Cc khi nim routing c bn Khi trong bng routing-table ca router c 2 hoc nhiu ng i n mt destination network, vic chia ti (loadbalancing)

s din ra. Qu trnh chia ti c th chia thnh hai kiu: 1. Per packet: tng packet khi i vo router s c x l ring l( process switching). Router s c destination network ca packet, search bng routing table v sau s switch packet ra interface ph hp. Do nu bng route ca router c hai ng i n cng mt a ch network, cc packet s c chia ti u trn c hai ng. 2. Per destination: ch c packet u tin thc hin theo qui trnh trn. tt c cc packet cn li s dng kt qu c lu trong cache. bng routing-table s khng c tham kho cho cc packet sau. Ch mc nh ca router l fast-switching. Bn c th chuyn sang process-switching bng lnh no ip route-cache. cn ch l ch c th thc hin debug ip packet nu router hot ng process switching. 1. AS ( Autonomous System): Mt nhm cc routers c chung chnh sch qun l, c chung mt ngun qun l k thut duy nht v thng thng dng mt IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol). Mi AS c gn bng mt s duy nht t 1 n 65535, trong gi tr t 64512 n 65535 c dng lm gi tr ring, c gn cho cc AS cc b 2. Hi t (covergence): Qu trnh tnh ton bng routing-table trn cc router sao cho tt c cc bng c chung mt trng thi nht qun. 3. chia ti (load balancing): Cho php vic truyn packet n mt network ch din ra trn hai hoc nhiu ng i khc nhau. 4. Metric: tt c cc routing protocols dng metric nh lng ng i nhm tm ra ng i tt nht. Mt vi protocol dng metric rt n gin, v d nh RIP dng hop-count. EIGRP dng metric phc tp hn, bao gm bng thng, delay, reliabiliity... 5. Passive interface: Ngn nga cc routing update gi ra mt interface no . Tuy nhin, interface ny vn c th lng nghe cc routing update do cc router khc gi v. Lnh ny c dng trong router mode. 6. Redistribution: Qu trnh chia x route c hc t cc ngun khc nhau. V d bn c th redistribute route c hc t RIP vo OSPF (trong trng hp ny bn c th gp vn vi VLSM). Hoc bn c th redistribute static route vo EIGRP. Qu trinh redistribution ny phn ln phi cu hnh bng tay ( manually) 7. Route flapping: Trng thi thay i thng xuyn ca route. Qu trnh ny c th gy ra nhng vn nghim trng. V d nh nhng h thng mng chy ospf c th phi lin tc tnh ton li database v broadcast nhng thay i ny.

8. Static route: static route c th ch n mt host, mt network. Bn cng c th dng floating static route, trong route ny c thay i gi tr AD cao hn gi tr ca cc routing protocol ang dng. 9. AD: l mt i lng ch s tin cy ca cc routing protocol.