ABSTRACT

The security of a system is essential nowadays. With the growth of the information technology (IT) power, and with the emergence of new technologies, the number of threats a user is supposed to deal with has grown exponentially. It doesn't matter if one talks about bank accounts, social security numbers or a simple telephone call. It is important that the information is known only by the intended persons, usually the sender and the receiver.

While the required degree of security could vary for different applications, the modern Information Technology evolution demands the use of computer networks with strict security performance. Based on the confidentiality property in the domain of security the symmetrical and asymmetrical cryptographic algorithms are used.

Cryptography consists in processing plain information, applying a cipher and producing encoded output, meaningless to a third-party who does not know the key. Man has always needed some form of cryptography in order to conceal and protect information. Due to the development and advance of science, the possibilities are rapidly growing. Mathematical developments have made possible the evolution of more sophisticated systems.

DNA cryptography is a new born information security field and have been the international frontier of cryptography emerged with the constant invasion of traditional cryptography and improvement of research on DNA computing and bio-technology in which DNA is used as information carrier and the modern biological technology is used as implementation tool.

Bio-molecular cryptography systems that are based on DNA and one-time-pads, a type of encryption that, if used correctly, is virtually impossible to crack. The security of DNA cryptography is based on difficult biological problems which are unrelated with computing power and thus it is immune to current computer and even future quantum computers.