MICROPROCESSOR BASED RELAY

MAINTENANCE AND TRAINING

Presented by Robert P. Bentert For Edison Electric Institute April 6, 2005

Electromechanical Relays
Moving Mechanical Parts Contacts Targets Electrical Components Capacitors Resistors Coils Failure

Drifting

Electromechanical Relays
Installation Testing Calibration Operation Periodic Maintenance Testing Installation Follow-up Calibration Operation Calibration Operation

Electromechanical Relays
Periodic Maintenance Example: Transmission Line Panel Follow-up: 1 Year Operation: 3 Years Calibration & 6 Years Operation:

Electromechanical Relay Failure Rate

(t) Failure Rate

t Mechanical Equipment
5

Microprocessor Relay Failure Rate

(t) Failure Rate

t Electronic Equipment
6

Microprocessor Relays
Power System

Analog Input Analog Interface

Digital Input Microprocessor

Digital Output RAM ROM

Control

Microcomputer Relay

Communications

Power Supply

Microprocessor Relays
Analog Inputs Digital Inputs Microcomputer Digital Outputs Power Supply

Microprocessor Relays
Monitor Self-Check Alarm Verify In-Service Metering Monitor Relay Loss of Analog Inputs Analyze Event Reports Check Outputs if Compromised

Microprocessor Relays
Maintenance May Introduce Failures Damage Out of Service Wrong Settings

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Microprocessor Relays
Periodic Maintenance Example Transmission Line Relay Follow-up: Self-Monitoring Calibration: None Operation Only: 6 Years

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IEEE PSRC 2001 Survey of Relaying Test Practices

Rationale for Longer Test Periods
38.4% 40.0% Percentage of Respondents 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Non-EM vs EM Higher Voltage (EHV) Type of Load Relay Type SelfChecking Other 6.8% 13.7% 24.7% 26.0% 24.7%

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Training
FPL Relaying 201 Dynamic Testing Satellite Synchronized Testing Comtrade File Testing Analysis

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Training
A B C Self-Monitoring Communications Programmable Logic Complexity Setting Testing a b c
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Dy1

Training
Multifunctional Sequence of Events Oscillography Adaptive Relaying Dynamic Response

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Summary
Continue Installation and Operational Tests as Scheduled No One Year Follow-up Test No Calibration Monitor Self-Check Event Based Maintenance Provide Training

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