

IC PT2248 s dng 16 chn v nha kiu cm thng hng. - Chn 1: Vss l u m ca dng in ni vi t. - Chn 2: XT l u vo ca b phn dao ng bn trong. - Chn 3: XTN l u ra ca b phn dao ng bn trong, bn trong n khng c in tr phn hi. - Chn 4 n chn 9: (K1-K6) l on u vo tn hiu ca bn phm kiu ma trn. - Chn 10 n chn 12: T1-T3 kt hp vi cc chn K1-K6 c th to thnh 18 phm.

41

- Chn 13: (CODE) l u vo ca m s, dng m s truyn ti v tip nhn. - Chn 14: (TEST) l u o th, bnh thng khi s dng c th b trng. - Chn 15: (TXOUT) l u ra tn hiu truyn ti tn hiu 12 bit thnh mt chu k, s dng sng mang 38kHz iu ch. - Chn 16: (Vcc) l u dng ca ngun in ni vi in p mt chiu 2,2-2,5V, in p lm vic bnh thng 3V. 3.4.3. S khi bn trong

3.9:

2248

42

Bn trong IC PT2248 do b phn dao ng, b phn tn, b gii m, mch in u vo ca bn phm, b phn pht m s to thnh. S logic bn trong ca n c trnh by nh hnh trn. 3.4.4. Tham s ca PT2248 3.3: Tham s cc hn ca PT2248

3.4: Tham s ch yu ca PT2248

43

3.4.5 Nguyn l hot ng Trong IC PT2248 c cha b o pha CMOS l in tr nh thin cng ni b dao ng bng thch anh hoc mch in dao ng cng hng. Khi tn s ca b phn dao ng thit k xc nh l 455kHz, th tn s pht x sng mang l 38kHz. Ch khi c thao tc nhn phm mi c th to ra dao ng, v th m bo cng sut ca n tiu hao thp. N c th thng qua cc chn K1 n K6 v u ra th t thi gian chn T1 n T3 to ra bn phm 6x3 theo kiu ma trn. Ti T1 6 phm c sp xp c th ty chn to thnh 63 trng thi tn hiu lin tc a ra c trnh by hinh di:

3.10:

2248

44

Hai hng phm T2 v T3 ch c th s dng phm n, hn na, mi khi n vo phm mt ln ch c th pht x mt nhm mch xung iu khin ra. Nu nh cc phm cng hng ng thi c n xung th th t u tin ca n l K1>K2>K3>K4>K5>K6. Khng c nhiu phm chc nng trn cng mt ng K, nu nh ng thi nhn phm th th t u tin ca n l T1>T2>T3. Lnh pht ra ca n do m 12 bit to thnh, trong C1~C3 ( CODE) l m s ngi dng, c th dng xc nh cc m thc khc nhau, t hp C1,C2 phi hp vi mch in IC thu PT2250; t hp C2,C3 phi hp vi mch in IC thu PT2249. Lnh pht ra 12 bit nh bng sau: 3.5: 2248

Cc bit m C1, C2, C3 c thc hin bng vic ni hay khng ni cc chn T1, T2, T3 vi chn code bng cc diode. Nu ni qua diode th cc C tng ng tr thnh [1] v [0] th khng c ni. H, S1, S2 l i din cho m s pht x lin tc hoc m s pht x khng lin tc. N i ng vi cc phm T1, T2, T3. D1 n D6 l m s ca s liu pht ra. Phm ca n v s i ng m quan h vi nhau nh trong bng sau:

45

3.6:

Dng xung pht ra: Khi t l chim trng ca mch xung dng hnh sng do mch in PT2248 pht ra l i din l [0] khi t l chim trng ca mch xung dng l 4/3, i din cho [1]. Bt lun l [o] hay [1] th chng c pht ra mch xung dng c iu ch trn sng mang 38kHz, t l chim trng ca sng mang l 1/3, nh vy c li cho vic gim cng sut tiu hao.

46

3.11: Vic pht ra ca mi mt chu k theo th t ni tip C1, C2, C3, H, S1, S2, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 c tng chiu di c o 48a, trong a= chu k mt m. Phng php tnh ca a l: a= (1/fosc) 192s (fosc ). Khi n phm khng lin tc, u ra m ch pht ra 2 chu k, khi n phm lin tc, u ra m s pht ra lin tc, gia 2 nhm dng li 280s nh hnh di trnh by:

3.12: Dng sng truyn 47

- Thi gian ca bit a ph thuc vo tn s giao ng v c tnh bi cng thc:

- Tn hiu khng lin tc:

3.13: Khi nhn bt k mt phm khng lin tc, tn hiu khng lin tc ch truyn 2 t lnh n ng ra. - Tn hiu lin tc:

3.14: Khi nhn bt k mt phm lin tc, tn hiu lin tc s lp li chu k sau khi truyn 2 t lnh v thi gian dng cho n khi phm khng c nhn n a.

48

3.5. IC 3.5.1.

PT2249

PT2250

Hai IC ny cng c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS, chng i cp vi IC pht PT2248 to thnh mt b IC thu-pht trong iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi.

3.15: c tnh: - Tiu tn cng sut thp. - Kh nng chng nhiu rt cao.

2250

49

- Nhn c ng thi 5 chc nng t IC pht PT2248. - Cung cp b to dao ng RC. - B lc s v b kim tra m ngn nga s tc ng t nhng ngun sng khc nhau nh n PL. Do khng nh hng n nhy ca mt thu. 2249. 3.5.2. Chc nng ca cc chn IC PT2249 - Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in. - Chn 2 (Rxin): l u vo tn hiu thu. - Cc chn 3-7 (HP1-HP5): l u ra tn hiu lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s lun duy tr mc logic 1. - Cc chn 8-12 (SP5-SP1): l u ra tn hiu khng lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s duy tr mc logic 1 trong khong thi gian l 107ms. - Chn 14 v 13 (CODE 2 v CODE 3): to ra cc t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu. M s ca hai chn ny phi ging t hp m h thng ca phn pht th mi thu c tn hiu. - Chn 15 (OSC): dng ni vi t in v in tr bn ngoi to ra dao ng cho mch. - Chn 16 (Vcc): l chn c ni vi cc dng ca ngun cung cp.

50

3.16: S khi IC thu PT2249 3.5.3 Tham s ca IC thu PT2249 3.7: Tham s cc hn ca IC thu PT2249

51

3.8: Tham s ch yu ca IC thu PT2249

3.5.4. Nguyn l hot ng Sau khi IC pht PT2248 pht tn hiu (2 chu k) i, tn hiu s c mt thu tip nhn ri a n n chn Rxin. Chn Rxin c nhim v s chnh li dng sng ca tn hiu cho chun. Sau , tn hiu c a ti b lc s. B lc s c nhim v lc ly cc d liu ri a n thanh ghi. D liu u tin c 52

lu vo thanh ghi 12 bit. Tip n, d liu th hai s c np vo thanh ghi. D liu u tin s c a qua b m ng ra nu m ca n khp vi m ca phn pht. Trng hp, m ca d liu khng khp vi m ca phn pht th qu trnh s c lp li. Khi cc d liu nhn c thng qua, ng ra s chuyn t mc thp ln mc cao.

3.17: Thanh ghi 12 bit T hp m h thng gia IC pht PT2248 v IC thu PT2249: 3.9: Bng m h thng

- V PT2249 khng c chn C1 nn chn C1 ca PT2248 mc nhin mc logic 1. Qua bng m h thng, ta thy rng t hp m ca cc chn C2 v C3 ca hai IC phi ging nhau, l m h thng. - Cc chn C1, C2 v C3 s mc logic 1 nu mc mt diode gia chn Cn (n=1,2,3) vi chn CODE v c ni xung mass. Ngc li, cc chn C2 v C3 s mc logic 0 nu khng mc diode m ni thng xung mass.

53

3.10: Bng i ng quan h phm/m gia IC PT2248 v IC PT2249

3.6. 3.6.1. IC HEF 4013 Mch cht d liu 3.6.1.1.

3.18 54

4013

Vi mch 4013 cha hai Flip-Flop D, n l mt vi mch a nng, chng c cc chn t trc tip (S0), xa trc tip (CD). D liu c chp nhn CP mc thp v c chuyn n ng ra khi c cnh dng ca xung ng h. Khi 2 chn CD v S0 cng mc cao bt chp d liu vo v xung ng h nh th no, c 2 ng ra Q v QN u mc cao. IC HEF c 14 chn.

3.19: S bn trong Trong : D : D liu vo. CP : Xung ng h vo. SD : Chn t. CD : Chn xa. 3.11: Bng trng thi

55

3.6.1.2. Bnh thng cha c xung clock th Q=[0] suy ra QN=[1]. Do , d liu ch sn chn D (data) l [1], hn na theo bng trng thi th ta ni S=[0], R=[1] th d nhin Q=[0]. Khi ta nhn bt k 1 phm bn phn pht s to ra chui xung tc ng n phn thu sau khi gii m, phc hi tn hiu tc ng n xung clock (chn 3), lc ny mch cht hot ng, d liu (data) c np vo ng ra Q thay i trng thi ln mc [1] th QN=[0] LED sng ch th mch cht hot ng, lc ny th d liu ch sn chn 5 khng cn mc [1] na m l mc [0]. Khi ta nhn tip phm trn 1 ln na th chn 3 nhn c xung tc ng, tng t d liu mc [0] c np vo cht Q thay i trng thi tr v mc [0] tng ng QN ln mc [1], lc ny, d liu ch sn li ln mc [1]. Nu ta tip tc nhn phm th qu trnh lp li tng t. 3.6.2. Cu trc IC UNL2803

3.20:

2803

56

Nhn vo s cu to ca UNL2803, ta thy c rng khi u vo mc 1 th u ra mc 0 v ngc li. - Chn 1 input (mc 1) Chn output 18 (mc 0) v ngc li. - Chn 2 input (mc 1) Chn output 17 (mc 0) v ngc li. - - Chn 8 input (mc 1) Chn output 11 (mc 0) v ngc li. Do , UNL2803 c tc dng n dng trong khong thi gian rt ngn. Tc dng ny lm cho cc led sng u v trong khi qut do phi sng c hn g led nn s st dng l rt ln s lm led ti. 3.6.3. Mt thu hng ngoi Thit b thu s dng mt hng ngoi c bc v st , c dng rng ri trong TV v cc thit b iu khin t xa B thu l 1 con mt thu 3 chn (OUTPUT--GND--VCC). N c nhim v nhn tn hiu hng ngoi yu t t k pht ra, khuych i tn hiu, tch sng mang lc ra nhng bt 0 v 1.

3.21: - Chn 1: ni qua transistor C1815 vo chn 2 PT2249. - Chn 2 ni mas. 57

- Chn 3 ni vi ngun dng 5v. 3.6.4 Mt pht hng ngoi

3.22: c dng trong thit b iu khin remote (TV Samsung, Sony, Sharp) c nhim v pht ra tia hng ngoi di dng xung. Ty tng nt n c m ha theo nh sn xut m ta c chui bit xung khc nhau.

58

CHNG 4.

4.1. 4.1.1. S nguyn l

4.1:

59

11 (T (K1 2, K1

darlington nh

38kHz. 4.1.2 S mch in

4.2:

60

4.2. 4.2.1. S nguyn l

4.3:

0).

61

2249 3. 4.2.2 S mch in

12 (SP

4.4:

62

4.3. LED

4.5: S khi ca mch h

th dng led matrix

Thit k mch ny chia lm 2 phn: phn iu khin v phn hin th. - Phn iu khin ta dng 74HC595 cht d liu ct. - Phn hin th cc d liu c hin th trn led matrix. 4.3.1.

63

4.6: 64

4.3.2.

4.7: i vi hng ca bng hin th: dng cc chn ca Port 1 (t chn P1.0 n chn P1.7) ca vi iu khin 89C52 lm u vo iu khin c a qua tranzitor C2383 trc khi ni vi hng ca bng hin th. i vi gii m ct ca bng hin th: dng cc chn Port 2 ca vi iu khin 89C52. C th nh sau: Cc chn P2.0 n P2.2 c ni vi IC 74HC595(P2.0 ni vi chn 14 l chn d liu Data in, P2.1 ni vi chn 12 l chn cht, P2.2 ni vi chn 11 l chn clock), 8 u ra ca 74HC595 c ni

65

vi 8 u vo IC UNL2803 ri sau 8 u ra IC UNL2803 ni vi ct ca bng hin th. (S1 S4): 89c52 chn 8 4013 T2249 . .

4.8: - S3 10 (SP3) 89C52. 66

4013 . 10 (P3.0)

4.3.3.

4.9:

67

4.4.
START

8051

Sai ?

Sai ?

STOP

4.10: 68

4.5. CHNG T Chng trnh iu khin c vit bng ngn ng Assembly. $include(reg51.inc) org 0000h mov r3,#120 KD:mov p1,#00h ;============================================= start: mov dptr,#DL1 mov r2,#00h loop: loop1: mov r1,#24 setb p2.0 mov r0,#00h call lap ;tan so quet ;du lieu vao 595

;=============================================== djnz r1,loop1 inc r2 cjne r2,#240,loop mov dptr,#DL2 mov r2,#00h 69

loop2: loop3:

mov r1,#24 setb p2.0 mov r0,#00h call lap

;tan so quet ;du lieu vao 595

;=========================================== djnz r1,loop3 inc r2 cjne r2,#240,loop2 mov dptr,#DL3 mov r2,#00h loop4: loop5: mov r1,#24 setb p2.0 mov r0,#00h call lap ;tan so quet ;du lieu vao 595

;=========================================== djnz r1,loop5 inc r2 cjne r2,#240,loop4 mov dptr,#DL4 70

mov r2,#00h loop6: loop7: mov r1,#24 setb p2.0 mov r0,#00h call lap ;tan so quet ;du lieu vao 595

;============================================== djnz r1,loop7 inc r2 cjne r2,#74,loop6 call lap

;================================================ ljmp KD lap:

setb p2.2 nop nop clr p2.2 setb p2.1

;xung clock

;xung chot 71

clr p2.1 clr p2.0 mov a,r0

;xung chot

movc a,@a+dptr mov p1,a inc r0 call doi mov p1,#00h cjne r0,#32,lap ret

=======

KT_phim1:

jnb

p3.0,thoat

djnz 21h,KT_phim1 HT1: cjne r3,#220,thoat1 thoat: ret 72

thoat1:

mov a,#20 add a,r3 mov r3,a ret

kiemtra_phim2: KT_phim2: jnb p3.1,thoat

djnz 21h,KT_phim2 HT2:

KT_phim12:

jb

p3.1,HT2

cjne r3,#20,thoat2 ret thoat2: mov a,r3 subb a,#20 mov r3,a ret ;=============================================

73

doi:

mov 71h,r3 djnz 71h,$ ret

;=============================================

: Hai Phong Private university, electricity department of civil and insdustrial, class: DCL 401, student to: Dao Ngoc Tuan, graduation topic: system design remote control LED matrix infrared

DL1: ;240 DB 0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H, 0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H DB 7FH,8H,8H,7FH,0H,20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,7AH,0H,0H,0H,7FH,9H,9H,6H,0H, 7FH,8H,8H,70H,0H DB 38H,44H,44H,38H,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,18H,0A4H,0A4H,78H,0H,0H,0H,7 FH,9H,9H,6H,0H,7CH,8H DB 4H,4H,0H,7AH,0H,1CH,20H,40H,20H,1CH,0H,20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,4H,7EH ,44H,0H,38H,54H,54H,18H 74

DB 0H,0H,0H,3CH,40H,40H,7CH,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,7AH,0H,1CH,20H,40H, 20H,1CH,0H,38H,54H,54H DB 18H,0H,7CH,8H,4H,4H,0H,48H,54H,24H,0H,7AH,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,9CH,0 A0H,7CH,0H,80H,40H,0H DB 0H,38H,54H,54H,18H,0H,7FH,40H,20H,0H,38H,54H,54H,18H,0H,38H,44H,4 4H,28H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H DB 7CH,8H,4H,4H,0H,7AH,0H,38H,44H,44H,28H,0H,7AH,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,9 CH,0A0H,7CH,0H,0H,0H DB 38H,44H,44H,7FH,0H,38H,54H,54H,18H,0H,0FCH,24H,24H,18H,0H,20H,54H ,54H,78H,0H,7CH,8H,4H,4H DB 0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,7CH,4H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,38H,54H,54H,18H

DL2: ;240 DB 0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,0H,0H,38H,44H,44H,38H,0H DB 8H,0FCH,0AH,0H,0H,0H,38H,44H,44H,28H,0H,7AH,0H,1CH,20H

75

DB 40H,20H,1CH,0H,7AH,0H,7FH,40H,20H,0H,0H,0H,20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,7C H,4H,4H,78H,0H,38H,44H DB 44H,7FH,0H,0H,0H,7AH,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,38H,44H,44H,7FH,0H,3CH, 40H,40H,7CH,0H,48H,54H DB 24H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,7CH,8H,4H,4H,0H,7AH,0H,20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,7F H,40H,20H,80H,40H,0H DB 0H,38H,44H,44H,28H,0H,7FH,40H,20H,0H,20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,48H,54H,2 4H,0H,48H,54H,24H,0H,50H DB 0H,7FH,41H,41H,3EH,0H,3EH,41H,41H,22H,0H,7FH,40H,40H,40H,0H,18H,1 4H,12H,7FH,10H,0H,3EH,41H DB 41H,3EH,0H,42H,7FH,40H,0H,80H,40H,0H,0H,48H,54H,24H,0H,4H,7EH,44H ,0H,3CH,40H,40H,7CH,0H DB 38H,44H,44H,7FH,0H,38H,54H,54H,18H,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,4H,7EH,44 H,0H,0H,0H,4H,7EH,44H

76

DB 0H,38H,44H,44H,38H,0H,50H,0H,0H,7FH,41H,41H,3EH,0H,20H,54H,54H,78 H,0H,38H,44H,44H,38H,0H DB 0H,0H,7FH,2H,4H,8H,7FH,0H,18H,0A4H,0A4H,7CH,0H,38H,44H,44H

DL3: ;240 DB 38H,0H,38H,44H,44H,28H,0H,0H,0H,1H,1H,7FH,1H,1H,0H,3CH,40H,40H,7C H,0H,20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,80H,40H DB 0H,0H,18H,0A4H,0A4H,7CH,0H,7CH,8H,4H,4H,0H,20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,38 H,44H,44H,7FH,0H,3CH DB 40H,40H,7CH,0H,20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,7AH,0H,38H,44H,44 H,38H,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H DB 0H,0H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,38H,44H,44H,38H,0H,0FCH,24H,24H,18H,0H,7A H,0H,38H,44H,44H,28H,0H DB 50H,0H,0H,48H,54H,24H,0H,9CH,0A0H,7CH,0H,48H,54H,24H,0H,4H,7EH,4 4H,0H,38H,54H,54H,18H,0H DB 7CH,4H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,0H,0H,38H,44H,44H,7FH,0H,38H,54H,54H,18H, 0H,48H,54H,24H,0H,7AH 77

DB 0H,18H,0A4H,0A4H,7CH,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,0H,0H,7CH,8H,4H,4H,0H,3 8H,54H,54H,18H,0H,7CH DB 4H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,38H,44H,44H,38H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,38H,54H,54H, 18H,0H,0H,0H,38H,44H DB 44H,28H,0H,38H,44H,44H,38H,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,7CH, 8H,4H,4H,0H,38H,44H DB 44H,38H,0H,7FH,40H,20H,0H,0H,0H,7FH,40H,40H,40H,0H,7FH,49H

DL4: ;74 DB 49H,41H,0H,7FH,41H,41H,3EH,0H,0H,0H,7CH,4H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H DB DB 0H,44H,28H,10H,28H,44H,0H,0H,0H,7AH,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,8H,0FCH, 0AH,0H,7CH,8H,4H,4H DB 4H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,38H,44H,44H,38H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,38H,54H,54H, 18H,0H,0H,0H,38H,44H 20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,7CH,8H,4H,4H,0H,7AH

78

DB 44H,28H,0H,38H,44H,44H,38H,0H,7CH,4H,4H,78H,0H,4H,7EH,44H,0H,7CH, 8H,4H,4H,0H,38H,44H

DB 20H,54H,54H,78H,0H,7CH,8H,4H,4H,0H,38H,54H,54H,18H,0H,38H,44H,44H ,7FH,0H,0H,0H,0H DB 0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H, 0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H,0H End

79

KT LUN
N

. Nhng do kin thc cn hn hp nn khng th trnh c nhng thiu st trong qu trnh lm ti. Em rt mong nhn c nhng li ch bo t thy c trong hi ng.

hn

nh: nm 2012

80

O 1. PGS-TS Nguyn Tin Ban(2010), Bi ging Phn t t ng, Trng

i hc Hng Hi Vit Nam 2. ng Vn o L Vn Doanh (2006), Gio trnh K thut in, Nh Xut Bn khoa hc v k thut H Ni 3. Tng Vn On ng X hi, H Ni 4. Phm Quang Tr (2005), Gio trnh TP.HCM 5. Webside din n in t Vit Nam www.dientuvietnam.net 6. Webside www.alldatasheet.com vi x l, Trng HCN (2004), H vi iu khin 8051, NXB Lao

81

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