You are on page 1of 160



 
   

 
"!    

  
 
 
 %  
"4+3, -.
/01'(
)*+  566
7(;: 89

 
 
 
 
<W!+
>8+3+ 
 

 @A?9 3BC !W+ 


 
 
 
 

 W83+


 

 .+-H
 IJ

 +
91KKKL.
M@
 !C OP1

 8 1
 8 1
 8PJ
 8Q
"+R1
 
 KKKK+C  0T'UF
 V
 W
0T0
/9X 8YW90
 EZ  0

 -

C1

 KKK!' \]
( 
 LT0`_
 
_a
  -KKK
b-KKKKK
 c
(6 db-
 KK <
befIJ
 g9h-4M1

 8 

 
 Cj
 

 Lgkj

 

 3+ +<

 

 3+ '

  J

 3+ 9-1

  J

 3+?+-1

  J

  Q Hd
j

 

 
p
q3++>

 

 3+s j86
rgkj

 

 B3
e+0
t!  J

 

 B3
e+0
t! u6 J J

 

 B3
e
!Cj  J J

  J

 +bIJV 3e
PJdw  J J

 

 B3
e+0
t! +0!9d@
J J J

 

7B3
e+3@'
1d
(3d `y J

 

 ! 7B3
e+3d `y J J

  J

 B3
e+3d
(3 J J

 

 ! 7B3
e+3@'
1 J J

 

 566 J

 

 566 @('d `y J J

 J

 ! 

'(@+3T0z 5{@|d `9b!-1 J J

 

 ! 7566

  J

 (566 4M
  J J

  J

 566 T0:;(  `
J J

  J

  9  97566 d
< ( J J

  J

 566 a
~d
(3 J J

  J

7566 +3
1<|d
kQ J J
 89:;( !

  J

 g(<b3+ Pd
jR  J

  J 
'k0(bg(<b3+ ! +0J J

 

 d
b49q J

  J

 d
b49q J J

  J

 d
b49qOQ
kP J J

  J

 d
b49q
  J J

  J

 8 8
bd
+ J J

 

 

 <rbOd
 J J

 

T0 9"{j 0
9
k" d
0+ J J
 
6

  J  8
 s     L-
s   J J
 

 s3+


 

 :
rgkj

  J

 <
d
3+

 

 <
d
3+T0V <

  J

 3+,31

 

 3+d. J{ C 4 gkj

 

 3+C

 

 3+49q

 

 3+ 0

 J.d+ 3

gkj
* 

  J

 

0
Q 
-j

 
 J

d
><b d
R

  J

b 4 +9b

  J

>+ 3

 
 J

 
 
 
 
 
 
 W +<b
J
 Z ` 9
r1 
{j67br Mb<`j

q7Q
p'
r+e9s61d
b  Kd
k

 01BWh-V ;64 68'rP+IJ
hkZ Mu1a
PT0
6
' 
+ 6
 K+B3
e 9"566+ Hd
0< 
9p~7! s0
6>8
e
+ 7OPL  !> +: !-1gQ
3
WW+
;M
+  9 9s6L
3
 !0
+
q7 < <>wh ! K
 -
9?"
 z  "
k"0 <
9-
T0+9PLZ M ?1h 7
9r3 

 !61g/M1 
9r3d 
T0. z;
 0V
d
b 7 9
6
CP+ zT0g9 +
-
J
PB3
e +9566

ud ! 3
`W
J1
6C  
  Z"
' 8
80
9
 MKW
  '

 !

( 
31< +B
 3(
c+>1h-7Z JgR

 O
s 89+pT0+9b<zje 
Cs3
 Z!9b!h8+ H800
d' M

9s61  K 9



T0 (
C 3+(;:89+>H 3c{++
'
~7<eJ.Mb 6
6H
-6 
-
 <;
< Z (!C 0<+89"8 K
/e

k M+d
br+e
3L(;:89:+e+
('
Fd
9 b 1!-1+>JE566(;0:d
b

-6
k T1K
- zr>
(M3
C6u +bz3+b
j'!Cz;r1!CQ8r49q <; R
+ !C


7:+; W  K
6
 
 
 
 
 
'+ W3

J
  7 C' r< /"
C9-1g

/ 
{j6
{ 67br
'7Q
pd
b Wh-d
kr
|5<90z {j+ +<b+
 K
M 
{j67b186
'3
{j6`
+01z9b+01 
(< 3T0 !
 1 
C ++6
"
d(
d
6
' H
b3g R
- !Whp+0L 9/b
Kz9b
 0Bd
<B
 3 d
b
d
k
<6+ J>b
C0IJ
-
9r3+e7Tk"L
~6>8
e
OPL
>   K 9
'g j !-1+>J566 <dd
b d
k|
p
! s0g<6V 
317+Q
jd
ba:+Q*+
!s  9Hg C(;:891whI

C
 d;49{9 K8
b

r1;MhJIJ
P<
d
9 7r+e 
9
Wh-+
d.
3 M"4(;:+3
89@('
5661Y+ '+ W8

3

"4+3, -.
/01'(
)*+ 7566
(;:89
8-j b '
(!C 
9 M|9

C J 
 9-1+ W3
Wh- 9-1gr9+73'0"4+3, -.
/01
'(
)*+ 7566(;:>: >89
"+d
3+ b> 6+3 7566(;:g(" 89
, -.
/01d


*+Wh-++ 3+d
3

 < >b+


9+3> +|)

!0+>T0 J(
> :
Wh- 9-19'
9+73+Q
j|1'Y<
C +
Wh-Q
6T0!CMM!Cj61z3+9+!CMT0!-+0
+"3
 (ad
k| h-7
C6C


9r3 566
' 907g/M1g*+7\
 K!C;(!-
 
Wh- 9-14(
9+P 3d
k
-++| Z
, -.
/01
)*+ !C z+3 566!C
7(;:g'
89gr L 4w g -u
, -.
/01V+*+!C
J
Cbd|' !C
g
4 566 X(;: K89

 9-M
H( < +AM3Wh- 9-1+
9 M9'3
+ 7d
6
 Zj /3(;:89
+
CQd
3
R

566+3
7
C49 K
+-1?+ W3
`?+p+83
3L3R.
0J7 
e;>"4
+3, -.
/01'(
)*+ 7566(;:
89 <! 3 P W8
 J? 9-1+ T0 7566(;: 89 .
/01s6C
,
)*+j7 d
C '
(s|9 K
C J
 J?+0T0 d
4 g 
C@566"57+jb
h
, -.
/01g(" g
)*+j
9 M  '
(!C|9K
C J4 !C

1  K566

7d+
)*+, -.
/01(
J+ T0? J
9|!(
' C 
9 Mj566 B3
e+3
 K
C J

t
)*+, -.
/01
j>+ T0? J

(!C 
9 Mj 6'd
j 7566  Z 0kU
 K
C J9|' 
d
b*)
>+, -.
/01.T0? J
 '
(!C 
9 Mj566 T0 
bkkb
 K
C J9|
 Z 0ke
!t*+, -.
/01<+ T0? J
 K
C J9|!(
' C 
9 Mj566
 566  Z 0ke
!t<r+0B
(31T0? J
 K
)*+, -.
/01s6C
 

)*+, -.
/01g /j+ T0? J
 K
C J9|!(
' C 
9 Mj566 T0!p
901

)*+, -.
/01g /j+0B
(31T0? J
 K566 T0!p
9016

)*+, -.
/014M+|4M+T0? J
 K566 4 g

d
k*)
>+, -.
/01.T0? J
|!(
' C 
9 Mj566 4 g
7
C6+|
 K
C J9

)*+, -.
/01
CC |d
kZ 1T0? J
 K566 4 !C
7

0
)*+, -.
/01d
 
k T0? J
 K566
*+, -.
/01g(" 566 +31T0? J
 K
)
.
/01g("  9566 +3B
(31T0? J
 K
)*+, g(" 89:;(7566 +3+0B
(31T0? J
 K
)*+, -.
/01
*+, -.
/01
C +| ( Ld
XT0? J
 Kd
X!C
J 
)

)*+, -.
/01
-|d
> "T0? J
*+, -.
/01g(" 566 +3d
R Ou
 K


 W Q Hd
j
 W` '6 9'
kP8-EinternetFE566F9W566
| b
d
b
@('-
 Einter national net work)
0+ ++7(
C/ 4 d
'(@09q 
C M!

C d
b(
T0+<
p '0
k
9"L
pa
Eserver F`
C 1!3A T9`  (9`C 1P
k '(
!';
C M 3
3Ld
b`%4 |
 j
C +|( 9'`C 1T9
9
0
 
 KEusers F+ jb`C 1!3A
  < 0
9 -
LL566LL b
d
b@('
g PF
 Ewww.angelfire.comWT0f


`C 1 u


s6FF
C6u 566 g(``+(0+?
 
C'Y
P a
3 
C 
9 Mkb( 9'
Wh-   94 9{>j 8-d
b7
b

C/ 4 g' 
j~4" 7  d( 9'
 EE

 
s6(
 V<g(<b
566 g(``+(0F
 Ewww.asoet.org/jaznd/apr//ec.htmWT0f

 09qFF
C6u R 17d
 '(@1'Y
7566 '@('EE(
C/( k  
 d+

CQ` 7EKKKd
Md
'V 3e
Fd+b
 C .`

s6('J ( <  w
Fd
qw P
!C9C zJz < uh! 
"!(EKKK
9e
 +b!-('Q

 9r3 + "'(4
 K!p
C +<|d
+ + jb
 EMF
 Winformation technologyd
b'
1d
bd
<
+3: !`% 
hXW
C6u d
bd
<?
d
<+33  kkb k 9"d
b
  Kd
k d
<8V3
e
 E86-`+ 3 +@F
d
b8-d
b'
u ME 3z>F
1

C0
C0
3
C`%
C<d
b>
0
k (b
 3 r+> 'gQ
3P 
C
 Kr+ed
k !s6 6 'd
(3
;]b+3 P
 E 3z>F

(;:Va-W89< < <>8k1Q


<e  1 L-
V< V'jg u+.8@IJ R(
>:RKZ J
F  s EdK
 

3g 1F
1?E(;:FFZ6u 89+ 3'Y3

C3R+' g>IJa0 .
k<3

g4 9 "++-L|'Y;< 
C|
WhC gk'b+ EE

3g 1F E
, -.
/01T0gk> g!-W
)*+ 
('
1 +11
b+1Wr1<

7*+gkj+83
086
rd
' EF 
"
k3+p
"1tB1MWh-'
d(4
 K
)
Cb
>++3 W
p
q

W86
'b"dk+3d
T0 
eB "
k
3+p )
td
kk|Wh-
C 0g9
'
 Kd

` 8XW+3 
ejP+9bgkj+83

86
rF: >E4 
93 0T0d498RL
P
C Kj

(
W5+3, -.
/01 
e
)*+

' F!C
,Mt 
 KEW

T0`: >+3 t


h-!CW80b

:;(7566 *)
('+, -.
/01+3
 K89
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 WB3
e+0
t!  J
 WB3
e+0
t! u6 J
FE'61F g+T0B3
e+0
t! C+<
 E

pP 'YM
!d
q7  0
(0-E* 3F
Zj 'L!b
1j
 y
C`%d
b!+<
 KQ
 { 6IJgR1gQ
b u >

0JIJZ
93_1+<EF
0h +b7W
61+
 9 
9g_kj .
 7'(bMb7z<a7s

k0
Jg 
C+>7Mb-
C ?+p ':
 KV
T0Mbg<6 907
 B3
e+0
t8jk!IL<ed
9 d
-
F
 Ewww.almdares.net WT0f


 WB3
e
!Cj  J J
Z61B3
e+0
t!1IJEF e@
1+<

-( (
@IJj  9 !+<B3
e '
A

C +<| 9  wEj F(. -z g0
jc+U
 KB3
e
 Cb('37
9F8)+U
 9  3B3
e
93IJd1|B
(3LE
 W
C |R
bdXC b
M!bX!jM7b86
'
{j6
K
ed
qM
7B3
e!IJ
eB3
e`C 1
 WT0f
 
4 b*j6F
Ewww.almdares.net

 W+bIJV 3e
PJdw  J J
T0+hhW80
9 wb-WLwb J1
 3
e 6B3
ed+d
+3T0(
 KB3
e
C( |++dX4 j ' !C 
9 M
(g -u7+0
bIJ?+ChWCbwb-W86
rwb JB
 KB3
ed
q+>u g(<b7+ +< MT0ke7
 
 9hE89 F8 + (wb-W:
rwb J
+ <gQ
3 r0` 9B3
e1: > 9 9 

B3
eWM
`C 1+ jjbd
>gr PL

h-!7+0
b7(d
b!+<7++ a

JB3
e3 j~ 3d
0 ! !7gr9
 K+bg
" gU1g_9' g'
Z61r'+<: >W(T0`M
ewb-W4 wb J

C JV 3e+<3a0g/ML+bX'Y
 (!B31X7+ <V 3e1T0wbh-O
83+bB
'!bT0+9b !d
b
h3j>
g>d
b! 
C VPB31IJIL +

1T00Z9 !'; V
RM.
0JT0d'b
 * 

bP !T0(4{V 3e
 KjM
bP
   9T0B3
e+31+
90F
 Ewww.kuwait.comWT0f

 (9'`C 1Jg  0!C/ B
'
`MFF
!Cj61Bz + <d
"gj
X3d
k d
'(@
 KEE86!
g CP z3+bBz
 E* F

 WB3
e+0
t! +0!9d@
J J
 KV
ag' w
 C< <b 9 ?+-L  J1
 KB3
e
!>
b`  +b0((
PJ JB
.
1
C 0` |`dw !-
jb!-u (+ `J
 K!
 Kg9\
H
C0
(JV
T0V|df@ J
 KB3
e
!6L!C k!<6 ' ( J

++ J6L|< 3 
C
+ V! ZQ
C6 K
6w
 WT0f
 
34  +
90F
 Ewww.kuwait.com
 
 
 

` y Jdd
(3
'@1+37B3
e
 ! W
` y J Jd+37B3
e ! W
VB3
e 7
9C  !+d
qd+3 7Z
 9  9 9 ~gPM
e 
C(6 "
k
 M1
!-1 w: >
-Z< r+e
>7

 '1@
( g (
@ K
<+4+3 7Z 9  g'  9
s6
` 99d|j  W0
CgQ
3  K 9
` y!-1 gd+37B3
e !8-
 W8
 6 9 , .
6J J1z  0
j
6H K

C  9 JBd <;B+-L?  K 9
 J
dkk1e!39wPM
y

 g/M1V<<  K+
(6g < Jgbu z B! K
M J!j z KB
 T0+0
 J
0jj z KB
>F
'8'
bB3
e 9   9

 E www.moe.edu.qaWT0f

d
b'
gP+?3FFWE* g F<Tbh-7
'?3 !7jd
jRb
( 6H 0
z 49

6J z3+b+3 C3 ud1Q
3+ Q

JZ a09qgPjd
jR9
<M80
983+Cb
L
'y(k 3z99jOQ
k
<M80
9 !
 J 9 
b JbT0< "d+gP+?3d( 9'
!CQ1d +b
<M
!06
( d(
 
JB 8'
 KEER

 E
34  * F

 WB3
e+3d
(3 J J
gd
(3
-! 7B3
e+3 Q
pd `9b
! 
 1? -
9'MM99/g r9W<
MFF
C9-1
 P s;*j67rgQ
3T<Z!b
1!b
 
V 
31a 
-3W+ d
>Z.
Y!bZ 

g'

C rB3
e4  |UkVa

 KEE8 (

+(0 ``+(0j+(0 <
+(0F
 WT0M  6 '3+b W! 7566
 Ewww.riyadhedu.gov.sa
z 
k-566 ( 9'a0
k FF1IJM
J
Zk<9b'
1 IJ<jq?a1
gQ
3T0
90 7j~d
+ Mh86
6HV6

7T>(+>IJE86
k@ F
kCMPLgR
k

zCq?a1z .'
MLgQ
3
(
C M!|d
e
 KEE(!C/
 E+ 1+1F
B
>T0!

(
 (9'T0` FFAM(3
bM
J
+<'j '9IJ
y(bB
'IJgj.
O9/ 4 Z0
jP 
0
C('|gj+
 KB'b
4 g
0Z`1'Y` 04 g
7gj?3J
 K4"
0
'j'@ j
1z -?P IJs6
d ; 
8 gj g
t
3+ 7+Q
>
L
 KEE ++{ 9 z9Q
<g(" bV{
 E80g (6F

 W! 7B3
e+3@'
1 J
V+  !90g
B3
eI: >Wj !J1
 K!bggU1! <
 9  3B3
e+
C MWB3
e+0
t!  JB
 K!9+0


C 76`~d
b': >Wd
9+k ZjR  J
 K
e+0
C !
B3
e
4  
+(0 ``+(0j+(0 <
+(0F
 Ewww.riyadhedu.gov.saWT0f
 
3
 

 W566 

` y J J'(@d  W566


031
9
<6M10
3
: >Wd
b1g3
z IJ

PML7"5>+3
+ K566 z 4
ML_?    11
37u(6"5>J+ K
C6
' 5M0
3 JBWd
bWh-1 8u
C g (
566

P!"Z 1Z !3? Z

M14 81
3g3

C IJ  Z+ 56`P


C619/ZPJ,9
5615R 
"5 3 4Z Jg3bT0j K
3

( J+b
3J'YWd
(<3
C 1 + 1


9C 566
(6 (96+b>{3Z9
.
1

P@
15 31+ M

 K
:+e
b+<0b
 Wd@IJ
P (9.
1`C 1
k 
C uM+9
k (9 Z
 j K
 '(@MWZ M d
, 566B
L ' 6
( 
gr  6
a`-<+'
@('
" 566Z('
..<R
kL
. Q
<
 K
d
09q<
'YW @]d
09q7<
 P
@(' t.
<566ML>d
k
'Y
 1!C J,31Z<1
'M1!+ 
""
-

/ K
>F(www.moe.edu.qa 
34  8'
b

!-1 J J` 9bd|@{5 T0+3@('


7566 ! W

 Wd
b
k 7Q
pM J1
 W
kbWh-
r 1
 E electronic books F  6 'V'
 EperiodicalsFWd
+

 Edata basesFd
6
(+0"
 EencyclopediasFWd
03b
 Eeducational sitesFW 9 4"b
 WE `bF@
(b
k JB
 (
@ @g' !C 
9 M
k @
L4 
 W+3
5"*j67!-/>
 


3': >Ee-mailFW86 '+w
R
3': >Evoice-mailFW8k+w  WE `bF@
(b
k J
 W3
 Cj6s;7Va
!Z<a0
>3 Z"+
OV': >W8
'Va
 J
Z 0M
Cj6s;7V'
g
<bO
 jb
 K @
( 
Cj6<


j
-
Cj6s;7
RVa
!: >W8kVa
 J
 K566 a0

>Va
!: >WE QbdbFWkdk
Va
 J
 Kkdk
.pT0
d
k d
b'
+3  ;( g 0
J
MF
 K+ 0! !7

 Ewww.ituarabic.orgFWT0M
  QB
(31 1]
-1IJEWilliam
+F
 W! 7566 +3
 K
.
1~ d
bT0k;8"
r 566 J1
 K80
986!
T0566 +0
 JB
 Kj'g"u 5"3u 


k T0566 +0
 J
1*+7<a r1MT0566 +0
 J
56
.3V'4 
C MM((' 
rt8-566
 ?P
 9  w 566 7+ Z61
9(R1C3
 
+0J7Z
<; B3
e+3 P8
6-FKd
b
 WT0M  9 gQ
3
 Ewww.najah.edu

 W(566 4M
  J J
 r'T0kU566 +hB< <e7
 W
C 4M
b
566 B+1V <d
Cb

 J

 Kd
b4
k
 (!CMT0+ 
MX 
0BV'

 J

K566 d
kd
a
( b

d
bd
<9Cj9 !C+"B

 J

KXb++

P ('bd
b> R9_ <1B!

 J

K566
k
566 P ('bd
6
(V B!

 J

K8`X d(k
T0+>Vjk 9 MB!Cj

 J
Kg"L

K:;(d
z d
C
d
MP B!Cj

 J


939
< !Hd
{ 3(

 J

K++566
(elias dabeet,uses of the internet in the teaching and
 learning of statistics,available at:
 Ewww.najah.edu
 W /61'Y<
4M
9M
H

 K '
15"17566 3! V
1 J1
 K566 a0
kb V
M JB
 KR
Z037V
+ J
 K
kj r1d
P566 M J
f
(
@9 uw1'Y b
('J
7+0

C'! dLJ Q/`C 1(
!KL
93
!`0
J
90
pX3
J! 90
 K(+Qj r'566 MZ f
{ 593L
 
(Wajeb garibi,on the importance of the word wide web in
enhancing the teaching learning process,available at
www.insania.net/ahtm)
 

 W
/1(3
IJ?
/
 K80
9!T04{566 1 J
 K9b1b !431
q566 j J
  + 8hZ a0!T0V
566 +0
 J
 K8<
 K*M
 +e7566 +0
 J
 K Rk+ 'g>7566 !C J
V
(
bf 9g k; 4M7566 !C J
 KW'jM1

  0*+7d
b < 8+9+1F
 WT0M
 Ekict.iiu.eduF

 W566 T0:;(  `
J J
9IJ+ <9  bT0ke:;(B31XJ
|c;(
MKZ :;(g(< T0

u 386 '
 W 
d `bM566 7Mbd
6
(+0"T0+9
d
 8X566 T0Mbd
b+0"1JW 9 J1
T0'3:;(4
 M566

k >
7Z61: >g1
d
('b8-:;(4 ' 1  + W3u 
 
 K<M(< 'L
ke
1
61'566
d
bT0keJW0 JB
j3T>1ga5"IJ
U+"+ < 
<bT0
 KP1IJ('  <
6
566 T0|c;(d
b1R
PWd
b+> J
4  MK+1Z M+kh 7:>
(
C + j

7b bT0gkU1r 
@7 hj
 j
C 0gkU|0*j 
B
 
 KZ 7 h
7 '
1 5"17566
gk1j4 W> J
 KP1 '
11V'b15 (7
.3

'Y|d
< ( w g/j W3Cj kC3 J
 K
Q
<c;(Wh- k3CM7:>
(+0
b
C +3
g"IJ566 T0:;(j'j: >Wj'`P J
 8CMd
Whp(

Cj 
'
jV( 'yj'
10
(a11j' g<6j'+  + -  (
J!Cj'
566 T0>
 E+>86 'F+>68j'
-
 Kz +b4 9
 E !- J 
9r0F

 W 9  97566 d


< ( J J
 W 3+-
b
q7WL( 
4'Y: -
b7+0
  3566 +3 J
8V
Rjf
566 7< d
;jR7 3+-
b
 K`b7d
;jkP+
 L
f@-
b
7+0
  9  3566 +3 J
 Kz  
 Ewww.moe.edu.qa
34  8'
b>F
-
b
q75669 s+Q
jIJ
@H1<
bh-7
d `y 
p
bEpage html homeF1X+3
 3+
, -.
/01V+>
7+Q
jWh-!

h-7++0

.
(*+d
;jk
!C R+Q
MO+3Wh-<
 W8
9 M

'4 J1  +566 9  9
q

7+ K +<b
 JB  -
b++ *+ Oe` 7+Q
'Vhb Kd
 9 J! -
jb`P+
 d
'c+>u Kk
 J
j3 Trbd
6
' H K>
b
 J+3'
 !+ 0h+3 + C9
+ j T080
j
 K
 
 J<' T0.
/'
B
8
9-
<M
g R 
"! -
jb
9r3" K5
F <7WIJ3+b 'V 
31 j F 6*+

+3@('  KE566
( 
q7W86
r W*+
 J+3 7566keT0d
b  b ++
b" K4
 J+3 a``7566+jV 
31 !!

86e<
 K
 J+3 ' g>7566Bjh0 !CQ
s?"
gr -bW Pb76"5 '

!  KZ j
 J+3 7566
<
Zj V  9! -
jb
W

!h K8

+T0a ,3L ]g907566 +3 J


 K 9
 Ewww.moe.edu.qa
34  8'
b>F
 75"17!Cj61;Y1B 0
j? ('3F
@'
1 '@
+b ;
grYa
~1 
P
 90 

.` (k?3
(P  90Jdh'
?3
+0
 IJ
s`j; 3g 
3
"
( 6u
uP80+!
d 0
j! .
6J!?3Z9CM.3T0VXT0V

 E!7r1d
0
3.
/"T0V
4{8C M4
a
 KE
34  * F
!T0!b"(
J``7'(+
@JE* F7
B3u Z

>!bd+"8> ?+-L< +<
V
.17/<V6 T0./ _ <
86


9 g V
dh++C
 P" 7 JZj6V
(

 K
p
 W(b 9
q7W:
r( 
 H, C56
.3 (+ w+<07566 +3 J
 

j3 ( +d+' 
Yh C 1 +1

Jd+Wh-
 ML'Y'y+0wL
C
 K566 7


 J+3 +<07566 + z d


0
9. +d+b
{IJ.
' IJj>
(?+C +wd aT0
{
B  K
 J+3 7566
(<3
d+d7g9

' 1 K
( 
q7W4(
 Wd
b
 J+3 :;( 3566 a V
'Y:
P+d
(' IJ

d `(;c (;
C M:
ke K
C Z
U
T0
  J 
C0M14 4 +'Y: 
C3
(<3
!
 d
C
k03 K(0 
-
  J+b ('   d
, C'Y:H +

(
C Mwd{
Bd
+;b 
y <IJ
+-L? b K
>F Ewww.moe.edu.qa
34  8'
b

d
(3 J~
a  W566
 6 k07b T0f
j6
+> 41+C

6k07
3r5+>1 
b4 7Q
-d

j
e(R1 .` 566 
9C7
3
31
eR
b
'7Z"T03g' +"Zj65MLd
9
F{T0WT
B.
3J7
j+3
+w
'86M
<r  ,w

 
!9sbY
0IJC75".
/"h
 `+L

RH
9<VC'd

 
 K566 T0
H !0
9
 
j d
-
566  80+\!F
 Ewww.moumineen.orgFWT0M
 kb {6566 T0
HE
b>
F+j
1j'Y5"V h  <8CM <Wh-
C +<|
 90d'  Bp1
9
pP ZjZ< <; 
bIJL BpT0(q
6H
M

-
0w 0
9
 K0b
p
'@A h
g9 <Z61{Wk< X566 IJBC
tk<b1
9
K
C
(J k< 0:;(
/1
pg  K+ j P1
!';M
Je1.+ J: > 
(3
 
q566 M
 KZ 9-1Z9 < W+b+ (6C 
C M0wd
<


( 0
9  j
566 >
b>
F
 E www.hayatnafs.comWT0M

C<;1'Y|d
(9"gr566 T0 jb
> Hg
EF!
0`r  >
HEplay boyFMKZ +b566
 K+>(3L7
C
;jR`Q  
Rd
;jR
hz<-b EF
d
Q
k>H+ j

9566 T0Z6;jk
 ( !- 1.
1+ 
0+
z 
!-
901f
> Hb8 + r1
d
3++ j

EF3EFgrd
;jkd
;jRd
,Mr1*M
   >
H

r566 K
(a
8-r+d
3|+
'
 WhpT0 >
Hj
3+>T049+<M. 
0+F*j
 Ez36
6'3

' uh7
0+

(
 >
H
 !C37
7/+0 VQ
kbcP
<(g!Q  KB
k
+(
>
rF
9E `(  F1E5 6 +r1 Wh-
b1 (R1 
-> 
9 Q
 Y B
k(
>
r
. -T0H
 
86+4@1-
tX 4 1
 >
6 >
HB
k
 "PLVhz(kXb 
 
B
k
jaLgM
9
>
jd ed
6


 K
 1:7W(
>r` JF
:E8  ]
FEF
+7E 
M +1(6 
 7!Q B
k
`+ +08bEF(  >
H(6 
7
"
d` <+  4` EF( T6+(6
<(g!Q+0`
C 
(b ( KEF
+(
>F:1Ed
'3+ j EF0+"z(kXb!Cj61
b, C P g("
 !Cj61 K!CY)@
(b

(!QB
k
jaL+<M + + 
>EF3
h-z 
Eg jF+ 7EFd1EFR


ja PRz . -4 +0  zX
(
0
 K!C(+0  
E
6 '*MF7EF3 ' L+Z 1:7
!Q
 C M
`0+gQ
3 

 
C M|.
>L1+
6
< EF( B
k !Q
 C M`EF( d
'9b
 KPL.
>L

 !Q7( 
61+ E'
F7
y37
 KPL.
>L
6
< EFIJEF .
>LWh-gr 7`

>{!k566 w0M+b
> H
Mag 61

 K9 3< Z g
>
!7d
9MLT0 (

-1566 @('T0 >
H4"b8-+<+(0 g F
 Ewww.minshawi.comFT0M 49jT0

3JFW566 4 !C
.
1+ jb
p|a
b 
.
1R<EhackersF9
g(" ++CgQ
3
8 + M
PJ

</b
X86 '+w +P+3

W+wa0+ jbIJg3gQ
3]
-K'(
Wh-a
~EspamF
C63h@
LT086 '
!pX3+ jb
</ T0k< 
C6++0gQ
3
a
~ Kd
jb ++
7V(1'9b
 JV;M
gP
p+!|d
b" +k +<Mh566 +3
9d{eWh- +y++
]-
 d>{
0 k@d
6
T0keg < <  e!C-.
jPJT0

d
bWh-X3
R
!C
>0@
L ++
!Q B
'7!pX3d{e8 + 4 d
< ! s
 EEB
k +";
V{e  d
< (3W566 "
@('<
+(0z 6F
 E 6Fcybrarians journald
('b7
 Ewww.cybrarians.infoFWT0f


566 +3
1<|d
kQ J J
 W89:;( !7
|Q 09qET3b``+(0 +(0F++U
 W 
8- !7566 +3
1<

 W
bj' J
+>1* 3u >7 +Wh-M
bj'J
Wh-* 3u1K! 7566 +3+  QB
(3L
 ws6  d
jRt
-
U'(
 Kd

T0++ 
,(0 /h-
M`C L
 W jg
b J
1MV(gQ
3
3Jjk.
1<
6
IJ+b/
y
e5"7d


CC '
 >
'L!s
C(|d
6
(+<j+" ('
 K
C Mjk|
:;(4"b  k
 

 

 W <+3z9bd
-
J
IJ4 CM*+, -.
/01  ?`h-B
(310
1
+0
6
+3 T0+<+0 1 <Wh- 9-u 80+0
 K
r
B3
e+3

 WX J
7 0
j 
k d
+P+3T3b``+(0 +(0F
 Ewww.angelfire.comFT0M ! 
EF  {
X1566 b
d
>bdC1FF
` '6 Xgrz>7566 T0bM

 8 a ,/(Wh-Kh-8
J E{F
 EE
-<
6Jd
g!<  '
'3H
 g(<b
14"d
(3z  9", ( '
9+9F
 Ew9(3Fcybrarians journalF
 Ewww.cybrarians.infoFWT0f

< V k6 '3'(Wh- 
'
j3
MZ 0
 K` '6 X

 W09b
LIJP+ J
|(
b!-1 83
80
9 8"PL'j LJ
 Wh-M
CM+-1 g 
C> 4 9) 9 d
3b
C 0+

,MT0k* 566 @('7]  @s6


9e

1<|Q!-1 
Mh+3 0j<r  
! <h(6IJ0+|4"bIJP+8-'(Wh-+3
 9 d
3b 5
"h- +;
k9PL
 4Y
9e(
`Z 9
1R
P  4
 
EmadduxFE*
F
"
9< <e'K4"bIJP+
 K
j {8-
-u  0'4"bWh-k> k 

 W:;(E` Fd1r J
 W>k"+ J

+0zr>
(1IJd
@1c;(Q
61IJEglisterFE F
@1
:;(7uPh-
C k +<566   bT0kU
+  h-( g"LT01M 4"
] -189

;EScottFd'31V>'(z +bzr>
(
 K:;(7W
90g(" bT0!'e>k"+
 WT0M 
34  ``+(0 +(0F
 Ewww.angelfire.comF
+37:>
(Z |d
kE3a
0F+
 W566
Zj d
b6
<+3zr>
( +++(+0 J
 K+ <T0 
Z6L

0!{; 38

B3
e+3T0:>
(+"+0 J
 K 6<  '+3
 6'( 'b7 +8 +< 7 M
'<rM+0 J
 K!C+w +
 
 K` '6 XR
P ( 1Xzr>
(<
J+0 J
! s(d
<7zr>
(+ M
'+M+0 J
 K+ (d
b 01
Zr;( kd bQ
 gQ
p
'!1:>
( >J
 
MH
C;jk7d
0
X3
/-
bIJZ 
y
 
 K
C
Q
d
1kIJgR :>
('+0 J
 K
k 1 M ( d@
J
(

'Z0
3
!J: >
: >d
'(T04"b
d' 
6
>1:>
(Z J
d
b !06
4 4"b R kIJ
eCs
 V6:;(d11zr>
( r? 
9
-M|
d

9- (3
bkkb4"bk>IJM
H
h-
-
 K:>
(
 K
C Md
b;RQ
 /M1T0!'e7e J


C'@7>
 :>
(
C
U|Q
g5  J
 K86 '
  d
( d+ `C 1 566 +3j' J
 K
- 6 'd7] @1d
b
 ('k
 89:;(
q7zr>
(566
MJ+ V g/MF
 Ewww.arabcian.netFWT0M
 W566
j+3 |d
k 
 K4 X9 jk 566 J
 K5"4 /
566 (k+" J
 K u>gr g|

/<
] - J
 K"

(d'b + jbZ J
 K9IJ
>
b
kb  J
 K566 T0Csd1+ d
60H J
 K 3
31' w L J
 Wgr  M
Jd
R]
-
 
 K? 566 T0
kb9q J
 KM b
k9+ 7((( / J

 K
Cj@1! 
C r
566 T0
kb J
 K566 T0806!'+   J

 3+bd
('b7566 0:8
<
9T F
   `d


 Ewww.arabcian.netFWT0M
 
4
-heTP1566  @('+ jbT0VZ 0

IJ
C( d
;jkWh-!_ <1Z 0('T0bd
;jk
 W8

Cj u 5
"|, p1bh;jkWh-56
J J
 KZ 
k g(3d!
-6
 K(< @
-56
@
1bd- dJ J
d
60H < +"4 < "d
 ;jkdJ J
 K+ jbd
b!+<-
CM+-


-@
61
Cj "
4 
r+>;jkWh-6

J J
 K!s g'  Jd+ J J d
  
C 
:+;
 K! 3g' d
bWh-+-
 4 
J J

g
< + d
  ;jkWhC 
T0gkU
J J

6 1  
'1z jk IJ
e+ 1
|9_ <d
;jk+>J8-Wh-'1
9>
]-
M
P
 E
F
:. H
C 0
90 4 

 Wg(<b3+ Pd
jR  J
 W8
9 Mgr9

0+  Jg(<b'"
T0keT0 ?
b
1
C 0 Kjb
' J"
T0!h K8
 
 

C Y Jd 
k
M
<4 gPL>Z
/+ j
 K
C
' J"
T0 7493d
(t.
M Kg9
' J"
T0 
PCbe Kg(<b
' J"
T0Z-T0
je  K
' J"
T0 g9fjg9
<U
t86f
 KM
b
' J"
T0<+(_
.
%< K
+yF+(0f
p
9r0'
 3+FWg(<b"4
 ub E
 Ewww.ksu.edu.saFWT0M

+0J J ! 3+bg(<b(k0'


 W
J +3
'43@(' 566
1 bIJ
g-h743 9 
9 91<a7.!b!
\
M7
C 1++ <a4R: >k<a8-!
T0+9 + 0b z C!b!bg<6T0
JMb

Cb  <Q
3 d  ' 0 09  K Q
 Vh1!b1V0%+< +k
+Z67
9+d
b
>
@ 3'
B
< 83+b
gQ
3 h  9<d 

(Pd<K Y


-+0J
C9 9k 9  9 %T0`'W(RuM
 K
p
9_ <
C  +
M Z6T00
 + 0! 566 k07!b(Q
6F
 Ewww.najah.eduFWT0M
 Jd
(3
eFkd
<T0V+IJ
z9bg'MFZ 0
 `C L4 g
!pT Ed
b '
Jd
k
1sOke.
1?jkgP.3B 
r+e
 W 
d
7
RkP
C 
P1 9
 K 0
M.
j' +bQ
3+3 J
 K+ j+-
 
  J
 K 0
M.
j'  0
j4 g
 J
 W 
d
jRb
g(<b3+ ! k1V
 
!  907r+ed
<+3T0'"
1 J
 K!
 K<Q
M <0d+< 491 J
 KZ a
d
-

49 J
 K566 T0 9 d
;jk6 !9kT0
_+ '1 J
P Zkk kdd
0bjkT0'"
1 J
 Kd
b@('
4 0
jb
j 9 9  9JT0'"
1 J
 E
34 
9r0
p+(0f+yF ', (
 Ewww.ksu.edu.saFWT0M
d
-
+>W
(0'Y !+6
  38V3
e+F
 KjZ
6J!b.
j 4M!b+0J7r+e

 W 
<

MV6
h-7WB3
e+3'Y
8V3
e+0
t! 3
9b9.
<Hf


h9 9 B
LgQ
bg>89 e
 K 9 d
<7B3
e+3
 W
C !b+0J7r+ed
-
V 
3L 
 K.L' 9.LB31 J
 KE!sC F!sg T0!Q
<B3L J
 K8<;'!

T0!Q
<B3L J
 KEbF 9  sbB31 J
 Wz9b fRJd
-
 
 Kz9b 7-
b 
J
 K! C zC J
 K:;(d

 zC9d
PJ J
 Kz9b
  !d
4  "
J
 ET U>FK4
bd
-
g/M1 
j3 J

 Wd
b49q

 Wd
b49q J
d
3
9b +b6L4 d
b49{t+k<

6Jg9
9r3
9 s6

6Jd
b
(b
 M
H

C
q
C{-
 ?PT0:;(61d

 
g9
9
C
 ?PT0
' CIJ
 
/1

 j <r 9 ?+-L +Z b u 0+ HC


 K < (
k W7+9h49FFZ6u d
b49q?_0
T0+9Z611EEV 3e
k d
' @d
bT0 3
31
++ d
+P
3!/|E'j
< F(Z 9

'ju@! s1 
bT0
<79b `4
 K80
R .
h
k V 3e
86
6Hg<
 f9
4"d
(3z  9", ( '
9+9F
 WT0f
 w9(3Cybrarians journal
 Ewww.cybrarians.info
| 0
9
k" , (Z6u FFhd
b49q?_
7
t++d
k d
b< gr L+3 (
T04j!9 
0

Cd
<Wh- T566
d
b< +3r 1K Cb k!C
>7ML
 0
9 d
+ !g9: 
C
q%d
k
 K
-8 'e
C 0
M 9b; (]k
  
CbIJ
/1d
k d
b< 4M
 +
9
 KEE (abgX|Xk
49q4M+ 9 "JW  g90Pg jW< F
 E <b7d
b

 Wd
b49qOQ
kP J J
 Wd
b{
j6 J


6H M
<r 9
C
3 R
bd
95;(R1: >
{ 6(d +t9dhP1|d
b7Q
-
<M+Z 
 ++d
kkCr+e < 9d

 
 K0
RIJd
b
6J_
 W8-++0-
s d
b{j7'bWh-h
 K'j>{!
7('9 J1
 
 K'j
5 JB
 K
p
'@1+d
b
k  J
 Kd
bT0+9bd
9sbd
9 J
 Kb!sd
b  `'
J
 K!pXbd
"C+ jbd
,M+ J
 K86 '8
 J
 K+bd
3O < J
 Kd
b"
7<>{!+ `J
 Wd
b49q7:+;B  J
 3d
b
( '
61zr>
( ++: >
7

b0ZM`0d
b49q7
6HBIJ
1-
s8
M
0(IJ Lgk+"49
*j
<r+<M7B h-+-@+{K5
k
 ++5>+"V 3eL
6HdwPg T0<
 KLT0z
qIJz
zjb
d
kCP :+;8-P1-
-
sWh-g
<
dw743T0
90:+; Xg(<|d
0
9
gQ
3a01j1<
6 a0.3 6
6Hd
k
 Kr+e
k
 W Rk++ 
L J

`P
 Rk++  
1++'
5M
1: >
a0d
bWhpR 6
' J
0d
b
3
] .
6JT0V 3e+< AMh K
k d
'(@
!C
 7ML RkPg1Z6u@ 9/d
b
 K("bd
, p1d
! T0
Mj k
T0 P  a
++C
k TM J
 K
k  7!';d
k d
b'

 49q 
1OQ
kP+
08jR8'
b g(qF
 
 WT0M d
b
 EAmzri.jeeran.com/archive/L.html
 
49{tb'j
T0Z0a+ E+(B
FO
 Wd
b49 
OQ
kd@bd
b
 Kd
b
k"IJd
0
k
k" ; J
1g
8b

k" IJ8 <1a
k" ; J
 Kg
'b
 Kd
b
6JIJkb44Q
/(
6J  ;J
 K -h1 <<IJ 9<+3 ; J
56
1+ 
k"83
31> +k9d
bC J
 K80
k
k" 7
6
k0
8b
bT0+ (d
k d
bd
'(@C J
 Kg"1j'r10 d
b MLd

>( 

+ (d
k gQ
3 +<bd
b
'
6 J
+bR

d
3b7
C +3r' g'
 K
- M
< 3
3 0
9 d

?+-1 <;
b
{ 6E@
(b a<Y+Fd
<%7
b1+( C J
 Kd
9eM+
 KEMZ 9
9Cb1FCbb1+( C J
 K` IJ`b<
 6 J
! <(
b<7 >!C kd
b+ ?0 J
 K 9 907
-49{9 M
<r
49q7
-" { 3J
9r3 90! (
0 J
 Kd
b
 WT0f
 d
b49qOQ
kP
0Tjk 8F
 Ewww.ju.edu.jo

 Wd
b49q
  J J
P EEz
! FF
-+>
9d
b49
 ]
 W8-d
b49qT05 1|c
Ld
3+
<+k d
b'
Z M(kW8 '
b J
46
kbV
'b7d
bd
< (43
6c+U 3
3L
 K
b !
 
 
 
t.
< 3d
b+uW80
9 
b J
d
 R

f
d
bV3
e80 b
 K
 0 T0

.383
31
k"g
d
bwW
k" 
b J
M
/b9 <+k91 +1
k"9
 K
9++ M+k9
 9 IJd
b>W83

b J
_+ 
-
9g(" w1
 P  3

 K1
J
 'b
>Fd
9 M
<r?
< !0 W7
<r
b J
6
L8 0H+k kd
6
(>T0e'j


kg 1 ! <Wh-P EKKK 9
 K.3+>T0ML8 <
d
+-4"W8 d
b49q`+9+1F
 WT0M b
 Ewww.arabcin.net/arabic/nadweh/authors/anzawi.htm
 

 W8 8
bd
+ J J
 
b< b
Cq 78/ +JW

+> /< ?

9-d
b'

! < 
 >
( +d
b!>d
b
 KZ6+  
b0:+e

7e<M13ub4hpj ]
-* 

e
"+M 
bZ
0 T0W+ *'6+"8 
 1-d
b<
0T0e
 90+z 49h
, (M
 9 ;MP` 7 
 bd
0 4/

 `-'3{ 
Md
9gC4M+
9|
 IJ5"4 
pU
C0
 bd
0 V k++@
.
6J 
, @\P1
( KEd
<
 M 
F
r'<
CP+ d
 +  
9 d
 d
'(@
IJR>za9M6! '
g7566
66
 @
( 
k +QM!-1<'(T09 "dd

 



9q

/" +P7d
b
'
M
j c+
(
C/ T0;j jb49d+>d
0
"'
 M
j@33/d
b
C 
9 M(
u g(<
RH
 b0:+ek P1
( f
 KeT0
 KE 
+9
F
|<
T0
90
6H><9sbPL<
9MFF
+3>+76
+C EcnnFEbbcF
-+k
 < 566 4 5
 <b1z(
7566
 '9b8jMK4b"(b
kb:> j
!
+ w97C9{>
 566 5;(R1r  J
Pdd

-w|b(
3
9 <gQ
3M
J
 <  
Rd"+0d+R
d
"PL (1T0
60

566 8 + g `J1W
C {;
*Y
g
C9s611+

gT0|d
b
K'9b
+9b 3
 +d
r(.
31+.
3 
566 T0P+> R++{ 566 +P +<  <JB
+3  `jg { " <+  
w  

>{
1
C J1
C R
1
C JR
|
+8<Q
g{3+0A  + +<  <JK
C061d
jb
"
1z Q
C+ jb0
@d
 T0g986'

C    Ld
C+`566 T0P+
R
d

e
 KEE L`J
 WT0M 566 +(3
R+9+1F
 Ewww.arab-ewriters.com
 (C M
 b
q78/ C!s JW
6

b
-
C0+( '
C
C6AM! + H
 K8 k'j 3
 E
34   
+9
F
 WT0+
-k>Vk|d@b 
 
7M  g'
rEF '
9db+0
 |  9d
3b+0
+<M83bbT0
 
+0k"
9 3 EF
0
rEF r1d6
*T0:EF r1d6|  9d
3b
 K<Md
3
FjP ' L+;bd
 7{bP d. +0
 ;(EFW +((EL J
 d
HEF3EF
90EFLEFk EF
 KP. EF
-+>g Q3J
9 9 EF
 g'
bW+  :>
E{F3b7M
 K +(7
 <M? 0

 +<b+7{
a   g'
MEF]
-
 Ka   g'EF

 E{F {
:;(T0 +(Z<j

 +<b+(7
9  JP+  (Wh-d
j J8 <
+(7:;(! `s h-KEIJ{Fz f
Wh-B
V( 
9r3 IJ:
6g;u C  
dw
?bB
V( 1R1
C

9-0d
C 
  b '
6L
 <
d
6
' H
 KEE  6
6H 9<FF
 W 8 8 < L
(
dP1d
] @-
7E{F +(7:;(
q7z
(6 J1
g Q3J11g Q3J7 '
EL7{Fg
< L
 K?
1 
 B w1(6
g Q3J7
Cjk6  k6
< 7566 dR5X  JB
 9g Q3J1+{3
(0 z '
+0
6hP1AM
 K
jz( dR B w1
899q E{F8 89(6( J
j+
-EFg Q3J7(Wh-(z>78b

 K
jz('
+ 6
< BT0g Q3H
 KE(
0
 F
M
<IJ <b7 
bd
0  ++<jW
r

+>b T0-
sWh-Tj]b 
 +>+gPd
0b 09 ( 
 

 `g' + T0 


9]b 
 KT0w>
b5|

9 M1+>+gP.3 
 b 9C W
 
g9T0+<8-
 +>786
 +z
z g90d
">j >
]jd(
bg-
80
9
4/% b 
-
C6u 
jR'YMLd
09
C+>"jbd+<49
0
90*3
C  +0<
, 4k  ?+-L Rjbd
C7'b

C
0 "0+ Hd+<jd(
b6 (3

 K
p*9;
 KE
34   
+9
F

 W

 <rbOd
 J
@'
1M
!*+ !CFF
C6u d
bM
<'6 ?
1Z ` Md
bM
<r 
j O'8'd
b
k
+"
6< 'jdLWh-g+ T
bW+U
g
d
C <
J{
d
bM
<J
-M|d
b7
+>J
Ck
9EE'jg ;d
C IJ<+ 
d
9 >
B
(31M FT0`'d
bM
<d
3+
M
<rgrKE
C g
 j M <M* d
b
k
g'8CM
e+ !Z0T 
3
31 
b
 K! d
 M
!d
, g7d
kk
 W8
;T0

 <rbOd
++'Y
 K bd
b+ ?T0+< J
 K.
j0  bd
9R J

 Kd
b
kb+"
 < !J
 K b
Cb \
.
j' d
b+3 J
+3
(b 0
9 66
<
k"

/<

bH J
 K
-
k d
b
 K "P1 66
"< d
b+3 J
 
e<7d
bM
<8 `0
-F
 WT0f
 E
FCybrarians journal
 www.cybrarians.info/journal/no/open.htm
 

 9"{j 0
9
k" d
0+ J J
 W
6 T0
 W<: >E
 1
3F:>
(IJ@u3+
Q0%1'Y d
b49q7 9"{jJFF
49q17d
b s 1: >8 X8 k

k" 0
kd
q7R
P49h-8"+ *'
gP8 X49z01+ Z("
-
0g' 
'
 KEE8 
b
0
Pz@
 E
 1
3F
+7d
b49;.
k3r1d
Rk61


Ck|g ";hpR16
9b (g7 
 K

9
k _kP 
w +
 W
6 T0 9"{j 0
9
k" d
0+ 
gr  +d
"
j 4 8 
k" ' 6
' J+0 J
 Kd
X


k" 1
k"IJ ;6
' J+0
k" J
 K8M

 K8 'j`689b
j J
 K
4 gR8 '80
j J
 K8
b
k" <j+>+ `J
+8b
'j4 g0
j+0P ?b'j 
J
 K +<b++><
L
 K8 _
<Rz d
b(
kd<B
 J
 K497 
b M
jB
 J
7
(3
yjbd
/ez 86
6H
k RB
 J
 K_
/>{j
p{jWh-

  9"{j
' (k>
p+(0+9F
 Ewww.ttc.edu.sa/research/res-.docWT0f

 

s     L-


s   J J
 W8

 
C+>5jP
C
(3150   L d++<
 W
p
 

"W
(0'Y
yPIJ8 0+ 
 

 Wg93 !z 


Z(@
kj6 J
83
31Z_ 4 TM
g90! 
kj6JW8
 s 
9C < <>g-
{g9P !-d
bk07
Z J1'Y
j!+ T0
'+"1
-
j
g>7 9d
3b9-
 +0K++ 
' !

g
b 9| 
CC
1
<Q
0+491Wh-Ts
+<
d
3b'
 7b
b!0<
d
 3
(  0T+>J7c{++ k07 Kd
b

+0 J'
MM ! W
 hUW8
 s( 1
6'7 (9 !
j 9 _ <(aCIJ RM
pf
(z!
+3
' (9
(   h-e

''Yg
<b
1d
bV7
3
31 <
d
+
.  9 +<b
a
9
 K Q

+ J 
d ! W
 86
6  j ! z( !
k9F
(
E .
 1zBz9 <b.
 1B+  7
9F+M
 E"1+IJP{
g<>7d
+ 7 9"5
d
'>Z MTh+` +<  +<bZ +d
3b
 1 P18CM 9]-L. {
 K
 + W8
 s1+IJd
M
<rE< F
d
9  gCkP"7
C"5
h+eZ M
4d
6
' H> +
749>d9e+k+`X
7
<r1IJM
J35j T07
<rd
9 
j' 3
1
< <>
<Q
0 C.
>Jf .
96< 8>+
 b -
C'd "
k' d
+>JF
k(
 KE
80g (6F E J
!-19MFF
QT0(bd
br '  6
 

"
k

(+

>
9+<MWh-+`b

-
( 
q7d
0
k|+3
97 
0 
90M
r
+dk07Q
jg9k P Lr ' 6
+C +>Ac
q7B<6
kd
0
k+J +<b1 
b"(+<z1r '+k  6;0
RIJ
h-
_h-7M<d
0
R
C (k 
d
++eVk+
-M7+ +<b
C 0+9
90
( LV"T0g9 3h`b
( 
k+ +<b
h'-AM `
d
0
Rd+X|
(k3+ <
?56

C M
rd1d 
 g' M Jh-
gkU
9
 Jd@1+|{
g-'"+d
Pa KEE 0
F 66 E

`0 J?+ 0 ! W


 +W8
 s !+>J9bd
97  3
3L
k0d
b+0_ 90d
9 +>JQ
1 3
3L
+0J<
-_ 9, (
M_ b@ 9za83
31
'
d
b
7+M

9q  K

+0 J 0
M(;: W89
3.gP

1d+-
b 90Z
kj6g
b 9|

d
0
"
C 86
6Hd
+; IJ


!s `

C9C T0  9
jJ 
C9C(; r
6JMbM
J++
+(.
9d
r' (9
q7Z 3+C 
X 

!s6V Kd
b
 k07W8
 s+Cd
b

7
3
31 d

C9C ! /(;
C9Ct6
<  r  9h-+Y
t Z

IJ!
g(M
8< 
9 3T0V(;:789
49q Kd
b
+<M JZ
3 7Z<49  W 9
(+ 
 
C 0 .
r3IJ6
/e
 
HIJ 3+b<
  9
 3 g -uz3+b

- ! IJ`(;: K89
 
 
"7g 1]
-* W8
 sWh-+ d
3b
-
<
k07
C  bd
b"
--
<d+<M+/

U L
"IJ
-+6
- _ d<
d
 3 M
<r
KK Cb K
-

 J
p 89 W!/

s6+ M <!Q


9"F7Z
 8`
!s gj
9E


9q -
s(
C ++0++(

1M<b"g
"+dz+01
C 9`0?0zg91CbB
+01(  >g !83
3L+0"++bT0B
 3
+0L`b +{ 6B9'
86 L /h
> g++ IJ L >>> 
 

6J+C6W8
 s 789"Zj65h
"1Z M.k07d
91T0d
bM1.Wz9b +

k07  d
b ` _ 1C +)1W: > (9

 0hP+k07WhC d
b+0L Q
p Kz L

% J-
ba W*+

-
4 
-  j;z<B31"
W8
 s 
dXKd
bk0 |9
b!/7b{
j6
d
C  9g L<!b7 9 
bg k+!M!9C
++
?b+ 
C<(3
t
C g 
Cj 
C 0ke
 '9  

1++<'j  '9 +
 KEE 
37
<r`XdC 
 E J
34  80g (6F
8 0g .
 FF1T0Eja+3180F+4 +6
-

g g'
b+kC bT0"
+<6
gP+h- gP+' +(
/e
C_31_/C6
V: >
jaLj
01Z M { 3H<b 6
 KEE
C
6J
/e.
 7
b61+(61
 Eja+3180F
 WP4 7<
  j

/e.
(W
7
LC  r' +  FF
 
 K+{b _Mbrd
"
 ];!d+<
T0Z+"('496
1
<Q
0<+ <
 M
d
( kd
b
<M Wh-.
 
0J + 6
 K+e+ 
bk0
gg_j|_+< 8-49
-+| +e
 M
_ +>d
jRt
6H.
 W
7>
bd
6
' Hd
"

Vbg<b+<'j'*7T{ +<
 'jT0+<
  0 + kh+80+ H
 
C -s

+ gQ+ 0:;(-s+ >86


bMhg<-
 K" g7
P "(a<Y+'*" !
IJT|
 C6J
 KEEdh< 
 
 E
34  ja+3180F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 W


CR
j M

CJ
C<Qa
C
3
y
C9s   J
  1  '
H
 u 
C6u 0
{ <61 '
H

d
1 
-
IJKKKK M
<r 0
9
k" d
L

d
g' k +M
( '_g  
"6g"
 Kb

_61 Jk

6k +C 
+Ch4"h-4


1 '
Y,bg0
jg9

0

6
' A
 Z/C6dL
{ 4"R
b7hr18 04"P
 Kd

 (r14"
 KKKKK 3
3'j
k"z 
 
 0
-
 K++
9q(6Z" V>g
g<+<6  0+ J Kr+> T(6+  z 

CC  T0<
Z'b+;bk
6H.
(d
"

 K
C %

 0
6 + 
9s6
J{
-
 T0g96
 K 
T0
90
P
/>>7Z gP+6P4 j6
 b
 b!s Z9
t Mb'

 KK
 '1 Q
+\
0
 KW+{3 Jr10
{  J
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 <
d
3+
 W d
3+W 1

+(0@
9 
.
M8U0>F3 J
 E J
0``
+)``+(0b
7
d
3+d
(
a+3FW 
 KE 6'Hd
b
kb
T0
d
3+d
(
a"(
J+  "
JIJ3+Wh-5M++(0b
)`b('b
C +<| 6'Hd
+
b
)
d
3+d
(
a+34"T0? JK``
4M+IJ? JK 6'Hd
b
kb``+(0
d
b
k +3 
d
3+d
(
a4M+|B
(3L
+ 
 d
3+d
(
a! <IJ? JK 6'H
!-1IJ? JK 9!C

>@(
H
kbZ<<h.
j
!C +3P
d
3+d
(
aZ |d
kQ

1z7!-
d
>< IJgR JK 6'H
k9
 K``+(0b
>)
b 6'Hd
bd
+P

+)``+(0b
)d
(
!"T03+Wh-dk"

d
3+   |d
kkt
C
4 9)
 jbC
,M4 9)
d
3+d
(
a5
Kd
(
 +<b
 83+gkj73+Wh-5EW
 F
 K

! 9k :;(M
"K8;bCbT03+Wh-d+90
4 3
93EF4 30 6' 6
(3
 W3+Wh-Z J5R
!-1KEF
C
!C K
y + ` '6HX+  M1 {1
` '6HX+ E{F1K
y + P1d
X+
F13  + P1d
X+ EF1K3  +
 K ` '6 X!C
J E{
 + M1 E{F13+Wh-Z J5R
y
 K566 + E{F1566
 IJ3+5R566 +3|B
(3(

 

6
`b7 +M+0
C +3 j M +01

e+0 6
r(b

C 566 +3+LV(
 566
 K
C +3 5"M+0!566
e+08u+ 
 ?+p566 +3B
(31!-113+Wh-Q
6
+3Z IL +
d
3+d
<b0:;(-
C +3

q7d<> !
+3 W+ 86 '+w
gRZ db! 
d
kb0:;(W+ Ok
 KPL +
9r0M+b+0<0:;(!P4

(' !`b
566 +EF13+Wh-Q
6
P1566TC< ! 8V3
e `7+

 K. `1.
"+RL+>1`9P1
1
 90L566 +3 d

b5M|B
(3L!-1 
7d
b+>('b7
kbM+0W8

56

17566 +3 6
' JbT0ke03566
 K5"
 E J JP8U0>F
FW E
0(-
0
68
w .
0F3 J
  j+b7 u566 +3| d
k
 KE
!bZ |d
k8-
W8
-83
3L3+3

  u566 +37 j


z9b  04 
<bB31T03+C 7
r>
(+90
T0d
<bd+90566 +37!CM d
jd
9b
y9 
9 EF '3+ 0K>j Z(@,31
 W8
3+Q
6!-1K
-
/"+ 79
L566 +3 |d
(< ++9b
 W8
9 Md
(<Wh-O 
 K566 M+0 J
 !C6u d
9bz9b fR: >g -u7g
  J
u d
9b+>Jd JK566 1B3
e+3M
 7  -ud+
!C61T01 J!C r1MB
 
 K
h

 K (d
C 8j
`e J
 K` '6HX' 9+0 J

" '-
9M
H
K566 d
6
' A 80+0 J
 Kj!0+"
(3
b LMW
C9-1d
R 093+5kP

Cbz  +( !3>Z  !7566 
 566 +3d
"Pu 804M566 +3
b
<b L T0./.
<A 3+Wh-5R1
9
g-Ld
C 566 +3(d
C 3P
.1T0+83 7566 +31:h
d
k(-
0
68
+w .
0FK
bWh-7(
M   j+b7 u566 +3| 
 W T0
Ewww.najah.edu

k +3F E
0j P
+(09F3d
C33Wd
bd
('b
q7 6'Hd
b
 E d
+d
< 7566H
kt  b

kt  bd
C3H!0'IJ3+Wh-5M+d
('b
q7kkb d
+d
< 7566
7566
kt  bd
C3H!
hd
b
+ MbK+ <PL
kb
  bd
C3 g
<
K 9!C
3!C7566 +3T0Bzr>
("(
J
 W8
3+Wh-+>56

7  bd
C3Hg 
W 0b+e J1
 Kd
bd
('b
q7kkbd
+d
<

7d34 1Pbd
<b3+8XW  `+e JB
 T> j
c;(7d
C3H3+8XW 0+e J
T0g9 |d
<bbd
<b(
3J4 <Md
3+
 K
(PL<
V'0(
3J   d
C3J
 
X B0r>

C(|d
<b3+8XWX+e J
 KX0s
 d
+r18-kk  90d
4 1
P+"
8
H+ +"K89;' !4/%d
++"1
6
F
C d
C3Hg ! 3|d
<b+0 <
EFd
<9
 W8

:>
(
C JgR|Q
OK
< E
EFg
< 566
d+C3d
<b EF J
 566
+C

C3EF  bd
C38
H+  J
 P1d
 
kbEF
9 566
kb56

C
zr>
(c
1d
37566

C3+ `g ]
- J
 KB
7566
+C33+!C9@hzjb  EF J
Fd 0 g"1566
+C3!C EF!C
<
 E F r1566
+C3!C E
F+ <
kb r1566
+C3zjb EF
Wh-Q
6 Kb!p
9014 7566
+C3!C E
F56
'M
(<h 
C +Cb 
kb(613+
 K<ME

OPL
bh-7d
3+ ++. A :>
(8R
d
qT0d
3+Wh-gr . A 43 
gQ
3
 Kr11z
qz 6
< d
3. JPLd
kk%
 KE Jj P
+(09F
'(@+31F E
0 3M
e+(0F3 J

M>jb+<(
83+g k;8"566
 E! 7B3
e <7
7566 ('@+31M  JWIJ3+Wh-5M++<
7! 7B3
e< (83+g k;
 K
M>jb
+<
7! 7B3
e< (a* 1M  J
 K83+!C k7
M>jb
 

(ag k7**+<ag0
j1M  J
 K! 7B3
e <7>jb+<

7! 7B3
e< (a4  3+49q'

7z{bEF
8j kgkj7>jb+<
49qw0(
aEFE
(
aFE(
a
(
aF!-+0
 K
Cj6 3+
 W 
Q
3+5kP
T08'8
e37 Q
k>J dM J
53|098-F
/09
k8 k;(
P
E
<
+ < !
<7B3
e <
 K


k Q
k>J 8'8
e37M J
 K83+g k;7c
6H

b0<az g0
j
k Q
k>J 1  J
 K*
 W 
d
R
3+5 P
7566 ('@+31>d
3+ +`b. J J
 Kjb 3+g>b7 9 d<b
+ 0! 7
C
+Pg' 566 ('@+3 !9 J
 Kh49q7
Pg'
 KE 3M
e+(0F
4"FW E J
0`0 
R+ +(0F3 J
 KE(

"
ag(" 566 @('+3
 W 
,3L0
HIJ3+Wh-5M+ 566 (

"
('a+34" 
J
 566 (

"
('a1
 J


(a+566 0d
9  Q
kb 
J
 "

+
"

(a
CC |d'b
  J
 566 !('C +3
 3+49qu8jRCbT0Z37:>
(+90
 W8

P566 +h(
 

{ W
"
 )

d
'
 J
3+hK V 3+p 
k"
 KM
9M 6
r


E
93FT0
C gk>E
93F4 :>
(
"
T0:>
(gk>1 bd
b7('O<
C 53+(3
 K0bd
6
(3 8
J E{F
 W8
3+Q
6!-156



(ag(" 566 ('@+34"(
G
 W"


C +3g<566 ('z +br1 (a
F566z +bh(61PLd
'
((
 ( E{FE{Fc
6H(6jE{
z0
3kk( E{F`b
566  +P7
 +( E{F1566 +3 
ruM
(
C +|:;(d
!-1(3L
1 a566
 KIL(b7 '-
 3j68(1:>
(+ W(
-|`4"bk
1G
 
- r1 9  94"bT0

(a+566 0d
9  Q
k9(

1G
 W
"

 8-;kB3
edq. `.
"+RL1:>
(+
.
z>79Q
<1T08T0d.
J
kbWh-!-1

kbd.
<db9Q
<37
bh
3L
 K9Q
<P7PL
 W566!C +3+(
CC |d
k(
G
E{F
k 7.(8-d
k 11:>
(+
(3
b4"b++d' !566 5"7
>
X56
d
kg"1 +bV 3e
d'

|d'9P+ ]
-1:>
(+
9KE{F(
d
(J R
C9-1 "PLd'b8-3+M1
C 86

4"
 C9/|d
9(
'j 'b u><
!-1K5 66 T0
H-
 7'(V(566
 d
R
 
(
566 +3>< f1W: ;(
C JOP|
 9
"

d
t;<h(g'
, -.
/01+Q
j (+d!s1h L
C
 K*+
 KE J`0 
R+ +(0F
d
b1F E
0-+ 80  F3 J

q7Bzr>
(T0566H('@T0>
b 6'H
 KE

3 J  bd
C33Wd
bd
('b

k 
< 9Cbd
3+V6  
9C 
(6
3+Wh-8X
zr>
(T0566 ('@
C; | 6'Hd
b
 KR
Pjk d
bd
('b
q7z Y
L
zr>
(g(" 
kbWh-+3+ M IJ3+Wh-?+C
  b!C
C3g T0
9089
h-7B
kk  90d
537b!C
1!C
< 9

9ET>F jPd
bd
('b
q7
 K
kbWh-OQ
kP!-1T0?IJ3+Wh-?+C
T0<h  bd
C3 g B31:>
(+3
Wh-u
<'j
6H ! <g 7 Q
k>HV 
3L
 K
kb


ktd
C3 (61IJ3+Wh-Z J5R
!-1
8
J EF8>5X 566 T0>
b 6'Hd
b
 3+gd
C3
d
b
ktd
C3 +07
`3  

C3 (65X E{F8>566 T0>
b 6'H
(6T6+
9 EF8>` '6HX
 +<b
kb


C IJgk X

C
+<|
kb

C3
5jP
C 
C3 (65X : > 6jX

kb
+<|566 T0>
b 6'Hd
b
ktd
C3
>
b 6'Hd
b1 -+ 80  FKd
XWh-X
Wd
bd
('b
q7Bzr>
(T0566 @('T0
   bd
C33
 
 WT0M
 www.kau.edu.sa
.
/01+3F E
089 >33F3 J
b
)d
(
!<  M(( d
b
kb*+,  E

3 J``+(0
*+, -.
/01+3+  <;IJ3+Wh-5M+``+(0b
)d
(
!"7 M(( d
b
kb
 +6L7
+3
kbWh-r1M P 
*+, -.
/014MT0?IJ?+C
9 r;(
 K
C +3 C
>+ 
kb+3
wd3Ok
<M+3 !{>3+5
+"
  9 +*+:;(7

 K
kbC +3 g<|B
(3LIJM
J
6
(3 a0d
6
(58;bCbr>
(5 +3
h3+8'49T0d
6
(3 r>
(50+"
<b
!"7d
kkd
'M
7/0EFWM1+0
5
" 
9
93EF bd
93 +0 d
(


kb8j+3 !{> +u/0EF
<tr>
(
 K M(( d
b

kb8j+3 (6
j03+Q
65j+"
Q
dC1
9*+, -.
/01g("  M(( d
b
6L
<
4M+ 
kb +*+, -.
/011
/1
C61/
9 +6L7
pC +3 r1 r;(
IJRPLd
b
kt 6
<  " + 
C +

j !T0*+:;(7
C{U|d
b
 K
kb+3IJC
>(6

kb 61+3 "
/13+5;1
9

<M
kbWh-+37

j3+dC1
9 M(( 
 K*+, -.
/0L 9 +wd3Ok
, -.
/01+3"IJd1B
(31+0]
-13+5 
9
gC31a 
C +3 RW
C9-1 
kb*+
 *+, -.
/01M +0d
bIJR
 
 K
-M 
d
<+3IJ
eW
C9-1 d
R+03+Wh-06
 d
(
"!7d
b

 M
 + 
kb
C X |d
kk  
d

> 
<b M(( d
6
(+0"d
+P7]  @
 Kd
kkM
' *+, -.
/0L j
d
b
kb*+, -.
/01+389 />33F
 WT0M ``+(0b)
d
(
  <!M(( 
www.kau.edu.sa/postgraduate/resultall.asp?page=&rec
 s=asubdept=sddept)
F E
0
93Tjk +Q
0>
{
F3 J
566 +>+X 
73+p( |a+3
 4"
 E`b'(bL
73+p |(a+34"3+Wh-5M+6
|d'b`b'(b7566 +>+X 

F b
d
b@('P r+ed
bT0ke7
C
 KEinternet
5rd
bd
6
(4d1 +0
903+Wh-7
+>
<d{3hz;(b(T0h(
3

.
1d
b0:;(7(]zr>
(s>bM
J566
 W
C9-1Q
 +0IJ3+Wh-5R+"K:;(M
{ 7566 ('@ +h((61
7IL(bT0.
9 '!"gk>!p8'9
56
'M3+p 7 +b
1E{F( +3
 K(8'9 E{F!C(6
T0ke-+3!-11IJh3+5R
M
<rMb83+<b
3Jc;(+0Hr+ed
b
 KOk
q7d
 


5r(g(" 566 +3|d'b!-1


1
 
/M'( d
b
37.(+3 j
j

 
(@
1
9'(79C 4" T0P+ 6
' J+00

yrd
"17'(: 
<6
5r9C ' IJ

>FK566 ('@T04"b4 g
7!p
33T0
 |(a+34"
93Tjk +Q
0
{
 T0M `b'(bL566 +>+X 
73+p
 Ewww.librariannet.com /afli /abstracts.usp
 <+31(F E C (
]+9F3 J

3 Jd

7*+, -.
/01g(" 566
 KE

 <+3(8 8jR:!+<IJ3+Wh-5M+d+>d

7*+ , -.
/01g " 566
 W8

3+  Q?+-L
g
 d

9- *+, -.
/01+
T0? J
++ Jd

7566  <+3

9 M

C +3
*+, -.
/01<|566 d
< (
1
(
6s6 
<bg R
 +0
(P J
7566  <+3
6T0
-u+ ++d
0b
 Kd


(T0|g 8-
 JW
9-z33+5 +"+"
d

7*+, -.
/01g(" 566 < +3
 
 d

7 <Wh-(
6d
 8-
 J

T06
(34 :>
("
3+,31T0
d
b49
b
<1|
7*+, -.
/01  Q0 0
EF4:>
(
3E
93F
-+0
73

(P Et-testF
(P:>
(+3+"K0bd
93 
Q
38V3
e7d
6
(
PJ+ :;(d
M
 3+Q
6!-1 
 jR Q
k>H
 3+7+g z  Q
k>J d"0
1
/13+Q
65 Kd

7566 
< 6
V>*+, -.
/01 (
1: >IL
C> 7566
 
JEF566 +3
+C8r+>
J 
 
 (3+dC1
9EFaHT0
- +
`C LM+6IJd
@1d

7566 ;
 ++3+5 +":;(Q
6T0.
 K*+, -.
/0L
Wh-d
+P+378
rb9RIJ?+C|d
R
 9  9799 1'8'd

7 <
 C
]( +9FK
k 3d
 +k9
C 
(
 KE J
 E
0 
+
9 3 ! - 5 8 F3 J
T0ke7566  d

7d
r>
(
MJF
 KE

3 Jd
b
d

7d
r>
(
MJ+ T0?IJ3+Wh-5M+p
-M+ d
bT0ke7566  
djT0?
-M|d
+ d
r>
(
MJZ 1
566  d

7d
r>
(
MJ+ 7 Q
k>H +

 +T0pk>+k  9 +W 


dXbV>
K  9'9b786
'b4Ok 9

C(|d
{ 3 T0?IJ
/13+5M+-
9
 
MCM566   bT0ke7d
r>
(
 C
MJ|d
kd
"b++h566
0-
+ T0?"IJ3+Wh-5M+-
9566
 K566 @('P 
C 0k>|d
b
50+" r;(,3LT0
8jRCbr>
(5 +3
d

7d
r>
( EF 6'  0T06
(3
e
R6
(3EFZ(6
16
(3EF
C 
0*9
!s 1
C9-1 |Q
 ++03+dj31g ;
1IJM
J{( 566 +3+49qM1
 +C9s 15 (a0566
kC (

g(" 
+3566 d
+Pr1 18 g' 566
3+5R
9K86'H+w +P3+7d

b
 566  
MH7 Q
k>J dM]
-1IJ
d
r>
(
C +|:;(d
!-1 13+dX
 4M!-11EyahooF-
]3+7d

b
 
 |d
"b 1 1d
b+>8-566
 MH
:;(9/
k 7.(
566
 MH0d
r>
(
g' 566  
MH< g 1 d
><bd
R +0
 Kd

7d
r>
(
M+
d

8"d
r>
(
MJ
+
9 35 ! - 5 8 F
 WT0M d
bT0ke7566  

www.imamu.edu.sa /college/nst/colleges/riadh/
alowlam-algtmaen/lls/dissertations/dissertations.htm
d
-
F E
0+ 9e+(08"@! - JF3 J
E83+g k;

9C"07Z +3566 
(a
 @V68-
 JW 
,3L0
H3+Wh-5M++ g- JKOk?*P
(z 566 +3
Ok*V>Z +3+ 566 W
7M
+0g
< 7
s6 F+3  (a7M+ g- JK
7M+ g- JKz 566 8 + z E
s6
8-
 JK+3  (a*?P
566 W

M+ g- JKz( +566 +3d
q
KW
d
 ~ z+566 +3d
q7
 Z +3+ 566 W
z "0+ g- J
8 + z g k;
 7M]
-g- JKg k;
 !-E(
aFE
(
aF 3+ 056'K566
6
< BFF 6
6Hd
'
z3+
g
9EE3+p0`FF 9d
'EEH
Lbz f83+!- 9: > 

K:
r
d+< 
<<
(0EF 
'6
(3:>
(+01
 dP 9  3566 +3(0

 K8jRCb:>
(+3
9K Q0<
AM '60s?k W8
3+Q
6!-156

8CMc
6H+
C r1566 +3T0h"(
JV6

'c
6H+0E{Fg
< h+0E{F8>
 +566 +3
6(6z 
Q
k>JM]
 
13+5j
9K Ld
' 9d
'(a
+ 566 W
 g7
Q
k>J
 "M]
Ok*X g0
jg7
C@Z +3
566 W
7
Q
k>J
"M]
-1
983+
 K 6
6Hd
'(a !C6"1 9d
'(az
z g+566 +31
/13+Q
6 
E{Fh z9sbX,b(5X !s 
7
Q
k>J
 "M]
-1
yc
6H E{Fg
<
0s?k z9sbz9sbz 566 W

 K*
d
q7zz 
"M]
-1h3+Q
6 
 +!C EF1+ B(
(M566 +3
78T0
M
<r !+ 
C Z M566
!! ?+C 566 +c
6H EF(65X z>
K+3  PLd
7zz M+   
( 566  hd
-
1
/13+Q
6 
W
7d
jbd
3bc
6H
9 Z +3d
{t
 6
< ! X 566 +3IJr1Y566
 K ?+C 566 +3 r1Y8d
/jb

hW
z 3
(
]-1h
p3+Q
6
 g5(+<Mc
6H
 183+g k;566 
K83+g k;


Z +3+ 566 C
-

!4M+ 566 8 + 13+PL


pQ
 
K! Z6 + h!- 
3 kr183+
 w4"b +`bM
C9-1d
R +:;(OP
R
Pz +bV+ 9 `C L7 
g
0
d
(d

H  !CC h
("br+> 'gQ
3 +0"4566 4

(ad
-
+ 9e+(08"@! - FK +p4"b
T0M 83+g k;

9C"07
C +3566 
 W
 Ewww.gedcities.com
 
, -.
/01.F E
0 T U 
F3' 9b
8
 !d
3  7*+
 KEbg7! '

 (a
 JW8
8 Q0
3+Wh-5M+! 
'
q7*+, -.
/01 zkb.1

<M 9 +
<Mbg7! 
 '
 056'K *9 +X g0
j
<M*{
7wP!py*+, -.
/01 /0EF :;(
 '9b78
 !d
3 7! 
'
q
F6
(3 :>
(+3Ec
6JFEFK
d
6
49{ Ebg7! '
W
6
(3

Q
k>J1  JW 
Q
3+5jK3+
.7E+0
 
31 J]
 
31 J
31F 9 +Xb
1Q
56
1bg7! 
 'r.w

g7 jr1! '


1+0
bh
3L
 Q
5j JKh
3Lz
bh
3L b
r.w.7Ec
6J JF*Xb
Q
k>J1
h.w1Q
dC1bg7! '

g7 jr1! 
 '1E{ZF

Q
k>J1 JKE{ZFc
6H.w b

'r.w.7* 9 +X g0
j
 W 
d
R3+d
@1
9Kbg7! 
 9`b 3+bH<bCb
 j3

 J

 JK! 
 '  3
3Ld

>
6J.
 7
d
'd


*+, -.
/01+34 3
-
sb
<M 9  97! 
 '

6J
! 
 '9++0:;( JKb+<
M JKd

T0Z9 9566 ( 9'


K +<b !


 '
<MV3
bV+
KE T U 
F
 
 
7+ jb]3F E
08 * F3 J
B |8"
d
3+Ba]3Wd
bT0ke
 KE

3 
7
k"
| 7
d
3+Bad
33+Wh-7r>
(5

d
bT0!pk>B31 
7
k" B
+ T0?d
b0:;(B4M+|`Me

C u{|d
CBg("  6'Hb+3

!CC |Qd
k j!C

> (B
0B
+ 75r
9d
bT0!pk>.
1
 K
C 0+9|d
b
 `C +<|d
+
(
3 5 +3
986+ b8;bCbr>
(5 +3
.
1B4 d
<b d 1
93+d
6
T0k;
 B  E
(
aF u 56
K(
3 4
FW8
3+Q
6!-1 K
k"   E
(
aF
:;(d
( 4M+ d
b0r;(B Ba E
 EFW+1
b
Jg !CQ
3+0J?+C 89
FEF4M+*jd
b0r;(
{ Ba
!0g 1 d
b0r;(B Ba EFE
F
9 K8T0
bg k;
M
<r 3+d<b
d
b0r;(
k"  Ba EFEFE
T0
M
<r 3+d<b!0:"+0H
 K8
7 6'Hb +EF1
/13+Q
6 
Kz '7 6 'b + EFz '
7
d
3+Ba <MEF(6J3+5j
9

k"  Ba EFg
< 566 +B 
 K566 +
 Ba EF(6AM566 +3+0B
(310
1
IL +

7
-M+566 + B
F
bd
6
' H +566 + !C EF(6
 Ba
1K566
e+EFw +E
  + !C EF(65'@+<M
k"

 
!C+
bd
6
' HM+EF
-M+0V(566
 +566 + EF566
e+EF
 Kw
+ jbV+
C9-1d
R ++3+Wh-06
8 * FKd
b  j
MH
9/!C
,M4 9)

d
3+Ba]3Wd
bT0ke7+ jb]3
 T0M  
7
k" B |7
 Ewww.maissar.t.com /index.htm

MJ4"F E
0g `+(0 k F3 J
 w566 ('@w0 +<bd
bd
+P  d


 KE+ 0! 


d


>{!(JW 
,3L0
H3+Wh-5M+
j3+ 
 JK566 +3
+ 0!  'e
+ 
 JK566 w0+ 0!   +7d


  +7 'ed


+ 0!   


j3
 8jRCb:>
(+3566 w0 +<bd
bd
+P
T0 b8 a7 'ed

4" 4 !<g
 6 ' 'eg> !  <Fs6:>
((a
9566
49qK3+?+-!Qd+ 
C 0 11+ E
+ 0  +<|' ed

{566 4" -3+
KE
" F3+
d

4" +09qgR
7 'ed

(!{e(
W 
Q
:>
(gR
FgR1 Z61:>
(+ 566 +3
+ 0!  +
<M
C 4 1]
-566 T0 ' ed

{E4" 

>jb+<
 J1W8-566 w0+ 0! 
 C+

 J k C9) 31
 JBzM7
'9b
``+(0b
 J C9
V>
 K 
w0+ 0!   +7d


j3+b(
 

0!   d


j31IJ3+5R566
 d
T" + 
 j38-566 w0+
 
 
'(@T0 d


-
(+ 0!    1 
 'ed


+ 0!
  j3+b(
K566
3+d+ 566 w0 +<bd
bd
+P  +7
C9
V>
kt 31|
7+ 0!   1
E > F8-s7IL>b+ 
566 T04"bM  w
C M8j'|>b8- J
+<
)+ 0!   
1 J<Mg' Zr+
>b8- JEg0
j> FIJ5R+<MzM7>jb
1
C`'Y| w
9 !+< 
C"  <6
r
> Fr
r>9gk``+(0b

1 J
C0
(a
d
+P  0

C Jgk> T018-Ed
9
media F  4 d
!+<
C" T0 +< 

power F
6 +3
Q@, -T0h
CY+<Eplayer
( JW8

Z3P :>
(8REpoint
 w
b
RkP+ 0!!s ' ed


+ < wd+"jhz +<b+01B


 37+Q
M

d

{8j '89'43 JKd


566 ('@w0+ 0!   7  'e
4 3 JK 9 d
+P 
C+
t566
@('-
9r3

C(  'e d

7+ 0!  
e w
!   z 6
<9
y3. J JKd
<7++{
 bz  -L d

7566 +3
+ 0
g `+(0 k FK 'e d

7
 KE
 E
08Ue 61`` +(0Q
0F3 J
KE3566
 '>z<-bB
(d
-
F
z<-bB
(d
-
M  JW8-3+Whp
?+-L
>:;(,Md
-
T0? JK566 +3>
 K3Lj;RT05669du
d
 cT0z0
( a
(
aEFT0:;( 059@
(aT09/+"E6
r> + F8
89 b8-
  8 (
 a
(;
 
B gr986
rbV+;(` ; k
+"K 'e+9+0HbP16
r>b
 
6 zr>
(5 +3:;(tR
P
93 !9k
 Q
k>Hd
6
(T0ke:;(d
 g P+ Espss F
Q
65jW 
Q
3+5C6KQ
g ; 

98` 566'Y  M1 E{F13+
566 8 +  +< 78u8
B
(,M13+5
F!C(65X h6
rB 6
< E{F!C(65X : >


9313+5 
9K+0H(EFE
c
6H+3(65X : >c
6H
k*
V>566
K h+3EFB
 6
< +3 g9q EF
chat F?
+3T0!p
("A !C (09qd
M1
]Eemail hot mailF86 '+w +PEroom
hK
 P1?a14 gR
k 
?+k<
Q
6 K566B
(
 JT0"01Q
z(
+ 
7!566+3 !s 1
/13+
 K+3 9q E{F:;(,j8-
<b(
6
 E{Fz 
?jRz 
7+3  +"
3+b7566  + M1(
1
/13+Q
6
 T0zM1 EFjEF(d+: >
T0<j M1 E{F
7566 
M1 EF1Q
dC1
9Kg97566 

9566r'b
93 (3du T0<j 
 K+  0
9  j6du T0 M1 (
j
" (aT0566du   M1 EF"1
 +  M1 EFB
<
j
9K+

C J5C6|d
R!-1KPL
< !s64 566 

M4  9 d
39 '.
j'4M3+Wh 3C   0
 JZ g -u+0H  
3+  { 34d
3bg("  9C
'
 V C1?P'
Wh- 
j3 566 4 g0
j
 
 K49M14 g("

z<-bB
(d
-
8Ue 61`` +(0Q
0F
journal of WT0M 35 66
 '>
humanities&social sciences ,rdyear,issu,nov-
 Ewww.uluminsania.net
d
-
F E
0`0 
R+ +(0F3 J
P 
6
q>
bd
+fjb @LBzr>
(

"

)B*+, -.
/01W566 ('@


)Bzr>
(d
-
 3+5
E

IJeRT0(b89
k++9
"
F 3+49q
K566 ('@T0bd
b
 0`W 
d
kkIJ9yE
r>

5M+-Kd
6
6H 0
9 B3
e!03+p
8 :>
(W

`W 
 j;R <;IJ3+
!
8
eRT0+9h89
k 
:>
(
"K8+bT09h-
-+C|d 
4 9{3+M1T086 '+wa06
(34 

C+(|d
3
9b
  JW 
:;(,310V d
6

4 Z 
+
j ZjR 
"

)8 :>
(
:>
(a 
  JK 6 ' " 9d
+
+
 JKeRCj T0
"

)8 
  3eR9
"

)8 :>
(g(<

)8 :>
(+3+ 
 JK 9Z
901

6
q>
bd
+7 r;(Z
90134M+
"



)8 :>
(W

JK566 @('P
W+ g(" r;(Z
90L>jb 6 'j@L"



"

)8 :>
(
C+(|d
3
9b
  JK
 6 'd
+
  "d
+4 Z
+
Q
"ZjR
R
566 @('P e
k 9
<M
6
q>
b
 K
7
"
)
8 :>
(+3+ 
 J
 eR +d(
b
 
5/M1Espss F
6 a03+d
6

 5+"
1IJQ
d
@1: >K3+ M!0IJg Q
6IJ3+
RCjb+ ZJ()

"
8 :>
(
M1 E{F1: >K
j'Z M
t 9d
bIJe
"dCb +d
(b
!p!0 Z6u 
M13+
: ><M
 ' L'(b (
.
r3
eR

a1IJQ
d
@1
9K
C 0!C0a
EFB
1
K

<j d(
bWh-T0d
6
6H 0
9 7zr>
(

"

)8 :>
(g(<1IJ3+Q
6d
M1
3+M1 {1: >K
j 
`eR9
03+M1w0
9K
6
q>
bd7

1
, -1W
C9-1B
(3L 9
6
q>
bd
+7!C/M
F1IJ?
/!C J(
M d
+WhC 
 7bd
<b1+<!C E
 K Y
L{
g(" 
C ? d
+Wh3M 
6
q>
bd
+71!C EF
M1
9
V6 
-K:;(
q7 T0k; ,s>

 1 Wh-
k d"7
C6+|

|d
<bd
Q 1!C E{F
@1
93
C+
5 
9KE{F566 ('@T0>
 
C6' 
0
-
 Kg(<b7 X;@ kWh-1Q

fjb @LBzr>
(d
-
`0 
R+ +(0F
*+, -.
/01W566 ('@P 
6
q>
bd
+
 WT0f
 
)

"
B
 Ewww.afli.cybrarians.info
89:;(566 F E
0?
"9 6F3 :;(h-?+CE

0
Q`
7
g(" 566 +3+t< d
+00
H

C
+P !C
j3+ 
0
)zr>
(h
3L
d
+zr>
(s6C  566  9-1T0?"

C 0g_k;bd
b" +k + !p
C +<| r;(
!C +37zr>
(
1<|d
kIJM
J
 
 K566
h
3L
@
(b
k a03+d
6
r>
(5+"
09qT03+Wh-5 1+"K(
3 IJM
Jzr>
(
  6
6HB  zr>
(h
3L 
|Q
!-1K
0
)E80H"!F
 W3+
C J5C6

C@566 + M1zr>
( E{F(61
 !C9s 
566 + M1 E{F
g(" 566 +!C EFK80H!"
7566  9-1+b(
K
C  X "!R
P

566 1zr>
( EF13+z(89:;(
 18Y
L89:;(7+ 9C
5jK8Y
L89:;(79 C 566 u EF

k 0:;(566 +zr>
( EF13+
T0a566 +zr>
( E{F:;(
 +zr>
( EF(6!C!C rd

 M1 E{F.
"+RL( 
k566
 K rd
6
49566 +
+31zr>
( EF13+5j
9
 9
b 'y+0w1T0ke7+0
566
g"18-EF(6d
@1
9k"5"70bd
b
dC1
9KW` 89:e9 " 4M566 1IJ(6
7566 +3zr>
(

 -

-13+
+<Md
bT0r j '(
K8Y
L89:;(
 rd1T0+9zr>
( E{F13+5j
K0  rd1T0+9zr>
( EF0
d
3+T0+9
C61zr>
( EF(6d
@1
9
d
bT0r j 566 +3 j  >9
 Kkkb4"b>1
1IJd
@1zr>
( E{F(61
/13+Q
6 
7
'5"M+08-566 +3|d
k!-1
 d
@1 M1 EF(6Z +3
 
:>
(
 1
<Q
0g' X
 'bb"1IJ
(*j6' Z61IJd
@1 M1 E{F(6


C +3h-566 +3M +01IJd
@1
d
b1T09r>
(!s 1IJ3+5j
9K
 909 "d' "kk 4"  Pu 56
J
!-11IJ3+56
1
9K8Y
L89:;(( `
( 
7!"g7566 M56
zr>
(d
>"
{( h
3LV
' 7 +Wh-ME{F

"JIJ J R
PB  EF(6d
@1

C 
j3 !9566 +3d
Rg h 9 d
E?
"9 6FKzr>
(h
3LgT0
 K

kbF E
0+ !e+(0F3 J
  3W  bd
C3 7+ 0 >
b 6 '

3-
<B d
bQ
d
('b!"d
>aL
EF
C >a1EFT0:;(r>
(d 1E

T>
0 jPWEF

 6
 'kb
gQ
3Wh-+ 6
3+ Mb
!CQ
37
C +Cbd
b 7566 w0>
b

kbIJ
3
"+ 0 6
 'kb
C'|(
|+ 0>
b 6
 'kb 060(b
 Jc
1d
< d
>a1 JVF
C 
C3
  06gT0
C {|d
6
(R
0EKKKd 
Wh-+ 
90+ 
C +Cbd
b
k d
06

kb
  b!C
C3+0J+0< +0"T0gQ
3
d
C3 Wh-
R+0
C J| L 6 '

kt
C3 >aL z "M V6
IJ

1 <ME>a1F]
-1:;( z(+"K 6'
T0>
  6
'k T0
C
;R1+90E{F(
7r>
(
C 0+90< +0"+  Z61566 ('@
 K<MgQ
3c7 J  b!C
C3
R

 

 
+ 0>
b 6
 'kb0{bd
6
(R
0J
4"b1>
Hd
6
g {z f8CMP:>
 %
d
6
(
<M+kb 
 M ( d
6
!+<IJ<M
+0.
EisoF`L0
k +jRb7+
<M
k 3F
Xg "r>
(
C 0+90
 |kb
V> J>a1EF7dE
( 1+k Fg
< 7E

R1 X

"IJ4  Jr>
(1
>aL 1:;( 
/1z(
9K566 @('T0
'(@w0>
b
kb+37!3
e+ >g
-* 
7zr>
(d
C gr (u
pP1g 0]
-g 566
 KzMbd
C 566 4 g
( 9'+3
7+ 0>
b 6
 'kb+ !e+(0F
d
('b!"d
>aL  3W  bd
C3
 WT0f
 -
<B d
bQ

 Ewww.cairo.cybrarians.info
+34"F E
0
{90 +(0F3 J
gk Mb*)
+, -.
/01+89:;(7566

C 566 +PT0./.
<JIJ3+Wh-5M+-KE
7
C 6
3  j IJzr>
(*+, -.
/01
@H

Wh-5M+-1 r;(d
~7d
3+c;(+0J
*+, -+34"
 W8
T0
H3+
 K89:;(7566 d
< (gk Mb)

.
/013+Whp8RL49grY8;bCb:>
(4(

(gk Mb
)+ b
*+, 4 1T0z0 c
6Hh EMF!-+0
 Kd

d
6
(3 +0 EMFB+< Q0 05(;3+"
 Z 6
1EFg ;
<
Q
:>
(gR+"K T00bd
6
(3  EF
 W 

 
 K89:;(7
0(31566 + M1!s  J
 K+ !C 89:;(X566 +31 (
X J
 K r
k 0:;(7gr9566 d
+3!-1 J
*+, -.
/0L

-

]-1Q
+ J
 K89:;(7566 +3
(bgU 0  rd1+3Esearch enginerF J
 K566  d
bT0ra IL
!-1566 +3T0V3
bV+M+0grY J
 K89:;(7566 +3d
"
*+, -.
/01.z M IJ3+Q
6d
@1 J
 'X IJ`89:;(75 66 +3+< 7
]  9(**+, -/0
C g9|
 K566

k  (9

7*+, -.
/01.z  Q
k>J dM J
<M IJ`89:;(7566!C +3 9-1
3KgQ+ d
+ 6 '!+9UMF
W 6
6J0qQ `J
0+  6+
 
+ 6
r
 E www.uluminsania.net WT0M
 LF E
08M
>T U
F3 J
>a1 J 6+ 3L-
<
8
497 
b
 KE

 WIJ3+Wh-5M+ K8
497 
b L-
s M  J1
 K8
497 
b LB
(31M  JB
 K8
497 
b L0g(3M  J
 W 
d
73+Wh-(
 L-
T0
_ 901
_s6
1.3Okg- J
 
 b
 L-
01
67*+, -/0
  J
 
 b
 01
67d
b8Q
kP1'(bz 1 
J
 
 
 b L-

 
Baz  3
e
 b L
6B
(31
 J
7d
b0:>
(V

CC |:;(d
" 
 J
 Zkk%
q

 L-

6 3
e Lz "0+ g- J
 Bz  
b
-
<d

) 0`Bd
73+Wh-5<_(a

Ps89zkkgr|-L*z0
BaIL>
 bBaT0EF83+
`bd
('b.
 1*+, -.
/01
 d
3+
 Kd
'd
('
+3IJM
H
86+ bbC r>
(5 +3+"
5 +3
9:;(Q
6g ;EspssF8Q
k>H
6w
 K ( Q (< r>
(
 T0(a+>(
3d
93cr>
(5 +3+"
d
' 
d
3+IL 
>bBa EF
 -L*z0-
<d

7 0`B
4d
'
*+, -.
/01 EFT0(a(

3
d
('b.
 1 EFT0(a:
(
3<

M
J4d
'
Ed
'd
(' `bF Y
L
e|d
6
(
9'3 s>b
56
3r>
(1IJ
 W
C Jke|Q
!-1 K(
3 P 
C 0
 d
' 8
497 
b LB
(31!-1 1
 EKKKK 9 < 3
eXFgr  
bO<6IJ4 
IL 
>bBa+0jb
-
k d
9
+0IJr>
(
97V(4 K
d
3+
T0k;B3L7V+ !7+> 
31
V+Z3
31T0!
C9 s
C9 <
C 
j3 d
b
 K 
bWh-gr T0B

 L  +0J3+
C J5C6|d
R!-1
+ 
8
8
g("
F49d
,Mg9 
b
 gd
 d
C d
6
' J?4 V3

tE8

 
z  9 
b L   +1,M
 Kk 7! fRJ
8
497 
b L8M
>T U
F
 WT0M  6+ 3 J-
<

 E www.cybrarians.info/db/index.htm
d
qF E
080
b
3 +(0F3 J

989:;( 9  97566 d
+P 
MH
 KE"
)*+, -.
/01
-k
7566  
MHd
qT0?IJ3+Wh-5M+*+, -.
/01
-k
989:;( 9  9
 9  97
Cj  
C 9-1 "
)
F<bdXb 1T0?IJM
H
89:;(
 'W+ T0ke+ * 9(b
8
q7
p!Cj 566  
MHd
!CkT0E
 K89:;( 9  9


*+, -.
/01 EF 3+ 056'
T0z0 z h
3L+0
bh
3Lz3+b 
 K5
d
4
 KE+ F 56'6
(3d
6
(491:>
(+01
 W 
Q
IJ3+d
@1

j 
dk!C+"
)*+, -.
/014 1
7!Ck189:;( 9  97566  9-10
 K 9  9
q7!Ck 
r189:;(
q
, -.
/01z 
Q
k>JM+  Z61IJ3+5R
9
8
q7566
C +<|d
+ 9-1!Ck7*+
 W 
<bdXbV89:;( 9  9
 K 'W+ T0ke '
* 9(b
7 "566"
)*+, -.
/01  w
7 (656
J89:;(
q 9  9
q
 K 9  97
C g/M189:;(
 , -.
/01z 
Q
k>JM+  Z61
/13+Q
6
 
:;( 9  98
q7566   7*+

Q
k>JM+ 
9 K* 9(bdXb
(89
W+ T0ke+ Xb4 *+, -.
/01z
 K '
 97566 d
+P 
MHd
q80
b
3 +(0F
"
)*+, -.
/01
-k
989:;( 9 
 WT0f

 Ewww.qu.edu.qu/home/myqu/aalmannai/paper.htm
 
, -.
/01+3F E
0++9F3 J
 KE  W5663b*)
+
, -.
/0L r;(d
IJ?IJ3+Wh-5M+IJM
H
 b.!C 3P3b
)*+

IJM
H
!p
M1*+, -.
/01d
3T0?
 K566 d
 
kb8Y
L49>
+ ++
 kke :>
(+3+MKEMF 3+ 056'
 KQ
gRd
6
(496
(3 +3
9 Q
 W3+Wh-Z J5R
!-1
566 ( <
q7*+, -.
/01+31
 K 0
9 7*+, -.
/0LZ r j
IL(b756
86 '+w +P13+ z(
9
 K +<b r;(d
+ !+3 : >
*+, -.
/01+3B
(31 1
/13+Q
6
tkdd
b0:;(5663b
)
 KOk
q7dPT0a IJM
Jc
L
566 +3z  '0"0]
-13+5j
9
+ 4j j  +5j
9Z61: > j  +
 Kgk Mb*)
+, -.
/01g(" 566 +3
 E++9F
566
 MHF E
0``+(09086
CF3 J
 KE 0
9 7zkbz Y
LV6

  -5"7
MH+ T0./.
<JIJ3+Wh-5M+ 

M
C + j V6
 
MH+ zr>
(V6
 566
d
,jV6
 
MH7bg 
MHd
< Mg(3
  067+ jb.30/Mzr>
( jb
7+jb5"5 66 T0
90d
  Z0kU

 6
4"b +b:;(d
566 4 g


Q
T0ke
C !|@'
L
C  |
6

Z |d
k
0( Z 0ke!
+< d
b
 K566 4 g
7zr>
(

9 
"17!C+0
 *+, -.
/013+Wh-8X
8Q
6
<
k" .
k>H X!0*j!0
6
<jM(3
z u86+b6
<3+6
<
 K*z0-
<)
|

6
(3d+01
98 ;8jRCbr>
(5 +3+"
F8>1EMFT0+ 
Z3+d
6
T0k;
 8RL3+49q8
J E{
z  EF5X 
{3 (611EMFB
{3+"
 u 566 4 
EMF]
-1z(d

{3 Wh
!-1 M1 E{FrY566 4  M

 WQ
6 3+Wh-Z0dj31
*+, -.
/01 
R>r1+ b+0
bz3+b1 J
 K566
 MHT0

': >.
j' zkbzr>
(V6
 + 566 1 J
d
6
(+0"7:;(86 '+wT0k< '
 K M(( 
d+<566 4 .'g
d
Cbzkbzr>
(<
M J
 K.
j' 566 4 g
 X
0d
9 6
4"b4 g
d
< M+0 J
 K566
 (61: >
"566
%0zkbzr>
(`?0 J
 g
< 7566 T0g/j  M1 E{F

 K566 T0g/j<ME{F
 89
k @'
17
b0zkbzr>
(`?0 J
 
 K 6 'db<
@ d
09
566 w080
j
 6
4"bT0k< '
'zkbzr>
(g
1 J
 Kd
  Z 0ke'Y
g/M1  8-
B
d
< Mr>
(
C Jd
@1|d
R!-1

j T0g9566 4 .'g
d
C + jb
zke
0Z  d
b + j9X.
j't
 K
PZ  566
 MHT0
 KE``+(09086
CF

 W ( Ld
3+W
6

d
b
k  
MHF E
06
-F3 J
 E:;(L566 T0+9b 6 '
+9b 6 'd
b
k  
MH(
3+Wh-5M+!0d
('b
q7zr>
( 09qV6
 566 T0

kb + jbg
 j T0
PZ  d`d
b
ZC
 
/13+Wh-'
9
C 
C
 3 6 '
566  
MHu " !-

d'  zr>
(
 K89:;(X
 W3+ d
6
(4 97ar>
(5(
7 6
 'kb7  bd
C38
g ; J

0T>
0 d
bd
('b7kk d
86

 K

 K86
9rd
+.
3 jR;  3+ J
V<bd
<b8j  +>z,b jR  ;3+ J
 K86
9rd
+7
-6
hzjb+07; 
 IJ3+5C6+"

C<a7 6
 'kbWh-1 6
 'kb
+C
 Kzr>
((

9C k0(kL
 E6
-F
<
 d
3+9
C J
@H5 ( 1d
3
]-
 Wh6d
3+Wh-
 KE
0connawaybuddF3 J
 d


*+, -.
/01
MJ
L   jR38-
 
 K
PZ  566
0Z  d
'(a0>
bd
9
37*+, -.
/0L6
(3
r>
(g31
0P8jM
+;bd
 .
170 d

86
7j~ 3
"1
d
'(4 g
g(3M 6
(3 Wh-56
 ' L
+30/M 6 'd
+4 g
g(3M+
7:;(d
6
(d
 94 g

P1Ld
'(
 Kd
('b
CM
7j; Y*+, -.
/0113+Wh- z(+"
|d
3bLs6 6
 'kb!C
-
!C

, -.
/01" 7j;h-T{j;
/1g 
C J9
1: > 6 'd
+7!p
901!+< *+
Q
gX@d
"(
!CM+-1 <7!C d
+Wh>
bd
913+Wh- 
/1z(g
< 7K Y
L

*+, -.
/01

1 T0ud
'(a0
 0b MX
M
W
 z(: >!C 
9 M
z(
9Kd
'(4 
h*+, -.
/01d

9-7
Wh-+(3+!C d

{37
; 

j]
-1
/1
/M 9 +
* kdXb
u d
MP
 K
C J9|"
L0
 566  
MEPF
0d63 J
3+ ?+p
K6
('  + jbV6

 W 
d
0
H
 566  + jh  J
 
C 
MH!566 T0>
bd
b
k 1 J
 566
 MH4M?+-1
 J
 Q
6 Z 0kU
90Mz + jbg- J
 
p
PJ+ jb|dX 
J
IJ@
(bT05316
(3T03+Wh-d+90+"
6
(3 Wh- Lk
K566
k  + jb 
T0` 46566
:;(
!C0@g("+ jbIJZ 
 + 5'!K:;(
C0j31|Q
0!-

  
j3 B
(31T0` 4 3+Wh-!Cyd
09q
 

PA R
d
><bIJM
H
566 T0
C  4" 
 a0 (
d
"35r
r>b7d
 ;
/M566
 M

L?;< +C Telent
 K566 4 g
d
7gjB
(31  <;0

3j.a.adams,s.c.bonk  g'd6
073 J
8X 6 'd
b
k d
< +Q
j

K] 6
)d
kk~7z Y
Lzkkb3+

/1<;f
1h L+wd
6
(3 3+5 +3+"
1
0Q
6 3+Z J5C6
 !-1 K+ jb
.
/01V6
  6 'd
b
k  
MHd
" VR1
T1
/15C6
9Kf
 -
>d
bk"8-*+, 9"7'18X(+ jbV+1*+, -.
/011
 Kd
L
 W g'
07d63 J
 Eelleen abels,daniel demman,pwtwr libscherF
d
'(+3(7bg M
'338-
7*+, -.
/01V6
 d
'(d
+P 6 '
g 13+Wh- z(+"KXk+-
bd

7 <
7|g 0
0Z  %d
'((7b
 K
C 
j3 |!d
++0d
'(Wh-M
r+
(ad
-
0'E
0P
F
C "
3 J
hp+01
<  ( 56689 +3

 KE


(
aFg9 0T0E+ F  'X
56689 +3  /jd
-
 Q
 1
d
b(
+ 9 4"b4(   /jd
-
5(
5 66 +3 4jb'.
"+RL4 566 T0>
b
z M+ ! ?+C 566 +3B
(31d+
 KW
h-7z

3g 1 Esherman et al , FZQ 


3 J

C !CwP566 +37
(a zz j
 d1+ PLd7d
(
(z {j1z(
 
+ +3 7!C M+ '
<
3Z 056

90 /
gQ
3aT0? j zz  (9'< gr L
 K
hC wB
+3
3+d+1K
 !g> 7(+w1'b+(
c
6H Z 0
("J566


br1hd
 h Z61
 Kzz -
g' 566
b]1
 Esanders and morrison,FE +6
3F3 J
 E+ C9( 
F](!
d
-

r>
(
 WT9
+3
566 P
EF 6'  0T0Ewebct , web coarse toolsF
 Xhp(
3+0J+"K
3
(
)
 a


<WhC !(d
-
13++
 !C' h
b4" +34 (!s 
0g'
 !C' 
9+M 
P!CQ 4 
g0
j
8h< !,3Ld'bg>
9
T0ke
T0

 r'h
 hd
(P 3 
 K+"
'jd
C d'bg>d
C  !907(
! 
r1
-
d
j13+dC1
9
7
r1C61
9+.
1R
P5 66 +3

 Kh
6
< Z +3

Ho and ridzuan FW 6-


` 
7
- 13 J
*93+y


(
aEF 6'  0T0Ean kuek
 (3 
6' 
3
< r>
(+3+"
` 
7d

 K 9  3566 !C
-
<

K! 7566 +3


-
 3+ z(
7z/jbzjbz  zz W
h-7MCs
4jJ ' (M]
-
z>789+b
+Z0k  '3+p( |a+W

 K( 9( a
durndell and FE
-+6F g
C 
"
6
73 J
 z 
(
aEF
(
aEF
C "0T0Ehaag
7self

efficacy J h 0


j
3
< 
r>
(+3
 +3
 

5 66 W


:
r8V3
e<P18V3
e
 h 0
j 7
j
! ' 1Q
dC1
1566 8 /jW
V3
e" g7
j
d
0
566 +
9c
6H
6
< 
r1h
 Kc
6H+
C a1

 W<
d
3+T0V <
d
3+ 566  
MHd
31<
d
3+ z(
d
+d
0(
1+ jbd
,j(
.3"+ +
8-
+05
d
3+Wh-1>
9Kd
b
k
T0`d
3
0Z   

3L7566  
MH

T0`d
3*+, -.
/01V6
 566
 MH
7566

0d
3(V6
 566
 MH
 K89
k
7566w' 9-LT0
C0
Jd
3+Wh- z(
9
 89:;(3+aV 
317c+>J
 d

Bzr>
(1 d
3+ >
'Y|d
6
' H r'+Cgr Lg'
566 9r

-

]-1<
d
3+ >
yK566
C +<1
 K.T0 ( L d
,j+566 +3


8 ;8jRCbT0
90  bWh- 
/1
z(
9
7d
<b183
31g' (
3 T0
90 h
0Z 
b5|
 c
Lr>K
>L
+6R
P { d
975|d
3+OPL

 K C97
h-7c;(

C 0` 'Y|R
++7d
3+Wh-59C31
9
 7
-
9r3 {C wP5 +": >3+Wh-7
 KWh-|3+
 
 
 
 
 

 W3+,31
 W 
,3L0
H3+Wh-

, -.
/01s6C  89:;(7566  9-1+ 
 J
 *)
+
 
C J9|!(
' C 
9 Mj8-

566 4 
)*+, -.
/01g
 ! J
 
C@
 g
h-7+jb5"+< 

 
C J9|!(
' C 
9 Mj8-

 566 4 !C

18-

+37d+
)*+, -.
/01(
J+ 
 J
 566 B3
e
 
C J9|!(
' C 
9 Mj8-

Z 0kU
t
)* +, -.
/01
j>+ 
 J
  6'd
j 7566 
 
C J9|!(
' C 
9 Mj8-

d
  
)*+, -.
/01W+
+ 
 J
 566 T0 
 kk
 
C J9|!(
' C 
9 Mj8-

 Z 0kU
t
*+, -.
/01<+ 
 J
 566
 
C J9|!(
' C 
9 Mj8-

!
t
)*+, -.
/01<+0B
(318-
 J
 566  Z 0ke
T0!p
901
)*+, -.
/01g /j+ 
 J
 566
 
C J9|!(
' C 
9 Mj8-


6
)*+, -.
/01g /j+0B
(318-
 J
 566 T0!p
901
 566 4 g

)*+, -.
/014M8-
 J
0
)*+, -.
/01d
 
k 8-
 J
 566
 

)*+, -.
/01g(" 566 +318-
 J
 
, -.
/01g("  9566 +3B
(318-
 J
 *)
+
 .
/01g " 89:;(7566 +3+0B
(318-
 J
 *)
+, 
)*+, -.
/01
C +| ( Ld
X8-
 J
 
 d
X!C
J+ 

g 1 
)*+, -.
/01d
>"8-
*+, -.
/01g(" 566 +3d
R O
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 {C J.d+ W3


C+ W3
+90(
>T0:Cb8jR; Wh- (Z .b8+ K3
49q+ W3
49qu+, -.
/01 3
7*+h
< 
7*+
+83
'
d
  W
 F{
 "
k B  6
6H 
'
d KE 3+p

 0+ W3

'56 + Q
CMF 3, -.
/01 E*+
)
K+"!EF 04+3*{
<M
 + 9'  K

Xb d

 

 

 



* 

 c
6J

 { 

 

 B

 {  

'  

{
 "
k 

 {  

 3+p

 {  

  

 {



 

 W

 {  

 


 

 {  

 

 {  

 +  9

'
 

+  ( 

 

 {

 {

+"!EF +b, -.


/01 3 
)*+
 
 

 J.d+ W3
+0J J1d+W3

.
  J1 ?+CW6
(3 IJ6
(3?T0"4+3 566
, -.
/01+:;(
7*+ K89
(
.
"6
(3(
>+ :3LBsh-7B'b

h+d
3+ b 6|h-75 1
Wh-.7
+.
 _3  K6
(3

59/ ,316
(3d
 49)59- 49q0+3
k' |
C J89* + 9|>gk
 K
C 0
59/
9 30(36
(3 dd

H+ (<

+0d
 49"4+3 .
/01g(" 566
,d +9F
7*+
4 g 566"57+jb
g
1
4 g 566+dkb|
;< 59/
9KE
C 49?+C,316
(30d
b4M

4 g 566
k 
d 0 5661
+3 566!C '86Md
bX
kb
 B
(31+3 7566!C(;:89+0B
(31
+3 566!Cd
k| 7!CC
4 g 566

" M
J>

 !CWh- OKd
k
+R JBL(
W
C;< +RL  T06
(3
h
3L7zkb<
<!!0*j 
8j0d
(3
ed
qw!0 Kd
b
"+d
;thPL'z9 J.d+  K
d
(B
>
9 +3
6
(3 
'
j1g
 (M
(6
E{Fd
(rWh-dw0 { <(d
(r 
9 M
<b K
1 ( J+ W3
(  76
(3gkj+83
86
r '0g8Q
, -.
/01T0 
d
 7*+
FW8-{
 "
k 3+p B 
 

KE 6
6H"+4 MFT0+ 
6
(3, -.
/01 E
7*+'
d Khb
"
0+  Fd
6
(3E
6
(3
(3*
C d
6
(3
<O
C
 7+++0g ;
C >R+3  h
+d
6
(38
H<
; Fg E6
(3
9q EFZ(6
1 
93db K0
"+ Z(
>+ X
d
R:
 +b
<3

+g'
3gr L
, -.
/01 OPL 7*+
 )
 K
"++3V 
3L Q
k>H
  W

d' 
V ,b

'
j1d
(B
e
(6  K6
(3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0
Q W
-j

Q
<bL W
 

 

       

 

      

 

 
 

     
 {

    


 
 +  9C
 

 {
 

 {
 

 
 
 


 

   {
 

  9C

   3+p


 

 {
  9

+ 9C 


Xb d

  9-L

9 



  0    0    0    0  


 
 

    
{
 
 
 

   

    


 

   

     

 

 
 
 {

 
 
 
 
 

 
 {
 
 

 
 {

 

 

 

 {

 

 
 
 
 

 
 {

 
 {

 
 
 

 

 B
 

{
 
 
 

    

 

  1R
0MLIJ?+Ch? 9-1T0
7566(;:, -.
/01+89+"
7*+
+3B314'(K,b+"!z(EF

Q
hC R K
+"! 9-1+ EF 7566(;:
989, -.
/01
- *+

+"!1IJEF, -.
/01 E{F(67*+

1 + 9C 5667(;:89.
/01R
P
, 7*+3+p{
E{F(656
: > , -.
/01 7*+u 3+p + 9C 5667
(;:89, -.
/01 E{F(6 7*+
{
 u + 9C 5667(;:89Wh-j(
, -.
/01+ 7*+
 
   7E{F5X : >B  (6
 7E{FBAMhk6 r1 
Z(6
9q E{FM1  u 7!C 566(;:89
( z+1IJhM1 <M FZ(6
1
u E{ +5667 9-L(;:F(6M89
  E{B  E{F(6  u 566
+ K 9-L
h, -.
/01 1M1 
7*+  u :;(!C 566 K89
'
0gAM M1!s   L+ 566W'(7
.
Jg C(;:, -.
/01+89 K*+

Q
<b W86
r

0
86
rIJ?+Ch?+0T0h
 + , -.
/01 566
7*+!C(6

L| + 
C M566+0(6 + h
, -.
/01 5667*+
+<Mhb5 +3
'(,b+"!RP9/EF

9 MQ

<!L  K
 

 
9 

 


4 g  566




4 g  566

 

 

+

 

Xb d

+ 

   {   {   B


 {  

   { {


 

   {   {    


          3+p
  {  
+"!EF
4 g

    {9 

, -.
/01g(" 566 *+

 
 /+"!1EFMEF  0+ +3
1566
9q E{FZ(6 M1 6

9  
   +  (6g'
1566
9q E{FM1    !C9s KB
1, -.
/01 7*++ r13+p 7566
 (65X : > +3, -.
/01+7*+' 

EFhb(6T018-
t>Wh-g
 
94 ,j
g'
566IJM
Jhb 9-u !C 0  (a-566
r': >!Ckk%
90T0!-+3B3
e1Z 0
T0+3 , -.
/018u!K566!C ' *+{


(b: >  6
r+3 (65X : >566!C +3
Wh-+9q E{F,jML7zb+ 3
' hb, -.
/018u!K
/1j (68-7*+
  7(b: > r
r+3 566!C F!C(65X
E{
56,jg"LQ
6V>566
+3+8-3
, -.
/01,M 7*+B71
t+3 !C
566"  !Cs(;1
90 +<566
RM

aQT0
6HL 8+d
3X  0
9
-1Z +< 
yKP1 3 1
6
' A<6 uWh-IJV
1, -.
/0180 9-u 
7*+ +"566*'6
3
y( aQ
6
 Wh-4<  Kr+e
(

1 86
r
L
b|

C Mg
+ jb  , -.
/01 566+<M
)*+
+3'V0
,b+"! EF

Q|k
C JgR K
( z+"!1EF, -.
/01r1
)*+


 4 7566`b
 +L1: >I (6
 +yE{F , -.
/01 566 +*+

 7566K!p8-
< 8u  +
566
1: >  6
r

, -.
/01gM1 J*+  4  J
566 5X(
C E{F E{F( ('b

 
-

 

-

 

 (  +

{-



 g

1

 `b




 V'b

{- -

 ('b

 566 8-
< 

{- -

 B
"L.
"+RL

{- 
 566

4 g

1EF!"+

.
"+RL+0566 4 !
C6u   M1EF
@1
9
8-E{F(6AMhE{F(6g'
1B
"L
 KV'b7566 4 
g"L(
566 8-
< T0 M1
90r<
Q
> 
 ( 566 4 !
C61!566 4 g
g 1
(6] +0IJ+" "(6
C61 J!p 
7E{F
T0 r'!C61
9!p 
7B3
>`C L!C (

yZ0
<6r
k . ('.s6566 8-
<
 K566 8-
< +R
"!p!  
CM+
 W:
r<
bQ

g
d + T0??+Ch:
r  1R
0M
5h
7*+, -.
/01g(" 566 4

+!C 03+3'V,b+"!EF

Q|ke K
C 0
( z+EF!"zEF
j d +
4 g  566

, -.
/01V6M1 J*+  
0Z K
> 
 ,Mgr: 4  0 g"15667d C
E{F8-(
 ,M
C !T0L 4  F566
7E IJ !EF(6C
 
 
 

+0 d

Xb d


 g

 B "
k    3+p

 g"1

+  

 

 

 

9 

   

  d(  {  {  {    {


 

   



+  

 

IJ

(  

 {  {  {  {

 
 
(

   {  {

 {  {

+0 d+   


 
Xb    d

   

 +      

   

 

g
 ruM(  {  {  {    
 B "
k     3+p
9 

IJ
+"!+0EF d
4 g  
C@566

 
 
C@566 4 g
d +0EF!"+
 ( C7ruM EF566 4  
.8
 566 4  
,M
C78u!E{F
*+, -.
/0113+5jC7 EIJ F
d +0: > IL,j!-3+!Ch3+p 7
F !C(65X : >C7ruM EF566 4 g

 +>O@+ Z61
9,jWh-.
/019q E{
 !Cy  7*+, -.
/01
 
.
/01C7E F r1566 4 g
3+
E F r1566 4 

k" * +, -
M19q 8T0EFE{FZ(6
1C7
 K3+!C
h 
(k566 4 g
1Q
Wh-T0.
 <61 '
H


7*+, -.
/01+Ru M
Mu 
a
6+
 K
 W4 <
bQ

4 g
7+jbd
0
+0T0?:
r?+4 
C JR|Q
5 
<K M1g(" 
C@566
 Kg
d + u 
 {
4 g
7
C@Ed
0
3F g"1+j|,j1: >
 IJFz 
+jh,M5 " +<b756
566


C@E0
3IJFz 
+jh,M 
C@E0
3
EruM0
3F+j ,Md.
566 4 g
7
 K (b
566 4 g
7
C@
6
3+!ChB 7*+, -.
/011
9
4 g
7+j !C (
1: >566
+3g"L,j
 E{F!C(65X : >
C@d
0
30 r1566
  7*+, -.
/01,M
C ,jWh-M19q
*+, -.
/0L(

(<{ d
E{F(
 5X : >3+p
k"  7
 K
k"E{F3+p 7E{F
 IL(b
3+p 7*+, -.
/01,Md.

9
 !C(65X(M
C@EruM0
3F566!C +3: >
*+, -.
/01,M
C  Wh-M19q EF
 ( 
k" !E{F(   7
 KEF( BP1E{F
566 4 g
d + u Z J
R
+Q
Wh-
 KQ
Wh-CsEF!"EF!"z+
0g'
 
 
 

-



9-3+p
 

dXb- +jb5"

 
k"

 

4 g
7

 C

7566

 

 
 g"1+          
0

 {  {  {  {  {   d
0
3
@ 
C
+


 z
IJ



       




 

 0
3
 {  {  {    {  
+"!EF"57+jb
4 g  
C@566

"5 +jbXb d
7
4 g
7566

 

 
 B "
k     3+p

9 

 C


 z+      

   {  {   IJ



 0
3

0
3

   
 {  {

+  

 

   

 {  {  {  {

 ruM

 

   

+"!EF"57+jb
4 g  
C@566

 


Q
<b
* W
?+C
*M IJ"4;
, -.
/017*+

 +B3
; 9 d  (6: > 566;
WhC+, -.
/01z  dV>*+'
d|9
C J

+0M IJM
H+d| ;
 , -.
/01g(" 
C
. p(
*+h;< WhC+ Kd
+"!EF"!EF"!z(EF
Q|
C JgR
hCu K
 
 
 
 
Xb d
 
 
 B
 
 "
k 
 
  
 

7
; + d

+3B3
e

7
; + d
+3B3
e

- 566

 

- 566

 

-+ -(-+ -(

 

 

{- - {-  

 

{- - {-  

 

{- - {-  

 

 3+p

{- - {- -

9 

{- - {- -

+"!EF ;
 +7d+3B3
e  566

( z+"!1EFM1k6 r1 (d


 !B3
e 9q E{F!C(65X(M566M1
 !C E{F(6
9 ;Wh-grt+KdWh-
IJV+0
<M( , -.
/01
)*+
?
9
Cbd 
 4 g
B3
e  K566
 

(M1 >V
kP > :;
"WhC !C
+d.
+<Md { u, -.
/01,M ' *+3+p
>5(bL(65X : >I;
"WhC !C+d  9

(9M1Wh- E{F , -.
/01,M
C
 ' *+ "
k9q E{F!C(65X(MM1Wh-
, -.
/01,M!,j ' *+  ( E{F

, -.
/01,Md. ' *+7B(b(
PL
;
"+ !C7 9 dB3
e  !C(65X(M566
9q <ME{FM1Wh- K,j
 
+0+d7(b
+3B3
e
 566

Xb d
 B

>  ++   


(

 

"
k      3+p

 

9 

 

     

  {  {    {  

+ 

 

(

  

 

     

 {  {    {

 c

+ 

 

(

 

 

     

    {    {  

+"!+0EF+d|; M1
C 7+3B3
e  566

 
+0+d7(b
+3B3
e
 566
 IJEF+ 

Xb d

9 

 B "
k     3+p

EF  d(

 

 

     

  

 

 {  {  

 IJEF+ 
EF  d(

 

 

     

  

 

 {  {  

0  d+ 

 

 

     

  

 

     

 ruM
 

(

+"!+0EF+d|; M1
C 7+3B3
e  566
 
 
 

( z+EF!"z"!1EF9q E{F(6


, -.
/01!C 05<(a 
)*++  J3
h(7 9 dB3
e +"566;< +>+
<M+  ,(68-+B
T0M
<r 3
e 
, -.
/0L1+0T>
)*+,h(d
 7 9B3
e +M566>1+
 <+'r
. p L<
M+h /1;, -.
/01*+
)

+d  '6M r1 V3
e
 K566

F<Mz+ ( ;<6u EF!"EF!" +Cs


F( ;<6EFdcr ( ;<6E{
 ( ;<6E{FdEIJ
, -.
/01 (
11E{FhdEIJ F
d+ !;<C 03+5 1h*)
+
 K566 B3
e  !M

!-3+p* ' +, -.
/011IJEF!"+hK M1g9q d4 1 ru 5<;|+ >,j
 
j3 !C
Z 0B3
e
!C
bJz({ Wh-
 K!C!C
3+0J!C+7566 B3
e
 W<

bQ

  
1R
0M,bV'+3

7*+, -.
/01
j>T0?IJ?+Ch
d
jt566  Z 0kU
t J566 +y J
 K
j> h-V6 6'
 Z 0kU
tsjU (6
jEF!"+ z(
9q E{F!C(65X : > 6'd
j 7566
 K M1
d
,M4 9(
VWh-B
<EF!"+ z(
9
9q E{F(Wh-5X : >d
'  ~
 566 4 
hB 7*+, -.
/01
 7E{F
k" 7E{F(Wh-5X 
9
 M1kj
tK3+p7E{F
 

  T0  + j c


L
566d
<b+d
3|!C
, -.
/01+0
-  *+1
e@] 7!C/
dq'T0>
  6('1@b
!C"4(; K r
 
 

 d
,j
 
 
 B
 
 "
k 

 >d
jt
j

+0 >
j

-' 6

d
jt' 6

 
- 

 
-   

{-  

 

{- -

 

{-  

 

{- -

 
  

-

 
{- -

{-  

 
 3+p



{



 {

9 

{  



 {

+"!EF >d
jt
j'  6


Q
<b
 W4
?+C
4?T0, -.
/01.
)*+
+ 0Md
bT0 kk X
566  K
+"!EF
Q| K
C JgR

'+"!EF 
j7d, -.
/01.*+
kMd
b kk|X

C6
U T0
 K566
> +\:
ju  (6, -.
/01z  
d
 ]
-
 ' *+ Wh-5X(M(9q E{FM1
Wh 
56(T0L
' H
Zj'rb"4 |tT  j` Wh-
 
b"4 r'

-d
bd
Q
k>H+d
3(;c
'B
'9
>zrwPMM
J!Ckk%7. ++
+
d T0b X
566  
-b"4
  9|! 9k T+ 
(PKKKKd "4d
  K
-
 
 
 d
,j
 B

MX
d
b   +0M  
d
b

    


 

    

   {

 {

 
 "
k   

   {

 {

  

 

   {

 {

 3+p

 

   {

 {

9 

 

   {

 {

+"!+ EFMd
bT0 kk X
566  

 
 /+"!EF
ju  (6d
 ]
-
T0 
 kk% , -.
/01,M+0566 ' *+
3+p8-(9q E{F5X : >g"LM1Wh-
 j
t<{ 6b"4|
T 3+p
MtX

C0 +0

( "+

C kk
 9Wh-7
(
XM b
X
Z0!d
` '6 KP1 ( 1d
X


9  (6dMd
9+ 
 kk
, -.
/01 g ' *+B{
 E{F5X(M
9qM1z
- Kz,j
 

Q
<b W
r
?+C
*?T0, -.
/01.
)*+
 ud
b
<r|kU 
C 0  K566
+"!EF
Q|ke 
C 0
  
 

+0!
t<rke 
!
t<rke{    Z 0
{  
!
t<rkeZ 0

+0!
t<rke

  566

 d
  Z 0

d
,j
 3+p


 

B
9  

 

{  
  {

 {
{  

 {    {

   (     ( 


 

 "
k         
+"!EF!
t<rke Z 0

 566

 
  M1k6 r11MEF1EF!"+ /
{FZ(6
1566
 C 0kU|d
b;k <r
 E{F(6
9  M19q E
 K566  Z 0kU
t<r!C

t<r>4 Ld
,jz 6d
j]
-u Q
'
M19q E{F(61: >566  Z 0kU
8-56
566  Z 0kU
t!C<0 01B 
  7E{F
C 4 Ld
,jz wL(
 3+p
k" * ' |+, -.
/01|,M+Q
5 
<
 K
{ 7EF3+p 7E{F5X(M
, -.
/01<+0.'
B
(3LEF!"+
 K566  Z 0kU
t3+!Ch*+
 
 V(' 

6
qf
b<
-

 (

-  {
 

 

 

 <rd
6
9M+0  

 

  9 bIJf
b<
M    {
 566

 Z 0ke;
!R7<r+0B
(31EF!"+

 
!-LV(-<rd
6
9M+01EF!"+ /

t M1 J
)*+, -.
/01<+

,1+0E FZ J


@Hd': >566  Z 0kU
 bIJf
b<
MZ 566  Z 0kU
t<r h
 Kr
r +

6
qf
b!<
 9
 W43
<
bQ


)*+, -.
/01.T0?43
?+g9q.hP15+<Mh 566 T0!p
901!C /j>
.hP1
9 1566 4 
h,1.3 M1
 + 890
6J!C+* h,1890
6J!C+
6/j M1 wL<!1EF!"+ /
Fg
< 7 M1 E{F!C(65X 566 T0!p
901
 K566 T0!p
9016/j E{
 * ' +, -.
/01  M11Q
5j
9
 !C(65X(M566 T0!p
901 /jrL,j!*+, -.
/01,M
C  Wh-M19q E{F

k" * ' +, -.
/01!E{F( B ' 
(b
3+p* ' +, -.
/01,Md.
E{F(
F!C(65X 566 T0!p
901
-M1g /j: >  
 K,jWh-M19q E{
 566 WM
t566 T0
(Q
Wh-j
t
 
 
1rjQ
-z< (6566 <U: >43
6 
+ 
C3!C ( (Q
Wh-j
t1P1 3
 <566 T0b d
3+c;(

9 MXr

C3
Q
Wh-j+"M
<rM9
6  +`

T0 T0W6!
9M566 ! ';4/ 566(/
Z Yh
L 0"  K
 
 
 

g /jT0
566-

566-

 d
kk
 
 B

 

+0g /jT0

-9

 


 



 

   {    { 

 "
k   {    {  
  

 

   {    {  

   {    {    3+p


9 

   {    {  

+"!g /jEFT0  566


 

+"!+0B
(31EFg /jT0 g(" 566
M1  K


3d
 IJ+"!1+\EF
j]
-
7B
(3L
'
+0., -.
/01g /j
)*+h

!C+T0!p
90163 566 
 M"1
;6
(VL: >EF( "L
, 7r'Z61
'@14 566<R 
C<R 9
'j +0Z
,9aIJ?je
 ( 8
E{F

W+ .>< E{F(  u

!
d('+0 g 0?
'g '786"  
 
d
k5X(MX(  W61: >K
9C g'E{F
Ts
90L(;c|T0 0
566? "(
g
"
d 9
d.d
k(b
X ( PL
 KE{F
 B
(3L

' ( 

 P"1
;6 

   


><  u

 {  

 Xd
R

 {  

+0
,9aIJ?je
 {   8
+0 0?
'g '786

 {  

"  
  <d
R
+"!EFB
(3L|+0IJT0

 {  
 K566


Q
<b
@ W
?+
@?T0, -.
/01g
4M
)*+ J!Ch+4 g
3  K566

+{s"!u +\EF
j]
-
(7M1. 
>4 g
!CM
'MK566
q7++ -
ta
>H
Ok+4ML
1!C

J7E F': >"L
'9q E{F(6gM1d

J  < 
1+4M

C/  
C(65 
<+<M(.
{M4M 
k!C
t
!C

9-(b
 99q E{F(  6
r!C

J

 Z
(P1
 4Mbd<
.d
1E{F(  9
4MkeT0
LQ(b
.
+<M*+  KPL
> Wh-
Q
90'(, -.
/0L T0*+
 
g 1 566keT0d
b++ !Ckk <b
h-7
tk"IJ
@J Jd
('bR
P('b7`b

 '(
d'
Wh-Z

 (0d,j Lh
h-566
6
3!CM+<O< Kk
 

+ 4M

' ( 

q7++ -
ta
>H {    Ok


(P1bd<
.d  9

 

 {


k6
t

9- {     9
keT0
LQ *+

 

 {

+"!EF4M
4 g  566
 


Q
<b
e W0
?+C
eJM IJ0
7d
R
-
g
4 566 , -.
/01
CC J
)*+!Ch
+3
>7 
-?1T0 Wh-Zd
k K
C+>+
+"!EF. k R
4 g  K566

+"!1+\EF<!M1 wL + R


7
4 g 9q E{F!C(65X : >566M1
 + E{Fg
< 7Wh- K k
z(h+<
+ (6B7 R
4 g 566
, -.
/01|,M+| ' *+ "
k!C(65X(M3+p
'  "
k9q EFM1Wh- ,j
 ' E{F K3+p
+ (65X 
97 R
4 g .
/01,M+566
, ' *+ E{F
Wh-56( ' EFB8-( Kg"L
 
> Wh-+ (65X ,Mg9T>Z61V
7 R
4 g k6 r1566  K
 
 
 

 
 d
,j

   B





7 R
g

+0 7 R

4  566


4 g  566

 
  

   

 
9 

 

         

  "
k           

   {    {  
  

    {    {    3+p

 
 

9 

   {    {  

 
 

 
 566

 (' 
 {

 
4 g
 REF!"+
 
  k

    +bV 3e


d
R

   

 Z0
<61
k . 

 {  

++1(3
 4"b++;F rd
R

 E(3
 : { 3J

 {  

 Xd
R

 {

 

 4 b
!

 {

 

  
d
R

 {

 

 4"b
0X

 Kd
kWh-+>Z 1EF!"+
 566 4 g
d
REF!"+
 

7 M1
CC |d
kr11EF!"+ /
Wh-(65X IL +
 rd
R8-566 4 g

:;(d
Cb M1
<M h LE{F k
 Z JgR
.7 < +({ Wh-566 T0

j
0Z  566 4 g
d + 
j
<
3Q
6
w!c+UM566 4 g
7+jbd
0
+0
B3
e  !M1g(" (bd+("3
b?
/
 K566

8d
k(; rd
k: > X8u: > +

(bE{F(  6
r L+h +T0WM1
<M
 
C9dX 
4 g 566
MH g'
Z

9 3gr L1 T0W6!
!s X
566 ` '6
'3Z 0+Q
j'
  < V k6 566 KX
. d
Rd.

9 
k1(b
Z0
<6 ( r
r
EFh- +
!
6L
>.30I@('
d 
k7
<b+0` 
j +P d

> (566 K+ jb
!
 R
1(b
d.
4 b  ( 
r'ME{F
<4(
>7:
1e!d
b<M+b

C 0!'e< 
C9 
tWh-+ k++7"+
 ?+p(;T0: 566+0 '9+3Ld(; r
 k.M
J(3
bb"4 3CjT0(b 566
 K
90
8ud
k 
b
0Xb"*j 4(Wh-5X : >
('
EE{Fz k
tIJ
j'j
+3  !
566d
/ j|75j: >PL
('j 0
E3FB
<
566> >>+
>
j'B>
C611
pk68 
0>K+
-
 +/  Rj' j%+3 7(k566

4 
@
4 9
3
h-7 b
 +PMW
@g'566Q49( ><7
CR1 d
943
 1  K
C
 

Q
<b W086
r

0 M1d
 
k T0?086
r?+C
 K
C JgR|Q
EF!"+566
 
(-'-

 566 0d
b
k

 

 

 

 {

 

 .
"+RL. `

 {

 

  (+d+

 {  

 d.<

 {

 

 h
3Ld
C 

 {

 

8Q
kP11'bd
C 
 d
b
 566 0d
b
k EF!"+

 
M1d
 
k 7

(j]
-1EF!"+ /
F( 
kbWhpIL(b
d.<d.
: >K566 0 
  6
r(b
.
"+RL. `.
E{
 5X(M "
(r
k9(Wh-jE{F(
  (+d+E{Fh
3Ld
C E{F
 ( PL(b
d
b8Q
kP1'bd
C d.

 KE{F
d
('b8Q
kP1h
3L+; B
Q
Wh-Cs

j (

1566  + jb+0
 7d
b
 M1+566 0d
9+k9 (+d+
|d+
j
<
>3Z JgR {
Wh-+M

; M1
C  !B3
e 566> Wh-
Q

90M1r1 "T0.!C
RT0 !CQ!CQ
"+R1
;kT00d
b  K566
+6
-g j8Q
kP1d
('b 7!C d
b

@J+ jb 
!C+0`d
b
!-+| K
C6
U
 

(J 9-1T0+6
9, -.
/01M1
)*+
 +7 (+dB3
e +37!C566Xr 
b
|
 K
C66

Q
<b W0:
r
?+0:
r?1T0+3M1 5661
MJZ
C !C+"!EF
Q|
hC 
C JgRk K
 
1 Z
MH    566

( 

' 

 

 {  

! 9b

 {  

Z M  

 {  


k+w ' 86

 {  

".;k {    d

%< d

 {  

Vw  

 {  

(;0: {    d


kb
bd<
. d

 {  


b 

 {  

+3
 

 {  

+"!1EF+3

 566

 
 /+"!1rEF+3 M1g(" 566
  /
9+1!9b+w '
9-86
+3 zr1 M1g(" 566 .
{M!9b

(bL9q E{F( I!C

J @
( Z 
k
+w ' EF( 86
 < 
1L
VM
 W8
9
 
 J +3
 ( E{F
 J(;: E{Fd
kb
V  Jw  E{F
" J.;kdbd<
.*j d('  
9C
 E{F
 J
 ( E{F
 JZ M  ( E{F
 J
%< E{F( d
 J
b ( E{F
'Wh-
QM180   9-u d
 +k9566

7(;:89h8!9bh-4 jOQ
kP J, -.
/01w7*+
  r1z
d
,j 07j<rb K49


Q
<b  W04
?+ 04?B
(31T0+3 566M1g("  9 +"!EF
Q|
h-7
C JgR
 K
 
-' -(

 B
(3L

 

 

 

03keT0 d
b

 {  

+0M
kb
 ('b

 {  

>+ d
b

 {  

+"!B
(31EF+3

566  9

 
( z+"!1EF(VL +3 g(" 566
, -.
/01 J
)*+!Ch+03-3
keT0d
b 9q E{FZ(65X!C

J
(V
86
r>+ Z(65X : >d
b
 
E{F+0M
kb
 +
.
('b ( r
r
9q E{F K!C

J
JWh-
+Q 9-L'(u566
 T0+0(
7++ 
c+>1+RHd03keM
C 0
+RWh-
9K
-
IJQ('b
 +0( 
C
>

, -.
/01d*+   
-+/  R
9-


d
('b
 
-+M
++

-.
~74M
 
bT
C
j3  Kg/M1g' 
C

Q
<b
* W0
?+
*0?+0B
(31T0+3 7566(;:M1g(" 89  K
+"!EF
Q|hC 
C JgRu K
 
 
 

+0B
(31+3 7566(;:
 89


>1 566
 
?01+3  Z
 
"b"4  
 
 

7M  +`b 

 
 
 
 
 
 

' ( 
 

 {

 

 {

 {  
 {  

7M  +'  

 

 {

kb
8j1 'b

 

 {

F<  E+
"
90g(" 
-h
3L

  z

 
+"!+0B
(31EF+3

 

 {

7566(;: 89

 
( z+
1M14M++0

(31
- +
+3 7566(;:891
j
-
Wh-z 
(6

{ 68-Z +3M +0B


(3LWh- 
KB
(3L
 W8
9


C( '9 MB
(3L
 < 1Kg(" 
C JgR
 
 E{F(  4"b "J
 E{F( `b7M  + J
 E{F( E+ <F 'b
kb
8j1 J
z((.
 '7M  +566>
1  J
 E{F(
 E{F( z 
h
3Lg(" 
-
90 "J
+  (6
j
 C JgR
<3Q
64 jQ
Wh-
 L
 566 T0Zkk k d
  Z J
U

OPL
( Ld
X M1<
J 9-1T0+
M+h
M1 (6  Z J
R
4 j
9K
C ` '6
T0P1 +6
-`b7566 +  

7
-M49d
,M4 9566 +P
kJ
 K*+, -.
/01(89:;(z7
C3
,M+089:;(7566 +3+0+Z J
y
.
6
-z 
h
3Lg(" 
-
90 <M1  "

b
ac;(\
7d
9+k 566 (
0 4Yh

 d
 T0566 .
>-@
6
C(
 <;'Y
 K
C 0 JM +"
9P1 3 
C JR k
 W0<

bQ

M1
C +| ( Ld
XT0?04
?+|Q
EF!"+d
X!C
J+  
  "1
C +|d
Xu 
C JgR

 
-` '6- 6j- 3- 6
bL - 6
(3 
 X
 

 

 

   

 

 

'  

 

     

 

(     {  {  {  {

 

+"!EFd
X ( L|M1
C +  
 

 
 /+"!1EFX 8-` '6XrL+3

M1!s +  9q E{F
C(65X!C

J
h-Wh-Z !
4 M X8b
0
6 < 
1K43d
X
g< M+3 M1+( + 
C d.
{MX 6j

(bE{F(  6
r

-+ d.X(b
 3r
r
(E{F
d.X(b
 6
bL  (E{F
hM1B  +3  KP1 ( 1d
XL!C
(
J+bd
X+"!
EFZ JgR
hC Q
6k K
 
   -3 - 3b

<H   
 
 X

 

y 

  -(-  -(- -( 

 

 

 

  {    {    {   ` '6

       

      6j

       

      3

   

   

      6
bL

  ( Ld
X<
J+ EF!"+
 
 ` '6 ( Ld
X+ 1
+ /
g
y + d
X!<C (
+  "!C(6 c+;|  (9!C
T0!pk>IJW h((6
C +|' `6 X(

1d
X 
g'

C< !C9s9ME{F5X  M1
{F
y + ` '6 ( <65X : >Bb
 + 
C6
<H56
wL(<ME


C6
<HE{F(6E{F5X : >3

9-T0+6Q
Wh-T0.
 3b +
 IJ!-tR
 ( Ld
X  !M1
d
XWh-IJZZ
6J!
y
j3 !9<
H 
 K
C ` '6 OPL

 W04
<
bQ

u  M1d
>"T0?IJ04
?+C

7z3+9(
566 +3d
R O
 KuhC 
C JgR|Q
EF!"+
 

 (' 

 d
> "

 {  

566 B3
e7z3+9 9 d"
J

 {  

 K
7!"g7566 +PM

 {  

 K!C(
' 7h
3566 M

 {  

 Kh
3L+0
b566 7Ok M

 {  

 K X
+ 9d
6
+0".


 566

 K
9C
+3

+3d
R Ou  M1d
>"EF!"+

 
 9 d"
J <>M1 (
1IJ
+
d
R O
9C
+3566 B3
e7z3+9
g'@f "hC   MEF
@1: >566 +3
.
T0L(8-56
!C

J9q E{F(6
5X 
7!"g7h
3566 +PM 6
r(b

 +PMr
r(b
.
!C

J9q E{FZ(6
 ( !C(
' 7h
3566
 + 9d
6
+0
".
  (b
.
E{F
 
566 7Ok Mf
"E{F(  X

 KE{FZ(65X (
b
h
3L+0
b
+37!C
C   M1(T0Q
Wh-+
hb+ (|,j
C OPL
566 B3
e

 9-u !C 0gr Lg'


r+ed
<Wh- 
j3
C-
 K ;< 9 d+(
J
d
<
PJ/  M180Q
Wh-*'h
 r+e
 KbfR "

  566

X
+ 9d
6
+0".
 / 
@H
jBXb 

g/M1566
 j3 *+, -.
/0LT8' 
d

d
('t 
 d
'( 
! u'Y
 gQ
-!+ j9M b
0 0 
-c` 
 K!C
3!C! \
C `!CM
<+`!-+ j|d
b
 Wd
Rd
><b
 Wd
><b

C
4 7"

1t566 +3 !9 J
7

*+, -.
/014 9 +Wh-MT0e
 K!C(
'
566 ( 9'
! '
7+++3 !9 J
T0
-6Z{-
 ! 9kZ+Qaz;8
 !7

<M
7*+, -.
/0LV3
bV+M566
 K +<b'
 !
.wz r+ed
<
 
d
('b+ `J
7*+, -.
/01(+0
b566
q7z Q
kPL
 Kz !0+b!+<
C6
U|d
bT0r
d
X7*+, -.
/0LX.
j't
j J
d
b
 MH!pT ` '6 X
C OPL
( L
 K
PZ  566 
90

! 9d
( 4 M J+3'
7r+e
 
 
 
 
<(b 
b
b
kd
b Mb

 Wd
R
 .
6J J`<78
b

dI
+0Jw  !V+T0g -u<
d +<b 
j
, -.
/01t*+(
q7'
d
b
d
k J.(;c  T0

h-7d
 K
 Jg9
6T080<8
b@gPQ49

M! 9+3'
7r+e !83
3L
 K3b
 JP4M aB3
e ` g'5667C9
 Wh-d
< 4 MJ
MXrd
d
k|M
z ud C|9

Rd
9e
4 g'
9r+eza

 56

9C K!CM
 Jg9
`bT0b<< {8{j
"z  9( +P 
' +<bh j
j
j3 {
dw 
Q 0b
;< h- K?+p
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W+9b4 b
 
Rd B
dKs  J
8 B
g(<b0
RMb + 1+1 J
 0H5'EF!"


9089:;(dP
3g 1 J
 49 +P('  6L

0
'd
+
1B 661 J
jM
<ra*d 5'EF+Mb
 B
49qd
+
18  ! 6
(0
  J
8 
 EF+
 d
b
  Jd
9

k" .
8 +k8Q
H+;b! L
6  J

90  6
6H 9<80
9
 4

 566
 MH  JwM``+(09086
C-
+CMb(' q 0
9 7zkbz Y
LV6

  J a+CMb '(
 a
49 b
9<B

 +9
-
 { 3Jd
3 9"{j4 g
d+ <Wd
b
d
3+-L` -
<EF+ 03

  J { 3H 3

'jLd
b`%
31 3z> J
 
d
( bz !b+0J 6T Ug
0 > J

;(EF+ q 79
 ;(
wM Jw9(3P8U0> J

kb``+(0b
7
d
3+d
(
a+3
@
+ a+CMb(' q 6 'd
b
  a+CMb '(
EF+
 (
6 ; *T 566+61M-
 
  +d
 (z d
bd
<86-`+ 3+@-
  a+CMb '(d
0( 

'
 6 'd
b
k  
MHw9(36
--
 !3
"59>:;(L566 T0+9b
 EF+EF+d
b!0d
('b7 0d
3
  J 6Ld
('b L

 7*+, -.
/01. T U 
-

' '9b
8
 !d
3
*
+gk Mb
 9bg7! 
 gk Mb
' 9b86
r+
  J
7566  <+31
  3M
e+(0-
+<
7! 7B3
e< (83+g k;
+
+ j q
M>jb
 ;(
;(L
T0ke7566  !- J 
9r0 J
:;(+64"WB
9F89:;(  d
b
d
"b4"W  +
*q789
``+(0b+  '9bEd

  <
4"
  1`0 
R+ +(0 J
q
"

(ag(" 56
 6 ('@+3
(' 
86
r+
+ a+CMb '(
  a+CMb
 78 gjM
<
 ja+3180-

0 6 C bM
<.
 7  Wd
+;
a*d 5':
r+EF+'j
  JBjM
<r
a566 +  
b
 g *  J
EF+Mb
0+(0g(<b
 BjM
<ra*d 5'

 
566 d
;jR! <
 *
! 
-
 +3
 

86
1
  Jd
98 
 L
d


MJ4"*1g `+(0 k  J


(' q566 ('@w0 +<bd
bd
+P  

e+ a+CMb(' 
 a+CMb
  J86
r+0
b
)*+, -.
/01+3++9-
d
('b7r+ed
-
q  3W5663
  6Ld
('b L86
r+d
b
 
566  <+31(
 C (
]+9 J
<1
qd
 
7*+, -.
/01g("
'9bL+ 0
+ j 
 <1
 

k +3w9(3 j P
+(09 J
  3Wd
bd
('b
q7 6 'd
b
  d
+d
< 7566
kt  bd
C3
8 
 : 
r+
 
 d
9
789:;(566 86
r6
?
"9 6 J

L
 q

0
Q`

h jV'b C9EF+ 0



 z9b<


 Mb
0d
bk0Bg 18 0g (6 J
 BjM
<ra*5'EF+
 d
b'
8 gj 180g (6 J
5'EF!"8 B
E8 gjM
<WB
9F
 0H
49q4M+ 9 "JW  g90Pg jW< J
 -
< <b7d
b
 V 
31 j W 6 '3+bIJ7W< J
 
 EF+ q566 @('+3
*+
 ;(
;(
d
b49q7 9"{jw9(3
 1
3 J

 :
r+
 8 
  Jd
98 
 W566 04 b
 
 WT0f
 566 +(3
R+9+1 J
 www.arab-ewrites.com
 
-4"W8 d
b49q`+9+1 J
Fd
9
 +IJ +< "bd
+
 E8 d
b49q.
 7d
b 
 WT0f
 LLL
www.arabcin.net/arabic//nadweh/authors/anzawi.htm

*+7d
b < 8+9+1-
 3+d<br+>
RF+6IJ +< " 0
 E 0
 
` 
(  


3Hd
3+ Y
1
 WT0f
 L@(

 kict.iiu.edu.my/amzeki/download/bayan/ppt
 
566 
(ad
-
+ 9e+(08"@! - J J
 WT0f
 83+g k;

9C"07
C +3
 www.gedcities.com/shawky/snternetall.stud.htm
 
(a+34"
93Tjk +Q
0
{
> J
`b'(bL566 +>+X 
73+p |
 d
bd
('98 
0*
bIJ+< :
 EX 
07 M
<r 9'( bF
 w9  k C+'3H '(
 
 WT0f

 www.librariannet.com/afli/abstracts.asp
 
 ( 0
9  j
566 >
b
>-
 WT0f
 

 www.hayatnafs.com
 
f
  9  9B3
e
 '8'
b>-
 T0

 www.moe.edu.qa
 
 
 0
9 -
EE566FF b
d
b@('
g P J
 WT0f
  <
 www.angelfire.com/biz/kna/mqalat-mhadrat/
internethistory.htm
 
 
8
497 
b L8M
>T U
 J
 WT0f
 -
<7
 www.cybrarians.info/db/index.htm
 
 |d
k (-
0
68
+w .
0 J
 9F IJ+< : u566 +3
  af
{
E566 k07 9 
 WT0f
 LL zM*
6
 www.najaah.edu/arabic/conferences/it/.htm
 
 WT0f
 d
b49qOQ
kP
0Tjk 8 J
 www.ju.edu.ju
 
gQ
3+0J7Z
<; B3
e+3 P8
6--
 E566 k07 9  9F IJ+< : 9 
 
 LL JLzM*
6 af
{


 WT0f
 
 www.najah.edu/arabic/conferences/it/htm
 

kb*+, -.
/01+389 >33-
 ``+(0b)
d
(
  <!M(( d
b
 WT0f

 www.kau.edu.sa/postagraduate/resultall.asp
 
 @LBzr>
(d
-
`0 
R+ +(0-
, -.
/01W566 ('@P 
6
q>
bd
+fjb
 WT0f
 
)

"
B*+
 www.afli.cybrarians.info
 
B
(d
-
8Ue 61 ``+(0Q
0-
 3566 >'
z<-b
 Journal of humanities social sciences,rdyear,issu,
WT0f
  nov- available at
 www.uluminsania.net
 
7566 d
+P 
MHd
q80
b
3 +(0-
*+, -.
/01
-k
989:;( 9  9
 WT0f
 "
)
 www.qu.edu.qu/home/myqu/aalmannai/paper.htm
 
 WT0f
 V<g(<b
566 g(``+(0-
 www.asoet.org/jaznd/apr//ec.htm

 
 0
j 
k d
+P+3T3b``+(0 +(0-
 WT0f
 ! 7
 www.angelfire.com
 
 
 
 
 
+(0 ``+(0j+(0 <
+(0 J
 WT0f
  6 '3+b W! 7566
 www.riyadhedu.gov.sa
 
  9  9T0B3
e+31+
90-
 WT0f

 www.almdares.net
 
d
b
 '+3  ; (g 0
J
M-
+IJ +< g90"+ 0! !7d
k
0! !7d
k d
bd
<  >9 "H
 +
 WT0f
 LL LL
 www.ituarabic.org/Eeducation/poc-palestine.dok
 
3WgQ+ d
+ 6 '!+9UM-
 Q `J
0+b 6+
 WT0f
 
EF+ 6
r 6
6J0q

 www.uluminsania.net
 
:;(
q7zr>
(566
MJ+ V g/M-
 89
d
b Fd
9
 +IJ+< :
 E8 d
b49q.
 7
 WT0f
 LL JL
 www.arabcin.net
 

14"d
(3z  9", (
' 9+9-
 g <b
 WT0f
 Ew9(3Fcybrarians journal
 www.cybrarians.info/journal/no/digitize.htm
 
{j( '
k>
p+(0+9-
  9"
 WT0f

 www.ttc.edu.sa/research/res-.dok
 
Wd
bT0ke7+ jb]38 * -

7
k" B |7g d
3+Ba]3
 WT0f
 
 www.maissar.t.com/index.htm
 

T0>
b 6 'd
b1-+ 80  -
Wd
bd
('b
q7Bzr>
(T0566 ('@
 WT0f
   bd
C33
 www.kau.edu.sa/postgradualte/resultall.aspp
 
7d
r>
(
MJ
+
9 35 ! - J5 8 -
 d
bT0ke7566  d


 WT0f

www.imamu.edu.sa/college/nst/colleges/riadh/
 alowlam-algetmaen/lls/dissertations/dissertations.htm
 
566 ('@T0 >
H4"b8-+<+(0 g -
 WT0M 49jT0
-1
 www.moumineen.org.ae/najm.htm
 
 3+bd
('b7566 0:8
<
9T -
 +IJ+< : ` d



d
b49q.
 7d
b Fd
9

 E8 
 WT0f
 LLL
 www.arabcin.net/modules.php
 
  
1OQ
kP+
08jR8'
b g(q-
 
 WT0f
 d
b49q
 amzri.jeeran.com/archive/L.html

 
FWg(<b3+
 '
9r0
p+(0f+y J
 g(<b3+ +6IJ+< :E ub4"
 {-L@(
L JL

 WT0f

 www.ksu.edu.sa
 
:+ 0! 566 k07!b(Q
6-
 E566 k07 9  9F IJ+<
 LL JLzM*
6 af
{

 WT0f

 www.najah.edu/arabic/conferences/it/.htm
 
 
j d
-
566  + \!J
 WT0f

 www.moumineen.org.ae/najm.htm
 
 w < (3W566 ('@
"<
+(0z 6-
 WT0f
 d
('b7V{e
 WT0f
 E 6Fcybrarians journal
 www.cybrarians.info/journal/no/internet.htm
 
 
e<7d
bM
<8 `0
--
 WT0f
 E
Fcybrarians journal
 www.cybrarians.info/journal/no/open.htm

 
7+ 0>
b 6
 'kb+ !e+(0 J
d
('b!"d
>aL  3W  bd
C3
 WT0f
 -
<B d
bQ

 www.cairo.cybrarians.info
 
+0
t8jk!IL<ed
9 d
-
J
 WT0f
 B3
e
 www.almdares.net
 
- Elias dabeet, uses of the internet in the
teaching and learnng of statistics,
 E566 k07 9  9F IJ+< :
 LL JLzM J*
6 af
{

 WT0f

 www.najah,edu/arabic/conferences/it/.htm
 
- Wajeb garibi, on the importance of the word
wide web in enhancing the teaching-learning
 process, journal of humanitis&social scince
rd year: issu/,may-, available at:

www.uluminsania.net/ahtm
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

;+ W3
h
(3L4(;:+?+C 3?T0"4(;:, -.
/01+89+3

)*+@('
 1K566
 0t
H'! `g' K
' W WOk
 +
' W 9 
 W
*W Tr61
7ExF
@J4L44 bb W1M
 9-1+ 
 JG 7566(;:89 
 + !C+!C  !C  9-L
4 g
g- JG 566  !6
J
56uM!6
H
`b ('b
V'b


 E.

-FP1
1566 8-
<t
  EF8(>3L7 JAW566 4 g
d +0! JG
  EF8>C7 JB
 566 4 g
7Z<jh5"+< 
 JG
 0
3EF8(>3L7 JA
 0
3EF8>C7-B
  !6566HB3
e+37d5 <g- JG
 
C 5<;|d++0!'M!6
H56
J
 dc
+>
 dEFIJEF dEFIJEF 
 KruMd0
 566  Z 0gk
  6'd
j 7jg- JG
  !6
X
 kk k d
  Z

+g- JG
 566 T0 
  !6
 
 
 
 
 
 566  Z 0gk
;k rg- JG
  !6
 
9M8j

H56
J
 <rd
6
9M+0V( 

 
6
qf
b<
V( 
  9 bIJf
b<
MV( 
 E.

-FP1

(31
 
 566 T0
9016g/jg- JG
  !6
 
9M8j

H56
J
  u
><V( 
 ;
6 1" P
 Xd
R
  <d
R
 8
je?IJ
,9a +0
  "786 'g'
?0 +0
 E.

-FP1

(31
 
 566 4 g
M8-
 JG
 Ok
q7++ -
ta
>H
  9d.
<db(
P1
 
  9

9-6
t
k 
 *+LQ
T0ke
 E.

-FP14M
 
 566 4 g
7 R+g- JG
  !6
 8-
9M!6
H56
J

  +bV 3e
d
R
 Z0
<61
k . 
 E
-KKK(3
b4"b++;F:;(7d
R
 
 Xd
R
  
d
R
 4 b
!
 E.

-FP1d
R
 
 566 0
 
k 8-
 JG
 .
"+RL. `
  (+d+
 d.<
 h
3Ld
C 
 d
b8R
kP1'bd
C 
 E.

-FP1
k 
 
 566 +318-
 JG
 

 9b!
  Z M
 86 '+w
k 
 d;k."
 d
kb0:;(
 d.
<db


%< d

b 
 +3
 
1FP1 E.

-
 
B
(318-
 JG+3 566 9 
03keT0 d
b
+0M
kb
 ('b
>+7d
b  566
FP1B
(31 E.

-
 
 
+0B
(318-
 JG+3 7566(;:89 
 
>1 566
 ?01+3  Z
"b"4
kb  

kb
8j1  'b
  '
M  +
`b
M  + 
FP1B
(31 E.

-
 
1 JGd
X+ ( L 
 ` '6  6j
 3  6
bL
  6
(3 
  

 E.

-FP1d
X
 
 d
X
J+ 
 JG
 3b
 3 
 
y
 
566 +3d
R Og 1 
>"8-
 JG
 
7*+, -.
/0L(

 566 B3
e7z3+9 9 d"
J
 
7!"g7566 +PM
 !C(
' 7h
3566 M
 h
3L+0
b566 7Ok M
 h
3>
  X
+ 9d
6
+0".
 
 E.

-FP1d
>"
 
 
 
 
 
 

You might also like