THIT K H THNG THU V X L TN HIU IN C

Ging vin hng dn

: Ths. o Vit Hng

Nhm sinh vin thc hin:

Bi Xun Tuy Hong S Chnh L c n Phm Th Bo o Vn Bch

20093043 20090316 20093370 20090196 20090182

GII THIU V TI

Tn hiu in c l mt tn hiu sinh hc cho ngi ta bit c nhng hot ng xy ra ti c vn khi chng ta ngh ngi hoc trng thi co c vi cc mc khc nhau. phn nh chnh xc tnh trng c th ca con ngi mt cc chnh xc. n tp trung vo l thuyt v tn hiu in c, xy dng phng php o v cc thut ton x l tn hiu in c. Cui cng l thit k mt thit b c kh nng thu li tn hiu, hin th v lu tr d liu phc v cho cc nghin cu sau ny.

Ni dung

Chng I : C s l thuyt v tn hiu in c. Chng II : Cc phng php o tn hiu in c. Chng III: Phn tch thit k h thng . Chng IV: Thit k v Kim tra mch. Chng V : Tng kt.

C S L THUYT V TN HIU IN C

Tn hiu in c(electromyogram(EMG)) l mt dng tn hiu in sinh hc rt quan trng c gi tr chn on cao cho rt nhiu bnh v c v thn kinh. o in c l mt hot ng ghi li hot ng in ca c.Khi c hot ng s sinh ra dng in. Dng in ny thng t l vi mc hot ng ca c. o in c cn gi l in c .

 o in c c th c dng pht hin bt thng hot ng in ca c xy ra bt k bnh l no bao gm bnh lon dng c,vim c,bnh thn kinh gy au,tn thng thn kinh ngoi bin (tn thng thn kinh cng tay ,chn),x cng ct bn teo c,nhc c,thot v a m v cc bnh khc.

Ti sao phi o tn hiu in c ?

o in c thng c thc hin khi ngi bnh b yu c m khng gii thch c,hoc hin tng lit, cc vn v c v vn ng nh run ry hay co git,tn thng thn kinh c do thng tch v mt s bnh l khc.o in c gip phn bit gia bnh c m trong nguyn nhn gy bnh xut pht t c v yu c do ri lon thn kinh.o in c cng c th s dng pht hin yu c thc s,ngc vi yu c do au lm ngi bnh khng dm c ng nhiu.

Tn hiu in c
V bn cht, tn hiu in c cng ging cc tn hiu khc. Tuy nhin, cch thc dn truyn tn hiu in c trong c th con ngi da vo s kh cc ti mi t bo v s nhy cc qua cc nt Ranvier. Chnh c im ny to nn mt s c tnh quan trong khc ca tn hiu in c m ta cn nm r c, phc v cho qu trnh thng k, phn tch, chn on v a ra cc kt lun v tnh trng c. Bn thn tn hiu in c mang cc thng tin quan trng gip cho vic chn on, iu tr trong y t. Vic ghi li dng v cc thng s ca tn hiu in c l thc s cn thit.

CC PHNG PHP O TN HIU IN C in cc ng tm EMG.

Adrian v Bronk pht trin cc in cc ng tm thu c mt ch kp nh hn so vi cc in cc dy. Cc phin bn hin i ca in cc ng tm bao gm mt dy bch kim hoc dy thp khng r nm bn trong Lumen ca mt ng d bng thp khng r vi ng knh ngoi khong 0,5 mm, nh xin mt gc t 15-20 , do l ra phn dy trung tm nh l mt b mt elip xin khong 150 580 m. Dy trung tm c cch ly vi ng d bng araldite hoc epoxy. Nhng in cc kim phc v cho vic ghi tn hiu EMG di da. i vi cc in cc si n v in cc ng tm, cc ng d ca kim tim di da ng vai tr l in cc tham chiu. Cc in cc n c s dng v mt in cc tham chiu t xa.

Cc c trng dng sng nh lng

Bin Rise time S pha Chu k Din tch Turns

Bin
c xc nh bi nhng si hot ng ang c mt trong vng ln cn ca u in cc. Lc thng thp l vic ct bt i nhng nhnh tn s cao ca nhng SFAP xa, v vy bin MUP khng tng khi mt n v vn ng ln hn. Tuy nhin, bin MUP s tng ln nu cc u in cc c t gn mt b si c phn b thn kinh. Bin MUP ln thng thy trong cc bnh v thn kinh.

Rise time

L mt hm tng dn ca khong cch gia in cc v cc si c ang hot ng gn nht. Mt Rise time ngn kt hp vi mt bin MUP nh th ta thy bin gim nhng l do si c b co vo ch khng phi l do khong cch gia in cc v si gn nht l ln.

S pha

Cho thy s phc tp ca MUP v mc lch gia SFAPs. Trong cc bnh v thn kinh, xut hin MUP nhiu pha do vn tc dn truyn trong nhng dy thn kinh cha hon thin hoc trong cc si gn rt nh, nhng nhng si c vn b co li. S thay i ca kch thc si c cng gy ra MUP nhiu pha trong cc bnh v c. ngn chn s bt thng ca nhiu ng bin do nh hng bi s pha MUP,mt ng bin ph hp cn ln hn mt mc bin ti thiu chun.

Chu k
khong thi gian gia s xut hin u tin v cui cng ca dng sng vt qu mt ngng bin c gii hn trc, v d nh, 5 V. S bt u v kt thc ca MUP l s tng hp ca cc thnh phn tn s thp ca nhng SFAP ri rc trn ton b phm vi kp kim ca in cc ny. Kt qu l, chu k MUP cung cp thng tin v s lng cc si ang hot ng trong phm vi kp kim. Tuy nhin, khi vng n v vn ng c th rng hn phm vi kp kim ca in cc ny, chu k ca MUP khng cung cp thng tin v tng ln ca n vi vn ng. Chu k ca MUP s tng nu mt n v vn ng c s lng si c gia tng do s phc hi phn b dy thn kinh. Chu k MUP chu nh hng mc t hn bi s mt lin kt SFAP

Din tch

Cho thy s lng cc si tip gip vi in cc, tuy nhin, khng ging nh bin MUP, din tch MUP ph thuc vo chu k MUP v do chu nh hng bi cc si c trn mt vng ln hn so vi bin MUP.

Turns
L thc o s phc tp ca MUP, ging nh s pha, tuy nhin, mt s i hng ng khng yu cu mt giao im vi ng bin nh mt pha, s ln i hng nhy cm hn so vi nhng thay i trong dng sng MUP. phn bit c s i hng ng t nhiu tn hiu, s i hng lin tip cn phi c b p bi mt bin ti thiu khc.

Cc cch o in c
o in bn trong c

 Mt cy kim cm xuyn qua da v c cn o.Cy kim ny s pht hin hot ng in ca c(ging nh mt in cc). Hot ng in c biu hin trn my o dao ng k v cng c th th hin c di dng m thanh qua mt my nghe microphone.

o in b mt da

 o in c c mt s c im thu ht. c bit l o in c b mt khng phi m kim qua da v v vy ngi bnh nhn khng b au.Tuy nhin,gi tr thng tin thu c bng phng php ny thng khng tt bng o in c cm vo c.Hip hi chn on bng in hc thng bo:trn thc t,hu nh y vn khng ng h vic s dng o in c trn b mt da trn lm sn chn on v qun l bnh nhn b bnh v thn kinh hay c.Mc d vy,o in cc trn b mt da chng t vn cn gi tr trong tng lai gip theo di s tin trin cc ri lon thn kinh v c. Phi th nghim v tc truyn dn thn kinh thng c th hin cng lc vi o in c.

X l tn hiu v cc yu t nh hng n tn hiu EMG

Ti sao chng ta phi x l tn hiu in c?

Tn hiu EMG cha c x l s cho nhng thng tin khng c gi tr v n khng chnh xc do c qu nhiu nhiu can thip vo, ng thi khng th gip ta so snh nh lng tn hiu gia cc i tng. Nu cc in cc b dch chuyn th tn hiu thu c khng th gip ta so snh c nh lng trong cng mt i tng

Phn loi x l tn hiu EMG

Cha qua x l -Chnh lu na sng -Chnh lu ton sng -Lc -Ly gi tr trung bnh -Lm phng Php ly tch phn -Khai cn ca trung bnh bnh phng -Ph tn s -Phn tch s mi c -S im vt qu mc 0 -S dng hm phn b xc sut bin - gn sng.

EMG cha qua x l

Tn hiu cha qua x l c: Bin t 0-6 mV Tn s t 10-500 Hz in p nh - nh o bng mV Biu hin s hot ng u n ca c S phn tch l cht lng hn c

Chnh lu
-Ch nhng gi tr dng l c ly, cn li b loi b. -Chnh lu na sng: nhng ga tr (-) s b loi b, ch nhng ga tr (+) l c gi li. -Chnh lu c sng: s dng gi tr tuyt i ca mi im d liu. -Chnh lu ton sng c u tin hn.

Lc Ly gi tr in p trung bnh Ly tch phn Khai cn ca trung bnh bnh phng Phn tch tn s Phn tch s mt mi S dng hm phn b xc sut bin Phn tch gn sng Chun ho

. Vn thu tn hiu in c
S dng ba in cc vi v tr t thch hp

Kt lun
Vi cc phng php o tn hiu in c, ngoi vic m bo cc yu cu chnh xc trong o lng, an ton trong y t cng l mt yu cu quan trng. Qua cc nghin cu, tn hiu in c c cc c im ni bt sau Tn s 20Hz 500Hz Bin 0mV 5mV f ly mu= 2 * f tn hiu Cc thng s ngha :Pha, chu k, thnh phn mun, thnh phn rng ca.

PHN TCH, THIT K H THNG

Yu cu h thng Pht xung kch thch a vo c th Thu li tn hiu phn ng ca c th Hin th hnh dng tn hiu trn mn hnh OSCILLO ha H thng yu cu phi c m-un ha, nh gn, d dang cho vic lp rp v sa cha. - Giao din thn thin, d s dng. - m bo an ton ngi s dng.

S khi tng qut ca h thng thu tn hiu in c

S chi tit khi h thng

Thit k khi ngun

Thit k khi thu tn v x l hiu in c

Nhim v ca khi l thu li c tn hiu in c phn ng li sau khi nhn kch thch. Nhim v quan trng nht ca khi l phi x l c hu ht cc nhiu can thip vo tn hiu, thu c dng tn hiu in c

Tng khuch i vi sai

Lc thng thp, lc chn di

Qua tng khuch i vi sai. Tn hiu c x l qua cc b lc: lc thng thp, lc chn di, thu c ng tn hiu EMG nm trong di t 20Hz n 500Hz( da theo TS Nguyn Hu Cng, Chn on in v bnh l thn kinh c, NXB Y hc 1998). Yu cu s dng b lc thng thp, hoc lc thng di, lc ng di tn tn s tn hiu trong di t 20Hz n 500Hz.

Hin th
Hin thi tn hiu bng vic s dng my Oscillo My Hin sng oscilloscope l mt thit b hin th th - n v ra th ca mt tn hiu in. Trong hu ht cc ng dng, th ch ra tn hiu thay i th no theo thi gian: Trc dc (Y) biu din in p v trc ngang (X) biu din thi gian. Cng hay sng ca s hin th i khi c gi l trc Z. y l th n gin c th ch ra cho ta nhiu iu v mt tn hiu.

THIT K MCH
S nguyn l ca h thng c v s dng phn mm Orcad.

Layout mch in khi ngun

S khi thu v x l tn hiu

Layout khi thu v x l tn hiu

Sn phm hon thin

TNG KT
Thun li L nhng sinh vin bch khoa c o to mt cch bi bn, c tip thu nhng kin thc trn trng lp to nn kin thc c bn l mt thun li. Nhng linh kin khng my xa l i vi sinh vin bch khoa dng nm bt c cc thng s k thut cng nh chc nng ca tng linh kin. c s tn tnh gip ca Thy v cc anh ch kha trn gii p nhng thc mc tho g nhng vng mc gp phi trong qu trnh hon thin mch.

Kh khn
y l ti kh t ngi tng thc hin nn gp nhiu kh khn trong vic tip cn ti. Hin ti cha c mt hng no Vit Nam sn xut thit b y t v thu o in c, i hi phi tham kho cc trang web nc ngoi mt kh khn v ngoi ng chuyn ngnh hiu r c vn m h ang cp v vn . Mch gm kh nhiu khi nn phi bit tnh ton phn tch tng khi ghp cc khi li vi nhau

Kinh nghim

Phi phn tch k ti trc khi thc hin ti cn ci g trnh trng hp sai lch trong qu trnh thc hin. Nu mch gm nhiu khi th phi tch ra thnh nhiu khi nh d v khng kh khn trong qu trnh kim tra mch. i vi mch y sinh nn kim tra mch cn thn m bo an ton cho ngi trong qus trnh kim tra mch. Nn tm n cc anh ch kha trn tm hiu nhiu kin thc cn thit cho mch.