Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng

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1
CNG THC VT L 12
CHNG I: NG LC HC VT RN
1. Phng trnh ng hc ca chuyn ng quay
a. Chuyn ng quay u: =
o
+ t ; = 0
b. Chuyn ng quay bin i u: = hng s
- nhanh dn u: . > 0
- chm dn u: . < 0
=
o
+ t
=
o
+ t +
2
1
t
2

2

o
2
= 2
2. Lin h gia tc gc v tc di: v = r
3. Gia tc tip tuyn v gia tc hng tm:
- Gia tc tip tuyn c trng cho s thay i v
ln ca vn tc: a
t
= R
- Gia tc php tuyn c trng cho s thay i v
phng ca vn tc: a
n
= R
2
=
2
v
R

4. Momen lc i vi trc quay: M = Fd
5. Momen qun tnh ca mt s vt rn ng cht:
* Vnh trn hay hnh tr rng: I = mR
2

* a trn hay hnh tr c: I =
2
1
mR
2

* Qu cu c: I =
5
2
mR
2

* Thanh mnh c chiu di l: I =
12
1
ml
2

6. Phng trnh ng lc hc: M = I
7. Momen ng lng : L = I
* nh lut bo ton momen ng lng: I
1

1
= I
2

2

8. ng nng ca mt vt rn quay quanh trc c nh:
W

=
2
1
I
2

CHNG II: DAO NG C
A. Con lc l xo:
1. Tn s gc: =
m
k
= 2t f =
T
t 2

2. Chu k: T =
e
t 2
= 2
k
m
t = 2
g
l A
t
3. Phng trnh dao ng: x = Acos ( t + )
4. Phng trnh vn tc: v = - Asin ( t + )
5. Phng trnh gia tc: a = -
2
Acos ( t + ) = -
2
x
6. H thc c lp: v
2
=
2
( A
2
x
2
)
* Khi qua v tr cn bng: v
max
= A
7. Nng lng:
* Th nng: W
t
=
2
1
kx
2

* ng nng: W

=
2
1
mv
2

* C nng: W =
2
1
kA
2
=
2
1
mw
2
A
2

8. Lc tc dng:
* Con lc nm ngang: / F/ = kx
/ F
max
/ = KA
F
min
= 0
* Con lc thng ng: / F / = mg kx = k( Al x)
bin di: / F
max
/ = k( Al A)
bin trn: F
min
= 0

Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng
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2
X
N O M
X X
+
|F| = k| A l A |
B. Con lc n:
1. Tn s gc: =
l
g

2. Chu k: T =
e
t 2
= 2
g
l
t
3. Phng trnh dao ng ( li cong ): s = s
o
cos ( t + )
( li gc): =
o
cos ( t + )

4.Tc : v =
0
cos (cos 2 o o gl )
5. Lc cng dy: T = mg ( )
0
3cos 2cos o o
6. Nng lng:
* Th nng: W
t
= mgh = mgl ( 1 - o cos )
* ng nng: W

=
2
1
mv
2

* C nng: W =
2
mgl
2
0
o =
l
mg
2
s
0
2
=
2
2
e m
s
0
2

C. Con lc vt l:
Chu k: T =
e
t 2
= 2
mgd
I
t
D. Tng hp dao ng:
A
2
= A
1
2
+ A
2
2
+ 2 A
1
A
2
cos (
1 2
)
tan
2 1
2 1
cos cos
sin sin

A A
A A
+
+
=
- Hai d cng pha: A = A
1
+ A
2
;
2 1
= =
- Hai d ngc pha: A = / A
1
A
2
/ ; =
1
hoc
=
2

- Hai d vung pha: A =
2
2
2
1
A A +
CHNG III. SNG C
1. Bc sng: vT
f
v
= =
2. Phng trnh sng:



u
O
= A cost
u
M
= Acos
(

|
.
|

\
|

v
x
t e = Acos
(

|
.
|

\
|

t
x
T
t
2
u
N
= Acos
(

|
.
|

\
|
+

t
x
T
t
2
3. Phng trnh sng tng hp ti M:
u = 2A cos |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
2 cos
2
2 t
t
t

t
ft
d

4. iu kin c sng dng:
* Hai u dy c nh: l = n
2

vi n = 1,2,..: l s bng
*C mt u t do: l =
2 2
1
|
.
|

\
|
+ n n l s b
5. Giao thoa sng:
* lch pha: ) (
2
1 2
d d = A

t

* Biu thc sng tng hp:

Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng
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3
u = 2A
( )
|
.
|

\
| +

t
2
2 cos cos
2 1 1 2
d d
ft
d d

* V tr cc i: d
2
d
1
= k
* V tr cc tiu: d
2
d
1
= |
.
|

\
|
+
2
1
k
6. Mc cng m:
L (B) = lg
0
I
I
hoc L (dB) = 10 lg
0
I
I

7. Hiu ng p-ple:
Gi: v
M
: tc my thu
v
S
: tc my pht
v: tc truyn m
f: tn s nghe c
f: tn s ngun pht
- Qui c: li gn tn s tng; ra xa tn s gim
' .
M
S
v v
f f
v v

CHNG IV: DAO NG IN T
1. Bc sng:
f
c
cT = = vi c = 3.10
8
m/s
2. Tn s gc:
LC
1
= e
3. Chu k: LC T t 2 =
4. Tn s:
LC
f
t 2
1
=
5. in tch: q = q
o
cos ( ) e + t
6. Cng dng in: i = - q
o
sin( ) e + t
= - I
O
sin( ) e + t
7. Hiu in th: u = ( ) e + t
C
q
cos
0
= U
0
cos ( ) e + t
8. Nng lng in trng: W
C
=
2
2
1
Cu
9. Nng lng t trng: W
L
=
2
2
1
Li
10. Nng lng in t: W = W
C
+ W
L


=
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
2
1
2
1
q
C
LI CU = =
CHNG V. DNG IN XOAY CHIU
1. T thng qua mi vng dy: o cos BS = u
2. Sut in ng ca khung dy: e = NBS cos ( ) e + t
= E
O
cos ( ) e + t
3. Ga tr hiu dng:
2
;
2
0 0
U
U
I
I = =
4. Mch RLC ni tip:
- Cm khng: Z
L
= L
- Dung khng: Z
C
=
e C
1

- Tng tr: ( )
2
2
C L
Z Z R Z + =
- lch pha gia u v i:
R
Z Z
U
U U
C L
R
C L

=

= tan
- H s cng sut:
Z
R
U
U
R
= = cos
* Z
L
> Z
C
: mch c tnh cm khng; >0

Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng
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4
* Z
C
> Z
L
: mch c tnh dung khng; <0
5. nh lut m:
* on mch cha R: U
R
= IR
* ---------------------L: U
L
= IZ
L

* ---------------------C: U
C
= IZ
C

* --------------------RLC: U = IZ
= ( )
2 2
C L R
U U U +
5. Biu thc u v i:
* Cho i = I
O
cos t:
- on mch cha R: u
R
= IoR cos t
- ---------------------L: u
L
= IoZ
L
cos (t+
2
t
)
- ---------------------C: u
C
= IoZ
C
cos (t-
2
t
)
- --------------------RLC: u = IoZcos (t+)
* Cho u = U
O
cos t
i = I
O
cos (t -)
6. Cng sut ca mch in:
P = UI cos = IR
2

7. Hin tng cng hng:
* Z
min
= R ; I
max
=
R
U

*
LC
1
= e vi Z
L
= Z
C

* u v i cng pha : = 0
* cos
max
= 1
* U
L
= U
C
; U = U
R

8. Tn s ca my pht: f = np
9. My bin p:
1
2
2
1
2
1
I
I
N
N
U
U
= =
10. Cng sut hao ph trn ng ti in:
2
2
U
P
R P = A
CHNG VI. SNG NH SNG
1. Tn sc nh sng:
* sin i
1
= nsin r
1 *
sin i
2
= nsin r
2

* A = r
1
+ r
2 *
D = i
1
+ i
2
A
Trng hp gc nh: D = A ( n-1)
2. Giao thoa nh sng:
- V tr vn sng: x = ki
a
D k
=

vi k = 0;
... 2 ; 1
- V tr vn ti:
a
D
k x

|
.
|

\
|
+ =
2
1

- Khong vn:
a
D
i

=
- Bc sng:
D
ai
=
3. Bc sng ngn nht ca tia Rnghen:

eU
hc
X
=
min

CHNG VII. LNG T NH SNG
A.Hin tng quang in
* iu kin c hin tng quang in:
0
s
1. Gii hn quang in:
A
hc
=
0


Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng Cng thc Vt L 12 Gio vin L Th Tuyt ng
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5
2. Nng lng photon:

c
hc
hf = =
3. Phng trnh Anhstanh: + = A c
2
2
0
mv

4. iu kin dng quang in trit tiu:
2
2
0
mv
eU
h
=
5. Cng dng quang in bo ha: I
bh
= ne
n = s electron bt ra trong mt giy
6. Cng sut bc x: P = Nc
N = s photon p vo trong mt giy
7. Hiu sut lng t: H =
N
n
%
B. Mu nguyn t Bo:
1. Bn knh qu o dng: r
n
= n
2
r
o

2. S bc x v hp th nng lng ca nguyn t:
E
n
E
m
= hf
3.nh lut v s hp th nh sng:
I = I
o
e
- d

I
o
: cng ca chm sng ti mi trng
: h s hp th ca mi trng
CHNG VIII. S LC V THUYT TNG
I HP
1. S co di:
2
2
0
1
c
v
l l =
2. S chm li ca ng h chuyn ng:

2
2
0
1
c
v
t
t

A
= A
3. H thc Anhstanh:
2
2
2
0 2
1
c
c
v
m
mc E

= =
CHNG IX. HT NHN NGUYN T
1. ht khi: ( ) | | m m Z A Zm m
n p
+ = A
2. Nng lng lin kt ca ht nhn: W
lk
=
2
.c m A
3. Nng lng lin kt ring:
A
W
lk
= c
4. nh lut phng x:
T
t
t
N
e N N
2
0
0
= =



T
t
t
m
e m m
2
0
0
= =


( )
t
T
t
e N N N

=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
= A 1
2
1
1
0 0

5. phng x:
t
T
t
e H
H
H

= =
0
0
2

N H N H = = ;
0 0

6.Nng lng trong phn ng ht nhn:
A + B C + D
m
o
= m
A
+ m
B
; m = m
C
+ m
D

* m < m
o
: phn ng ta nng lng W = ( )
2
0
c m m
* m > m
o
: phn ng thu nng lng. Nng lng cung
cp: ( )

W c m m W + =
2
0