Mecanica Dos Solidos Exercicios Resolvidos by HUBERTT GRUN

CHAPTER | fica en ced oer fecal pas (ere ee oes eeeies Ceaadeel aa fom = co oO I ier a PROBLEM 1.1 1.1 Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown, Knowing thatd, = 30 mm and d, = $0 mm, find the average normal stress in the mid section of (a) rod AB, (4) od BC 4 1250N p : at rg {iret irl SOLUTION (a) rod AB Force! P= 60x/0° N tension Area At Bat = F(aoxe*) = 706,36 210% m! EEE GO IOs He “ Gie® Kk * GeRerIo® = 34.88%/0° Pa Gig = 84.9 MPa =e Nor mo? stress? (by tod BC Force: P = Goxso* -(2)(i2sx10") = -190xX/0" N Areas As Bat = Plsonio)* = 1.1635 x10"* m* Hee ey Normal stress: Goo t pe = Eee = - 96.77x10% Pa See2 -96.8 MPa =eea: fa PROBLEM 1.2 1.2 Two sold ylindrical rods 4B and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown. Keowing thatthe average normal stress must not exceed 150 MPa in ether fod. determine the smallest allowable values ofthe diameters d, and d; 4 125kN gp ? | om (ite aoc SOLUTION vod AB Force! P= GOx10% N Stresc! Gg = 1S0¥10% Pa. Area? Az $a," P Seek 2 AE mgt. £ Fay + Se, ) eee G(6GOxto*) _ ae d, Tee A UISOROeD = 509.3 x10 m Ay = 22.56 x10 im d, = 22.6 mm ~ rod BC Force P= Goxlo® - (2Xiasxloh) = - 190x105 N Stress! Gee= - 150x/0° Pa Anat At Fake 2d = See = K nae a 2. EP | WAG 190 x0 a este a, = HGy, 7 TT iso x10) = 16128 «10° mM dy = 40.16 «10° om d,? 402mm } EM, =O — (0,010) Fy, — (0.025 + 0,010 )(20%10*) = © Feo = 22.5 ¥)0" N Link BD js in tension EMg= 0 - (0.09) Fig ~ (0,025)(20x/0") = O Fog = IRS x10 N Link CH is in compression Net anea of one Sink For tension = (0,008)(0,086 - 0,016) = 160x/0" o*, For two parable Maks Anat = B20 (0° m* Tensile stress in dink BD 3 © @ 6a fe 2 EESESe = lol.serio” o 106 HPA Area fon one Pink in compression = (0,008 )(0.036) = R88x 10 mt Fortwo para tle? finks A= 576 115* w* — Fe, -l25mwio® . ne (by Sa = KR = Se wio® 7 7 AN70MIO” or “2.7 MPa GE = Se = TT IOS Pa ) Soe = - 4.77 MPa ttc ii: eee mo PROBLEM 1.15 1.18 The wooden members 4 and B are tobe joined by plywood splice plates which will be fully glued on the surfaces ia contact As part of the design ofthe joint and knowing thatthe clearance between the ends of the memibers isto be 8 mm, determine the smallest sllowable length L ifthe average shearing stress in the glue is not to exceed 800 kPa SOLUTION There are Four separcte areas at glue. Each orea must transmit halh of He 240N foud. There Fare Fo= 12k = 12105 N Shearing stress in que t= B00 x10% Pa 3 : ee Rs Ae Be Babee loot het 2= Pengh F qhe avea and wx width = 100 mm = Ot m a3 Az dwn De Ae smite = 150 415% my © ISO mm b> 2+ gap = (@ISod+ 8 = BOR mm = 1.16 Determine the diameter of the largest circular hole which can be punched into 1 sheet of polystyrene 6-mm thick, knowing that the force exerted by the punch is 45. [kN and that a 55-MPa average shearing stess is required to cause the material to fail PROBLEM 1.15, SOLUTION A= Tat for eydindwead Pardove suetans Sheor ng stress we < a Ae Equeting AY adt = 2 String for dt de Ras a 48.4010] d= 43.4 1m(fase FE fener eo [oom PROBLEM 1.17 1.17 Two wooden planks, each % - in thick and 6 in, wide, are joined by the glued mortise joint shown. Kaowing that the joint wil fail when the average shearing stress in the glue reaches 120 psi, determine che smallest allowable length d ofthe cuts ifthe join is to withstand an axial load of magnitude P = 1200 Ib re SOLUTION Seven surfaces carry the tote? | Aout Pe 1200 fb, Area A= (1G) d= Bd t€ 2 AS Ba =e d = 1.683 in ~ te 1.8 Acad Pin applied to el od supported as shownby an aluminum plate ito Which a 0.6-in diameter hole has been drilled. Knowing thatthe shearing stress must ‘not exceed 18 ksi in the steel rod and 10 ksi in the aluminum plate, determine the largest load P which may be applied to the rod ieee ees] ee sas rea aaa For steel A na SOLUTION mdt = 1(o.6Xo.9) = O.1S4O int ue £ 6 Pe At = (0.75408) = 13.57 kips For atuminum A, = wdt = w(i.6)0.25) = 1.2566 in? ark 2 P= Ab, = Wasee io) = 12.57 Kips Limvting vadve of P is the smadtervelye « P= 12.57 Kips —e = Zoor eee Oooo | ca PROBLEM 119 1.19 |The axial force in the coluran supporting the timber beam shown is P= 75 kN. Determine the smallest allowable length L of the bearing plate if the bearing stress in the timber is not co exceed 3.0 MPa SOLUTION i | peeeate es Sa * tw 3 7 sl ISX 10" Solving For Lt L* A= Gox10® Wui¥o) = 178.6 «10% m L= 178.6 mm -< | PROBLEM 10 area. = 8580 mm? and is distributed to a concrete foundation by a square plate as shown, Knowing that the average normal stress in the column must not exceed 150 MPa and thatthe bearing stress on the concrete foundation must not exceed 12.5 MPa, ( determine the side a of the plate which will provide the most economical and safe ( design SD NSU STERN : SOLUTION Avea oF codomn? A = 8580 mm = 8580 10° m* Nor mad ‘stress in Golamn? G = ISO «IOS Pa i ee £ “Pe AG= (9530"/6*)(IS0 110%) = 1.287*]0°N | Bearing plate : re and Ay= Of for square plate. | Siaee te tetan aeaeesa ea 7 wis eae 3 AGS Oe ee igs = SRI elo m on 32) mm aePROBLEM 1.21 q 62 Bs Tensile force in bolt P= 6,4 = (SV0.19638) = 0.9812 Kips Washer: inside oliameter = di = € im, outside diameter = do Bearing area Aw= B(db- At) ond Av = ©. Eqeating Z(do- di’) = = do = dos 1.21 Three wooden planks are fastened together by 2 series of bolts 10 form a ‘columa, The diameter of each bolt is % in. and the inner diameter of each washer is in, which is slighily larger than the ameter ofthe holes in the planks. Determine the ‘smallest allowable outer diameter ofthe washers, knowing that the average normal stress in the bolts is S ksi and that the bearing stress between the washers and the planks must not exceed 1.2 ksi SOLUTION Bolt: Aye Bot = ZG) = 0.19685 int a 4e 2 (Haag 2s). : Te? gy + ey = 1.4323 in? do = 1-197 in = PROBLEM 1.22 1.22 Link AB, of width b = 2 in and thickness (= % in is used (0 support the end of'shonizontal beam. Knowing thatthe average normal stessin the link is - 20k and thatthe average shearing stress in each of the two pins is 12 ksi, determine (a) the iameter dof the pins, (6) the average bearing stress in the link SOLUTION Rod AB is in compression. Az bt where bz Qin and b= hin P= -GA =-(20XAM4)= 10 kips Pin: week ond Ap= Fo* ca d= te . fae - fice) ~ 1.030 in =< = 33.8 ks -_, aa (aaa oa co (a) ) Kc) 1.8 Each ofthe four vertical inks has an 8. 36- mm uniform rectangular cross section and each ofthe four pins has a 16- mm diameter 1.23 For the assembly and loading of Prob 18, determine (a the average shearing suras in the pin at B, (8) the average bearing suess at B in link AD, (c) the average prey bearing stress at B in member ABC, knowing that tis member has a 10 x O-mm ea avis feetangula cross section PROBLEM 1.23, SOLUTION Use bar ABC as a free body EM, =O — (0.040)F, - (0. 025+ 0.040)(20 x18) = © Feo = 32% lo N Shear pin at B > Fe for double shear where Az Edt= E(o.owyt = 201,06 */0% m ts gs oy = 80.8 x108 80.8MPo, = Bearing Sink BD A= dt = (0.016)(0.008)= 128 «10% m* g > EBs . log\(snfa0 . i26.9gm10¢ 127.0 Hane Bearing in ABC at B A= dt = (0.016)(0,010) = 160 ¥/0™° m* 3 G Se sale = 203 x 10¢ 203 MPa Be - tos tasyio’) . ugaro* 48.8 HP ae IE | (©) Bearing in ABC at C ni A= dt = (0.016Mo.010) = 160%10* m? Gs aa 2 eee = 78.1 x10% 78.) MPa = q!PROBLEM 1.25 1.9 Two horizontal S-kip Fores are applied to pin B ofthe assembly shown. Knowing that a pin of 0 Bin. diameter is used at each connection, determine the maximum value of the average normal stress (a) in link 8, (6) in ink BC. 11.25 Forthe assembly and loading of Prob. 19, determine (a) the average shearing ® stress inthe pin at A, (8) the average bearing stress at in member AB. SOLUTION Use joint B os Free body. lo lips Fs Foe Fee YO Kips Law of Sines Force tniangle Fro . Fee . _!2 a é Bin 45" Gi Gor Sin WS® Fyg 2 7.3208 kips (a) Shearing stress im pin ot A gs Ei wher hye Edt = E (0.8) = 0.5026 in* _ 7.3205 2 T= wesoe)= "* 7.28 ksi (6) Gearing stress at A in member AB Avs tds (0.5% 0.8) > 0.4 int Herat eat eget : 6 = Fe + TPE = 18.20 18.30 ksi fe | Az td = (050817 0.4 in* i 8.9658 | Oo Hage AY _ a © Bearing stress at B in member BC ey Az2td =2(0.5)(0.8) = 0.8 in® ni _ 3.9658 . li 6: 4% Heal Walks q ' IU. o! U} In iO | i nt] u mw 1.27 Kooning that = 40° and P ~ 9 XN, determine (a) the smallest allowable diameter ofthe pin at B ifthe average shearing stress in the pin isnot to exceed 120, MPa, (b) the corresponding average bearing sess in member 4B at B, (c) the PROBLEM 1.27 ? corresponding average bearing stress in each ofthe suppor brackets at B. SOLUTION Geometry: Triangle ABC is A an isosedes triangle with angles shown heve. Vets Hear aerate]: Law of Sines applied P to Force triangle We TeMne ee Sin|lo® SinSO® Fre Force - BP sin itor triangle Fre Fre Sin 20* = (Q)sin No 24.73 KN Sin 201 (a) Abfowable pin dian eter. ne toe = Ten 7 ite where Fag = 24.7 4/03 W gta BFaa = QM2473«108) 2 gig x10 mt Tt T (120 x10* ) d= 11.45 x/0%m We45 mm lie) Bearing stress in AB at A. Ag tos (0.016 )(L4S 10%) = 188.26 «/0% m* = Fe, 24-730% = ‘ a i Ss hes Re > 184.9010 134.9 MPa, ©) Bearing stress in support neckels at B Az td = (0,012 USM) = 187.4 € 10 m™ 6, = Bia. (05VG473 x08) ~ g0,0x10" 90.0 MPa, =e ar’ 137-4 x!om PROBLEM 128 1.28 Decermine the lngest load P which maybe applied at A when 0 60 , knowing thatthe average shearing stress inthe {0-madiameter pin at B must not exceed 120 > MPs ac tha he average bearing sitesi member 4 and in the bracket at 8 must rot exceed 90 MPa SOLUTION Geometry? Trrante ABC is an isesetes triangde with angtes shown here c We Use joint A as free body ; 8 P haw of sines applied to pA. Forze twanade ae fee pice een sa ebm ia Fhe Force sinB0® "Sin 120" in Bo® triangle FO p: i sin 30! = 0.57735 Fy Tre sin 120° Fig Sir Be? _ Ps es IF shearing stress in pin at B is critical Ap = Fats Flo.oiol = 78.54%) m* Frag? 2AT = (AVU78-SYH/0% V(|QOw!O*) = 18.852 10° N TF bearing stress in member AB at bracket at A is ev'tread Ag tel: (0.016)(0,010) = 160 *10°% m* Fre = ARG, = (icox10" X40 x10) = 14. 40 x10" N TF bearing stress in the bracket at B is eriticns Ay 2td = @)(0.012\(0.010) = 240%10% m* Fas = A, 6, =(240x10%)(90¥10%) = 21.6xl0* N Ablow shte Fig is the smallest, 12. [¥.40x10* N Then, Prom Statics Pastas 2 (0.87785 YC. 40% 10°) = 8.31) 0% M 33)4N =eos (taxa iz (oa) PROBLEM 1.29 1.29. The 6- KN load P is supported by two wooden members of 75 » 125- mm tniform rectangular cross section whieh are joined by the simple glued scarf splice shown. Determine the normal and shearing stresses inthe glued splice. SOLUTION Pe 6KiOrN © = 90% 70° = 20° A, = (0.075 )C0.125) © 9.375 1/07* m* Poiaiatage 6 = Lceste = Leteihes, 20" «ses wo! G+ Seokm ot see He = (sxto®) sin 40 s Ce aR sin 20 = “GYaarpniosy) ~ 2060 T= 206kPa lt PROBLEM 1.30 1.30 Two wooden members of 75 « 125- mm uniform rectangular cross section are joined by the simple glued scarf splice shown. Knowing thatthe maximum allowable Tensile sires in the glued spice is $00 kPa, determine (a) the largest load P which can be safely supported, (b) the corresponding shearing sess in the spice SOLUTION Ag = (0.075 Co.tas’) = 9.325 1o™ m* @ = 9o°-70" = 20° © = S00x10* PR e+ &eos*e — AS = (2.375 x)075 (500 x18) Pe AS > Ces? 45" B 5.3085 jo* tes sl Pe 5.3) KN a Egede . (Saessetoty se ter - : 7 = Sayasrerrosy — F NBEAT HO ®) T= 182.0 kf —se z % (ay te jw os Pgete 3290_cos* 50” 1.31 Two wooden members of 3» 6 in. uniform rectangular cross section are joined by the simple slued scarf splice shown. Knowing thatthe maximum allowable shearing stress inthe glued splice i 90 psi, determine (a) the larges fad P which can be safely anplied, (6) he corresponding tense stress in the splice SOLUTION @ = To - 40° = 50” A, = (XG) = 18 int r= & singe = Zh%. 2 (a (90) _ Pr Sin 79 Sin 100° S270 P= 3290 Mb. — a = 6S S275 ps met PROBLEM 1.32 J 1.32 Two wooden members of 3 6-in. uniform rectangular cross section are joined by the simple glued scarf splice shown, Knowing that P= 2400 Ib, determine the normal and shearing tresses in the glued splice SOLUTION @ = Fo*-4o" = So* P= 2400 db Ao = (26) = 1 int os Beste « Glooras 2 « 55,1 Or Sl psi =P aingg = Gita)sin loo". Eo FR sin do = Crain loo" = es. t= 657 psi weieee eae PROBLEM 1.33, 1.33 A centric load Pis applied to the granite block shown. Knowing thatthe resulting ‘maximums value the shearing siressin the block is 2 $ ksi, determine (a) the magnitude Of B, (8) the orientation of the surface on which he maximum shesring stress occurs, (€) the normal stress exerted on thet surface, (d) the maximum value of the normal stress in the block soLuTION Agr (66) = 36 in® Cnmag = 2S ksi = 45° Fon plane oP Taw @ Toy EL a IPl= 2A, Tue = QY8MAS) = 180 Kips « &) sintoz} 26% 40° @ 245° =< aL costase =: sb 2 S/#O = i we Sig we O45" = at Gary sek Beige cece : A Smug = fe Bees - SO ksi - PROBLEM 1.34 1.34 A240-kipjadP sapled to the rast block shove, Determine the resaking instru vale f(a worl es () the sang ess. Spec the oration ofthe plane on which ac ofthese mecmum values cecurs SOLUTION Ao > (66) = 36 in® : =240 + S= Poste = HBP ass'O = 6.67 os (a) mon tensife stress = O ot @ = F* roe, compressive stress = 6.67 kor = at @= 0° Serene eerie cree : Ge dias Bh 7 @ycaey 7 3-33 ke = ot O> 45°1,38 A stee pipe of 300- mm cuter diameter is fibricated from 6- mm- thick plate by welding along ahelix which forms an angle of 25° witha plane perpendicular tothe axis, ofthe pipe. Knowing that a 250- kN axial force Pis applied to the pipe, determine the normal and shearing stresses in directions respectively normal and tangential tothe weld PROBLEM 1.35 SOLUTION do = 0.300 m Tos td. = DISO Yi = Yo-t = 0.150- 0,006 = 0.144 m Ag = The*= We") = 11(0.150” - ©. 144%) = 5.54 xjo$ mt 8 = 25° = Pipestg = 7 250x10% cost 25° Sm ges = esis L =-37.1 10% 6 => 37.1 MPa =e te se sin = 2280 x10% sin SO” aK, 8 28 = Oo oy m0) =-17.28 x} 0° C= 17.23 Ma t {coo 1.36 A steel pipe of 300- mm outer diameter is fabricated from 6- mm: thick plate by welding along a helix which forms an angle of 25° witha plane perpendicular tothe axis of the pipe. Knowing that the maximum allowable normal and shearing stresses in directions respectively normal and tangentil to the weld are 0 = SO MPa end <= 30 MPa, determine the magnitude P ofthe largest axial force that ean be applied to the Pipe. PROBLEM 1.36 ca SOLUTION dy? 0.300 m Rrtd= Alsom Y. = %-£ = 0.150 ~ 0,006 = O44 m AS = W(rt- ne) = T(0.150*- 0.1944) = 5.54 IOS n® Cojo if c| | | [Based on Il = 50 Mra: & es*e = pz AS 2 (S Sox 10%) 337x108 rere) Based on IZ1= 30 MPa 2 sin 20 2 BAE _ BY S54x10%)(30%109 _ 434x/0? G | P sin RO ‘sin 50° ceinhaiitiet { Smaller valve is the (480x10¢ )(0.006)(0.025) = 72 x)0°N Fo, zaniot Fodor ol safely FS. = go> BES = aco =< ae 138 Lik BCs a Bek and inne of stl ith 80- MP inate sents in tension, What should be its width w if the structure shown is being designed to support @20-KN Toad P with a factor of safery of 3? eeeseeaese| SOLUTION Use bar ACD os a free body Fae and note thal menber BC is a two-Farce merber. ZM re 420 Fae = 600 P =O . é GOP _ (600)(2OxI0*) _ * Fan? SP - (e20)(20.x109) 25x10" N ¢ o For afactor of salety FS. = 3, the vltimate doad of member BC Fo = (FS.) (Fe) = (8)(25%10*) = 75* 109 N Bt B= GA te Ae & 25 2SHO* 2 166.67% 10% m* Sv ~ 450 K10F a For a rectangular secion Azwt ov wife Legag2el0" Wz 2780 m of 278mm el Hefeel ee eoce c co — foe 1.39 Member 4BC, which is supported bya pin and bracket at C anda cable BD, was Ldasccinctetecte designed to support the 4-kip load Pat shown Knowing thatthe ultimate load for cable BD 1s 25 kips, deterrine the fctor of safety with respect to cable faire Use member ABC as @ . y Free body and note a Fay 7 that member BD is a Awo- force member, < Pa P ees 40") (Bin) + (P sin to” uss in.) = (Feo cos 30° )(iS in) ~(Fep Sin BO*IUIZin) = 32. 62: 32.6234) _ e Foo = G2 622 Pe Gann = 6.8715 hips Rector of safety br eceble 80 FS= ft = Has cH ae SOLUTION 1.40 Knowing that the ultimate load for cable BD is 25kips and that a factor of safety ‘of 3.2 with respect to cable fallure is required, determine the magnitude ofthe largest force P which can be safely applied as shown to member ABC. PROBLEM 1.40 SOLUTION Use member ABC asa Free body and note that member BD is a two-Force member. tou. wal =M,= 0 (Pees 4071130 in) #(P sin HOVIS in) ~ (Fan cos 30° in) ~ (Fay sin 80°)(12 in) = 0 Ps H252-F,, = 0.58216 Feo APfowable foad For member BD is Fen = ea BE = 2310s hips AWowable dood P= (0.s8ric 78125) = SS kips =<co PROBLEM Lt LAT Members AB and AC of the truss shown consist of bars of square cross section made ofthe same alloy. It is knowa that a 20- mm- square bar ofthe same alloy was tested to failure and that an ultimate load of 120 KN was recorded. tFbar AB has ¢ 15: r= square cross section, determine (a) the factor of safety for bar AB, (b) the dimensions ofthe cross section ofbar AC its to have the same factor of safety as bar AB. sowetioy Length af member AB Sana = fowsts O4* = 0.85 m Use entire twss as a free body As f Ay DEMO HA, = ©75028)= 0 Aye IS KN SZ so. Ay-28=0 Ay= 28 KN t Use joist A as Free body Zekn aA, fer *2F-0 SB e-Ay so cre Ee Fae = (as) = ITkN Fre HZF),= 0 For the test bar A= (0,020) = 4oox/0" mm! P= 120 #10" N ve 2 B= foyot _ “ For the metena? = Gy = x: 1pewe, = B00x10* Pa, lor 7 fe 2 GA, (200x108 \(0.015)* (a) Fou bar AB Fo= pes oa FHI = 3.97 = (b) For bar AC R= B= GA . Guat Fae Fae at= (FS) Fou = (3:97)Q0 x10") 5 764.7 x10" mt a 300 x/0¢ O.= 16.22 ¥/0% m 16.2) mm =afa: oO oa (io fe 142 Members AB and AC of the truss shown consist of bars of square cross section made of the same alloy. [tis known that 2 20-mm-square bar ofthe same alloy was qa tested to failure and tht an ultimate load of 120 KN was recorded. Ifa factor of safety 2 se teat nn tee cel ee sso i, Seater oe S$ sounon j idm Length oF member AB ashy Dra 2 [OIE HOM*® = OBE m PROBLEM 1.42 A, e Use enhve truss as a Free body av DIM. 20 LY Ae (0.9528) #0 Aye ISKN a +fZey =O Ay- 280 Ay+28 kN Use joint A as free body agkw Ay SZhe20 22 Fe- Ay =o on A Oss " Fa Fra = SAQUS) 27 kN Fre SHER PO Ay- Fe- Si haco Fig = 28 ~ o4xin) = &OkN For the test bay = (0.020)* = 400x10* m* PR, = 20x10" N ces For the material = Ge = GEM = goon10® Pa tad For menber AB Be SAX St (ES) Fe . (3.2.7 x10 2 re mt on: Belte Sagkoae © Ale wi @ = 13.47 «lo m 13.07 mm = a Oe () For mene ac Fs, 22 > GA SE b* “en = Balzer) - 213.93 +10 m = IGLOS m V61 iyi a oa mo (iam ia mo ieee 7 U ec fe oc eet 1.43 The two wooden members shown, which support a 20-kN load, are joined by plywood splices filly glued on the surfaces in contact. The ultimate shearing stress in the glue i 2 8 MPa and the clearance between the members is 8 mm. Determine the DIN 120mm {factor of safety, knowing thatthe length of each splice is = 200 mm PROBLEM 1.43, SOLUTION There ave 4 separate aveas of give. Fach give area must tramsmit 10 KW oF shear Dood. oe = 1oxiot N Length of spfice Ls 22+ whee de fengthd'ghe and ce CSearance. 2 = 4(L-c) = 4(0.200-0.008) = 0.076 m Area of qe Az dw = (0.09% \0./20) = 1.52 xto* mt Utimate dood Po = ToA'= (2.8x10% (11-52 ™10% )= 32.256 */0° N 7 *10" Factor gs= Be = 3228670" 2 3.28 « o saboly P ToxioF aoe ey ee PROBLEM 1.44 plywood spices fly ged on the surfaces in contact. ‘The ulimate shearing sess in eccrine se ces cae aves ae "Td ste 1 ei hoa a > SOLUTION There ore 4 separate aneas of glue. Each na gle area mutt transmit 10 kN oP shear aR dead. P = loxlo® N Required uftimate foad Py? (FS.)(PY = (a.5\(loxlo*) = asm/o" W Required dength 2 oF each’ ghe area = Pu. 35 xi0* e 53 Pz VA tiw = Bw *GanweVono) * 104,17 x10 wl Length oP splice L= 20+e = (2 loti? x10") + 0,008 = 216.3 *10* m 216 mmPROBLEM 1.45 1,45 Three } - in -diameter stee! bolts are to be used to attach the steel plate shown toa wooden beam. Knowing that the plate will support a 24-kip load and that the ultimate shearing stress forthe steel used is 52 ks, determine the factor of safety for this design. SOLUTION For each bolt Aeddt= E(t)’ = o.44is int Pu = Ay = (0.4918)(S2) = 22.97 kes Bhs Bk: ps Per ee = ot = 8 kes = Pe. 2247 = ES. = 24 > 2.87 = PROBLEM 146 1.46 Three steel bolts are tobe used to attach the ste! pte shown to a wooden beam, Knowing that the plate will support a 24-kip load, that the ultimate shearing stress for the steel used is $2 ksi, and that a factor of safety of 3.37 is desired, determine the requited diameter of the boits. SOLUTION For each bolt P= 4t = 8B kigs Requiret Py =(RS.)P = (3.3708) > 26.96 Kips wk Az ee = 0.5189 m® pedacs defer = SRT = 0.8125 in. =1.47 A load Ps supported as shown by astee! pin which has been inserted ina short wooden member henging from the ceiling The ultimate stcength of the wood used is 60 MPa in tension and 7 5 MPa in shea, while the ultimate strength ofthe steels 150 MPa in shear. Knowing that the diameter of the pin is d = 16 mm and that the magnitude oftheloadis P20 KN, determine (a) the factor of safety forthe pin, (6) the required values of b and c ifthe Factor of safety forthe wooden member isto be the same as that found in pert a for the pa PROBLEM 1.47 SOLUTION Pe 20kN = 20x10" @ Pint A=Fat= OE (ooh = Rol. 06 x10" wl Dovble shea U9 Gee P, = 2A% = 2(aoIssewies*is0 #10") = 60.819x10" N Fs.e B 60. $19 x10" fj comose oe (b) Tension in wood = Py = ie x10" N for same FS. Ses ee ees a = Coe epee cca) where We 40mm = 0.040m : a= 0. “coast = 411 xo" d + ta = 0.016 + sor eOe Dy ALD x1O° mm be Wb mm =a Shear in wood Py = 60,319 *10° N for same FS. Double shear; each area is A= we Pousti t= 3K * awe = Pe = 80.80? = 00.8 x10"* C* Tw te * @Xo.0v0K7.5¥10°) ea C2 160.5 mm =c 2 oo = (as fea 1.47 A load Pis supported as shown by a see! pin which has been inserted ina short ‘wooden member hanging from the cling. The ukimate strength ofthe wood used is (60 MP in tension and 7 5 MPa in shear, while the ultimate strength ofthe stel is $0 MPain shear 1.48 For the suppor of Prob. 1.47, knowing that 6 = 40 mma, ¢= 5S mm and d= 12 ‘num, determine the allowable losd P ifan overall fictor of safety of 3.2 is desired. SOLUTION Based on clouble shear im pin Py = 2At%y= 2¥d*z, = EQ) (0.012)(soxio*) = 23.93 x10 N Based on tension in wood Pe AS, = wlb-d)6, = (0.040)(0,040- 0.012)(60x/0*) = 67.2 xloeN Based on double shear in the wood Pot 2A% = Q2wet, = (2)(0.040)(0. 058 )(75x 108) = 33.0 0° N Use smablest Py = 33.0xj0° N Afowohle Pe Pe = SRO. 19 ainjot wy 10-3) kN -c ron Ha aoa oe mo Ces eee ee bead a PROBLEM 142 1.49. In the structure shown, an 8- mm- diameter pin is used at A, and 12- mm- diameter pins are used at 8 and D. Knowing thatthe ukimate shearing stress is 100 MPa at all connections and that theultimate normal stressis 250 MP in each ofthe two links joining B and D, determine the allowable load P if an overall factor of safety of, eae 30s desired, $90 9-4-1000, SOLUTION re eta som ee < ayo Stahics ? Use ABC as Free body. A 8 4 ; 5 0.20, O18 3 2 - vant oo Feo : eae A aeraces 0.20 Fa- OB P =O wam—| peeRy Front vow aes ZMa= 0 0.20 Fp -0.38P HO = 42 Fao Based on double shear in pin A A=¥d? = F(0.008)* = 50.266 «10% m* -e Fy = SRA , (e100 210°)( 60.266 ¥/0 dn 3.351 xJ08 N Pe A = 3.72 «108 N Based on double shear in pins af Band D A= Hd*= Foo) © 13.10 xo" © m™ Fin = a 2 @Xio0 x10 )(113.tonI0"* ) = 7S4x10° N P= 42 Feo = 3.97 x108 N Based on compression in Jinks BD For one Pink Az (0.020 (0,008) = 160x107 m™ Fo = 454-2 (280 wlo* X ieo nis *) Monts") - 26.7 10° P= Feo = 14.04 Io N MDowable value of P is smadlest + Pr 3.72 ¥10°N 3.72 KN =eo 9 ao a 0 PROBLEM 1.50 41.49 In the structure shown, an 8- mm- diameter pin is used at A, and 12- mm- diameter pins are used at B and'D. Knowing that the ultimate shearing stress is 100 MPa atall connections and that theultimate normal stessis250 MP in each ofthe to links joining B and D, determine the allowable load P if an overall factor of safety of| 3.0 is desired 1.50 In an alternative design for the structure of Prob. 1.49, a pin of 10-mm-diameter isto beused at 4. Assuming that al other specifications remain unchanged, determine Tepview the allowable loud P if an overall factor of safety of 3.0 s desired R220 = 1809 ce BE SOLUTION FF ¥ et Stahies Use ABC as Free body. A 8 re 8 7 8 a Ou e son te unite Feo fe) D ZMe=O 0.20 Fe- OP =O 2 eee BMT Per ZMa= 0 0.20 Fep- 0.88P =O jo Based on double shear im pin A Pe iq Fe A=¥d* = F(o.010)* = 78-54 4107S F, = BRA, (al 100 x08) 78.54 10°) 2 5.236 xJ02 N a AES xe jo) Pe BAR = $.€2 x0 N Based on double shean in pins af Band D A= Bd = Float = 18.10 10" * m* = 2BA _ @looxios)(iZ.Joxlo"S) _ 3 Foo aes = a0 T.S4 “10> N P= 48 Fin = 3.97 109 N Based on compression in Jinks BD For one Rink A= (0,020(0,008) = 160%/0"* m* Feo = ZEA _ (2) aSo wot KiGoxISS) _ 26 7 uj0> Es. 3.0 P= GPF = Mot xlot N Mowable value of P is smallest . Pr 3.97*10°N 3.97 KN =PROBLEM 151 1.51 Each ofthe ste inks 4B and CDs connected oa support and to member BCE by } -in- diameter sta pins acting singe seat. Knowing that theukimate bearing steasis 24s forthe ste used in th ins and tht the ulimate normal stress i 60 ka forthe ste used in th aks, determine the allowable load P itan overall fstor of safety of 32 deseed (Noe ta the ks ar ot enfeed around he pn Hoes) ot 1c Fy SOLUTION ! [ 7 Use BCE as Free body besin-t—asin IMe=o GRy- Peo ps SFe ZMe =O — 8Fag ~12RP ZO Ps Se Both Pinks have te same area and same pin diameter ; hence, Few being A the same material, they will have the same ultimate toad. Based on pin in single shear AzFd*= E(4)* = 0.19635 in* Fo = ToA = (24)(0.19¢35) = 47124 kips Based on tension in fihk Az (bed) t = (1-2 )H) = 0.128 in* Fu = SA = (60)(0.125) = 7.50 Kips UPtimate Doad for Sink is smedfest: Fy = W.7IRY dips. APPowahbe Load Fas Dn te Fe es Ae = 1.4726 kips Ailowalde toast For structwe P= BF + 0.589 Kips F = s9q dh ~«© PROBLEM 1.52 1.51 Each ofthe stel inks AB and CDis connected to a support and to member BCE by + in diameter sto pins acing in single shear. Knowing thatthe ulate shearing stces is 24 ks forthe stel used inthe pins and that the ulimate normal stress is 60 si for the ste used inthe inks, determine the allowable load P ifan overall factor of safety of 32s desived, (Note that the Hinks are not reinforced around the pin holes 1.52 An alternative designis being considered to support member BCE of rob. | 54 jn which ink CD wil be replace by two licks, each of fx 1-in. eros section, causing the pins at Cand D to bein double shear. Assuming that all other speciictions remain unchanged, determine the allowable load Pi an overall facto of safety of 3.2 is desired soLurion py Use member BCE as free body + 3 ZMy+0 BRy-20P =O ps Fie ZMe=O BFye-12P=0 Pe 3 Fe 5 Fe Based on pin A in single shear Az Edt = Ee = 0.19685 in®™ Fu = TWA © (24)(0. 19635) = 4.7124 Kips Based on tension in Sink AB Az (b-ad)t = U-k EY) = O.18S in® Fyo= QA = Golo.ias) = 7S50kips Ultimate Road tor Sin, ABiis. smadlect, ie. Ih 47124 kips Convespondting vPtimate Joad for shwchures Be FR = SIC tips Based on pins at Cand D in double shear A= Fd™ = Fay = 0.19635 in® Fut 2GA = (@YaH\(0.19685} = 7.4248 Kips Based on tension in Jinks BC A= (b-d)t = U-£)E) = 0.06285 m* Cone Sink) Fo= 260A = (2X(60)(0.0625) = 7.50 kips Cote2, both Jinks ) Ustimete Road for Hinks BC is smallest, ie. Fy = 7.50 Kips Corresponding vitimate foad fir strobe Py BF= 3,00 Kips Retuat odimate Load is smatlest, ital P, = 3.00 kips Allow ase oud tor stroctore P> fi = 222 - o.nae kip P= 938 Db. —PROBLEM 153 19_ Bach ofthe wo veri inks CF contig te tw horizontal mers AD and Gas 10 4 mmuniomreangircrosserion ans nadeofasel th K Iulia eng ntensonof 00M witeachof hep & ne ‘mm diameter and is made of a steel with an ultimate strength in shear of 150 MPa. ay Detain te oval nor ft fr eke CF an thn contin them 0 ‘etrzoatl mews SOLUTION Use member EFG as free body. Fea Ree L— 0.40 + os. Z4HKN DIM,e=0 0.40 Fin ~(0.65)(a4vI0") © O RF, = 3¢x10" N 24k Based on tension in Dinks CF A= (b-d)t = (0.040 ~ 0,02)(0.010) = 200 210% m* (one Sink ) Fy =26, A= (2(400%10°)(200 ¥10"") = 160.0 %J0° N Based on dovlede shear in pins A = Bd* = E(o.ogo)* = 314.16 «10S m* Fo = 2A = QY(150 «10% (314.16 10S) = 74.248 x10e N Acton) Fy is smaffer valve, ie Fy = 94.248 "10° N . Factor oP safely 65, = Ez = MEO S242 ~ crco L oy i em. Cc fim a Q co 1.83 Each ofthe two vertical links CF connecting the two horizontal members AD and EG has 10 « 40- mm uniform rectangular ross section and is made of ste with an ulimate strength in tension of 400 MPa, while each ofthe pins at Cand F has a 20- rum diameter and is made of a stel with an ultimate strength in shear of 150 MPa PROBLEM 1.54 Nsw ae stay ete ede CF eps comeing a besa the horizontal members, Soret Seung tat tpt Cand heen pclae “400 me with «30- mm diameter SOLUTION Use member EFG as free body. Foe Fee == 6.40 —}Ho.as DIM, =0 24 kW O40 Fer - (0.65 (24 xIG ) = 6 Fig = 87" 107 N Based on tension in Jinks CF A = b-d)t = (0.010- 0,080)(0.010) = 100 ¥Om" Cone Anke) Fut 26,A = (2)(doolo*)(\00 x10"*) = 80.0 %10° N Based on dovble shear in pins A> Fat = E(o.080)* = 706.86 x0"% m® Fu = 2GA = @iSoxl0* 706.86 lo) = 212.06 «10° N Actuad Fy is smaller vadve, ic. Fy = 90.0 x/0°N Factor of safety FS, EL = £0040 2 zos ~ Fee 39 xI0%1 epee fea a4 Cc (| (mc to anchor ahigh-srenath vertical cableas shown, The diameter of the hole inthe plate is} in, the ultimate strength ofthe stel used is 36 ksi, and the ukimate bonding stress between plate and concrete is 300 psi. Knowing that a factor of safety of 3.60 is desired when P = 25 kips, determine (a) the required width a ofthe pat, (8) the minimum depth to wtich a plate ofthat width shouldbe embedded inthe concrete slab. (Neplect the normal stresses between the concrete and the lowe end ofthe plate) SOLUTION 2.5 Kips Based on tension in plate A e(a-d)t P= GA FS. = & : Slg-at SoBving for bb ais (rs.)P _ 3, Gcora-s) an dt et ** Gee) a= 1.550 in = Basedon cheav between plate and concrete sfah A= perimeter depth = 2 Ca+t)b 4 = 0,300 ksi R= TA = 20, Cart)b ase B a es =(Fs)P_ _ _@.6)(2-5) Solving for b bene G2 Xiss0+EKO0.300) b= 8.05 in —<1.35 A sea plate 2 in thik is embedded in horizontal concrete slab and is sed toanchor high-strength vericlcable as shown, Thedlimter ofthe hoe inthe plate isin, the ulnate strength of th steel used 36k, an theultimate Bonding stress betwen plat and coniet i 300 pi 1.56, Determine the fico of salty for he cble ansior of Prob, 1.55 when P= 3 ips, knowing that a= 2m and b= 75 in PROBLEM 1.56 soLvTION 3 kips Bosed on tension in plate A= la-d)t = (2-4 )GE) = 0.3906 in* Poe GA = (86 (0.3706) = 14.06 leips Bo, 106 2 Rss pte th = 469 Based on shear between plate and concrete slab A= perimeter « depth = 2(ast)b = 2(a+%)(75) Ae 34.69 in® Te = 0.300 ksi Pi= TA = (0.300)(34.67) = 10.41 kips ps. = Bs Bal 2 3.47 Pp Actual factor of safety is the smaller value FS.= 3.47 =PROBLEM 1.57 1.57 A.40-kg platformi attached to the end B ofa 50-kg wooden beam AB, which is supported as shown by apin at A and by a slender stel rod BC with 12-KN ultimate load. (a) Using the Load and Resistance Factor Design method witha resistance factor $= 0,90 and load factors 7p = 1.25 and y, = 1.6, determine the largest load which can be safely placed on the platform. (b) What isthe corresponding conventional factor of| safety for rod BC? SOLUTION : 4 oo ‘Ay Wa w, DEM, =O (24)EP = 24 W, -12W, & PHEW rey For dead oad ing W, = (H0)(4.81) = 3972.4 N W, = ($007.81) = 490.5 N Pot (FX 392.4) + (EM 499.S) = 1.0628 x jo® N For Dive Joading Weemg Wes 0 Po= mg From which m=3h Design erterion WR + nR = OP R= P-RR ~ (0.90 taxio®) ~ (1.257) U1.0628 x10") re ame = 5.92x10" N Allowable dood = m= § Sgn = BGR ky « Conventionad Factor safety Pe Re P= 1.0628 wc? + 5.920K10" = 6483/0" N R 1a 210% os, 2 Be. awit gy, FS. = St Zeagwoe Wg -11.58 The Load and Resistance Factor Design method isto be used to select the two cables wiich will reise and lower a platform supporting two window washers. The platform weighs 160 Ib and each ofthe window washers is assumed to weigh 195 Ib ‘ith his equipment, Since these workers are free to move onthe platform, 75% of their ‘otal weight and of the weight oftheir equipment will be used as the design live load of teach cable, (a) Assuming resistance factor = 0.85 and load factors 7 ~ 1.2 and ¥.= 15, determine the required minimum utimete load of one cable. (#) What isthe ‘conventional factor of safety forthe selected cables? PROBLEM 1.58 Ele tea] sowvnoy ju YP + UR = PP In Poe BRR \U 5 We) 160) + (SVG #24 198) U 0.85 = 629 tb. - Conventional factor of safety Pe BaP = dx8o+ OWxaxias = 372.5 tb { 2 fe . Ge = RS. Pre 1.689 Eereerer tt oo oeoaw O aPROBLEM 1.59 4 2 ian ff 235, | > fom 235m | ek 3m By simider twangdes Fie . 180 | gs © 3 Joint D ie Fa By simibar triangbes Re Fog _ 22S E, = Beagrie 7st Ver Ao, or the tuss and loading shown, determine the average normal sires in ‘member DF, knowing thatthe cross-sectional area of that memes 2606 nace SOLUTION Using method of joints to find member forces Joint Bs AB and BD ave zero fovee members, Joint At Dy = YS79295" = 3.75 m 130 ae 130 kw Fre Tie # Fag = 225 2b. Trang le (compression ) ie = 135 BN (comp) = 135*109 N Areas Ay = 2500 mm = 2500 «10% m* : ar each woe “ Cased a Stvess+ Opp = 3800 x10* S4xJo° Pa S40 MPa oon1.60 Link AC has a uniform rectangular cross section in. thick and 1 in. wide, PROBLEM 1.60 ‘ 7 : Determine the normal stress in the central portion ofthat lnk. O 1 SOLUTION 7 ey Use the pfate together B, / with two pulleys as a oe H Free body! Note thet es “ By ol the cable tension _ 120 ra cae at dee einai of C. wise cos e Gn the body. ae ee Geert se # eeed ac ELEC DIMg= 0 U2 +4 Fye cos 807) + (101 Fae sin 30°) ~ 1260 = O Fe = eS = -135.50 Mb. Te cas 30° 10 sin 30" = Avea of Pink AC? Az linvdine 0.125 in® in sn De a ~ me di a ae . iO Stes in dink AC Gj = Hie = = (BEER = 1084 pi = Lost bs! ) Is 1e force P reached 8 kN, the wooden specimen shown failed in shear 0c ee sung the matiendeated byte ad” Doe th vege sing en along that surface at the time of failure 15mm Area baing sheared . a Az GOmm * 1Smm = 1350 mm = 1350 %10% m Fore Pr 8x10 N a n Shearing stress U= £ > BAO = 5.93 x0 Pan 5.93 Mi we [ rromuem 2 Front an UL {verage sharing tes caches € MPa, determine the magnitude P of he ia oad | SOLUTION which will cause the joint to fail fe 16mm (U Six areas, cach I6mm*I2mm ave a 15mm | being sheareet. iQ Aven: A = (6)(6 Ca) = 1152 mm | as = 1S2*10"* m* } | u ve kb \ © | ta Pe VAs (8xio*)Oisavlot) = 9.2240 N = 7.22 kN ~PROBLEM 1.63 1.63 The hydraulic eylinder CF, which pataly controls the position of rod DE, has been locked in the position shown, Member ID is} in. thick and is connected to the vertical rod by a} in.~ diameter bolt. Determine (a) the average shearing stress in the bot, (8) the bearing stress at Cin member BD 7 SOLUTION Use member BCD as a free body, and “em vote that AB is a -+wo force member Pyg of B41. 400 cos 75° HOO sin 75° Heos 20° 5 Fae) ~ (45in 20° ES Fa) = (7 cas 20")(400 sin 25°) - (7 sia 20° )(400 cas 75°) =O 3.36678 Fag - 2787.35 50 © Fag = 828-47 M, AZF, 20 8 Fa + Cy + 400 cas 75° =o ee 4845281") ~ 400 cas 75° = 78.34 Dh, AZAR eo E&P + Cy - 400 sin 75° =D Ge S206928.49) 5 400 sin 75° = 1194. 65 Ob Cr 1G Cy = 1197.2 (Shearing stress in the bolt = P= 1197.2 $b. At Far © E(B) = o.nlogs int Te £: 972 . 1084x107 psi = 10.84 ksi = ONOKS fe) Beaming stress at C in member BCD : Pe 422 Lh Aye db = (EVE) = 0.234875 int eee Geese Soar = : St gare SM ops Scne ah1.64 A }- in. diameter steel rod AB is fitted to a round hole near end C of the ‘wooden member CD. For the loading shown, determine (a) the maximum average ‘oral stress in the wood, (8) the distance b for which the average shearing stress is 50 psi on the surfaces indicted by the dashed lines, (c) the average bearing szess on the wood, soLution (2) Maximum normal stress in the wood Ant = 3(3-4) = 1.875 int : 000 | i o: £ - 4990 = 533 psi = Ee peered _ PP _ joe e a Ret = MG) = 4 a © Ge E > — 1000. = age? pe oo 1.65 Two plates, each 3-mm thick, are used to splice a plastic strip as shown, Knowing thatthe ultimate shearing stress of the bonding between the surfuces is 900, Pa, determine the factor of safety with respect to shear when ? ~ 1500 N. oe OTE and artes: (See figure) PROBLEM 1.65 Sam Az xGoyGeys(isi(ee) = 1500 mm™ = 1500 ¥/O% m Py = 2AT, = (A)IS00x1o C400 x10) = 2700 N millimeters 4 200 Fs. = Be F222. 1,800 =a wo > 5S-in uniform retangular eros section are PROBLEM 1.66 June byte sng gut sar pe sbowa Knowing that ee tut alow shearing siess inthe glued splice 75 ps, dterine the largest axial oad P which can be safeyeppled SOLUTION Ag= (3-5 USS = 19.25 ia” @= Fo°~ 20° = 70" P= F snocwe = F& Sin 20 ZAK . @aasyis) . 7 suas See = 4492 Ib HeNG Keps = P1.67 A steel loop ABCD of length 1.2 m and of 10-mm diameter is placed as shown, PROBLEM 1.67 around a 24-miareter alum rod AC. Cables BE and DF each of (enn diameter, ae used (6 apply the load Q. Knowing thatthe ultimate strength of the aluminum used forthe rod is 260 MPa_and that the ultimate strength ofthe steel used for the loop and the cables is 480 MPa, determine the lagest load Q which can be applied if an overall factor of safety of 3 is desired. SoLUTion Using joint B asafeee body - and considering symumelry s’ 2-Btag - Q=0 Tie Fas Q: $fia Dsing joint A as a Free b cod hncitring Sypsehey” Fe 2: $F ~ Fe = 0 Fon B€Q-Feeo + Q2 3h, Based on strength P cable BE Qu= GA= G Ed = lysoxiot) F (0.012) = 54.27K10* N Based on sheng of steel oop Qu = $Fau = SGA= £6, Fa" = £(480x10¢) F(0.010)* = 4s. 24/0" N Based on strength of rod AC WFR eA = FEO = 3 (acowlot) F (0.024)* = 88.22 x/0* N Actual vitimete Poad Qy is the smadlest - Qy= 45.2410" N . Aovabte Dood > GB = Wztre', is.ogxjo°y = 1S.08 kN -Peace 1,68 Link AC has a uniform 4x 4- in, uniform rectangular cross section and is PROBLEM 1.68 made of stee! with a 60-ksi ultimate normal stess. It is connected to a support at A and to member BCD at Cby 3 -in-diameter pins, while member BCD is connected to support at Boya terpin, Allofthe pins ae in ingle shear and are made ‘of a steel with a 2 ate shearing stress. Knowing that an overall factor of safety of 3.25 is desired, determine the largest load P which can be safely applied at. Note tha ink AC is not reinforced around the pin holes SOLUTION DIMg =O GYEF.)- 10 P= 0 Fre = 2.0833 P Pe 0.480 Fa SDR to | By-$ R20 Be = BF =(2¥20883P) = 1.25 P WER Oo | 6B FER P ro B+ P- $@0sasP) = - 0.66667 P Br{errBt .4/67P, Prose B Based on strength of Jink AC! Gy = 6O bs Ant = (YA-#) + 0.08125 Fan = SAnt >(GoW0.08125)= LBITky, Po = (0.480 (1.8725) = 0.900 kip, Based on strength DP pin at @: Ayn = Pa* = FB)" = 2. NOW in® The 25k Fey F WApin = (25V(0.N045) = 276) kip Poe O4R0 (2.761) = 1.825 Kip, Based on strength & pin at B: Apne Fd? > FCAE)" = 0.07670 in By = TApin = (25)(0.07670) = 1.919 kip. R= (o.705s8 1.975) = 1.3535 kip Actucd Po is the smallest: Put 0.900 kip. AMowobde vole for Pi Pe Be» 29 . 0.277 kip > 277 Hb1.69 The two portions of member AB ae glued together along a plane forming an ete angle O withthe horizontal, Knowing that theultimate stress forthe glued joint i 17 ‘MPa in tension and 9 MPa in shear, determine the range of values of @ for which the (= factor of safety ofthe member is atleast 30. SOLUTION i A. = (0.030)(0,050) = |,.50*/0°* m* P = loxio* N PR =(RS)P = Sonic N Based on tentibe stress 0/nm 0mm Se Fe cast tg - GAL. rt) U.soxe os SE pao cos @ = 0.92195 = 22.79" Oz A279" Based on shearing stress ty = Bb sins = B am zo mn ge: 2AcT . QXI-SO xlo®KqxIOF) 9, eer “20x08 0. 900 RO = 6416" O = 32.08" @ © 32.08" Henca 22.79° € O < 32.08" —~ ee 1.70. The wo portions of member AB ae glued together along a plane forming an stale Owith te horizontal. Koowing thatthe ulinate stress forthe pled jin 17 ae MPa in ersion and 9 MPa in shea, determine (a) the vale of Oo" which the ftor | ‘of safety of the member is maximum, (2) the corresponding value ofthe factor of safety, (Hint: Equate the expressions obtained forthe factors of sae with espectt0 normal sress and shea.) SOLUTION : A, = (0.030)(0.050) = }.S0 x10 m* Mt the optimum angle (FS) *(FS)e Sn oS Normal stress? 6= Peas’ + Ries As Sheoring stress? C= Bsinduso + Rye = pte, (Sy = Fac = As cA Po PsmO ws O : wAe . TWA : Equeting: Peas*® PenBase? Solving: $28 = tone = Gz Fase, Ayr 229° The, P, =SvAe - U7 x105)U.S0xI0) 865410; cos*8 cas? 27.9° Fs. = B- Bee =3.26 <4 To 10%Gal ao 7 [conte PROBLEM 1.C1 1.01 A solid steel rod consisting of n cylindrical elements welded to- ‘gether is subjected to the loading shown. The diameter of element i is denoted by d; and the load applied to its lower end by P,, with the magnitude P,of this Toad being assumed postive if P, is directed downward as shown and negative Element» otherwise. (a) Write « computer program which can be used with either SI ot USS, customary units to determine the average stress in each element of the rod, (b) Use this program to solve Probs. 1.1 and 1.3 souvTion FORCE IN ELEMENT Lt eet cease ee rl [t is the sum of The forces app, lied to da element and all [ower one Aca = Ay = pide PROGRAM QUT PUTS Problem 1. Problem 1. Element Stress ‘pay Blement Stress “teat 1 84.883 1 22.635 2 -96.766 2 17.927PROBLEM 1.02 1.02 A 204KN force is applied as shown to the horizontal member ABC. ‘Member ABC has a 10 50-mm uniform rectangular cross section and is supported by four vertical links, each of 8 X 36-mm uniform rectangular cross section. Each of the four pins at A, B, C, and D has the same diameter d and is in double shear. (a) Write a computer program to calculate for values of d from 10 to 30 mm, using 1-mm increments, (1) the maximum value of the average normal sess in the Links connecting pins B and D, (2) the average ‘mal sess in the links connecting pins C and B, (3) the average shearing stress in pin B, (4) the average shearing stress in pin C, (5) the average bearing stress at B in member ABC, (6) the average beating stress at C in member ABC. (b) Check your program by comparing the values obtained for d = 16 mm with the answers given for Probs. 1.8, 1.23, and 1.24, (c) Use this program to find the permissible values of the diameter d of the pins, knowing that the allowable values of the normal, shearing, and bearing stresses forthe stel used are, respectively, 150 MPa, 90 MPa, and 230 MPs. (d) Solve part c, assuming that the thickness of member ABC has been reduced from 10 to 8 mm, SOLUTION FORCES IN LINKS - = 20 kN : FB, DinceamM OF ABC: 26 HIM =O: 2 Fan (8O-- P(AC)=0 Fap= P(AO/2(BC) (TENSION) tI EMg= 0: 2E, (BC)-P(AB)=0 2 Fn Fop= PURBY/2(BC) (COMP.) () Link BD Cink CE Fp Thickness = ty ee = nee t, A, App = t, (“-d) ai Ace = t wy oe reas ay Lod Bp=+ Fap/Aeo an Og = - Fes Pee (3) Eu B (4) PIN C Te = Fan (TA) @ =F, (4/4) (5) BEARING STRESS ATB HEARING STRESS IN Thickness of Menber ACH Ep ¢ hep chee FIN bac (% 51 Bear BE Fan /(d tne) Re ceed C Bale G) BEARING STRESS ATC 33 Bear C= Foe/(d be) NAPROBLEM 1.C2 CONTINUED PROGRAM OUTPUTS INPUT DATA FOR PARTS (2), (0), (c): P= 20 KN, AB = 0.25 m, BC = 0.40 m, AC = 0.65 m, TL= 8 mm, WL™ 36 mm, TAC = 10 mm, WAC = 50 mm 4 Sigma BD Sigma CE Tau 8 Tau C SigBear B SigBear C 20.00 79.58 128.00 12.00 65.77 113164 32/00 55.26 10417 33/00 47/03 96.15 14/00 40.60 39.29 35100 337 BEST 833 ip) 16,00 31.08 20322 78.13 e~( 13100 57.31 22104 171,08 65.79 20:00 51.73 19189 162.50 62.50 21100 46.92 18.04 154.76 $9.82 22/00 42175 16144147173 56.82 2300 39111 18.04 141.30 54.35 24100 35.92 13182 135.42 52.08 25.00 33110 12:73 13000 50.00 26100 30.61 11.77 128.00 48-08 27100 28.38 10.92 120137 46.30 28.00 26.39 10115-11607 44.64 29.00 24.60 9146 11207 43.10 30:00 22:99 8.84 108.33 41.67 (© ANSWER: 16mm MgO > P= £20 %> a 7 onl s EM,20 me Fep = 200 ji Pe Fie he O) Forgiven dy of pin: F= 2 /es)(rd?/y), p= 200 7 far given dol pint Band: Fan? 200, /FOMAZ)), = 200 f, ) For ultimate stress én Sinks BD! Fan= 2(G/F (0.020.008) B= E22 fay ing etree i : 2 ssa ‘For ule sheering stra ‘np. A, is the smaller of B and E, (©) Foe desiced oyecall £51 Py is the smaller of Band Py If Bo Py, stress is critical in links If Fy 15 0m,G,=HO MPa, %=100MPa, FS+= 3.2 Faq = 5.77 kM, Stress in finks ts critical <CHAPTER 2A prooiem 21 SOLUTION oO § PL AE As Fat ft PEE gb oI (el 6 °° Tirame A 21 A steel od is 2.2 m long and must not stretch more than 1.2 mam when a 8.5 KN Jad is applied tot. Knowing that E = 200 GPa, determine (a) the smallest diameter tod which should be used, (6) the corresponding normal stress caused by the load = PL. * YC 2. at Cary = £ BE 22) = 17.92 x10° m -7H .[ 71918} F 4.96 10% me = 2.96 mm =e = 1091 «10S Pa = 104.1 MPa =e PROBLEM 2.2 SOLUTION 22 A.4.8-felong stel wire of 4in, diameter steel wire is subjected to 2 7504 tensile load. Knowing that E=29 «10 psi, determine (a) he elongation of the wite, (@) the corresponding normal ses. (2) Ls eft = S26 in As Ed*s Hg)'=42.087 «10% in? g: PL _ Csel$76) 2 36. 3y 108 im = 0.0303 me AB © 4.08710 )(29 «10° ) A Woes = SRB HIO* psi 18.28 ksi “= (b) o=2. 2 PROBLEM 23 SOLUTION 23. Two gage marks are placed exactly 10 inches apart on « +-in.diameter aluminum fod with £ = 10.1 x 10" psi and an ultimate strength of 16 ksi. Knowing that the distance between the gage marks is 10.009 in. afer Toad is applied, etermine (a he tess in the rod, (b) the factor of safety (2) $= 10.009 = 10.000 = 0.009 in. BoB = 6+ GS. Ueto) - 4 o9 mot pas 6, = 4.09 ksi -= 2 ) FS 2 0 24 A contol od onde af yellow bass ch more than 3 mm when PROBLEM 24 team ine wires 4 HN Keowing tat = 108;GP td tha th nahn Alowable normal sexsi 180 MPa, determine (the res ameter at ene SOLUTION selected for the rod, (8) the corresponding maximum length of the ro. @ oe Bs pak = He 2 2a ezgnioe mt [80x10 ae Bote 4 - {a 2299 Wier = 682%I0° Peers @) s-f e Ls = SBR mm mt AES _ (22.azanto~*)(IoSx10")( 3 x10*) P 4xlos = 1.750 m =28 A 9.m length of 6-mm-diameter steel wire is o be used in a hanger. It is noted PROBLEM 2.5 that the wire stretches 18 mm when a tensile force P is applied. Knowing that E=200 GPs, determine (a) the magaitud ofthe force P, (6) the corresponding normal stress SOLUTION inthe wire (a) Az gd? = F(o.006)' = 28.2740 10"% m® gz Pe pe AES, (28.2740% 200K 0 ianot “ Ae tC * a = 131108 N= AL3T KN ~ toes MeBre1O% 6 a 6) © w Zearaxjos® = 00x10 Pa 400 MPa. <= 26 A45-f. aluminum pipe should not stretch more tha 0.05 in, when tis subjected PROBLIM 26 torte load Knowing tht = 101 10" poi and Gat te allowable ete sireagt is 14 i, determine (a) the maximum allowable length ofthe pipe, (6) the SOLUTION required area of the pipe if the tensile load is 127.5 kips. = = EAS ES . (0.1 i0¢)(0.05) _ ‘ @ § fe L eae 5s . To = 36.1 in a 2 oe 27.5 x1o* a @) o2=Rs A= Ge RSH. ain « PROBLEM 2.7 27 Anion thread i subjested toa 8.5.N tension fore. Knowing that E= 3.3 GPa Ee ‘and that the length of the thread increases by 1.1 %, determine (a) the diameter of an ‘the thread, (5) the stress in the thread. Ceoae aie neaaaieee @) 2-2 Es 70.908 + bb 2 py, BE , 5) G09) | ott Seo A 3 7 “sewer 2B4.1G X10" om Ax Fats d= JB = 0.546 K10% m = 0.516 mm - (b) = B63«)0° Pa = 36.3 MPa a 128 A cast-iton tube is used to support a compressive load. Knowing that £ = 10 x cece 10° ps and thatthe maximum allowable change in length i 0.025 percent, determine {@) the maximum normal sess inthe tube, () the minimum wall thickness for «load SOLUTION ‘of 1600 Ib if the outside diameter of the tube is 2.0 in. 0.085 @ = = BE = 0.00025 et es = (oxo )(o.22028) = 2.5 2/08 psi = 2 ksi «= = B ._le0o . int b) Ate. Zevtor 7 0-640 in 7 eee Wy pe Alcs) = BIBS int ds = 1.7847 in t= 4 (do-dz) = £(20- 1.7347) = 0.1077 in. =29 A block of 10-in, length and 1,8%1.6 in, cross section is to support a centric ‘compressive load P. The material tobe used isa bronze for which E=14 * 10° psi. Determine the largest load which can be applied, knowing that the normal stress must SOLUTION not exceed 18 ksi and that the decrease in length ofthe block should be at most 0.12 percent of is original length. Considering atfowabte stress 6 = 1B kei = 18 7/0% psi A= (8 CLG) = 288 in™ e-f Pe GA = (18K103 (2 88)2 5.3 x10% Considering allowable deFormetion $= P12 = 0.0012 A propiem 29 7 = fe = P= AEB = (2.88)(4e10")C0.002) = 48.4 =o" Mb Smaller value governs P= ug.txlo® IL = 48.4 kips = 2.10 A 9-KN tensile load will be applied to 9 $0-m length of steel wire with E = 200 PROBLEM 2.10 GPa, Determine the smallest diameter wire which can be used, knowing that the ‘normal stress must not exceed 150 MPa and that the increase in the length ofthe wire SOLUTION should be at most 25 mam, Considering atowable stress S = 150 x10* Pa, Stee eee ien aes Se AS A & * Baxot = 6xe Con sidering aHfowable elongation § = 25¥10% m = fk. Sepp Ee nCgudos CS see da 6 Ss ge * AP ES * Goomoases) = FOO havger area goveras Az Go K/0"* mi A+Edt d+fe. | WGexe) = 10.70 415% m = 10.72 mm <2.11 The 4-mm-diameter cable BC is made of steel with E = 200 GPa. Knowing 27 PROBLEM 211 thal he macimum sess in he cable must not exceed 190 MPa and tha the ‘elongation ofthe cable must not exoced 6 mm, find the maximum load P that can be applied as shown, SOLUTION Lee [ore F 7Z2ill m eee eee eee ee L-om—l DEM, 20 3.5P - Cite Fie)= O Pe 0.950% Fee Ay Considering atfowabte stress SF 120410" Pa ly Az Fd* = F.co#)* = 12.566 x/0™* in® os Ba Fr oa G90 w10'VUi2.se6 x1") = 2.388410" N Fac Considering atfoweble elongation $= ¢ x10 m Ful, =, AES UA.566m0%)(200 ¥107 6 MF) — s 3+ Rete Fe AES Zain eceeneece Smabher value governs Rr 2.04/10" N P= 0.950% Fe = (0.4507)(2. OF x18) = 1.983x10°N © [.9783 KN me 7242 Rod BD is made of see! (E = 29 * 10 psi) and is used to brace the axially qeimpresoed member ABC. The maximum force that canbe developed in member BD {SO.02P, If the sess must not exceed 18 ksi an the maximum change i length of Be Laks ‘BD must not exceed 0.001 limes the length of ABC, determine the smallest diameter rod that canbe used for member BD. PROBLEM 2.12 po SOLUTION Thin, Fe = 0,02 P = (0.02) 130) = 26 kes + 26x10" tb L: Considering stress = 1B kei = 18/0" pai ab. Feo ite oe RAs Be BE s oye int ae Considering deformation S=O.00N iy) = 0.14 in. “Bele, js Fale. @ewor 54) . 9, vat S> eee Ae Fe = ee ecany 7 0708862 i Larger aren goverss A= 0-144 in” AsEdts a= fe - {Seer = 0.424 in. ~poets 2.13 A single axial lond of magnitude P = 58 kN is applied at end C ofthe brass rod ‘ABC. Knowing that £ = 105 GPa, determine the diameter d of portion BC for which the deflection of point C will be 3 mm. oom 4 SOLUTION ZB. Eile + bet an TS AE = EUAe ” fee sl Sela - Gas mio" 3 x10") _ Pere es 58 xlo8 To oaoy" > = bee oe OB i a Ae * eqasyeot = Fgeewios 7 214.28 x1o"% m* Aur t ee FAs = /@angeae) = 16,5210 m = 16SAmm <8 2.14 Both portions ofthe rod ABC are made of an aluminum for which E = 73 GPa. ona Knowing that the diameter of portion BC'is d= 20 men, determine the largest force P hat can be applied if o4)= 160 MPa and the comesponding deflection at point Cis not to-exceed 4 mm. SOLUTION Arg = % (0.080) = 706.86 «107 Rec = FO.cz0)*= 314.16 10"* m* Considering aHowabte stress 6 = 160 %J0% Pa 6- fs Pac Portion AB P= (706.86x15* \(léomlo*) = 113.1% 10° N Portion BE P= (BMG 10% )Clboxjot) = 50.3 %I07 N Considering alPowable oleftection §. = 44/0" m &e zm. Eg i ge) Pr ES, (jas + fey = (3x10) Gnic*) (2% 706.86 %10"* = 63.8 10° N Smabhest value For P governs Pe 50.30 N= 50.3kN =)u a a oe ae b 2418 The specimen shown is made from l-in-diameter cylindrical steel od with two PROBLEM 2.15 {.S-in-outer-diameter sleeves bonded tothe rod as shown. Knowing that £29 « 10" si, determine (a) the load P so thatthe total deformation i 0.002 in. (6) the ‘orresponding deformation of the central portion BC. aes SOLUTION ‘fia ameter padomer “ze 2 bey Pe Esapy’ Az Bde { tyin| din | Agin® | L/A. inn! ks | uve] wire Lo | 0.7354] 3.9197 LS 1.1318 1.7671 P = (aamot Xo. 002 (6,083)! = a.sasvio* yb. = 4.53 kips See = 0.0% in See * Ea a Fa = E hes Sue te aro") FG) (o.04) = 19,376 (0% Sb, Fra? br = F(a.a76 xto*) = 24.912 x10" Ae From the Force twiangde Foo = Fe t1 Fa * Fee 7% S/-6 xo Mh. =2.26 Members ABC and DEF are joined with stel links (E = 200 GPa). Each of the Determine the PRODLEM 226 fee Nae spat rami esas SOLUTION SITE, Use member ABC os « Free body | elty SEMg=0 mit bsenn| ee Fae (0,260 )(18 10") ~ (0.180) Fer = © A For = CedeMigntt HO). genic N DZM, Faye 2 Lotto Wisxto?) ee 0.180 (ay (Qe) 20 See = isev (0.440 \(18 » 10") + (0.180) Fye =O. A Fan Din de — pei a esha Ae (AN0.028 (6.086) 178 x5" w = 44 x10" )(0.240) * Goowiot M1510" j FSO. 2410 m= =0,0802 mm xlo* a 6 = PAHO G20) = 17, 83x10 ‘m = QOS mm memom fe ? PROBLEM 2.27 2.27 Bach ofthe links AB and CD is made of aluminum (£ = 75 GPa) and has a cross- sectional area of 125 mm, Knowing that they support the rigid member BC, determine the deflection of point E SOLUTION Fis Fy Use member BC as a Free body z ic e © boom 5x1 N DEMe= oO - (0.64) Fg + (OMY )CSHI =O Fas © 3437S 0/0" N DZMg=0 (O.6#) Fey - (0.20 X5xic*)= 0 Fog 2 S625 110° N For Maks AB and CD A= 12S mm = 125 «10 mm™ = Frabsn | (3.49325 s10* 0.96) _ eect Sra EA" Usmoriasxioe) ~ 1808 JOom Be = Fighee . (h862F xJ0*) (0.36) | Serannia Se EA Cisne aso) 60.00 107% mm Se E ¢ - SeSe Test : SDope O= poe a oee Se] 5] 2 Se = MRS «10% ved c e e Sez &+ SO Deformation diagrae = 60.00%10"° + (0.44 (112.5 x10") 5 109.5 Mlo% m = 0.1095 mm= Reler _ (OssseP )6.0) Deformation Diagram 2.38 Link BD is made of brass (E = 15 * 10° psi and has a cross-sectional area of (24D Link CE is made of luna (5 » 104 10% ps) and has roe-ectoal 50 in. Determine the maximum force P that can be applied vertically at tein the defection tot enced 0.01 soLunion a_fr € Use memcer ABE aattaaae aaa B Fee P DIM,+0, WP-T kaso, Fen = 1.5556 P DZMgs0 5 P-9F, - Fes 7 0.5556 P ~ U.sss6 PMaoy | ej (isriot Wo.tay 7 7 8888rI0" PY = O.6HIOxIO PF Clo.4x10* y From the deFormation diagram = Sat& | 2.978 Slope O = ee ee P = 0.33808 ~I0° P Se + MnO 2.8333 «10° P + (5X0. 3808 *10°) P = 3.9358 x10 P 5, Appky displacement Mimit Sy = 0.0/4 in = 3.9858%00% P * Zaesa ioe 3.51 x10% db = 3.51 kips =oe 2.29 A homogeneous cable of length Land wniform cross section is suspended from ae PROBLEM 229 towed) Donny by pte deny (ms er i vole a eee and by F 5 GC \ its modulus of elasticity, determine the elongation ofthe cable due to its own weight. { SOLUTION (@) Assuming now the sable to be horizontal, determine the force tht should be applied to each end of the cable to obtain the same elongation asin part a (2) For element ot point iclewtified by coordinate y i : P= weight of portion below tLe poind 0) ee a e = a= (atid = Bly -4y O 7 Berg) eae = if te) For 8B ps EAS A aE 2 tng aw « 2.30 Determine the deflection of the apex 4 of a homogeneous circular cone of height PROBLEM 2.30 fh density a. and modulus of elasticity E, de to is owm weight 4 r SOLUTION Let b = vadivs in lnc ; s | q of the bese ond n we Mads ot IL element at Capac ‘ ie coordinate y. js r ke v= By | | | \ | LU Volone oP portion shove element Vs gurty = grey? fl Ps pg = WaRy eae Be Pay . Ch Pay _( hpghty ft s- zie - Cm = (4% at -f Sea, ue ay ayh we : al * “Ge2.31 The volume of a tensile specimen is essentially constant while plastic ‘deformation ocours. Ifthe initial diameter ofthe specimen isd, show that when the diameter is the true strain is & = 2In(d, PROBLEM 2.31 SOLUTION If the volome is constant Batt = Edin, Pome 2.32 Denoting by ethe “engineering strain” in a tensile specimen, show thatthe true Seoise "3 soLuTion & = Mn = HS = (is B) = Mise) Thos &, = Mn (ite) -_«233 Anas fae f 01 isapied ote acl shown by mea frig end } propia 233 ) the eorespend plates. Determine (a) the normal stress in the brass shell, (B) the . ‘deformation of the assembly. Oe ea San Sm ) | Sam SK S4/—Sm_—_ SOLUTION bet PL portion of axiaP force camnied by brass shelp = portion of axial Ponce carnied by steef core a ri 8 8 8. o . RL E,ALS QD jek G = 2 - ke a SBS > Be = BAS > BL = n : Ase. Pe c E P> PPR = (BAY EAE Sete ueuoe Tt? "EATER Ag = (0.020%(0.020) = Yoo x/0"* m* Ay (0,080 (0,080) - (0,020(0.020) = 500 x/0° m* rile o = 452.83 «107° (@) 6 Ee = (loSmto9 K4s2.83KI0%) = 47.5108 Py + 42S MPa —_ (b) 8 = Le = (asoxto* 452.83 «10% = 113.2 x10°F im ©. 132 */oF mm = O82 mm «<2.34 The length ofthe assembly decreases by 0.15 mm when an axial force is applied PROBLEM 2.34 ‘by means of rigid end plates. Determine (a) the magnitude of the applied force, (b) the corresponding stress in the stel eor. Sem 5m gym 52%, Sam SOLUTION Let PL portion of axial Farce cawied by brass shel. ean R= portion of axial force carried by steed core. Pl : BAS > oS Re Ewsor 250m 5 AB ee : > Be + By a) ae al a st tn Ps Rah (BAS BA) S As = (0,020%0.020) = Yoo ¥(07* m* AL = (0.030%0.020 ) - (0.020)(0.020) = $00 x0" m* “3 (a) Pe [losstot (score) + (200 «10" Coo x10* )] SESE, = 79.5«108 N = 75.9 kN = 7 xJo"* 6 &) 6&= Be = as = Gooner o.isx10") 5 120 x/0* Pa = 120 MPa ~1 2.38 The 4.5-f1 concrete post is reinforced with six steel bers, alti, eee 38 The 4.5 concrete post is reinforced with six sel bars, cach witha 14 diameter. Knowing that £,=29 x 10" psi and £,= 4.2 « 10 psi, determine the normal stresses in the tel andin the concrete when a350-cip axial cence force P is applied to the post, SOLUTION Let Pe = portion of axial force camied by concrete Pe = portion camed by the six steed rods ELA. + BA, Ag= © Far = SQiasy = 5.964 i? Aas Fao - Ag + Flial sae © 248.5 int Le 4S Fe 54 in Fe so da ee i: (42x10 YRB.S ) + (27 210° KS. 964) eee 6s = Ese = (2710 )6287.67%15°) = ~ 8.3410" psi = 8.84 si =e Ge = Ele = (Wanio® 28267 «lo ) = = 1.208 mic pare 1.208 ksi at2.36 Anaxial centric force of magnitude P= 450 kNis applied tothe composite block PROI - ‘shown by means of a rigid end plate. Knowing that h = 10 mm, determine the normal ee sitess in (a) te brass core, (b) the aluminum plates, e-1056 as a SOLUTION & Let PL portion of canad Force carried by brass tore Pax portion cavvied by two afiminon Plates = Be EAS 8° BR on Sh = BL 2 Fabs Pane Pao ee Pe Re R= (GA+BAYE e-2.—_ P_ T" BAL+ Eada Ay = (O24) = 2400 mm = 2400% 10% m™ Aa= (@Y6eXIe)= 1200 mm” = 1200 x10" m* 450 x to* 3 = 1.3393 x10 (BS x1o*K2400*10* ) + (70 10" KIZ00 * 10) é= @) 6 = Be = (lasxto? 1.3393 x/07) = 140.6x10% Pa = 140.6 MPa at (bY 6 = Ege = (oxi). 3893 id") © a8. aso! Pa = 93.25 MPapete Tea ee (eee eee ee a eae om co om co ea (=| rss owe qance SOLUTION ‘urna pes : i te 700r) endplate Let Pe portion of ania Force carved by brass core, Ay = Go Vee) = 2400 mm = 2400 «10% m* Aa (be) 2.37 For the composite block shown in Prob, 2.36, determine (a) the value of hi the Portion of the load carried by the aluminum plates is half the portion ofthe load PROBLEM 2.37 | ‘carried by the brass core, (4) the total load if the stress in the brass is 80 MPa. Rue portion carried by the two cdominum phates a- Bin. SAS 3S =H ayo = y800 mm = @NGOh | Boo o-m “oR PL= AeS, = (2400x10"S X80 wto) = 192 «t0% WV Por kP= Worn | b* ayy” 1S mate = Pe R+R = eax N = 288 kv =< |al eae ieee eek 7 Gj Gel (er 2.35 The 4.5-t concrete post is reinforced with six steel bars, each with a1} diameter, Knowing that £, = 29 * 10" psi and E, =4.2 x 10° psi, determine the normal stresses inthe steel and in the concrete when a 350-kip axial centric force P is applied to the post, 12.38 For the post of Prob, 2.35, determine the maximum centric force which may be ‘applied ifthe allowable normal stress is 20 si inthe stecl and 2.4ksi in the concrete. SOLUTION Determine alfowabde shrain in each metered Steek: eg2 Bs BOWE = es1.97 vio Smafler valve govems &= B= $71.48 ¥10"% het Pee portion oP oud cauriad by concrete Fit portion canvied by six steel rode se BE, REAR: BAS SBE, Pe BAP = BAC P=Pat Po = (EA + GAVE Ag = 6B dts ElniasyY = 6296+ in* Ac = Fde*- Ay = Flay - S264 = 248.5 in* P= [OnartoeX 248.594 (29 108 165164 )) (571.43 x10 = 69S xjo* Ih = 64S Kips =r teers eel mm c 2.39 Three steel rods (~200 GPa) support a 36-EN load P. Each ofthe rods AB and eee CD tas 2 200-mm’ cross-sectional area and rod EF has a 625- mm' cross-sectional tea, Determine th (a) the change in length of rod EF, () the stress in each rod SOLUTION Use member BED as a Free body fe iP Re i fe SP By symmetiy, on by ZMe =e fe Feo = Pas fee ZRrO Prat Re t Pee - Peo Pr 2T ha + Per = Pialae Pas be = Peel See fle Ag Pentel lee ena Since Lig = beg ond Ayes Aco, See = Seo Since points A,C, and & are fives Se = San, 8p * Sco) Se = Ser Since member BED is nig Se = Set Se Pelee . Popler . Ass. = 200, wo ee ee Pos ae UE Per = Gas” G00 Fee = 0.256 Por P= Fre + Per = (20.28) Pep 4 Pepe 1-512 Per A Par ‘ce 7 ne 23.810 110" N Pra = Pen = (0.256 (28.80 m10") = ¢.095 10" N (.) 8? Sp? (23.310 «107 400 «(0°87 (e) 6 Goouot\Ceasmioey ~ 76-2 MIO m = 0.0% 2mm at gs gy = Le o8ealo® S00 10) a. a 10° yn Gave #10") (200 #10” Sut Se = 7a G.04SHO" 0. § xi Pa = 30.5-MPame ra 200 w lone :(aaa) A eee ee eee re ieee ae fom] 20 A brass bot (Ey = 1510" psi witha J in. imeter ified inside a steet tbe (E29 lop) wihe ¥ Jn. outer diameter and }-inwallhisknes. ARerthe nut tas been fit snugly, it ighened one quarter of fill ra, Knowing tht the boli singletreaded with 20 len. pitch, determine the normal ses (a) ath bl, (2) in thetube PROBLEM 2.20 feed SOLUTION The movement of the nut afong the bodt after a quarter turn is equal to 4 pitch. S =(#)(0.1) = 0.028 in Also = S = Say + Srte where Susp e elongation of tle boft and Sate * shortening of the tube Let Putt = axial tensife Force in the boSt Probe = axiaP compressive force in the tube For equilibrium of each end plate Py = Poe = P Aunt Bd* = F(R) = o.1io4s int Aue > ECde- ds) = EGY -Y) = 0.22482 int = £ , (P)a) a i Sun > ERa ” swotyorroisy 7 7248/o" P Pat . (P12) a E Ane (21 «10° X 0.27452) O.0as = 7.243) x10 P 4 1.406010 P = 8.6481 x10" P Swe © 1.4050 x10" P Pe 2.8908 x(0% 1b ) Gute “gz 7 arebxiot = RCA w1O ps F262 ksi -_ > Gia Ee = -9.B2u108 pei 3-792 ks: =<yy Mm Chery, i mm momo eee PROBLEM 2.41 shuminuca (2 = 10-4 10° pi), ae joined at B and restrained by rigid supports at 4 pee ca and D, Determine a) the reactions at 4 and D, (b) the deletion of point C. [ieee aaa cuat SOLUTION AB: Pt Re, Las Bin Xin dame 1 in mtr An = Fe = E(Lias)* + 0.99402 in® PL Sue* ER a Ra (3? .4 x10" KO.94402) Ry R = 0.77886 wIo™® Ry BC+ P= Ry-i8x10°, L=l0in, A+ 0.99402 int = BL (Ry 12 x10* Xo) 6 8 See EA * (iadnio*Yo.99%02) * 0.967382 x10 Ry = 1T.YIQ HI CD: P= Ry 18x - 14x10" = Ry - a2xko* L=loim A= Fd> = E(ieasy = 2.0789 int ~ PL _ (Ry-3axlo7 U0) = es y* - re an Sco™ ER Gario* (2.07845 0.16627 *10* Ry - §.321 «10 By? Set See t Sen? 1907S KIO Ry - 22.733 v0"? Since point D canned move refative ts A Sp =O @) 1.9075 ¥16* Ry - 22.7388r)6'=s O Rat 1.4210" fb me Ro = B2m10*- Rye 20-08 10° Mh =< (oe) Se = Sap + Seo = L742 MO Ry = 17.41Q x10"? = (1.7412 «10° CL. 92 #108) = 17.412415* = 3.34K0% ine or §, = Rater , (Zo0antoXie) 2 3 gyv1e? in « EsAcy © (44¥10*)C2.0789 ) 4 241 Two cylindrical rods, CD made of steel (E = 29 x 10° psi) and AC made ofmo oa Con ao feel Cece eed eee Leeeee eee Cesc a ase] eee 1242. A sec ube (E = 200 GP) with 32-mm outer diemetr and a 4a thickness : js placed in vise that is adjusted 0 that its jaws us touch the ends of the tube without exerting any pressure on them. ‘The two faces shown ae then applied to the tube, After these forces ae applied, the vis is adjusted to decrease the distance SOLUTION betwoen is jaws by 0.2 mm. ‘Detemine (a) the Res exerted bythe vse on the tbe std and D, (6) the change in length ofthe portion BC ofthe tube. nm mm mm Rat Maeu@ eed eED Hg + S > WKN SORW For the tuhe dz=do-2t = 2 (204) = 4mm As Ede -d2) = E(a2*- 24) = BS1BE mm = 351.86 «10S m® AB: Pr RL = 0.08 m + Ek , Ralocgo) ss cos EA ” Goowot\ss1terio® 1.13868 410°" Ry BC: P+ Rt 42x10% Ls 0.080n Sec = LE - (Rat uanio* C10) ye 1.1368 KIO Re + 47. 140 x10"e ER * (200107 851.86 x10 CD: P= Ret l2xlo*, L= 0.080 PL _ (Rat 1210" (0.080) EA G 7 p= NI3GB ISR + 13.642 410 Tota?! So > Set Sact Sep © 3:4/04xI0" Ry + 61.388x/07° Given jaw movement Sap 0.2mm = O,Qn1C* my CO ~O.ANW= 3.4104 110" R, + 1.388 x10" Ra 7 76.6 wto8 N ++ 76.6 kN «< R= Ry + 1Rxlo8 Ro = - 64.6 ¥109 N = = 64.6 uN ~ Ch) Sge = (h1Z6R KITE 26:6 mF) + 47.746 KITS =~ 39.4 210m = 70.0394 mm ~= c eee eae PROBLEM 2.43 2.42 A steel tube (F = 200 GPa) witha 32-mmm outer diameter and a 4-mm thickness is placed in a vise that is adjusted so tha its jaws just touch the ends ofthe tube ‘without exerting any pressute on them. The two forces show are then applied to the SOLUTION tube. After these forces are applied, the vse is adjusted to decrease the distance ‘between its jaws by 0.2 mm. Determine (a) the forces exerted by the vise on the tube at A and D, (b) the change in length of the portion BC ofthe tube. 12.43 Solve Prob. 2.42, assuming that ater the forces have been applied, the vise ia Adjusted to decrease the distance between its jaws by 0. mm, RA 8 ¢ —f = WKN SORN For the tube az zd, -2t 32 (204) = 24 mm A= B(d.- a?) = E(a2*- au) = BS1.86 met = 351.86 eI mt ABI Pe R, Lt 0.08m Sy BE» Ra (0.080) EFA Goomot\ssy.8exio~ BC: P= Ras 4axio> L + 0.080 1m = 1.1368 x/0"7 Ry sg. = PL _ (Rat 4x10 C10) i tn xo Bee * ER * Gaoowio GS BERTOS) © 11368 X1O" Ry + 47, 746 x10" CD: P= Rat l2xlo*, L= 0.080 = PL. (Rt 12x10" 10.080) * : Seo EA Gaeowiot Kasi-benioe) ~ M368HISTR,* 13.c4RH16¢ Tota2? Spo = Sit Sait Sey Dee t the movement of the jaws B.A41OYnIO” Ry + 61. 388x10°* Spo F > Of mm © - O.b10°* mm (A - Op HIO> = 3.4104 KIO TR, + CI. 388 x10 Rs - A%|azaKtO* N 2-473 KN = Ro = Ras 12xio* = - 35,31 N = - 85.3 kN - (b) See = (1 136800" Me 47. 822 IP) + 47.746 mI = = GAS ISS im = =0,00605mm thesa ca eee eee) feeds eee feel seed cece PROBLEM 2.44 2.44 Three wires are used to suspend the plate shown. Aluminum wires are used at es ee i in. Knowing that the allowable stress for aluminum (E~ 10.4 * 10 pi) is 14 isl and tht he allowable ses forse! (E = 29 10 pi is 18, deterine the ‘maximum load P that may be applied, SOLUTION By symmetry Pas Py, and Sy Sp Also, So= 8, > Se = S Strain in each wire freee Bh, ach = 2g Determine aPfowable strain Ga, 14108 A = = the 5 ‘7 OS ER > Josie = Be Beye 20924 x10 fd —s c fe = & = fee = 0.620710 = E,> Eg = FE = 6.310315" 1.3462 x10" Aboveblle strain fe wise © governs + 62 = iBaid™ pai = Ee Pee Anka ta * ECE)’ Cio.4 110% (0.3103 15°) = 13aer db Pe = [ster tbh 6 Ee P= AG: = E(LY Cai) = 78.17 46. For equidIviom of He plate Pe Pt Pe eRe 774d -(ea): oi reece et fees), died ced ] [ [ pa eal 245 The rigid bar AD is supported by two stel wires of >i, diameter (E = 29 x 10f psi) and a pin and bracket at D. Knowing that the wires wer inially tught, determine (a) the additional tension in each wire when a 220-b load Pis applied at ‘, (6) the coresponding deletion of point D. PROBLEM 2.45 SOLUTION het © be the rotation of bar ABCD Then S,= 120 hate S. = 246 a ee Se = Packer a AE : . Py: LAS = Giri) Het (12 6) A Pee Re op ee Ue To A : joc = 106.7710 6 es = Ferber a : p. = EASe. - aut) iL) (248) ee Lee 18 = B63 x18 Using Free body ABCD DIM=+o 12 Fag + 14 Re - B0P =O (aK 106.7710 6) + (24\(118.63%10" ©) -(36 gto) = O 4.128310" @ = (BE)C220) O = 1.4185 * 10% vad @) Pee = (06.77 103 Ki-gisse(o* ) = 204.8 Jb. « P= (18.63 xfo*)Ciassw(o Y= 227.6 th =< We $9 > 36 O = (86 MBSHIO? = 64.1 KIO in = O- 0691 im, -246 The steel rods BE and CD each have iameter of # in, (E = 29% 10° psi). The PeceLeM 246) ‘ends are threaded with a pitch of 0.1 in. Knowing that after being snugly fit, the nut L 81 is tightened one fl tar, determine () te wason in rod CO, () te deleston 2 - point Cof te rigid meter AC Li on SOLUTION 2 4 a Zz | het © be te rotation of bar ABC as shown i este el] Then, Sez 60 and 85 100 Bot Sa F Shey ~ Spetee. Pet = (Ear Aue Sham - Sa / Lor bee = USFS 90 im Shim = On! in | | Mee = Fd*= F(SY = 0.3008 in* 7 (27 «10° Xo.3068)(0.1 - 66) Fee qo . Tea) jam} (| Re 4 = 7.886 x10 - S93.15«108° 6 | eee _ EAS. n S.> Fede = p+ EAS n Lest 6H = 7Zin, Awe 0.3068 in® fe ee eee Pp = (Atx0¢) (0.2068) (10 6 ies 72 = 1.23572 x10% O ny DIM, = oO CP -1OPy = 0 | (6)( 4.886 x1 ~ $98.16 v10* 8) ~ (10)(1.23572 40") © = 0 57.316 110° - 15.916 «08 8 = O O* 3. 7268H 10" pad \ n (2) Pag = (1.23572 108 8.26810) = 4G 1 »to% 1 = KEL kips ~ J (eb) S.= 10 6 = Wo3.72¢8x15%) = 37.3 ~/0" in | = 0.0373 in -_ i o oaPROBLEM 2.47 or 2.47 The rigid rod ABCD is suspended from three wires of the same material, The cross-sectional area of the wire at Bis equal to half of the cross-sectional area of ‘the wires A and C. Determine the tension in each wire caused by the load P. SOLUTION IM =0 ZLB +LB- GP =o bs BP -b HM,-0 - 21 -LrELPso By: P- 3% her 4 bf THB LENGTH OF THE wihes ALL (Ep 5s Fa ~ 9 Gr 2%) - Feo PA @ Elan) Fa 8 ee faa fee Sa7 Ea (B77 3/2) FRom THe pepoemaTon DINSRAM 2B 2 /Ac0OP . ok rR rhs hecor2.48 The rigid bar ABCD is suspended from four identical wires. Determine the PROBLEM 2.48 tension in each wire caused by the load P. SOLUTION Let 0 be jhe shope f bar ABCD after dePoomati = &+ Le Se = S44 240 So = 5 + SLO P= BAS, Pos SAS, > ERs, , Shh p Por EAs. + Bhs, 4 26RL@ PR SAS, = EB §, 4 SEAL @ +f ZF) 6 tere Pe-Peo 445, 4 SEA jo = p 4% +610 = w DIM =0 LP, + 2LR + SLR - Alpe SEALS, . WEL 5 © aup CS.+ 9 Lo = BE Gay Solving (1) and (2) simudtanewst, 6 = ar bw mt Pom «oe io Ro Pan hay « eF - Poe EAL gee - Por BL SPAR - - : =249 A steel railroad tack (E= 200 GPa, @ = 11.7 x 10*/C) was laid out at a PROBLEM 2.49 of 6°C. Determine the normal stress in the rails when the temperature ‘Teaches 48 °C, assuming that the rails (a) are welded to form a continuous track, (b) SOLUTION se 10 m long with 3-mm gaps between them, fad Sp = MATL = (17 10S )48-6)C10) = a x1 im > BL. ©. Moye , sia Seo fe > BS = Aor + sonst © fl S= B+ S = HINYWIOs +S50xJO™T = Oo + 62-7830 R = 7.3 MPa 12 3o6 tae 7 USE *IO psi = L567 kr we 10 Gq = “ah > - -EEBE HO «4 aagwio% psi 0.278 mePROBLEM 2.51 254 The brass shell («, = 20.9 « 104°C) is filly bonded tothe tee coe (t,= 11.7 x 10%/°C)), Determine the largest allowable increase in temperature ifthe stress in the steel core ie not exceed 55 MPa fan 88 wen ce ol-tm SOLUTION Let Fy = axa force developed in the steed cove Eoaoor | For equilibrium with zeve trtad Force , the compressive Pouce in the brass shed is Py. be 010m Strains &5 = zr +047) J eee aa + &(AT) Matching €5 = & on a + oG(AT) =~ Be +o (AT) Get am) = ua (aT Ag (0.020)(0.020) = 400 «10° Ay= ©@.080X 0.030) - (0.020Xa.020) = $00 ¥10% m* Ob -As= 1.2 If Jee Pez GAs = (SSx/08 doo w WS) = 221 N Bae aa ' if ey EA. GR, * Gooni Vaan) Tare Waar) = She” We (angs 10" aaxiot) = (4.2210 TY ATs 75.4 °C —2.52 The concrete post (B, = 25 GPa and a, = 9.9 x 104/°C) is reinforced with six PROBLEM 2.52 ‘steel bas, each of 22-mm diameter (E, = 200 GPa and 4 = 11.7 x 104°C), Determine the normal stresses induced in the ste! and in the conerete by & temperature rise of 35°C. SOLUTION in Ae = 240"- As = 240"= 2.28080" = SS. 32 «10% mm = SS.32%10°% m* Let Fe = tensife firce developed in the conevede For equidibrium with zero totad force, the Bion Compressive Force in the six steeP rods is R Strains = Gs =~ BR 4 CAT) o & Be eur) Jatehing ? * fe oo Hatching? tee Be 4 046A) B+ aur) (eat Ba YR = Hh aT) 240 mit . t : | axe Yessaxio®) > (Zoo Ot) @2asEmO* 5 Br (awio* as) Pe = 21.61xJo* N Re B60 = 0.39b0S Pa = 0.3971 MPa at 2 (re 2 + Pobltles ¢ - 247010" Pa = 947 MPa we Ag = 6 Fdt = GE (22) = 2.280810 mm = 2208115" maoa oe oO (ee SH cay 12, Sin, 2.53. A rod consisting of two cylindrical portions 4B and BC is restrained at both PROBLEM 2.53, ‘ends. Portion AB is made of steel (E,= 29 x 10 psi, a,= 6.5 * 10°/*F) and portion r a ‘BC is ade of brass (E,= 18 * 10 psi a= 104 = 104), Knowing tha the rod is initially unstressed, determine (a) the normal stresses induced in portions AB and BC * by a temperature rise of 65°F, (6) the corresponding deflection of point B. 1 fn dames sted SOLUTION eee ale Bde « Easy = 1.2272 int brass Aas Bee © D@asyt= 3.976) in® 7 Free thermal expansion 7 Sq = tyes (AT) + be (OT) = U2 X65 «15* KES) 40S KlO.4 10%) (es) = IS. 110° in Shortening eve 4 induced compressive Force P ier Plc Criteran CcETAg Cet init . Ganoynaa7ay * Gera Karmen) = $8860 P : For zero net deflection Sp » Sr (538.c7~JO7)P = 1.21107 Pe 25.8¢%/0% 4b (0 Sre2- K& 2 - 25Btu10? FRI xto8 ped = 2h Ket = S.--2 = ~ AS BHUO = - C50x40%pi = 6.50 Msi o 4 Pl Ge) Ses t EAR = Lee (47) + AS BEN OEMIZ) s\(e5) = 43.6 oo = *G@anioe m7) + (AYESuIo* Yes) 3. iat f ie. 3.64 o% int = 0.003¢4in F<2.54 A rod consisting of two cylindrical portions 48 and BC is restrained at both PROBLEM 2.54 ends, Portion 4B is made of brass (E,= 108 GPa, e209» 104/°C) and portion BC is made of aluminum (£, = 72 GPa, «, = 23.9 x 10*°C). Knowing that the rod is itially unstressed, determine (a) the normal stresses induced in portions AB and BC TT by 2 temperature rise of 42°C, (6) the corresponding deflection of point 3. Lim ‘Go-mm diameter SOLUTION Tora B Nee = Fdys = (60) = 2.8274 110 vam = 2.8274 115 me ue sommdincer Ages dae = Evo) = 1. 2566 10° wom" = 1.2566 15% m* aPuninom 1 Le Free Hermal expansion P See LywOlAT + Lect CATY = (.N 20.97 15° X42) + 1.3 03.9010 X42) = 4.2705 x/0% m Shortening due t © induced compressive Fovee ~ Pls , Plee Sr” Ane * Ean ie wie ‘ L3P Pp © Oso Va exes?) " TRON. 25e mo = 18,074% 107° P For zero net deflection Sp © Sr {8.074107 P = 2.2705 «107* Ps 12662 KIOe Vv HEHE = 1S.62 «10> . = @) Set Ke? ae = 44 4x10" Re 44.4 MPa ot See - = - IS.tanio> = = 100.0 ¥(0° P= -100.0 MPa Oe, the shedf is in compressionfon a. postive temperate nice et G2 -6 ksi = -6 «(0% pos Ant Ede = dz) = ECi.28*- 07s") = 0.78840 int As = Fd? = Eos} = 0.44174 in® P= -GAL= GA where Pie He tenside fiance inthe steel cone, Ge- S4a =» LEMP YC. 78S40\ 2 49, 667 ¥/0* psi 0.44174 es Be oular) = & + aan Es Ea. a (ole Hs CAT) = = -E 7e = 10.66 6xipo® _ “3 (e.4uio"®) (AT) leslie? + EBS = o-tasasxte (a AT = 145.9 OR - (ed gs EEE 6 cist Kus. a4) = 1.3163 «10? 2q«1o* : or Bt ENO (iat MUNA) #18168 S = Le = (00.368. 10%) = Colas in -253. rod consisting of two eylndveal portions AB and BC is restrained at both PROBLEM 2.56 ‘ends. Portion 4B is made of steel (£, = 29 x 10" psi, a, = 6.5 x 10°F) and portion BCis made of brass (E, = 15 * 10° psi, a, = 10.4 « 10*/*F), Knowing that the rod is - intially unstressed, determine (a) the normal stresses induced in portions AB and BC by a temperature rise of 65°F, () the corresponding deflection of point B. te. —— 2.56 Fortherodof Prob. 2.53 determine the maximum allowable temperature change stead if the stress in the steel portion AB is not to exceed 18 ksi and ifthe stress inthe brass 2 Portion CB is nt wo exces 7 ks fn. daneer fi SOLUTION be bores e Alourble force in each portion AB: GyqtiBke'= —1exitper, Ane = Baht = Elias) + 1.2272 in® P= GyAse = (8 x10%)U. 2272) = ~ 12.090 x10% Mb. BC! Gece-7 kai = -7m1o%psi, Ams Eder = Eazy = 3.976/ int P= GacAn = ©7%)0°3.776/) = = 27.333 10% Sb Smaffer absobste vadue governs 2 P= ~ 22,090 x10% Ib. Deformation due te P s, > Cbs » Phe - _ (orn Mi2) _ (22.00 x10" Kis). Eg Awe | Eee Mee (R410 W.2272) (1S 10)C3.9767) = = 13,004%10°° in Free thermal expansion Sp = LppO(AT + Ly a (AT ) > (12 6.Sx1d* XAT) + Cis M1004 10% WAT Y = (as4 «10% (AT) Tetal deformation is zero Sea Sp * (A34w10" MAT )- 13,004x107° = © AT = SS.6°RF «co, t-co co co — Fees feels 2.87 Determine () the compressive force in the bars shown after a temperature rise PROBLEM 2.57 '0f96°C, (b) the corresponding change in length of the bronze bar. SOLUTION ee tamer gr} Calculate Fine thermal expansion Spe Lea(dr) + Lad, AT Brome unin A ioomet Ah ant 5X ae) 5 Erusch | EBor = (0.36 Wal. mI KAG) + (ONS V23.2 15° KIO) = 1.728% 10% m P P —.? Constrained expansion S = 0.8mm = 0.500015" m Shortening due to induced compressive Force P Sp = b722*10* - O.s00%)O* = 1.228*10%m But, in terms of P = Phe, Pla of bp, th et A GE TRE) 0.35) ie On4S- \p 500 x10% Ylasx{0*) (| B00 x10 73 x 10%) = £6496 «jo? P (al Equeting $.6499G-f0 P= 1.a28*10° = P= 217.46 HN > 277kN (6) SF bya(ar) - re <217.46 xto* Co, 35) = (0.35)(21.6 x10" (AE) = Gisoon0* Wos=1087 > 728.76 KOS = 483.24 107% =. 242. LO m = 0.2425 mm =ieee Ieee ese 4d ese ieee PROBLEM 2.58 05 mm aff 93s8 pos a A= 1500 mnt E~15cre E=730P. a= Mexlotc a a2 x10%C P P a Avaidabhe fength Sr = 0.5 mm Bt S,= Lyaycar) 2.88 Knowing thata0.5-mm gap exists when the temperature is 20 *C, determine (a) the temperature at which the normal stress inthe alurainum bar will be equal to -90 ‘MPa, 0) the corresponding exact length of the aluminum bar SOLUTION Ga = ~90%j0% Pa Aa® [800%/0°¢ m* P= ~GQAL = (10x08)(1800 10S) = 162 v8 N Shortening dve to P foe apL Se" BA t BAS = £162x10°)(0.35) 4, _(162x10* (0.45) (asior Kigooxio*) "(73% 10")(1800* 10) = 4.749 10° m= 0.91474 min for thermal expansion + OLG97F mm = 141479 mm = LYINTI RIO wy + Lad(aT) = (0.88 Xa.6 10% AT + (0,45(23.2 x10") AT = 18.00 xf07* (AT) Egquating 18.00/08 (AT) = L4IN7GKIO = AT = 78.6% @ Tht = Teas + AT = 204786 = 98.6°C = 7 r) - Pee (b) S, Lew(ar) EK = (0.45% 23.210" (78.6) - = 820.58 x10" Demet Lot SO G62 103 60.45) Ce *1OF Xib00 FI) = SS4,79M OS = 265.78 HIS mr OMS 265.78 *10% om = 0.450266 m * 450,0266 mm -_oo PROBLEM 2.59 .02in, f AT = 320-70 * 250 °F h = Free thermal expansion Aluminum A= 28int B= 104 x 10% 6 133% 1048 -{_ S, Pla (3 quotin. 4 (a) oO e) = 2.59 At room temperature (70°F) a 0.02-in. gap exists between the ends ofthe rods shown, At a later time when the temperature has reached 320°F, determine (a) the normal stress in the aluminum rod, (8) the change in length ofthe aluminum rod. SOLUTION SpE Lae (AT )+ bs& (AT) 12 13.3 10 JQSO) + (10V(9.6 = 10 KAso) = 63.9107" in = 0.0659 in, 0% 108 pe = 96x 10470 Shortening due te P to meet coustvamt Sp = 0.0684 - 0.02 = 0.0437 in Ply L, ne RE (RET RE)P 1 te ii = TBViowme) * TR VaESTOe)) P= 709-7107 P 704.71 x10" P= 0.0439 Pe S1esrxio’ fb 10> a ee By - a87H10 porno! pai re 28 = -220%ksi me L Tr) - Pbs oo eee ne — (61.857 «108 (12) C213. 3%10° ASO) BMI. RIO™ 34.90 x10 ~ 5.491 = 14.4) 110° in = O.0144T in =2.60 A brass link (= 15 « 10 psi og = 10.4 * 10°/°F) and a steel rod (E, = 29 x oe 10" ki, = 6.5 «10°/°F) have the dimensions shown at temperature of °F. The steel rod is cooled until it fits feey into the link. The temperature of the whole assembly is then mised to 100°F. Determine (a) the final normal sess in the steel in rod, (6) the final length ofthe steel rod, tt "5" souution isi casino asin eb ed sg eee AT = 100 - 65 = 35°F Secton ted with difference betveen Finat iad dimensions Free thermal expansion of each part Brass Pink (Sq), = OATYL) = (lo.dxion¢ Kas\(io) = 3.6410"? in Steel rod — (Sr)s = Olg (AT XL) = (6.Sx 10° )(BS Kio) = 2.275 x10" in Bt He Fined temperature the Free length of the stee? vod 0-008 + 2.295 ITs = B.64xIOTS = 2.6385 6IO in Ponyer than the brass Dink Add equal but opposite forces P +e elongate the beers Pink and contnact (eS) the ‘stee? rod. ; Le, _ PGo) Brass dink (Se* PE? GGeVRIET) oF = H.W xo" B : Pe. Sheree Gs EE = GEO = 280.94 x10 P (3), +15), = 3.635 ¥lo7$ (342.10xIO*)P = 8.635%I0* Re 9.2705 ~/0% th to? (a) Fined stress in steed vod G “E a fesse =~ 7.S5x1O psi = - 255 i =e (bY Fined Pength of steed vod Ly = 10,000 + 0,005 + (Sr)~ (Sp )s = 10.008 + 2.225 wlo® - (280.99 «107 )(9.2705% 18) = 10.0046? in, ~2.61 Two stee! bars (6, = 200 GPa and a, = 11.7 x 10°C) are used to reinforce a PROBLEM 2.61 brass bar (E, = 105 GPa, a =20.9 x 10/°C) which is subjected toa load P= 25 KN. ‘When the steel bars were fabricated, the distance between the centers of the holes ‘Which were to fit onthe pins was made 0.5 mm smaller than the 2 mneeded. The steel bars were then placed in an oven to increase their length so that they would just fiton the pins. Following fabrication, the temperature in the stee! bars dropped back to oom temperature. Determine (a) the increase in temperature that was required to fit the steel bars on the pins, (B) the siress inthe brass bar after the load is applied to it SOLUTION (@) Required tempevatuve change for ie Falowcation Br F OS mm = OS x1 Mm a) Tempevatuve change required to éxpand steed ber by this amourt Spt Log AT — 0.5 #10" =(ROOK UHI KAT), AT = O.SKIS* = CAICILT« LOK AT) AT = 2.368% ae tb) Once assembled, a tensite force PY develops in the steed and a compressive force P¥ develops im the brass, in onder te efongete the steeP and contract the brass. EPongation of steed! Ags (2)(5X40* Yoo mm * 400™/07 mn" Se pe ee (ne Ke *Gubsetideeety = 2x17 P Contraction of brass! Ay> (4O)UIS) = 600 mm = 606 x/0* mé PL ~___ "2.009 -sp* (Se? Reg = Tecmo KesvEry ~ 3746 x10 P Bot (Spls + (Sp), is-equal to He initial amount of misfit (Spy (Sp = O.SxIS, 56.796 1S" P* = 0.5107" PY zs 8.8nxiot NW Stresses due to fabrication seed: og £. Brist G(s -EE ~ BRIO™ = = 14.087 108 Pa 1.68 MPa, Te these stresses must be added the stresses due te the 25 KN foad. 22.03%10° Pa = 22.03 MPa continuedProblem 1 _continved For the added toad, the additionat deformation is the same for both the steet and the brass. Let S! be the additional Aisplacemert, Rilgo, det Py ancl Py be the additional forces Aevetoped in the steed and brass, respecttvedy. f. BEL RL 3° AE" MA Pe aa se Moet Kao 2°) S' = Yoxlot 8° PL = Anke s*e Aceon }as 10" S' = 3180s! Tohed Pe Poe R= 25x08 M Yowlo® §' + 3/.5«j0° §' = aSxjo* S'= 349.6510 mn Pee (Howlo® (aaacswio®) = 13.986 «10% NW Poe (3l.sx10*)(s4eswic® \* tide wio® N os 6 = PRs e88eH gy az ei0® Pa = Add stress due te fabrication 6 = 34.97 10% + 22,03 %)0% © 57,04)" R, = S20 MPR GL * 18.36 *lo*- wWesxmt= seaxot fh = 3.08 MPa =e ‘aiialasiaaiaaei ->--tfuaai te a2.61 Two steel bars (#,~ 200 GPa and a; 11.7 * 104°C) are used to reinforce a PROBLEM 2.62 bras tar (E,= 105 GPs, 209 1041-0) whichis subjected onload Pods HA ‘When the steel bars were fabricated, the distance between the centers of the holes wiich were ofiton the pins was mede 0.5 mm smaller than the 2m needed, The steel ‘bars were then placed in an oven to inerease thet length so that they would just the pins, Following fabrication, the temperature in the steel bars dropped back to oom temperature, Determine (a) the increase in temperature that was required to fit the steel bars on the pins, (6) the stress in the brass bar after the load is applied to it, 262 Determine the maximum load P that may be applied tothe brass bar of Prob, 2.61 ifthe allowable stress in the eel bars is 30 MPa and the allowable stress in the brass bar is 25 MPa. SOLUTION See Solution to PROBLEM 3.6! to obtain He fabncation stresses 63> 22.03 MPa Go -14068 MPa Alfowable stresses? Guay? 30 MPa, Giay = 25 MPa Availabde stress increase From Pond 6s = 30-22.038 = 7.97 MPa GL = 2541468 © 34.68 MPa Ge, 2h.¢axtot eS gene = Baer 2 877.9 0 Shatter valve governs © 234.85" 10°° 2 Ag @ MEY40) = 400 wm = 400% IOS m™ Age (ISX) = 600 mm* = GOOx1O™S m* Aveas Ps = ByAg& = (200x107 C400 wies* (39.8510) = 3.188 vio WN PL BALE = Close 10% )(600 «Jo )(39.85*1S*) = 2511 xI0" N Total aflowable additionad Force = + BBB IO 4 2S «10% = 5.7010" N fi & i Pe = $.70 KN =ee 2.63 Inastandard tensile testa sto rod of {in meters ubjected to tension ips force of 17 kips. Knowing that v= 03 and £ = 29 x 10° psi, determine (a) the elongation ofthe rod in an 8-in. gage length, (8) the change in diameter of the rod. fin diameter sin] SOLUTION PVT kip = dct ob, Ax Bats BG) = 0.60182 in* 17 ™)0° 3 e S= Fs TER = are ee Es BALE © gpugn ont BaeIo* Sx = (8.00 974.9 wIO) = 780x107 in 0.00780 in. =e By =~ VE= ~CO.BKI7G IOS) = = 292.5 «10% Sy = (3 M- 292.510" “) =-256 "105° in = -0.000256 im: met 2.64 A standard tension testi used to determine the properties of an experimental eee plastic, The test specimen is a 15-mm-diameter rod and it is subjected to a 3.5 kN i tensile fore, Knowing tha an clongaton of II mm and a decrease in diamterof| 0462:mm are observed in 120mm gage length, determin the modus of elasticity, the modulus of igiity, and Poison ratio of the materia oo SOLUTION 120m) femmcnmeer = B® = Bish = 61S mm = 12TH we 3.5 «108 N 2 xi a Saas E = 3541, = 19.8064 10 é= Se. te = te = fie = 4.cc7 10) Ge 19-206 10% = iC w JOS Py = € > “Beeentes, Alex 10° Pe 26 MPR =m — 0.62 me Z Se O62 =~ 4323 xi0® -2 : issue = 0.4504 - < Eo RIGO 74.54 )0¢ Pa= 74.5 MPa = RCD) — 240. 8Gonyeee ia Ea — 2.65 A 2-m length ofan aluminum pipe of 240-mm outer diameter and 10-mam wall thickness is used as a short column and carries a centric exial load of 640 kN. Koowing that £= 73 GPa and v= 0.33, determine (a) the change in length ofthe pipe, (6) the change in its outer diameter, (c) the change in its wall thickness. PROBLEM 2.465 SOLUTION RHO mm b= 1O mm di = do-2E = ROmm B(de-di* )= H(a40*- 220") = 7.2257 10% mm* L.22S7 10% m* P= GHoxio* N ~ PL. _ youd )( 2.00) e-teb.. 572422 «10% G8 = RE © -@ gasmm108 KT x107) ac = -243 mm ~ 2 Sy RHO LL > e: By ~ RRR. - aise’ Ege = - VE = -(0.83)C1L2133 10%) = 400.4 xJ0% (eo) Ads = ch Eae =(240X400.4x10°% ) = 0.0961 nm = (> At = Ceéat = (10)(400.4x1o% ) = 0.00400 mm <_< 2.66 The change in diameter ofa large stel bot is carefully measured as the nut is PROBLEM 2.66 tightened. Knowing that £ = 200 GPa and »= 0.29, determine the internal force inthe bolt ifthe diameter is observed to decrease by 13 um. mm = 5 SOLUTION “| a Sy = 13xIO°o m d= Gox/o*m ey: Be - Bae ee a.c7 mor ve Be ge Ge MEE 747 15 40° : Oy = Ee, = (200m1009 747.13 118) = 149,43 10% Pa At dt = Blot = 2.827%10% mm F= GA = (149.43 wio% (2827"Io* ) = 4a2xiod ON = 4aQ kN — 2. BRP *1O™* wyeel: 2.67 An aluminum plate (E = 74 GPa, v = 0.33) plate is subjected to a centric axial load which causes a normal stress 0. Knowing that before loading, a line of slope 2:1 is serbed on the plate, determine the slope of the line when 0 = 125 MPa, SOLUTION PROBLEM 2.67 The stope after deformation it tan O= 20.480) = See BSH Ly gaa vio E * “qWxior ze ze wic*)= ” aie) By 7 Ew = (0.33 1.6892 10") = 0.5574 » 10"* = a6 oOSST) a eae 144581 = 2.68 A. 600 Ib tensile load is applied oa test coupon made from qin, fat tet plate bieernettate (E=29 « 10*psi, v= 0.30). Determine the resulting change (a) inthe 2.00-in, gage length, (6) in the width of portion AB of the test coupon, (c) in the thickness of portion SOLUTION AB, (din the cross-sectional area of portion 48, som A GNEY= 0.08185 i) snyaeef——agec Lt =: 2. 2 » i S= Re Sagas = 19-270 ps te. =z Sy MRI, ve Ber BS gawioe 7 662,070 Ka) Se = Le, = (ROMER. OPI) = 1.324 10 in, — By t£,7- Ye, > ~(0.20V(662.07«10") = - 198.62 % 10% cb) Secay = Woby > CAX- 98.6210") = - 99.8 010° in, = ‘ KC) Stitnes ® bely * (ib )(-198-62x10% = = 12H HIS in. Md) A= wt = wi (r+ey)t, (i+ 8) = Wot, (i+ €y + fz + E82) AK = A-A, = wot, (ty +8, +& £2.) = AVR) C 198,62 110" - 498,62 105% + neg, F = RH IO in® Gaal249A i pressurizt square is scribed onthe sie ofa large steel pressure vessel, ARer the biaxial stess condition at the square sas shown. Knowing that =6hs =29 x 10‘ psi and v= 0.30, determine the change in length of a) side 4B, (b) side BC, ‘1 (© diagonal AC. fittte PROBLEM 2.69 SOLUTION abst Bee EUG 9G) = sabe [lane (0.30 Kou] e 2q210° TTT = 351.72 «10° Jin By BG - 2G) gage [Grr -(o.te X21 )] = 82.76 “10"* (Sig = (ABS = (00 6851,72K10*) = 351.7 "10° in, = We) Se, =(BE Jey = (1.001 82.76x/0% ) = B28 «10 in =< (eo) evs faa? + CBO" = (ia, + SY + Cie, + 5)" =f + 35210) + (14 828°) = LHINSE pene GO), = 12 AC -AAC),. = 307%10% in -= or vse catevdus as Fobosrs: B Labbe sides using a,b, aude as shown e b ce? = a+ b* PT Ga © Obtain diMPeventials 26 de = Zadas 2bdc From which des Sda + bade But ar b0oin, bs leon, ct dR in. dat Sq = asn7ano* in, Ab See t 82B%10 in S_7 des BB lasir wit Vs Be (a2.ax 10%) = B07x10* in, =2.469 A tin, sq scribed on the side of a large steel pressure vestel. Aer pressurization the biaxial stress condition atthe squares as shown. Knowing that 29x 10" psi and v=030, determine the change in length of (a) side AB, () side BC, anol (©) diagonal 4c. itt 2.10 For the square of Prob. 2.69, determine the percent change in the slope of eo Signa noth psp tee SS EEa=1 — souution TTT 5 Label sides a and b as show, in| 4 b The sfope is $2 % The change in sdepe is pa? ealevdated from dibterentiad eu fis ds + ede abda as _ @adb-bda _ db _ da Seer aor Orit ietty at b a To change in sdope = 48x 100% de Bet EG = HG) > ate fame? - (0.2906 x102)] = 351.72 *10°* ab. & = ECy- vo) > ares cute - 212 «10°)] = 82.76 xo’ 48 = 35).72«10°%- 8276/0 = 268.96 ¥l0"* Je change in shpe = 268.96 x10" QL + 0.0267 % -ree tea. 2.71 A fabric used in air-inflated structures is subjected toa biaxial loading that results PROBLEM 2.71 ‘in normal stresses, = 120 MPa and @ = 160 MPa, Knowing that the properties of the fabric can be approximated as £= £9 GPa and v= 0:34, detemaine the change a length of (a) side AB, (6) side BC, (=) diagonal AC. SOLUTION 6, = Moxto* Pa, G= 0, 6 = komt’ Pa Ber P(E - VG - ve) = Buigt | 20*b* ~ (0.34Y(1c0x/0")] = 754,02 x j0"% 1 . & = B(-26y vq +E)= Fer] -]sMizonwt) + 160 10%] = 1.3701 w1o* (a) 85> (AB YE, = 100 mn )(754.02 15") = 0.0754 mam ~« Cb) See = CBE) Eg = (7Smm )L1-3TONX IOS) = 0.1028 mn = (cy Act @ label sides of right triangle ABC ac a,b, and ¢ : b cts ata bt Obtain differentials by cafevdus 2¢ de = 2ada+ 2b ab de- $do+ Bab But = 100 mm, b= 100mm cs V100% 76°) = 125 mm da = Sig = 0.0754 mm Ab = Sq = 0.1370 mm : = 12. Siete: . Sre = ete = 492 (o.o7se)+ We (0.1028) = 0.1284 mm =esiz a Ena 2.72 The brass rod AD is fitted with a jacket that is sed to apply an hydrostatic bees : pressure of 48 MPa tothe 250-mm portion BC of therod, Knowing that E= 105 GPa, and ¥~= 0,33, determine (a) the change in the total length AD, (6) the change in diameter of partion BC of the rod. SOLUTION G& > 6, = -p = +48x10% Pa, Homm comm = 2 (Oy - vey - VE; ) LT = eee | 181 - ©.38N00)-C.s8K4ar/0°)] = = 306.29 ¥0* fy = PE (- vey + - 26) = sodas | O-anererict) + 0 = G.a3Keusc8)] = - 801-71 % 10° (2) Change in demgth: — Ondy portion BE is stmined. b= 240 mm Sythe = (Q40 X= 301.7) «jO*) = = 0.0724 mm -_ G2 Change in diameter? = d= SO mm See S, = Ae = COX 306.29 10%) = ~ 0.0153) mm = 2.73 The homogencous plate ABCD is subjected to biaxial loading as shown. Ttis PROBLEM 2.73, ‘known that o,= oy and that the change in length of the plate inthe x direction must be zero, thats, &,=0. Denoting by E the modulus of elasticity and by vPoisson’s ratio, determine (2) the required magnitude of a, (8) the ratio 0/6 6° 6, Gt, &FO Bt ECS VG - 6) = FCG, - 96? (@) 6. = V6 ca 26 ~ 26; +) E(-¥°6, -0 + &)= EG,normal strain 2 in a direction 1 load in terms ofthe axial strain by (a) ie hypothenuses of the triangles shown in Fig. 2.54, which represent respectively an clement before and after deformation, (6) us corresponding stresses aand «shown ini 1.40, and the get : 7 @ PROBLEM 2.74 ‘ Fig 2.54 sourTon Rig 1.40. @) ae “ IX ae! Tis (ay Before deformetion After deformation (WeGsen]? = Gees C- vet aCe reve" )* fs 2a 4 eral -2ve roe, Us's ze* = 26, 48¢ 208, +8 Neglect squares as smal? Nel = 28 -2ve2.78 In many situations itis known thatthe normal stress in a given direction is zero, for example ,= 0 in the case ofthe thin plate shown. For this case, which is known, asplane stress, show that if the strains 4, and 4, have been determined experimentally, we can express 2, ¢, and 6, a8 follows: PROBLEM 2.75 atv, at vey r -F Aaatie ia o,2£ G45) 2 SOLUTION By B= Sy) a MuPHip fying (2) by » and adding to (i) 52 EC-V + GQ) ee er S. = 7 r(e.4 we) = Mobtiphying (1) by v and adding $0 (2) five 5 Gt Enlge ee 7 Ele, - vG) = -2 5. B+ VE, +8) 4 ve? > BUY) (ga) = eS Cet ey) =< 2.76 In many situations physical constraints prevent strain from occurring ina given PROBLEM 2.76 direction, for example ¢,=0 in the case shown, where longitudinal movement ofthe 7 long prism is prevented at every point. Plane sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis remain plane and the same distance apart, Show thet forthe this situation, which is known as plane strain, we can express 7,4, and 6, as follows: 2,= ¥(0,+0,) 6.2 FO 792, = ¥014 No, 62 EI0- 10, re No) - SOLUTION EOF E(-vG,-VG+ 6) ov 6,7 v(Gj+6y) — z E Y Pz y txt FCG - 26y - 26.) = EL ,- 96 - 2°64 G)] = BLG->*)6, - olienvey] i by = EVE rey-¥6,)* H]-v 6, +6y - G46] sp laew 6 - vivre, ] =bed See eee aay iB les 1 2.77 Two blocks of rubber, each of width w= 60 mm, are bonded to rigid supports PROBLEM 2.77 ‘and to the movable plate 4B. Knowing that a force of magnitude P = 19 KN causes deflection d= 3 mm, determine the modulus of rigidity ofthe rubber used. SOLUTION Consicler upper block of rubber. The force a KS ap carried is kP, The shearing 4 stress is aP <1? v- dt =r? A where A= (180 mm \GOmm) = 10.8 010" rm = 10.8 #157 m™ Pe 17x1OtN r= GMa?) . 0.879¢8x10% Pa ye = > $S5, + oosszy Gs B= SSMEEWOT 2 0.267108 Pa = 10.20MP 2.78 Two blocks of rubber, for which G~= 7.5 MPa, ate bonded to rigid supports and i desteratci bath te the movable plate AB. Knowing that the width of each block is w = 80 mm, determine the effective spring constant, k= P/6, ofthe system, SOLUTION Consider the upper block of rubber The aAKS P force cavried is £P CM shy ares u P= 2Ar Tle shearing strain is T= -B fon which $= hY p-B. 2AZ 8 hy Effective spring constant Noting thet ot GT, ke 2aS = arose o.ose)(7.54/0*) Pee ar G.12K 108 kN/m =ePROBLEM 2.79 Shearing stress Shearing strain Bt 7 Bs 2.79 The plestic block shown is bonded to fixed base and toa horizontal rigid plate towhich force Pi applied. Knowing that forthe plastic used G=5Sksi, determine the deflection ofthe plate wien P=9 kips. c Considen the my plastic block. ‘The shearing Force cavried is Pe qo The area is Az (3.5) 5.5)= 14.25 in® wot te ¢ = BS e467. 82 psi vs E+ At = 0. 0085006 = h X= (22 W0.0088006) = 0.0187 in, «= PROBLEM 2.80 2.80 A vibration isolation unit consists of two blocks of hard rubber bonded ‘AB and to rigid supports as shown, For the type and grade of rubber used ‘y= 220 ‘si and G= 1800 psi. Knowing that a centric vertical force of magnitude P= 3.2 kips ‘must cause a 0.1 in, vertical deflection of the plate 4B, determine the smallest allowable dimensions a and bof te block. SOLUTION Consider the wbher lock on the wight. 4 carries a Shearing force equal te 4P- The shearing stress is T= HP = 322x108 & * one = 72727 in? or required A = But A= Gob Hence b = & = RAZ in, ~< Use be 24Rin and ZF 220 psi Shearing strain Y= & = BS = 0. 12222 Bt r-% eget Hence = SF Seay F088 in. =<Cee He eee) teal =] PROBLEM 2.81 2.81 An elastomeric bearing (G = 0.9 MPa) is used to support a bridge girder as shown to provide flexibility during earthquakes. ‘The beam must not displace more than 10 mam when a22 KN lateral loads applied as shown, Determine (a te smallest allowable dimension , (6) the smallest required thickness aifthemaximumllowable shearing stress is 420 kPa, SOLUTION Sheanng Force P= 2Qx10*N Shearing stress T+ 420 vI0* Pa =>2. A~£. gan . ane CHRO ATE Raa 2 S2, B81 X10 m = 52.381 *[0* mm A = (200m bY 3 b= A = SRB e262 om « mee = _igexto® = 466.67 4/0 * <2. + 2. lomo Bot 72 Oe Re ees = Und mm - paonreniaae 2.42 For the elastomeric bearing in Prob. 2.81 with b = 220 mm and a = 30 mm, determine the shearing modulus G and the shear stress rfor 2 maximum lateral Toad ‘P= 19 KN and a maximum displacement J= 12 mm, SOLUTION Shearing force P = 19x10 N Aven A = (200 mm )(220 mm) = HY x10" mene 441 n™ . re Es Bee, s 931.81 «10% Pa elo" = 481 kPa Shearing strain Y= $= 122 = 0.400 | Shearing modulus 2 | c-2- HBngtxi0" = 1.08010" Pa " . = 1.080 MR =*2.83 Determine the dilstation ¢ and the change in volume of the 200-mnm leng PROBLEM 2.83 ‘terodabown f(a) thro isd of el wits = 200 GPa and 90305) te iit rods made of anu with = 70 Ge and Y= 038, 36kN SOLUTION {200mm —f Ae Eat= Ela = 380-13 wn? = 390.13 x/o°* Pe aCxio°N GZ = iaiorwiot Pe G G20 &c2 FG - 2G -vo.): & & 8,7 - ve, > -v& © &t e+ f= HG, -ug-ve, ) = EPSe Volume Ue AL = (380.13 mm (200mm Y= 76,026 «10% maw? Aw: Ve er steel: ¢ = Ow Mri orMo) aya yore Zed v1 OF AV ® (16.026 110%)€242 «10° ) = 18.40 rmm® We) aloninon? —@ + (ORLA) Sroyiort AV = (76.046 vlo* 51x10 ) = 39.4 mm* Abafee Eee ee $2.84 Detemnne the change in volume of the 2in. gage length segment AB in Prob. Useeveteeceetcsee 2:68 (0) by competing the nation of the maka, 5 by stenting the ginal of portion 48 rom its inal volume From PROBLEM 2.68 thickness = 1 in ii v= 0.30 He SOLUTION (2) A=(AGE)s 0.03125 nt Nodume? Vez Abe = (0.03/25)(2.00) = 0.0625 in® &= ¢ = aoe = 19.2. «10* psi 6 = = Ee= EUG - v6, - VG) = Gee Haag = 662.07 xio"® fy = Ez 2 - VEy = ~ (0.B00(662.07%10% ) = - 198.62 10% e = Ee bE + EF 264.88 110% AY = Ue «(0.0625 264.83 "10% ) = 16.55 «10% in = (b) From the sofstion to PROBLEM 1.68 Se = 1.324 x10% ny SEH 99.3 *1O* im B= = 1241S in, The dimensions when under a 600 fh feuride foadd avet Jength ob Lot S, > 24 1.32% vO* = 2.001324 ine width w= wes$y= £- 9431 = 04999007 in, thickness b= tot+S. 2 B-124/xlO* = 6.06248754 in volume Uz Lwk = 0,062516539 in? AV = VU-Uzy = 2.062516534 - 0.0625 = 16.544/0% jn met°2.88 A.6-in, diameter sold stel sphere is lowered into the ocean to a point where PROBLEM 2.85 the 7.1 ksi (about 3 miles below the surface). Knowing that E» 29 x 10° Psiand »=0.30, determine (a) the decrease in diameter ofthe sphere, (6) the decrease SOLUTION ‘in volume of the sphere, (c) the percent increase in the density ofthe sphere. Fora sodid sphere Us=Ed> = E(6.00)* = 113.097 ind Gee & = = -p = - 2110 pai 0.4 xjo* Za x(o* ~ 2 Eee F Ge-v6y - YG) = a = 5297.98 #10" Likewise & > £, = ~ 97.98 x/0% > Bt tH, = ~ 293.79 10° (@) -Ad =-de &y = -(6.000( 47.93x/0%) = 588 *107* in, A Qe) -AM =U | = -(113.0470(-293.79x 10S) = 33.ar/0°% in? ) het m= mass of sphere in = constants me pV, = pV = pV, (ire) facet eee aerate Ponies Bey im | * en! = (sere ete = -@+e*-e%4_. #%-e@ = 293.79%10"° Pz «100% = (293.79 «10 Vlj00 %) = 0.0294 % =(b) ¥2.86 (a) For the axial loading shown, determine the change in height andthe change PROBLEM 2.86 ‘in volume of the brass cylinder shown. (6) Solve part a assuming that the loading is hydrostatic with ¢= = o,=-70 MPs, pee if rs SOLUTION, ay" BMPs BT mn = O.13S m — B= 1056Pa eran Aor Fedo = Eas) = 5.6745 21h mm * S.6T4S 15? Vy= Agha? 766.060 10 mas = 766,06 10S mn? (a) G&= 0, &= tb (-v& +S - 9G = a ~ SBA, = 52. s8K10* S8*KS Pa, 6, = O Ah = boty = (135 mm VC~ $52.38 210°) B = 0.0746 mm _ = tog» 2 UY Sy 2 (0.34)6 58 x1) ee TAG 4 oy +6) = CEG = Oe = = 187.81 <|0° AV = We = (766.06K(0% md \-187.81x10%) = - 45.9 mnt et & = GG = ~70%10° Po 6. + 6 +622 -210x10° Pa by = E(-6y + Gy - YG,) = is ei ‘e 3470x109) 2 _ ane eg xjor* JOS * 107 Dh = he fy = (185 mm VC RRC PIO) = - 010806 mm = = logy @.34)(- 21 a) ne e = AY (G+ 6+ 6G) = NE aleriet) ~ 680 x0" AV = Ue = (166,06x107 mm? (-egox1o* ) = = SU mm> ~~*2.81 A vibration isolation support consists of arod 4 of radius R, = 2 of inner radius, ~ 1 in. bonded to 3-in-Long hollow rubber cylinder with a ‘modulus of rigidity Determine the largest allowable force P which may applied otod di deferion ot ooroce ate SOLUTION Let V be o radia coordinate. Over the hodfow vobher cyPinder Ry VS Ry Pp Shearing stvess T achug aA on a eydindricnd surface I | oF radsucr is -2 2 ‘a t tT A anvh q The sheering strain is v-& + same Shearing dleFormation over radial fonsth dv as. aes ear 3 dS= Nae mae Totad deFormetion ; P__(* de ! \ o (as “ser |, r Jae ( = Palin Rtn ®) 7er e, atGh see Rs = 27GhS = aor hg ww Po SE it Date? Roe Gh a OBS R= hom, b= 3.0 in Gt LB psi, 5 = OL! in Pe NICE. areal He atc a]PROBLEM 2.88 ap AP "2.88 A vibration isolation support consists ofa rod 4 of radius Ry and a tube B of inner radius R, bonded to 2 3-in-long hollow rubber eylinder with a modulus of| rigidity G= 1.6 ksi. Determine the required value ofthe ratio R/R, iff «2-kip force Pis to cause a 0.12-in, deflection of rod 4. SOLUTION Let v be o radial coordinate. Over the hobfow vubber cyfinder Rie VER Pp Shearing stress T achug ay on 0 tytindnical surface Ey oP padivcr is re P sees eect cae h a r te * inh a The sheaning strain is v°& ooh Shearing deformation over vadiad lonsth dv as. dr Pde . oe §8: Yar s oo at Tota# deFormetion % Pp A § as “aor, + oe dine ff » Peg lih P= tn®) a Ter jn =< 2nGh$ _ Hiroe ON2) Ly s09e - P : 2rtos z = exp (1.8076) = G.I ~2.89 A composite cube with 40-mm sides and the properties shown is made with PROBLEM 2.89 slass polymer fibers aligned in the x direction. The cube is constrained against ‘deformations in they and z directions and is subjected to a tensile oad of 6S KN inthe + direction. Determine (a) the change in the length ofthe cube inthe x dicection, (b) the stresses a, 2, and ¢, SOLUTION Stvess- fo - strain equations ore The constraint conditions ave £20 and & 20 Dsing (2) end (2) with the constraint conc tans gives boo Ber Be: o “BGtEG: 6 @ 0.077216 6% ia Sy ~ MBBS, = SEG, oF G,- o.naed, a + dy = OBIS on -0.486G, + G = 0.077016 & Selving simobtaneous ty Sy = 6, > 0.134993 6 Using CH nt CV in &e= EG - BG - BE Bek L 1 (.2su Yo.134993) - (0. 254 Ko. 134993) | 6 0.93142 Gx Ae (40 C40) = 1600 mm* = 1600 x10 W < 6, = gE: Boa = Ho.casxio® Pa continuedProblem 28% conhnved 2, = L2-981H2 VGo.626 10") = 756.19 «10° 50 x04 @) See LeEe = (YO nn YX 756.7815) = 0.0303 mm = ) 6, = 40.625%10°Pa = 40.6 MPa =< Sy = Fr = ©.134993 40.625" 10%) = 5.48 10° Pa = S48 MPa ~ PROBLEM 2.90 *2.90 The composite cube of Prob. 2.89 is constrained against deformation in the = direction and elongated in the x direction by 0.035 mm due to a tensile loadin the x direstion.. Determine (a) the stresses, ,, and 2, (6) the change in the dimension in the y direction. I52GPe vy = 0254 r= 162CR. v= 0408 soLuTion ae) zB, Constraiwt condition gro Load consti tion Gyro From equetin (3) 0 + - BE 6, + E& 6. waEs Sy = (C2SNUS2) = 0.077216 Ce continuedProblem 2.92 cotinved From equation (1) with 6y =O & EG - 2G EG BE = lg,- o2s6,] = Eli- Cry o.077216)] 6 = 9.93034 & EY - = Bebe Sw 0.98037 Bot ee Be = EEE = ays vio (ay) G, = (Sox104 Wars xiot) 2 yy. gag jo? Pa = 44.6 MPa 0.98034 6 =o 6, = (2.077216 avcasnto*) = 3.446 10" Pa, = 3.45 MPa, ian Lt i From (@) By = - Bt 6 +BY a = —O:aS4)(H4 62510) yo (0-928) (3.446108) SO KIOr IS.2¥*{O4 = — 323.73 x10* Sy = by S = Wome 323.78 10°) = ~ 0.0125 mm a*291 Show dat for any given material the rto GE ofthe modaus of igiity over PROBLEM 291 the modulus of els isalway less than $ butmore than} (Hin Refer to Ea SOLUTION (2.43) and to Sec, 2.13.] E Gatun on Es cv Assume 720 For admest off mateviats ond V 14.04 ksi —_ (oe) A hole Bo = H(LS)2 O.IS, de 3-1S= Sin Ant = dt = (5X4) = 0.98 in Gee ie BS = 8.667 Kei Os ma He Gr BE 2 os Fen Fig 264a Kt 2/0 Smae % K Gn % (21OL8-667) = 18-2 ksi < 294 Knowing that oy = 16 ki, determine the maximum allowable value of the eee cent axal load Sr een ee anaenceatau SOLUTION At hole A vekk> im d= 3-4 = 250 in Bret = dt = QSOMR) = 25 in* re aaa , =a. Stas 0.10 Fron Fig 2.67 4, K =2.70 Soe? Ke 2 Pe Pogt Gem Gas ye) = 74) kips At hole B re 4(L5) = 0.75 in, d= 3-15 = |.5in Ant = dt = (5 U4) = 0.78 in’, Ge OF 20s From Fig 2640 K= 210 px Antu . oe “= SLT kips ra re Smaller vadue for P contvods P= S71 kips -_(ee cose eceeed eee 1 298 Kaoving ark pe sowa te lovable eo 125 MPa ae PROBLEM 298 themavinum llvabe elosolPvaes@)r= Damm Ore iene SOLUTION A = (GOXMIS) = 900 mm = 400%10°° m* BD. om _. 255 a ~ “Goes (0) WE 12 mem ie = 0.2 Fron Fry, 2.64 b K = 192 Say 2 KE Pe AGmas « (900 wo \iasr1ot) ot L110). 68.6 vi08~ = 58.2 KN ~« (oe) v= 18mm, $F ZEB = 0.30, From Fig 2.04b Ke LIS AG * rae wi Pe Ober - Goon ut = C13"ION = Ch3KN me 2.96 Knowing that P= 38 KN, determine the maximum stress when (a) r= 10 mm, PROBLEM 2.5 ing 2 ee (0) r= 16 mm, (c}r = 18 mm. SOLUTION A = (GOXIS) = 400 mm = FOO x10% wa* 3 = Ween ~ 2.00 (a) Pe 10m B= Bem = 0.1007 From Fig 204 Ke 206 Cow > SE Crane = 2962810") Foowiee 7 BROMO Pa = 87.0 MPa me OY te IGmm B= BEE = 0.2667 From Fig 2.64b K> 1.78 62 Le saxt meet Joo x 10% © ts i8em Hs BE = 0.30 From Fig 2046 K = LIS Sig, 2 LEIS BBHION © 73 gy JO Pa = 73.9 MPa Foo tome = 15.2%" Pa = Q2MPa met2.97 Koowing tat te ble has a diameter f9-in, determine (athe radia of bo fies for which the sume maximum aes oceurs atthe le A and he ils, (9) the comesponding maximum allowable loa Pifthe allowable sess 15s PROBLEM 2.97 SOLUTION For the cinevtar bode es UG) 0.187 iy d= 4-92 30s BF = 00817 act = dt = (625K 8)2 B59 int Ir Fron Fig 2G4a Kite = 282 Cone = Bat (ey ps AgtGee - (eB6H KIS) 7,23 Kips = fay = ae D4 2 dt= (AS¥9)= 0.93875 in ee = KoetP 2 Kat = Aan Sue » Lo. ss75 X18) eave mae = pak P ho.nnrs From Fig 2046 Booms eae Semen O.43 in << 2.98 For P = 855 kips, determine the minimum plate thickness ¢ required if the bcteerreririie allowable stress is 18 ksi. SOLUTION At the hole: tye din he B2-1.0 = 1-2 in & . &~ 0.47 From Fig 264 a Ke 2.22 Ke i _ KP Sumer KE > SE tote = GBVED 9.87 in C2 8Y At He et D= 22m, dg> Loin Be $2 2 318 fer H+ 0.878 in En = OSS = 0.2304 = = KE . KE From Fig 2.64 b K = 1.70 Sun? Kot aE OCB. = O50 in 7 The Jammer vadve is the requived winimum plate thickness trO8a7 in2.99 (a) Knowing tht the allowable stress is 140 MPa, determine the maximum ae “allowable magnitude of tho centric load P, (6) Determine the pereent change in the sonm tnaximum allowable magnitude of Pif the raised portions are removed athe ends of 5 ae the specimen. 76mm SOLUTION r D, ism. Ly Sem rum itt tee macr tare ottditieo met norte Fron Fig 2.64b 9 Ke 210 Awa = bods (SMSO) 750mm = 750 10% mn @ Cet xe ao Pa AninGron . (750%15*)(140 110k) Sorio"N eae = SO KN -_ (o) Withovt paised section Ks l.00 Pt Anse Sane” (750*15* VIO x10) = 10S*10* = 105 kN ~ (10S - So . To change = (2E5S°) x loo = 1/07 =< 2.100 A ccntric axial force is applied to the stel bar shown. Knowing that ais PROBLEM 2.100 15 MPa, determine the maximum allowable load P 15mm Cr SOLUTION 7 At the hole? = Imm = d= FO-1B= 72mm 520.25 From Fig ncta K= 2.65 Be = tol = USMY! 1,08 K10 mm = 08X17 me - Ke Swwe * “Bg pe At Sere 7 Geos meriiesee?) = 5S elon N= SS UW At the Filet Ds 120 wm, A= gum, DB. . 1.433 Vs [0mm > AZ = Olt! FromFig 264b KF 2.02 Ran 2 Ed = US\40) = 1.85%1O we = 185K 10 mm Some? KE P= An Come _ 1.38 x10* (135 x10°) = qovidN = Io kW SmoMer valve For P controds P= SS kN ~~ r 12.101 The 30-mm square bar 4B/has a length L= 2.2m; itis made of mil stel that ae {is assumed tobe elastoplastic with £ = 200 GPa and a applied to the ber until end 4 bas moved down by an amount 4, Determine the 5 ‘maximum value ofthe force P and the permanent set ofthe bar after the force has SOLUTION been removed, knowing that (a) 4, 4.5 mm, (8) d,= 8 mm, L L A = (S0X(80) = Q00 wm = WO KIO" [ Sy be + be eeais ion) F B.79S #10 = 3.195 mm if IF Sm > Sy Pa = AG, + (900 x10 Xa4suio") = 810.5 %10"N P Untodding 8! = Feb - St 8 Sy 2 3.745 nm. Ss *$,-S' GY Sn t 4S mn > Sy Pas 8/0.S5¥/07N = 810.5 kN _ Spon = 45mm = B.79S me + O.70S mm = (b) 3. Bam > Sy Pat Blo.S xX N = BIOS kw ~ Sp. F 8.0mm ~ 3.795 wm = ROS mm -_= PROBLEM 2.102 (2.102 The 30-mm square bar AB has a length L = 2.5 m; it is made of mild steel that {a assumed to be elatoplattic with £ = 200 GPa and a, = 345 MPa. A force P is ‘applied tothe bar and then removed to give it a permanent set 4, Determine the i ‘maximum value ofthe foreeP and the maximum amount 4, by which the bar should be atretched ithe dented value of is (a) 3.5mm, (6) 6.8mm. SOLUTION L A = Go)(a0) = 700 mm = Jo0x10"* m* [ Bre Ney Se BABE SA sacs susie om ; When Su exceeds Sy, thus producing a permanent stretch of Sp, tha maximum Force “vs 5 Pa = AGy = (G00 x10" ig4swio') © $10.S¥IEN = 810.5 LN Spr Su-S' = S,- Sy = Suz Spe Sy f@) Spe 3.5 mm Sm? SS mm 4 4.3125mn + 78l mm = (b) Sp = 6.5 mm Sut E.Sumd 4SIRS mm = 10.81 min iPROBLEM 2.103 a |-}-in. ameter 8 2.403 Rod AB is made ofa mild stel that is assumed tobe clastoplastic with B= 29, % 10" ksi and ay = 36 ki. After the rod has been attched t a rigid lever CD, iis found tht end Cis $-in to high. A vertical force Q is then applied ot C ull his point has moved to position C’. Determine the required magnitude of Q and the deflection 4, if the lever is to snap back toa horizontal position ater Q is removed, SOLUTION Since the ‘rod AB is to be stretched permanent, the perk a inthe red is P= Py, where Py > = BG) (ec) = 3.476 eps ese ac Free badly diagram of fever CD IM,= 0 33Q-2P=0 Qs: Bp- Bese. 25 wp Doving undoading , the springheck at B is 2 Sax baty = Laghe = (GOMEEHP) = 9, 9746 in From the defowmation chiag ran Shoe 0= $82 Zee B= Bs.- ONT 2108 Rod AB is made of a mild steel that is assumed to be elastoplasic with = 29, > OF kl and oy = 36 ks, ARer the rod has been atached toa rigid lever CD, itis ‘found thet end Cis }-in. too high. A vertical force Q is then applied at C until this point has moved to position C'. Determine the required magnitude of Q and the detection 6; ifthe levers to sxap back to a horzonal postion ater Qis removed. 2.104 Solve Prob. 2.103, assuming thatthe yield point ofthe mild steel used is 50 ksi. SOLUTION Since the vod AG is to be stretched permanently, the peak Force in the vod is P= Py, here R= AG = Hg Go) = 5.522 Kips, Referring te the Free body oliagrun oP fever on ZMyso 88Q-22P =O a= Bp - BME. acekys Doring unfoading, a ca at Bis Se = Las fy = tS, Leoylsoxid) = 0.1084 in From the deformation diagram ‘Slope O = Be = = 8.5 Ber O1ss2in2.105 Rods AB and BC axe made of a mild steel that is assumed to be elastoplastic ‘with £= 200 GPa and ay = 345 MPa, The rods are stretched until end has moved by, See= Gy = Susxio* Pa Forces? Pao = Por = A Sip = (28.274«10°°)(250x10*) = T0685 “10 N Pea = AGee = (48.274 x1o* (845% 10%) = 7.754S5"10% N For equidibrion of bar ABC Fat Pact Phe -P ao @) P= Pao + Peet Ree = (7.06854 4754S + 7.0685 )x 10° W = 23.9 wlo® N = 23.9 WN =e (0) Gy = 250xl0* Pa = ASO MPa ~« After untoading Pzo Coble BE isnot tat Pee =O By symmetry Pao = Ree For equidibrium Pr= Be = O ©) Final displacemed § is controdled by tHe Fina? tengths oF cobdes AD and CE. Since thew cables were never permanently deformed, the Final displacement is S= Swe = Sp tO =2.407 Bach ofthe three 6-ram-diameterstee| cables is made ofan elastoplastic. ‘material for which oy = 345 MPa and £200 GPa. A force P is applied tothe rigid bar ABC until the bar has moved downward a distance 5= 2 mm. Knowing tha the ‘cables were initially taut, determine (a) the maximum value of P, (6) the maximum ‘ress that occurs in cable AD, (c) the final displacement ofthe bar aftr the load is eoved (Hint n part ,cble BE is tt) PROBLEM 2.108 2.108 Solve Prob. 2.107, assuming thatthe cables are replaced by rods ofthe same ‘cross-sectional area and material, Further assume thatthe rods are braced so that they can carry compressive forces. SOLUTION For each rod A = #(0.006)* = 28.274 xI0* m* Strain af initial yielding 8¢= = HSA" « 1.725 x10 ‘ZOOXO* Strain in rods AD and CF: Sy = fx = BF oo 5 Las xo" Strain in rod BE? eS «BR + uso no” 250 «10° Pa Since Ex < &r, San > Ess = (200 «10° M1. 25% 10" Since fgg > Er, See > Oy = 345% 10° Po Forces: Pro = Pee 7 AGso = (28.24110*)(250%I0") = 7.0685 «10° N Poe = AGar = (28. 27410 (34S Klo) = 1.7545% 10" N For equidibriom of bar ABC Pat Pee + PRe- P= O (0) P= Prot Pact Rr = (7008S + 9.7545 + 72068S)xI0"N = 23.9 kN mm (0) Gy = 250 %10° Pa = 250 MPa _ Let S'= change im displacement dering undonding Pro * a se + (aoa sto" Mza.274r10"*) = 3.§34x10° §' = B Re = a g's (20010 (8.77410 Js! = 20ese x io’ $* $00 xio™= For equidibrivm P's Po + Par + Pp © 14.137 x10% 8° Bt P-Pl=o Pls P= 23.8910" M + 23.89%)" _ 72 S' 2 Bapeiee = [60x10 om Permanent displacement oP baw Seinap = Sea S'# 2x10" - 1.640%16* > 0.310 x16" m = 0.810 mm =2.109 Rod AB consists of two cylindrical portions AC and BC, each with a cross- sectional area of 1750mm*, Postion AC is made of a mild steel with Z= 200 GPa and ‘= 250 MPa, and portion feof a high-strength stel with E = 200 GPa and G = 345 MPa, A load P is applied at Cas shown, Assuming both steels to be clastoplasic, determine (a the maximum deflection of Cif P is gradually increased from zero to 975 KN and then reduced back to 2er0, (6) the maximum stess ia each portion ofthe rod, () the permanent deflection of C. PROBLEM 2.109 SOLUTION Displacement ob C to case yielding of AC a = be Gas _ 0.190 \asomot) ss Sere bic ise = Kit = SEMA ONO = 0.237515" m Corresponding Fowce Fie = A Gye = (rgox0* YQ@sO x10") = 4s7.s v0 fe E+ EAS a = BODMIO* 175010 )(0.237S*IS*) _ 437.5410" N ay 0.190 ee recall gly e r Fin-CarB)©O Re R-Fge 875 x10" N fat P Since applied Soad P= 92S KION > 825xIoN, portion ad" yiehelee Fog = Fie - P = 437,5x10°- 97S #10°N~= ~ $37.8 IF = = Falco, (637.5xJ0" (0.190) _ 4 a) & eee Tio vio™) * O.29179 410” m = OL292 mm = (o) Mayimum stresses Gig ® Syae = 280 MPa Ge = = 10% - i ae. Sec = a GREY . - S07. x10" Pas S07 KPa ©) DeFection and Forces for mfoading . él ‘ . pt fee si = Faetse ~ Hiplee + Ree Rept = P= 97Sxl0% = Pl Pu = 2Pi Pre = 487.5010" N sg’: 487.5 x1o® NO.190) 0.26464 x/P mm (200 x1o* CTS x10" Spt Sa ~ 8! = 0.291770 - O.26NGmIS* = 0.02715 x10 "my = O.O2T mm mh2.109 Rod AB consists of two cylindrical portions AC and BC, each with a cross- ‘sectional area of 1750 mm*. Portion AC is made of a mild stoc! wi and = 250 MPa, and portion 6¢ is made ofa high-strength steel wi 10 GPa and & = 345 MPa, A load P is applied at Cas shown, Assuming both steels 10 be clastoplasti, determine (a) the maximum deflection of Cif Pis graduelly increased from zero 10 975 kN and then reduced back to zero, (6) the maximum stress in each 180 mon Portion ofthe rod, (c) the permanent deflection of C. 2.110 For the composite rod of Prob. 2.109, if P is gradually increased from zero tntil the deflection of point C reaches a maximum value of 3, = 0.2% and then decreased back to zer0, determine, (a) the maximum value of P, (b) the maximum stress in each portion ofthe rod, (c) the permanent defletion of C after the load is removed, PROBLEM 2.110 180 mm SOLUTION Displacement af C is Sm= O.30mm. The coveespovching Strains are = = O.80mm , ot = = 7 aS 1.8789 x10 Bm. _ 0.20 mm _ _ -3 EE = - 282 Re = - 1.8789 x10 Strains ot intial yiefeling & i = Eyac = Si = BONE gras mi — Cyie Bing) --& lot. ace : Eyes 7 SBE =~ SHSMION -) 1264/05 Cebastic ) (ad Forces? R= AGy = (i750 «10"* Kasonio*) = ya7.cx)0% Mv Fn = EAEg = (200x10°)(1750 x10 )(-1.5789410" > -552.6 xo U For equidibvion oF eDement at C Fie- Feg- P= 0 Pe Fe ~ Fen = 432.5 110% 552.6% /0? = 990.1 X10°N= 990 KN =e Wb) Stresses? AC Gye = Ouse = 250 MPa ~< ce Gye & FEU = -s1enjo! Pas +816 HP (C) Deflection and Forces for unfoneling ‘ y Lh sit Bele + Feaghes fs : Pls Pe GE = Pee P's Pep Pa = APL t 990.1 IN = P= uasoswo® N 1, UISosxio) (0.190) 7 eatnttG eg puri: (700 x(07)(I75O xO) — OMIM xO a Be = Smo 5! = 0.30 mm - 0.26374 mm = 0.08) mu = TI2.111 Two tempered:-steel bars, each 7g-in. thick, are bonded to a 4 -in, mild-steel bar. This composite bar is subjected as shown to a centric axial load of magnitude P. Both steels are clastoplastic with £ =29 x 10° psi and with yield strengths equal to 100 ‘ksi and 50 ksi, respectively, for the tempered and mild steel. The load P is gradually. increased from zero until the deformation of the bar reaches a maximum value 4, = (0.04 in, and then decreased back to zero. Determine (a) the maximum value of P, (8) ‘the maximum stress in the tempered-stee! bars, (c) the permanent set after the load is isin, removed. PROBLEM 2.111 Mm SOLUTION For the midd steed A, = GX2) = 1.00 um" ‘Sue Le = USoxi0®) _ 0.024138 in. 29 x10 For the tempered steed A, > 2()(2) + O.7S int Sue LSre = W101) - 9.048276 in 24 #103 Total avea: A= AHA, = 17S in® Sa< Se < Sa The mild steel yields. Tempered steel is elastic] (a) Forces =F = A, Sy = (l.00)(Somio*) = So x10? Mb Py : EArSe = (rxt08)(0.750.08) _ Ga.iy vio Db, 4 u P= Pe Rs "2x0? Hh = 2.) kips =< (0) Stresses 6 = Be Gy = Serio pai > 50 bei Se = GNM = saseriorys = 2286 bi we E ~ PL | Ciawno*)04) _ UnDoadiing Etre > (eee = 0.08074 én (©) Permanent set Spt = 0.04 - 0.038094 = 0,00706 in, —2.111 Two tompered-steel bars, each 7. are bonded fo a 4 ~in. mild-steel bar. This composite bar is subjected as shown to centric axial load of maguitude P, Both steels are clatoplastic with £ = 29 10° psi and with yield strengths equal to 160 Asi and 50 ks, respectively, fo the tempered and mild ste, PROBLEM 2.112 2.112 For the composite bar of Prob, 2.111, if Pis gradually increased from zero to ‘98 kips and then decreased back to zero, determine (a) the maximum deformation of be ‘the bar, (6) the maximum stress in the tempered:steel bars, (c) the permanent set after the load is removed. Aveas? Mild stee® = A, = GVRY= 1.00 in® Tempered stee? Asz 2(& M2) = 0.05 int Toteh APA HAL = 175 it Total force to yiedd the midd steel Pe Suz gt Pee AGy » (LIS )Soxtc*)= 87,50 x10 B, P> Pr, Horefure mild steel yields. het P.= force carnted by mild steel Pit Force carried by tempered steer P= AG = (l.00)(S0x10%) = Soxto® Db. Pez Pl, Re PR 8x08 sonic = 4axi0* A, BL _ Wgrict) Cw) _ o Tk, Marlo ON = 0 in. =< ( Sn" Ea *Caviori(on7s) = 20808 (b) 6, = & 2 Saxe? = 64x psi = 6H ksi = . ©. PL, @sxot G4) _ E Unlecding & ER * Gavioe (7s) = 0.02703 in ©) Sp FS - §' = 0.03070 ~ 0.02708 = 0.00387 in =2.113 Bar AB has a cross-sectional area of 1200 min? and is made of a stool that is eeeenaale: assumed to be clastoplastic with £ = 200 GPa and a, = 250 MPa. Knowing that the force F increases from 0 to 520 kN and then decreases to zero, determine (a) the 4c 55 permanent deflection of point C, (6) the residual stein the Ba EE SOLUTION stam — AF 1200 mm = 1200%10* m™ Farce te yield portion AC? Pye = AGy = (la00%10* Vaso xiot) Pe Re = 300 x103N ei ee eee For equilibrive Ft Pog > Pa 2 © Ry = Par Fs 300x10- 520K" = ~ 20 x/l0* N Reg bes _ (220 x}0*)(0.440 -0, 120) 0. 53 FE reer eee 29 3333 «Le e EA (200 #10 "0200 x10°F) ‘ : Cg = St = R20HI% 2-195. 388 vi08 Pe A 1300 x1o* Unfoading gi = Puls - _ Rakes « (F- Paldles EA EA EA 1 (hog. hae FL bse = fe Cem + Be EA t 2 Eles . (520x103 )(O.440 -0.120) _ 10° Fre = Loeb One fete Pee = Prd- F = 378.1aa~t0'-S2oxlo® = ~141. 818 x10" N ‘ 2 |. IBZ {0 One = Eee eSB BRIS = 31.182 xJ08 Pa Gt = Bie 2 Wel Brawl” = ig sez xio* Pa 1202 x(o~* ' 378.182C0-120)_ 13909) xj? m Se oo xO" 200 xio#) ~ = os -3 os Y Sep © Se - Sel = 0.293383 KIT = 0,1F IM HIT” = 0.1042 x10° m e ‘ 7 6 TOLNO4Z mm mt (bY Green = Sy - GL= 250 xlo* = 31S.1S2 *1O* = -G5.2 «lO Pa : 2 res a Mee om 6. = = Goel = -183,333610%+ 118, 192x108 = E572 xlOS Pe oa ee -6S.2 Pa — Parkes _ (220 %109(0.440- 0.180) _ s ER © (200xt0*)Ci200x1o*)~ 0. 288233 10"* my . he =~ FAOM2e =~ 133,883 x18 Fa Un foad ing te Plllec _ Paatles , (F-Prcdles , "(bse , hee) 2 Fle ais Fag = inks. Eo Pelte ne (pee be) ER lo? . -o. Pals Ebee . (Snowe? owe ote) 7 grant? W Peg = PIF = 307.273x10"- S20 % Joe = -212.727* 1° N gf + {307.273x10* \(0.180) e a 5s Goon \Cizoo xfor*] ~ O-28045S x15 * m Gis Pee 307.273 x/0 * ie Ae 1R00 xj 212.727. 10% 1B = 256.061 410° Pa Se? fe = = 197.273 x18 P CO) Bp = Ser Se = 0.298333 x105* 0.230456x15" = 0.00788 x10 mn = 0.00788 mm =a (OY Gagne = Ge- G.l = 250 x10*= 256,06/Jo* > - 6.06 x)0* Pa 5-606 MPa met Gears = Seg- Sig = ~194 388 10% + 177.273 x1OS = = 6.06 «10% Pa = 6.06 MPa =ePee eee ee c [eel = : 2.111 Two tempered-steel bas, each %-in, thick, are bonded toa in, mild-stel PROBLEM 2.115 bar. This composite bar is subjected as shown to a centtic axial load of magnitude P. Both steels are elastoplastic with £ = 29 x 10° psi and with yield strengths equal to 100 sand 50s, respectively, forthe tompeted and mild tel gh “2115 fre cone of Pi 21, een ie sein be AN te mph edly edema Seip a Sen i SOLUTION Areas? Midd stee? = A,= (k)Ca) = 1.00 Tempered steed Ay = (HX) = 0.75 in* Totaht A= AeA, = 175 in® Tote) force te yield the mit steed 6y = & Ppt AGy = (u7sX Sone) = 87.5010" Db, P> Ps therefore mild steel yiedels het Pos Bree carved by mibl steed Fit force carried by tempered stee? P= A, * 00050 w103) = Soma? Mb. ReReP, Be PP damit Sono® = 43xio* Mh. ene P, Yexio® oo. Bm. = G4x10% psi 27 P ante 64x10" ps : 2 BL gBrlo* © * UnDoading Gis oe Fa Se vIO" pas ResiduaD stresses mild steed Gyng % S.-C SOx SE 410% = -G x10 par = -6 ke tempered cheel Gy, = 64-64 HIO*- Serlo* = But psi = 8 ksi =2111 Two tmperd-stel ber, exch Zin. thick, ae bonded toa $ in, i-stes bat, This compote bare subjected a shown (ow cene axial lad of magnitideP Both steels are elastoplastic with = 29 x 10" psi and with yield strengths equal to 100 esi and 50 ki, rey PROBLEM 2.116 ly, forthe tempered and mild steel 42.116 For the composite bar in Prob. 2.111, determine the residual stresses in the tempered-steel bars ifPis gradually increased from zero until the deformation ofthe Bn bar reaches 2 maximum value 4, = 0.08 in. and is then decreased back to zero. SOLUTION For the mrfd stee? A, = (4X2) = 1-00 in® Sy 2 ES = (450x107) _ ESE See eee ane Ue eee For the tempered steed A, = 23a) = 0.95 in® Sya = Sn = LNU20*10) 9 948276 in 24 108 Tota? area: A= Av+ Ay = LIS in® Sn < Sn< Sr The mide steeP yields. Tempered steel is elastic. Forces Pi = A\Gy = (L00XSoxlo*) = SOn/o” tb P= EAS. = (AXIS WO.75)(.04) _ 62.44 w 10? Lh, 14 0.024138 in Stresses 6, = Boz Gy = Soni psi 6 = - = GAlt HO" ~ 32.3610" psi ois Unfoading ols £ - we = 64.08 riot pas Residual stresses Gyre = 6 - 6 = Sono 6408/0" = ~ 14.0840 psi ~ 14.08 Kish Sires = Oy O's 82.26 «IF — CH.0BxO” = 18.78 ¥10* pre 12.78 ksi =e wa ao I Cc ma] 2.117 A uniform steel rod of cross-sectional avea is attached to rigid supports and PROBLEM 2.117 is unstressed ata temperature of 8°C. The ste! is assumed to be elastoplastic with a, = 250 MPa and G=200 GPa, Knowing that a= 11,7 x 10°/°C, determine the stress A 2 inthe bar (a) when the temperature is raised to 165°C, (6) after the temperature has retumed to 8°C. L. ‘ SOLUTION Determine temperature change to cause yielding S = -RE +talat)~ -SF + LadTy= 0 fier 250 x10% 2 . (andy = Ea (A00 «10 CN x10" a Bot AT = 165-8 = 157°C @) Yielding occurs = G =-6; = - 250 MPa al Cooking car)’ ic eaien : S's Sp +S,7 — pg + bar! = o os ©. ~ Ealar)’ A = = (200 #107 11.710) C157) = = 367,38 xj0* Pa (b) Brea ® - 6 = 6! = - as0Kl0* + 367.32 «10% = 117.38 «10% Pa = 17.4 MPa =2.118 A narrow bar of aluminum is bonded tothe side ofa thick steel plate as PROBLEM 2.118 ‘shown. Initially, at 7; =20°C, all stresses are zero. Knowing tha the temperature will be slowly raised to 7, and then reduced to 7, determine (a) the highest temperature 7; that does not result in residual stresses, (B) the temaperature 7; that will result in a residual stress in the aluminum equal to 100 MPa. Assume a= 23.6 10°C forthe aluminum and a, = 11.7 » 10°/°C forthe steel. Further assume thet the aluminum is elastoplastic, with £ = 70 GPa and a= 100 MPa, (Hint: Neglect the small stresses inthe plate.) SOLUTION Determine tempendture change te cause yielding SF Be + LO(AT), = Las(AT), Ee © = -E@s-&)ATy = -S 6 100 i vy Or = 120. OT = Femay * Goro Waste) ~ '22-08°C (ad Tay = T,+AT)y= 20 + 120.68 = 140.087 C - After yielding Ss Se + Lo(aT) = La (AT) Gooding sis Peg La (AT) = Lo(ATY AE = The residual stress is Gate G ye 7 = Gy - Ely-ds) (AT) Set Gig = - 6 -G = & - Elda- 4 WAT) Ar 28y @Micox10e) * Ela Ge) Crow" Gane ter joy = 240-1" C b) Tr = T+ AT = 204 2ho.p = 260,0°° _ TF Te > 260.47) the afuminum bar with most Akedy yiedd in compression.fom) ee ee He 4 2.119 The steel rod ABC is aliached to rigid supports and is unstressed at a PROBLEM 2.119 temperature of 38°F, The steel is assumed clastoplastic, with a, = 36 ksi and £=29 10° pei, The temperate of bth portions ofthe sod i hn raised t 250 P, A=070in? A= Lont Knowing that a= 6.5 x 10°F, determine (a) the stress in portion AC, (b) the Aenoston of pain C SOLUTION i vm] Sen ® Sane + Same = 0 Constraint) Determine OT te cavse yielding in AG. Be Bigs eam =e E Aes (aT) = (e+ be) At yiedd ing P= Any eee La) _ (0.70% 36x10") 7 44 (aT, = CRESS (He. + 5S) “Greeters (ake * Ht oe Ea = 192.785 °F ab Aetad AT = 250 - 88 = 212°F > (AT), % yf occurs. Gre = - Sy = ~36 ksi ~ P= 6 Ag = (386x109 0.70) = 25.2 10° Lh > Seq 7 Bit ~ Lee atar) e Eze ~ (V4 )(6.5x10°* (aia) = O.0IZITS - 0.019292 = O.00T7IIG in $o2 0.001!2ine etPROI Aw 0708 2119 The steel rod ABC is attached to rigid supports a )BLEM 2.120 temperature of 38°F, The steel is assumed elastoplastc, with a = 36 ksi and E=29 X10" psi, The temperature of both portions of the rod is then raised to 250 °F. Knowing that a= 6.5 = 10°F, determine (a) the stress in portion AC, (6) the unstressed at a deflection of point C. ¥2.120 Solve Prob. 2.119, assuming that the emperature of the rod is raised to 250 °F and then returned to 38 °F. Is not — itn —a} SOLUTION . Sam = Sane * Sear =O Ceonstva int) > Determine AT te cavse yiedeling in AC. ~ Pile - Pleo ia = ae BAe + lis (AT) = 0 ee bye 4 Les ar = eg (Ht + 42) = eames Ge ti is) = 6.06295" P At yielding Pes 6 Ae = (36x)0° \(or)= 25.210" Hk UAT )y = (6.0629 x10? WAS. 2410) = 152.785 °F Reta? AT = 250-38 = 21°F >(AT), = yiedding ocewws, Cre 7 - Sy = - 36 ¥10* psi Se= ~ Sere = Et - Leeollér) ~ U9 NGo.5 ter NAI2) cs = OL O1ZI7E - 0.019292 = - O.OOTIIG in ; ° aT = _ aR Coo hing ie one Ps Socawe™ 7 Coeaa I> “ \T EE errai P= Soemmos = CoemvIes 7 34.967x10° (0) Residual stress in AC Gress =~ Sy +E = 36nd + Bateyio? = 18.98 w10* psi = 13,95 ksi -— sf e- Su 7- Ek + Lealdr eee te acre, = =~ Bese MM, Gy y(esus* Yaw) = = 0.016881 + 0.019292 = 0.002411 in Sep = Se +S = ~ 0.00716 + 0.00241) = ~ 0.00471 in 0.0047} in et2.121 The rigid bar ABC is supported by two links, AD and BE, of uniform 37.5*6- PROBLEM 2.121 om rectangular cross section and made of a mild steel that is assumed to be clastoplastic with £ = 200 GPa and a, = 250 MPa. The magnitude of the force Q applied at B is gradually increased from zero to 260 KN, Knowing that a= 0.640 m, ‘determine (a) the value of the normal stress in each link, (6) the maximum deflection we 7 ota tn ey soLUTIon 20m. Elastic Analysis: A = (B25)(6) = 225 mm™ = 22E%IO m™ : Statics! EM20 0.640(Q-Pel 2.64 Po =O i. Deformation? S45 2.640, 99> Q0= 0.640 @ ae Cy a = Beoxid*)2a5 x10 Is x1 Pro = RA 5, = Been Narswtos 226.47 wio® 5, Q = (26.47~j0% (2.64 6) = 69.88x/0* 6 Re P She = ee = 310.6 x10" 8 5LE= Par = GAs,- (apenor (acne), - 45x10" S = (48108 )(0,640 8) = 28.80 x10 @ Gee = fe = 123%/076 From Statics Q= Pas + AGE Pro = Pret 4.125 Pp [a8.g0 «ot + (4.125)(69.88%0)] = 317.06 10% @ Q at yielding of Dink AD Sip = Sy? 250mI0" = B10,6 4/07 Q, = 804.89 10% Qy = (317.06 x10% )(204.89*10"*) = 255.2 x103 N Sine @z 260x107 > Q,, Dink AD yields. Gro = 250 MPa =e Pat AGy = (225x108 asoxto®) = 56. 25%10"N Feom Stuties Pees Q= 4125 Pho = 260 0/0 -(H.1a5 650.2510") 3 _ Pe _ 27a7xio® _ Pac = 27.97 *10°N Gee KG 124.2 lo Pq 124.3 MPa =e Pechee (22.9716 V(i-0) 6 ——: grec fe 1.53 x10 mM ER" (Zoovot\oasmioey ~ SERIE am‘2.121 The rigid bar ABC is supported by two links, AD and BE, of uniform 37.5x6- 'D Se nanae ‘mim rectangular cross section and made of a mild steel that is assumed to be clastoplastic with £ = 200 GPa and a = 250 MPa, ‘The magnitude of the fore applied at Bis gradually increased from zero 260 KN. Knowing that a 0.640 ‘determine (a) the value of the normal stress in each link, (6) the maximum | deflection of point & 2.122 Solve Prob. 2.121, knowing that a ~ 1.76 m and thatthe magnitude of the {force Q applied at Bis gradually increased from zero to 135 KN. 4 al SOLUTION 264m——4| Stahes! ZMe=0 1.76(Qm Pyl-2.c4P, =o Deformebion? $= 2640, Sg= 1.78 6 Ya Efastic Analysis A = (87.8 )(6) = 225 mm = 225«)07° mn® Fe2 iA a (aoonorGaas 10) 4 = 2647x108 S, = (26.47 «10° )(2.648) = 67.88 x10¢ © Gig = te = 3/0.6 x07 6 Rae = GA's, = LaoortoMlaswo") 5. usc s. = (4SH0" N16 8) = 79.2%10% 6 Ca ie = 352x107@ From Statics Qs Past FB = Pop + 1.500,Pro = [73.8 «ot + (S00 Yoras riot) 6 = 178.c2vj0% 8 Oy at yielding oF Dink BE Gee * Sy = 250 *l0* = 352x)0" 6, Oy = 710.29 x/0°F Qe = (178.62«10% YC710.23 10°) = 126.86 ¥/09 N Sime Q* [8Sx10°N > Qy, Bink BE yields Ggy>,6,=250 MPa = Bes = AG, = (z2Sx10)(250 1104) = 56.25 10% N From Statics Pro * ee (Q- Ped = 525x108 N p SRE xt © ees Sao ® - © Weeiot 233.3 «lo 233 MPa -_ From elastic amely sis oP AD 0 + spree = S199 «1078 rad Ser 1.76 6 = 1, 322 ¥loS m 1.B2Z mm ~ co co = oofee =) C a (ode a) oo 2.121 The rigid bar ABCiis supported by «wo links, AD and BE, of uniform 37.5*6- ‘mm rectangular cross section and made of a mild steel that is assumed to be clastoplastc with £ = 200 GPa and oy = 250 MPa. The magnitude of the force Q applied at 2 is gradually increased from zero to 260 kN. Knowing that a= 0.640 m, determine (a) the value ofthe normal stress in each link, (8) the enémram deflection of point B. Find PROBLEM 2.123 2.123 Solve Prob. 2.121, assuming thatthe magnitude ofthe force Q applied at Bis ‘gradually increased from zero to 260 KN and then decreased back to zero. Knowing. that a = 0.640 m, determine (a) the residual stress in each link, (6) the final deflection ‘of point B the residual stress in each link. Assume thatthe links are braced so that they can carry compressive forces without buckling. an SOLUTION See sofution te PROBLEM 2.121 for the normal stresses in each Pmt and the deflection of pomt B after Poading Sap = 250 *10% Pa Gee = 124.3 xlo* Pa Sa = 621.53 x10 % m The elastre anadysis given in the solution te PROBLEM 2121 appies to the onbowding Q= 3/7,06xjo* 6" 28 = aco vIo® 8 ee 8 “317.06 10% *“Bin.oe ios 7 820.08 ¥/0 Gra * $10.6 x10" B = (310.6 %107)(820.03 «10 ) = 254,7OxIO* Pa See = 128 x10" @ = (123%10")(320,0810%) = 104.96%10" Pa Sei = 0.640 O' = $24.82 x)0%m @) Residucd stresses = 4.70 x08 Pa. Groen = S10 ~ Sao 7 250 HI = 254.70 ¥10* : -4.70 MP we oo 19.34 «10° Pa. Genres ® Sge- Sat = 124.8 x10% = 104,96 10° 19.34 MPa =e (e) Sap * Sg- GS.) = G2LS3~10o"- 524.82 x10" Ee = 90.71 MLO = 0.0967 mn -_2.124 The aluminum rod ABC (E = 10.1 * 10° psi), which consists of two cylindrical portions AB and BC; is tobe replaced witha cylindrical steel rod DE (E = 29 10° si) ofthe same overall length. Determine the minimum required diameter dof the ape Bip Stel rod its vical deformation sna to exceed the deformation ofthe akuminum redlunder the same load and ifthe allowable stress in the stel rod snot to exceed 24 isi TU ‘ soLuTioN in, 15a, PROBLEM 2.124 Deformation of alumnum rad in + foe + Ele coe Lae “ ‘ Sn Awe Ree | é (48° ae) > 28x17 igNece : fair (Yaar +a) = 0.031376 im Bin Steed vod S = 0.031376 in PL _ (23% 10*)(30) us ES * Grvio*yoosa) ~ 279317 fa Peete cee A A= ~ Ae = 280% a 241 1.1667 in® Requived aveq is te | vadue A= 11667 in® a= fh . [Glee -S5.6 MPa -_ Spoke = (8. BBS 17 Y27.B0BHIC") = 242.510 Cm = 0.2425 mm Spat = —C4,8805 10°" \(27, B08 «IO ) =~ 132. S15 m =-O.13825 mm2.125 A 250-mm-long aluminum tube (E = 70 GPa) of 36-mm outer diameter and 28- PROBLEM 2.126 ‘mm inner diameter may be closed at both ends by means of singlethreaded screw-on covers of 1.5-mm pitch. With one cover stewed on tight, a solid brass rod (E ~ 108 Seater aaa (GPa) of 25-mm diameter is placed inside the tube and the second cover is serewed on, Since the rod is slighty longer than the tbe, itis observed tha the cover mus be forced aguns the rod by routing i one-quarter ofa tun before i can be tightly closed. Determine (a) the average norma sess inte tube in herd, 9 ig Aefornatons ofthe fee and of the od 5m | sso ———-| 21261 po. 2125, daemine he verge nome en the be and he we, assuming thatthe temperature was 15° C when the nuts were smugly fittd and thatthe final temperature is 55°C. (For aluminum, a = 23.6 « 10"/°C; for brass, SOLUTION 1wrey Aine = 4 (ASA?) = F(36* = 28") = 402.12 wan = 402.12 0" mt Net = Bolt = E (ast = 490.87 me = 490.87 610 AT = 55 ~15 = 40% ed Ss P (0.450) <6 Stote = ert Lele (AT) = Goro ucraey) * (.2$0)(23.6 «10 V(40) = 8,88IS vo TP + 236 w10"F PL se Gey CPE .250\( 29.4 15% C40) Seed = Bay + boalAr) Gos W108 C40, aoa) * — i = 4.3800 %JO" P 4 20a lore SY ph LS mm = O.89F mm = BIS #1O™ m Site = Sra + S* B, BIS «10 P+ 286 ¥IS® = - 4.8505K15"P 4 209715 4 375 x1O* 13.732 «107° P= 348x10° P= 25,342 10" N i C Gao « Baars 63.0 10° = 63.0 MPa = Seat = EE ~ GEER = - shew’ Pas -.GMPa at momoca 2.127 Theblock shown iamade of a magnesium soy for which E™=6.5 * 10° psiand PROBLEM 2.127 ¥ 035. Knowing that ¢,=-20 ksi, determine (a) the magnitude of for wisck ine change inthe eight ofthe block wll be 2, () the cosresponding cheage in the ne ofthe fice ABCD, (e) the corresponding change in the volume ofthe Disc, ne SOLUTION Sy 20 B20 A. by + E (6 - we = 0 @) 8 = ¥O% = (0.35 Y- 20x10%) = -PIPpsi = ~The me ®) f= ECM - Vee a 22 (Gx 63) A = 42 Que = 7x10) - 14533 x10 CS woe 2 = TROKIO” ~ (0.35 K-7 «103 &= EUG, VG) = mBonse® Coss Mo7 10°) F -2.7 xjo7> Ap AA = Lyle eve Ciee,) = byl, C148 + Ee + 8) Bt As= Ll, DA= Ll Ce, +8, + 88) = G0 10) (1.4538 410° 2.710 + small tem) F498 IO int = = 0.00498 int = (C) Sice Ly is constant AY = Ly (AA )= (1,375 \(- 29810?) = ~ 6.85 10% it = -0,00685 int =e0.00675| 2.128 The uniform rods AB and BC are made of steel and are loaded as shown, Knowing that £ = 29 x 10° psi, determine the magnitude and direction of the ‘deflection of point B when O= 22° PROBLEM 2.128 SOLUTION Foe % Powe 6 = (250? eos 22° = 23.18 10% Ab. Set Feibee _ (23.18«10% 45) ty EAac GIO )0.8) ~ Giga e Paps Pin =( 25x10" ein 22° = 9.36515 th a * 3 & é © s ke Se = Bagh _ (4.36500° (25) _ ‘a 8 See = Ee © GarioP ICA = 2-00673 i 0673 a tan 9 = Gowae 7 OMI |= Pe BSI -_ s =f 0, O4496*+ 0.00678* = 0,04SS in, om 2.129 Knowing that E = 29 « 10° psi, determine (a) the value of @ for which the bias tepeeattrae deflection of point 2 is down and to the left along a line forming an angle of 36° with on. ‘the horizontal, (6) the corresponding magnitude of the deflection of 8. My °- SOLUTION See = 5 cos 36° p,, = EAceSe . 22x10%)(0.8) $ cos 36° a Cee qs = 417.04 x10> S Sao 5 sin 36° Pe = EA See (24 10° )U.2)$ sin 36° SEE Laat as BIB,20xJ07 S = BIBZONF S _ _ tan» MBRONFS = 1967 = 63.0 = P= 25uio> ={HiL04 10” SY" + (81. KOS) = 48.3840 S S: 25K10* 418,38 K1o* = 0.0272 in. ioe ant 2c eee PROBLEM 2.130 2.130 The uniform wire ABC, of unstretched length 2, is attached to the supports shown and a vertical load P is applied at the midpoint 8. Denoting by A the eross- sectional area of the wire and by & the modulus of elasticity, show that, for <<, the, 1 a deflection at the midpoint B is ia = = i fE SOLUTION Use approximetion Sin @ @ tm O = Pp Sttiés ZF,= 0 2a sin - P =O Efongation DeFfection 2 Pry sq > P. Pao = GES fe = Pad . pst Su “RE” GREE From the wight triangle (B+ Sag * = P24 St S's A+ 20 Syn + Sea - 22 Sng (14 £8) & 20 Se pp? ~ ARS Bae sx SP. se a dae - "PROBLEM 2.131 2.131 The steel bars BE and AD each have a 6x18-mm cross section. Knowing that E200 GPa, determine the deflections of points 4, B, and C of the rigid bar ABC, SOLUTION Dse wigid bar ABC as a Free body DESMg=0 (75) Pye -(B00)(3.2)= © i Pro = 12.8 kN Zo - Pec +8247, = Pac = 16 kN L DeF ormations q A= (6X18) * 10B mm = 108 10° w™ = 82 Sy Brolsc . (12.8x10% Y 400 xio?) at EA © Gooxlo*}(108 xjo"*) = 237.04 x(0%m = 0.237 mime «< | © Set See = athe = U6 ¥10*)(4oo x10) edie cee A. Goo HIF 108 *10°*) ¢ & = 296.30x/0%m = 0.296 mm me : = Sa+Se _ (237.04. + 296.20 (10%) ul he 75 =1o-8 | || Ye = Wz K1or* uh ice & = Set Led & = 296.30 «104 (800 x 10 V7. 2x10") 1) = ZARA IO m = LAB mm — < a© aS 2.131 The steel bars BE and AD each have a 6% 18-mm cross section, Knowing that PROBLEM 2.132 = 200 GPa, determine the deflections of points 4, B, and C of the rigid bar ABC. tou SOLUTION Dse wigid ABC as a Free body D=EMgzo 25 Po~ Gools.2) = 0 2.132 In Prob. 2.131, the 3.2-KN force caused point Co deflect tothe right. Using 11.7 * 104°C, determine the (a) the overall change in temperature that causes point Co return to its original postion, (6) the corresponding total deflection of points Pro = 12.8 kN DR eo =Pae + 3.2 + Pro =o Pee = 16 kN eae Deformations : ie J = 8) So 2 Bley Lair) + (2.8 xto*Yuoows™) 4 Hoo wis*)(11.7 e1S* WAT) f (200 «107 \(\oaxio) a Pro = 237.04«Io-* 4 4.68/10" (AT) 7 Sat Sap = Sete Lotter? (200 «107X103 x10" ) = 296.30 ~[0°F + 4.68% IOS (AT) ° S20 Sg =0.3006 -S, > 0.3795 © ~ 9, > SES So = 1.25 3 = MiSx10*)(400x10%) + (900 116°Y 1.7 915 YT) Se ~3y = (287,04 410 4.68.15 (AT) =(1.25)[ 296.30 15" + 4.08 SUT) | 10.5840" lar) = GO7.HIS 10°... AT=-57.684 0 = -52.7°C E, 6 = 287,04 x1O* » (4.68 1° 57.084.) = -32.92xI0$ m 7 ‘ a Sa = O.0382T mm — : O° = (4.6815 (52.684) = 4 26.34% 10"° m Se 2 296.30%1 iC t i) fe peut2.138 A hole isto be drilled inthe plate at A. The diameter of the bits available 10 r dditetairmngetom Tiet}mainénmincenens @)Deeminetedameer | || PROBLEM 2.133 dof the largest bit that can be used ifthe allowable load at the hole isnot to exceed | / that at the filets. (b) Ifthe allowable stess inthe plate is 145 MPa, what is the | \_) sorresponding allowable load P? | SOLUTION : f fl 125 mm y= Omsn At the Bllets | 9 = Imm AE 7S mm 1) : Geen t canals ce ‘De 2.5 Be Se Be sO From Fg ach b K= 210 Bain = (75 YOR) © 900 mm™ % 900 vam® = F091 mn” = Kf, : = AninGs _ (400 x10" UIE +106) Goan = KRY = Say Paw att G00 | ONLINE 10") FEQIxIO® N= 62tKN At the holet w= (D-2r)t, $= 5h where D> 125 mm vadius of cinete LIZ mm Kis token From Fig 2.64a Hee act ~ Ant Sau Some = KRG = Sou Pau = Hole diam! | A=D-2r| r/t | K | Avnet Pa A mm | 4S em] 103.Smm | 0.0485 2.87] 122° mw | 62.7¥I07 N 15 mm | Sem) 975mm [0.077 | 2.25] (ION mt | CITI N 2} am |10.Sm] VsSmm |O.US | 2.67 [10981 m* | 54.6 ni N Zimm | 135mm) BSS mm | 0.18 | 2.57 | 1026xi0 mw | S7.AW1O N hargest hole with Par > GAKN is the Tan diameter hod ab Adouwble Fore Pay = 62 kN =1 2.134 (a) For P= $8 KN and d= 12 mm, determine the maximum stess in the plate PROBLEM 2.134 shown, (6) Solve part a, assuming that the hole at Ais not drilled. SOLUTION Maximum stvess at hade Use Fig. 2.640 Pov vedues of K v 6 Qt nstag 7 9-0597, K> 2.80 Ayat = UR YRS IRV = 1206 me = R06 1S et Sour? KE, = Bseeany) 429.7 x10 he Maximum stress at fidvets Dse Fig. 2.64 b Fe B= 0.12, > Es Kz 210 Nein = GRAS) = 900 ram = 90 #10"% m™ = KL = GloXsaxto) . a Bnav = Ka Foo xjo%e «35+ 3 ¥1O Pa () With bode and Fillets Eng = NB4LT MP = (ob) Without hede Gone = 135.3 MPa =2.135 The stec! tensile specimen ABCD (B= 29 « 10 psi and g, ~ 50 ksi) is loaded jm tension until the maximum tensile strain is € = 0.0025. (a) Neglecting the effect ofthe fillets onthe change in length ofthe specimen, determine the resulting overall Tength AD of the specimen after the oad is removed. (b) Following the removal of the load in prt (b), a compressive load is applied until the maximum compressive strain is € ~ 0.0020. Determine the resulting overall length AD afte the load is PROBLEM 2.135 sowvrion =" & _ Sou _ @ es B= te = 0.001724 Evex = 0.0025 > & Yielding oceurs im portion BC Sec= Sy = SOxi0* psi Permanent strain in BC Esc = Ene ~ Ee *% 0.0085 ~ 0.001724 = 0.000776 See = bec Ee = (400,000776) = 0.00310 in. «< In reversed Douding , at point € on stress-strain pict £ + = 0,00%0 as given. Doving removal of the veversed Joad, the change in stain fs 6 /E = 0.001724. The permanent strain in BC is Ege = — 0-0020 4 0.001724= 0.000276 See = Lege = (4)(-0.000276) = - 0.001104 in, Note thet portions AB and CD ar always ebastic, thes theiv deformations during fond ing and ondoacing do not contwibute to any permanent dePormation.ese ees) eee oa (eal PROBLEM 2.C1 Element 2 Blemest L 2.01 A rod consisting ofm elements, each of which is homogeneous and of uniform cross section, is subjected to the loading shown. The length of el- tment iis denoted by Ly its cross-sectional area by Ay, its modulus of elasticity by E,, and the load applied to its right end by P,, the magnitude of this Toad being assumed to be positive if P, is directed tothe right and negative otherwise. (a) Write 8 computer program that can be used to determine the aver- ‘age normal stress in each element, the deformation of each element, and the total deformation of the rod. (b) Use this program to solve Probs. 2.17 and 218. SOLUTION FoR EACH ELEMENT, ENTER Li, Ac, Fe COMPUTE DEFORMATION UPPATE AXIAL LOAD P=P+Py COMPUTE FOR EACH ELEMENT Tr P/ A Sj = PL/ PEL TOTAL DEFORMATION: UPDATE THROUGH n ELEMENTS G2 b+ PROGRAM QUTPUT Problen 2.17 Element Stress (WPa) Deformation (mn) 1 19.0986 -1091 2 12.7324 = 10809 rotal Deformation = -0182 mm Problem 2.18 Element Stress (MPa) Deformation (mm) 1 98.2438 2.3391 2 98.2438, 414737 3 147.3657 1.4737 Total Deformation = §.2865 mmPROBLEM 2.C2 Elementn — Blerpent 1 2.62. Rod AB is horizontal with both ends fixed: it consists of n ele iments. each of which is homogeneous and of uniform cross section, and is sub- {jected 1 te loading shown. The length of element fis denoted by Ly, its cross sectional area by A, its modulus of elasticity by E,. and the load applied to its right end by P, the magnitude P, of this load being assumed to be positive if ‘is directed tothe right and negative otherwise, (Note that P, = 0.) (a) Write ‘2 computer program that can be used to determine the reactions at A and B, the average normal stress in each element, and the deformation of each ele- rent, (b) Use this program to solve Prob. 2.41 SOLUTION WE CONSIDER THE REACTION AT B REDUNDANT ANO RELEASE THE ROD AT B COMPUTE Sp WITH Re =0 FoR EACH ELEMENT, ENTER Ly ALE UPDATE AXIAL LOAD p=PrP; COMPUTE FOR EACH ELEMENT gs PAG 6 = PL RE; UPDATE TOTAL DEFORMATION G7 Set Fi COMPUTE J, DUE TO UNIT LOAD AT B git; = I/ Re umit 5 = kif Ac Ee UPDATE TOTAL UNIT DEFORMATION UNIT gg = UNIT G, # OMIT S; SUPER POSITION FOR TOTAL DISPLACEMENT AT B= ZERO 5, + Rg Unie 5,70 SOLVING: Rae - Sp/umt Ss THEN: Ry = EP, +R CONTINUEDPROBLEM 2.C2 CONTINUED FOR EACH v g PROGRAM 0 a Problem 2. RA = RB = Element 2 } 3 EMENT a, + Rg unit OuTPUT a 11.909 kips =20.091 Kips stress (ksi) 12.002 61128 -91687 G 5c + Raunt Gf beformation {in.) ~.00923 00589 100334PROBLEM 2.C3 be i Element Element a Fig. P2.c3 2.03 Rod AB consists of m elements. cach of wi Pamir cross section. End A is fixed. while inlly there ie gap 6, be rend andthe fixed venica surface on the right. The length of eecneet is crose-sectional area by Ay. its modulus of elasticity by mal expansion by a; Afier the temperature of the {Raihas been increased by A7. the gap at B is closed and the verieal sutacrs Caer Buel ahd opposite Forces onthe rod. (a) Write & computer program that ar be used to determine the magnitude of the reactions at A and Br the mez mal stress in each element. and the deformation of each element (0) Une tis rogram to solve Probs. 2.53, 2.54, 2.57. and 2.55, SOLUTION WE COMPUTE TNE DISPLACEMENTS AT B ASSUMING THERE 1S NO SUPPORT AT B: ENTER Li, Aj, Ep, ae ENTER TEMPERATURE CHANGE TT COMPUTE For BACH ELEMENT b= eT UPDATE TOTAL DEFORMATION b= Ser bj COMPUTE dg DUS TO UNIT LOAD AT B uit & = Li/ AcE UPDATE TOTAL UNIT DEFORMATION UNIT Sg = UNIT Sq + uner & COMPUTE REACTIONS FROM SUPEFPOSITION Re = (4-5, )/unit & THEN Rya- Re FOR EACH ELEMENT Te -Re/Ae & LET + Ro li/ ME; u ‘CONTINUEDc frre eed a eee) 6 PROBLEM 2.C3 CONTINUED PROGRAM OUTPUT Problen 2.59 R= 25.837 kips Element Stress (ksi) a 21.054 2 76.498 Problem 2.54 R= 125.628 kN Element Stress (MPa) 1 44.432 2 99.972, Problem 2.57 R 217.465 kN Eloment Stress (MPa) 1 144.977 2 120.814 Problen 2.59 R= 61,857 kips Element Stress (ksi) 1 -22.092 2 -51.547 Deform. (10*-3 in.) 3.642 31642 Deform. (microm) 500.104 500.104 Deform. (microm) 242.504 257.496 Deform. (10%-3 in.) 14.410 5.590PROBLEM 2.C4 Ay Ep ley { Ae Eloy Mite T 1 1 1 i Fen 2.04 Bar AB has a length L and is made of two different materials of even cross-sectional ares, modulus of elasticity, and yield strength, The bar is Subjected as shown to a oad P which is gradually increased from zero until ‘he deformation of the bar has reached a maximam value 5, and thea decreased back t0 zero, (a) Write a computer program that, for each of 25 values of 8, ‘equally spaced over range extending from 0 to a value equal to 120% of the Ogi Te), oy=ltye Pre A, + ALT, PERMANENT DEFORNATIONS , RESIDUAL STRESSES BRAN ENE DE PORN TONS See SLOPE OF Fikst (ELASTIC ) SEGMENT SLOPE = (A)E, + Ax Ee )/b Sp= &m Pr SLOPE ) (Fy Jres = — (Es Pm /( seore)) (a , - (Ea Pm f(t store )) ‘CONTINUEDPROBLEM 2.C4 CONTINUED PROGRAM QuTPUT Problem 2.109 bm wun -000 16.387 98.325 314.713 1312200 347.487 1631875 190.262 196.650 213.037 229.425 245.812 262.200 278.587 294.975 3111362 327: 750 344.137 360.525 376.912 393.300 Problens 2 DM 10-3 in, -900 244 41828 Tean 91655 121069, 141483, 16.897 19.310 21.724 241138 26.552 28.966 32.379 331793 36.207 38.621 hn.034 43.448 45.062 48.276 50.690 53.103 35.517 57.931 -000 60.375 120.750 181.125 241.500 301.875 382.250 422.625 483.000 543.375 603.750, 864,125, 724.500 784.875 845.250 990.312 920.500 950.687 980.875 011.062 41041.250 1041.250 1041.250 1041.250 1041.250 SIGM(1) MPa +900 17.250 34.500 51.750 69.000 86.250 1037500 120.750 138.000 155.250 1721500 189.750 207.000 224280 241.500 280-000 230.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 1it and 2.112 Ny kips -000 81750 27/500 26.250 35.000 43.750 52.500 61.250 70.000 78.750 87.500 91.250 98.000 98.750 102:500 106.250 110000, 113.750 317/300 421.250 125.000 128.000 128.000 128.000 125.000 SToM(1) szcM(2) Mea +000 17/250 341500 51.750 63.000 86.250 103.500 120.750 138.000 1581250 172.500 188.750 207.000 224.250 241.500 258.750 276.000 293.250 310.500 327.750 345.000 345.000 345.000 345.000 345.000 SIGM(2) ksi +000 5.000 10.000 15,000 20.000 25.000 30:00 35.000 40.000 45.000 50.000 55,000 60.000 65.000 70.000 751000 80.000 85.000 90.000 95.000 100.000 100,000 100/000, 100,000 100.000 oe von +000 1000 000 000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 000 ‘000 1000 2000 1000 1000 ase 12/350 20.544 28.737 36.931 45.125 61.512 77.900 941267 110.675 Dr 1o*#=3 dn, +000 +000 S000 S000 £000 S000 Too0 +000 S000 T0900 S000 11379 21759 41138 5.517 6.897 8.276 91655 11.034 12.414 13.793 16.207 16,621, 21.034 23.448 STGR(2) Mea +000 ‘000 Soa0 ‘000 ‘000 ooo 000 ‘000 S000 1000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 7211625 30.250 738.875 47,500 47.500 7:00 7,800 47.500 STGR(1) ksi -000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 £000 21143 41286 76.429 8.571 10.714 7121857 151000 2171143 719.286 212423 211429 7211429 21.429 21.429 s16(2) wea, +000 ‘000 lo00 ‘000 Too ooo ‘000 ‘000 000 ‘000 ‘000 000 ooo ‘000 ‘900 alas 13:00 212625, 307250 3aa75 47.500 47.500 471500 47.500 47.500 81612) ksi -000 +000 ‘000 ‘000 S000 ‘000 S000 1000 S000 tooo ‘000 21857 Sita 8.571 11.429 141286 171143 20.000 22.857 25.714 28.571 28.571 28.571 28.571 28.571PROBLEM 2.5 265. The wes cin intr ur ioe le sn ng a ed ~19(2) rev 300-31(2) 3642) ‘where ris the radius of the hole and D puter program that can be used to determine the allowable loud P for given values of D. the thickness fof the bar. and the allowable stress ory OF the ‘materi, (b) Use this program t@ solve Prob, 2.4, SOLUTION ENTER ry 0, ty oy COMPUTE K Rb = 2.0 r/D K = 3.00 -3.13 RD + 3.66 RD 1.53 RD” COMPUTE AVERAGE STRESS Faye = Tou/K ALLOWABLE LOAD P= Tye (D-2.0r)t ou PROGRAM OUTPUT Problem 2.94 Hole at A: Ke 2.573 eB 7.773 Kips Hole at B: K= 2.159 B 5.559 KipsOo (ames tra aa] PROBLEM 2.06 2.06 A solid truncated cone is subjected to an axial force Pas shown.Write a computer program that can be used 10 obtain an approxima- tion of the elongation of the cone by replacing it by n citcular eylinders of xual thickness and of radius equal 16 the mean radius of the postion of cone they replace, Knowing tha te exact value ofthe elongation of the cone is (PLY(C-7e°E) and using for P, Lc. and E values of your choice, determine {he percentage. eror involved” when the program is used with (@) n= 6,(b)m = 12.()n = 60 SOLUTION FOR (=I TO n: L; = (tas) (L/n) r= @c- c(t /L) AREA: Aer; DISPLACEMENT: Ge + PUL/n)/(Ae) EXACT DISPLACENENT: Fi Sener = PL/@OReE) PERCENTAGE ERROR: pencen7 = 190(6~ beayer)/ Fee 2 PROGRAM QUTPUT a Approximate Exact Percent ‘ 0.15052 0.15915 40083 22 9115899 0.15915 10100 60 90115935, 0.25915, do405CHAPTER 33.1 Determine the torque T which causes a maximum shearing tress of 70 MPa in Sere the see ylindscal shaft shown, 1 aan SOLUTION oz te = Ket tr Te = Fe T= Fete EO.018)$(7o¥10%) = Gul Nem —e PROBLEM 3.2 3.2 Determine the maximum shearing stress caused by a torque of magnitude T= 800 Nem. wan i * SOLUTION Te = HE Te Het ~ BT _ C00) © . Toe = Het” Toe = 87-3 10° Pa 87.3 MPa - PROBLEM 33 3.3. Kowing thatthe internal diameter ofthe hollow shat show i d= 0.9 ia, ate *rCsaxiee = MET ie Cy = 27.88 #10 m A= 2Cy* S5.BIO Mm 55.3 mm —et PROBLEM 36 3.6 (2) Deemine he torque which ay be appli to asl sha of 9mm outer diameter without exceeding an allowable shearing stress of 75 MPa. (6) Solve part a, ‘assuming thatthe sobdshaf is replaced by a hollow shaft of the sarve mass and of 90- SOLUTION ‘mm inner diameter. (ooo rere ee aoe) (a) Fer the sobid shabt ¢= 4d = Gi(o.07) = O.045 m Zs Bet = Flo.ous = 143.14 wor’ wt Toe qs “oT Teal. (asxio® \U43.04x 10%) = 10.74 #108 New 10.74 KNem =a (be) HedPow shaPt G2 $d, = (4)(0,090) = 0.045 m For equal masses the cross sectionaf areas must be equel Azwet =e aeg-6") of G =foe4e° _ c, = f0.085* + 0,045* = 00636896 T= Ee 6") = 19.3237 2166 m* n Te Bayt = (IS 10° C19. 8237108) 233.77 x10? Nem U 2 (eau a a 0,008C896 22.8 KN metcm aa a Fe] mu fete toe eed aaa fore rea] cae ae eee mo a eee moses 7 27 (Farther weir nd lig ow, te te ne ee ee cere ane dere kw eo TEE Wn i tniaen neato pet 3m SOLUTION 2% (Q) Solid shaft c=ta = (30) = LS in Paton Te. 20 40) ; a Tray? Be = 2E BIG = 7.545 ui Footy lb) Hoblow shaft cyahel = £40) = 20 in, De Mateo) . i Ce Ce © Bay + . ATe ~ got (24020) _ oy CQ Ai = 20" “TGasy 9.28 in c, = 1.74395 in A= RC, 3,49 in = PROBLEM 33 38 (@) Determine the torque which may be appli to a solid sha of 0.75-n diameter without excoodng an allowable shearing stress of 10 ks. (6) Solve part a, sssuing tha the solid shat hasbeen replaced by a hollow shaft of tbe same eross- SOLUTION Sectional area ad with an ier diameter equlto haf outer diameter. (a) Seid shaft: ck = (4MO75) = 0.325 in, Jes Fe" = Elo.37s)" = 0.03)063 -int La = 10 isi T= Tow 00810680) - o.g28 kipin or 828 thin me (b) Hoffow shaft For the same area as the sodid shaft 2 2 A= n(cd-c2) = mee -(day]= $7 = 7S Cy? fet = Fy (0.875) = 0.43308 in G2 kG = 0.210506 T= Eles-6,") © E(ouasors" - 0, 216506") * 0.051772 in = Cone! 10 (0. = ‘pis T: Seesl = WONO0S972) = 1.196 kipsin on 9G inh.feeder is ca (eos eee eed dee ] i 3.9 The torques shovm are exerted on pulleys 4 and 8. Knowing that each shaf is cen ‘solid, determine the maximum shearing stress (a) in shaft 4B, (6) in shaft BC’. ee SOLUTION ee Shaft AB: Tyg Zoothm, d=0.030m, 67 0.015m Ty 200m 5 Toon? TS 2 2T , (2rls00)_ : T * eS * a eosy one . = 56.588l0% Pa = S66 MPa =e a ShaPt BC: Tap 300 +400 = 700 N-m : = + Te .2T . Gyro) A= 0,046m C= O.023 mM — Trae 2% 7 Qos 36.626 %]0° Pa 36.6 MPa a PROBLEM 3.10 4410 The torques shown ate exerted on pulleys A and B which are atached to solid circular shaf's AB and BC, In order to reduce the total mass of the assembly, determine the smallest diameter of shaft BC for which the largest shearing stress inthe assembly i not increased. SOLUTION Shatt AB: Tre? 300 Nem, d= 0.080m, = 0.015 m to 2 ES 2 ZT. (2)(G00) isu v "oT (oor 8 = 56.588 *10% Pa = 56.6 MPa Sheft BC: Tee = JOO +400 = Joo Nem d= 0,.046m, C= 0.73 m ‘amy = EE = BT. _QX700 ” Tony > TE = BE eas = 36.626 ¥10% Pa oe 36.6 MPa The Dargest stress (56.588 x10° Pa) accurs in portion AB Reduce the diameter of BC te provide the same stress, = 700 Nem Too? TE > 22 We fe 720) nea Cin aE * 7 (66.58Bx10*) ~ 7. 828 #10» © = 1989S x07 mn d= 2¢ = 39.79 10m 51.8 mnteee Fence 2 esa force (eee Beaded et a eral c (eral ca 3.11 Knowing that each portion of the shaft AD consists ofa solid circular rod, tt aonhen a determine (a) the portion ofthe shaft in which the maximum shearing stress occurs, (6) the magnitude of tha stcess, 50th in SOLUTION ShoFt AB? T= 400 Jb: in 1300 in va » ee Cs : oo ee ay AU, = 948) pst a8 SL BE BO: T=-400 +1200 = 800 J-in cztd = 0.275 m Tone? TE = SF, = Bieood, « 9653 ps" ShoFt CD: T= -400 +1200 +500 = 1300 fb-in edad= i ~Te . 2T ~(2X1300) Cadden — Tay TE = BE = MIC) » ag gag, berowers? (a) shaFt BC (b) 9.66 ksi ~« PROBLEM 3.12 3.12 Knowing that a 0.30-in-diameter hole has been drilled through each portion of shaft AD, determine (a) the portion ofthe shaf in which the maximum shearing stress ‘occurs, (6) the magnitude of that stress. seat SOLUTION Hole: C234 O15 in Shaft AB? T= 400 fhe in 2 Ca 4d, = 0.30 in pe = 075m T= E(e'-¢,) = B(0.30"- 0.15") 3 = 0.011928 in? gn = 08 8 = Te . Yoo %o.30) : Tay = FH > GeoKe30) = io 600 psi ShaP+ B@: T =-400+41200 = 300 fh in C2 = 44, = 0.375 in T= EG'-¢,") = Bo.315% 0.15") = 0.030268 in 2 Te, (oo y(0.395) : Trey = Rs Sagouea FTG psi SheFt CD! T = -400 +/200 +500 = 1300 thin Cp 2 Edy = OU in T= BG1-6") = E (0.95% - 0.184) = 0.063617 in? Tay = Te = Uaee dons) = 9) : tr 9% pe suns dco= 09% 0.063617 i: Answers! (a) shaft AB (bb) 10,06 ksi =L Hap 3.13. Under normal operating conditions the electic motor exerts a torque of 2.4 bieraitetn kam at 4. Knowing that each shafts solid, determine the maximum shearing stress (a)in sha AB, (b) in shaft BC, (c) in shaft CD. JBe=12kN oan 4, = 0SKN-m SOLUTION Shaft AB: Tag = 24xIC Nm, c=tel= 0.027m =z Te, 2E . O)G4¥x08) Frm = I 7 nes * Wo.Sa7y ShePt BC Tee = ZA KNem = 12KWem = LL ZKNem, c=fels 0.023 m x08 < Ter Ee 2. Ot) - or reswicthe — c2eMPane ShaFt CO? Teg = OF 4/07 Nw Cabal = 0.023 m ele 220 . Mer) _ ¢ T. = 1 = 20s OCs = 20.9995 Pa 20.9 MPa = = 77.CAS #10 Pa, 77.6 MPa, ~<# 4.14 Under normal operating conditions, the electric motor exerts a torque of 2.4 PROBLEM 3.14 Nm at 4. In order to teduce the mass ofthe assembly, determine the smallest diameter of shaft BC for which the largest shearing stress in the assembly is not increased, SOLUTION See solution to problem 3.14 For figure and For maximum shear! stresses in ns AB, BC, and “ED at the shaft The lavyes value #s = 77.625 x1G* Pa occunng in AB. Adjust diameter of BC fe obfam the same vadue of sivess v-Te - t 2 On Fe > FRE = tens 1 ot C= BhLds xo m d= c= 42.84/00 m 423 men mev PROBLEM 3.15 3.18 The allowable stress is 15 ksi inthe 1.5-in-diameter rod AB and 8 ksi in the 1.8-in.diameter rod BC. Neglecting the effect of stress concentrations, determine the fa i steel SOLUTION largest torque that may be applied a ne TE, gehe’, T= Fon, Bess iia Shaft AB* Trae = IS ksi erkd= 075m = T= Bos Ps) = 4.94 kip -in Shaft BCP Ty = B ksi c=kd = 0.90m T= Flosoy(2)= 16 Kiprin The aDDowable torque is the smalfer value Te UG pin me 3.16 The allowable stress is 15 ksi inthe steel rod AB and 8 ksi in the brass rod BC. Knowing that a torque T= 10 kiptn. is applied at 4, determine the required diameter of (a) rod 4B, (8) for BC. PROBLEM 3.16 SOLUTION Shot AB! T= 10 kipsin Tay = 1S esi ots GML > 0.4244 ink C= O.7S1Sin d= 20 * 1.503 in = Shaft BC: T= /OKipsin Tony = B ksi 3, (Ale) — Fe egy = 019577 im © = 0.9267 in d= 2c = 1,853 in, ~ o.080m, See” Tew = $3 Cay = F(0.080)*(75*0*) = B18 x107 Nem Pipe CDt = C, = Fd, *O.04Sm =O, Cq- E = 0,045-0.996 = 0.089 m T= E(e,"- ct) = F(o.095"- 0.037") = 2.8073 15 = (2.8073 x10* Kis 108). oN Tew fete Kis ne 4.679 x19" Nem Afowable terqve ii the smedJar vYalue (3.18 x10" Nem) 3.13 KNem MA. vA = 40 (,*- 04) Ste. motes ee To SEt BGG ty 5 plete Kese yy T). b+ 0,2 (Bi feseet ite = Etre sy (hoffe shat) cy for sodtd shart (Z), = SE Cooke shat) (tw). a Z) (I Grae bt gh = FL (r+ &) «a the exact dstbutlon ofthe shearing esses ina hllowcyinder hat tee stresses tobe uniformly distributed over the area 4 ofthe eros action, a show in : Fig. (2nd then further assuming hat al he lemertary shearing force oct tance hy ; from O equal to the mean rads r= 'A(e, + 6) of the cross scion This i i See materi epee eee ye ofthe tre vals ofthe Sansa shearing ses ands approximate vale % S {Srvalues of ee spectively equal to 1.00, 095,075, 0.50, and 0 wo w SOLUTION hold. : = Te, 27a _ 2Te For a bellow shat: Taw = TE = ETS = FELON EF = 4Tt, AGP +?) ae Tage Sates Ain ~ACGG) ividl ft, ChC2 4G) t+ aad Dividing fom = S6G.+5) 2 WMC to Catt, Vey bod Olt, to logs lots | os | oo Toul | 1-0 | 1.025 11.120 11.2001 hoeee eal: c 3.31 (a) For the sold sce sha shown (@'= 77 GPa), determine the angle of twist, a1 4, (6) Solve para, assuming thatthe steel sha is halow with a 30-men outer diameter and a 20-nen innce dameter. PROBLEM 3.31 18m SOLUTION 7 (@) cztds 0.0m, T= He's Flos)" / Je TR S22 KIO mY Le Bm) G=77K10% Pa om D). T= 250 Nem g Ee = S0) 1-89 : 3 S Gyxiot\Citsaasigs © Wi7O” rad = (73.Ha jo S _ ° g a = = 4.20 ~— (6) GF 0.01, C2kd,r0.01I0m, T=Ele'- 4) T= FE (0.018% 0.010") = 63. 814410 m* g-i = (250-8 es a said rad = 82 (1.580%) 2525" mt 7 (77 «107 )(63. 814 ¥ 10" 3.32 For the aluminum shaft shown (G = 3.9 « 10 psi), determine (a) the torque T which causes an angle of twist of 5°, (8) the angle of twist caused bythe same torque TT in a solid eylindrical shaft ofthe same length and cross-sectional area, PROBLEM 3.32 SOLUTION a 9-H, 7-2 P= S° = 87.2610 red, L= HEE = 48 iw T2(G-6,") = £0.28" 0.8") = 0.39884 in” T 3.910% )(0. ae 187.286 x/2 =2.2279 xJ0° bem = 2.83 kip-in = (b) HedJow shat A = 1(C,*- ¢*) Solid shPt A= Tc? Matching areas chs 68-62 = 0.95*- 0.6? = 0.3125 in* cz0.ss9oin, S> Fel = Elo.ss9o)’ = 153.378 4/0 in® = DL , _(4.8274%103 (48) ae 3 P* GF = anova dievieT 7726-81410" wed = 13.00° <«ee: 3 c 333. The ship at A has just started to drill for ol onthe ocean flor ata depth of ee 5000 f. Knowing that the top of the 8-in.-diameter steel dil pipe (G = 11.2 x 10*psi rotates through two complete revolutions before the drill bit at B starts to ‘operate, determine the maximum shearing stress caused inthe pipe by torsion. SOLUTION 9: GF or: ae Te: Gig: . Gee vr TL De Arev =(Nlam) = 12.866 red, Cztds 40in L = S000 f+ = 60000 ia 7 x W210 U2. $66 (4.0) 60000 = %.3826x10" pss = 13 Ks met PROBLEM 3.34 5.34 Determine the largest allowable diameter ofa 3--long ste! rod (G= 77 GPa) ifthe rods to be twisted through 30° without exceeding a shearing stress of 80 MPa, SOLUTION Le 3m, p= SOU = 523. 6xJo% rd, T= Boxlot Pa. ce ~ GS Te . GI@c ~ Goe See 9* Ge aaa tH Sige = co Geass oe = (20 #101( 3.0), 463 «102 m cus: m= 5.953 mm (17 #107) (523.6 «10°3) eae 7 d= 2e7 1G) mm -— pcosLia as 3.35 The torques shown are exerted on pulleys A and B. Knowing thatthe shafts are solid and made of aluminum (G = 77 GPa), determine the angle of twist between (a) A and B,(8)A and C. "ARs a = Tha = 300 Worm, bag 7O.4m, Cy? Hel # 0.015 m Fo. ay 74.522 «1077 wt on . = §300)0.97 7 s Ub one e er * Usiot\TasaarTOF = NHOFS x10 vad Pg = 253° « ) Tee = 300+ 400 = 700 Remy be ® 075m, Cy = td = 0.023 m Tae = (0.023)" = 439.578 x07 m? = Tele . __(700)(0.75) a «os Pee Eee” Timor iin.sranay) = 185! M10 ie Dae > Var + Dae = $9606 x10 pad > 342° =<(ere PROBLEM 3.36 3.36 The torques shown are exerted on pulleys B. C and D. Knowing that the entire 7 shaft is made of steel (G = 27 GPa), determine the angle of twist between (a) C and 0mm B.(b) Dand B. SOLUTION mm (g)Shakt BC: C=hd* 0.0K m See = Fe! = 7% 522/077 mm" Lee 0.8m, G2 27x10" fe « TL, _ (eo (0.2) Pac GS © 27101 5277o)} = O149904 Wed = BSYo me l(b) ShaFt CD: c= 4d = 0,018 m Seo = Het = 164.896 x10" mn" heat Om Tap = 400-900 = - S00 Nem Pev> EE = (S00) .0) Seon C2710 VAC. B96 10°F Bom = - 0.11230 rad Dew = Pact Pen = O.WNIOH = 061/220 = 0.08674 vod = a : 3.37 The solid brass rod AB (G= 39 GPa. is bonded tothe solid aluminum rod PaOHLEM Satis BC(G= 27 GPA). Determine the angle of twist (a) at B, (6) aA, ¢ SOLUTION Shaft ABE Cetd = 005m L= 0.0m G = 39107 Pa T= 180 Nem Pron 3 330 min Py Shaft BC2 er dd = 0.0m, L = 0.320m G = 27x10" Pa, T= 180 Nem Te Bet = 164. 896 x10" mt = -_80)(0.320) = as Pac = Tarerynenaaere * 12.937%10° vad Answers! (0) Gy> Cee = 12.997 * 1S vad = 0.741 (o> Pet Pao = 27447 Io vad = 1.573" J =Eet = 79.5220" m* TL ~__(180)(0.250) - : Gm GF = Biuoryresaarioty © | 510 x10 vad 44 ees juss eee eee ede a PROBLEM 3.38 338 The brassrod 4B (G_ =5.6 10 pi)is bonded to the minum fod BC (G= 3.9% 10" psi. Knowing that each rod is solid, determine te angle of twist (aarB, (dat. SOLUTION Both portions C2 dd = 0.25 in Je Rete 6.135e%107* int T= 300 Abin Shaft AB! Gage S.6xtO% per Lye 4 ft = 48 in Pa* Pag = Lehse = G00 C48) BS Gad” (E610 SE. 1864x105) = 0.419 vad = 24.0% = SheFt BC? Ge 3.9 x10%pe? Leet GF = 72 in. Pat Thre . _@00)(72 8° Gul ~ amo Ve eso) = 0.903rad = SIL7° Pe = Da + Pac = 0.417 40,903 = 1.320rad = 75.6" ={emer eee EEE mo m “4 s00 wi Ee Twist in shat CD 3.39 Two solid steel shafts (G = 77 GPa) are connected by the gears shown. Knowing thot the radius of gear B is 5 = 20 mm, determine the angle through which end A rotates when T, = 78. Nem. PROBLEM 3.39 SOLUTION Cakstation of torques Circumferenh'a? contact fore between gears Bande ie. T : — Fee > a7 The = Tat 1S Mn (Qs) = 225 Nem 7 se Sep = Bag = Blo.01)" = 32.572 2167 m’, Leg = 0-400 m TL (aas)o.4¥oo) | Goo* EF * Camo* 82 S720 Rotation one at C Pat Pen = 35.885 710° rack Circumferential displacement at contact porats of gears B and C St GQ = Mae Rotation angle ot Bi Get $e 7 Bpke (38. 35«16")= 107. 654x106 tad Twist in shat AB? G = 7710" 85,885 «10° vad. Tha? Feu = Facets 1570810" mY, Lyg = 0.500 m iW OS \0.500) os 3 G+77x10" Pa, Gua * * Gino T Os 708x107) BlLOOFKIG tact Rotation at A Dh? Pot Pap % 138.7 410% pad = 7.99% ~Hea eeeee ee Ieee ese 4 Ded te -eecee PROBLEM 3.40 3.40 Solve Prob. 3.39, assuming that a change in design ofthe assembly resulted in the radius of gear B being increased to 30 mm. G277GPa, ys Somm, Tht 75 Nem Determine the angle thvougn whieh end A rotates. SOLUTION Cofentation F torques CireumPeren tied contact foree betwee. geers Band © Teo. Fs Taste. he Ye En 150 Nem Twist in shaft CD Teo ® FC = F(o.o1a)"= 3257210" m* beg = 0.400 m a 7 = Tk ~_llso)(0.400) GMO" Fa, Po EF * Cywia8e2. 7210 Rotation angde at © Pe = Jeo = 23.923x)0% rad. 23.923 x10 vad CircomPerential disphacement «t contact pois of gears B ome C. = TG = Made Rotetion ongde ot BGs eg, = QEEO(23.908010") = 47.896 110 nd Twist in shaPt AB te = Ee = E(0.010)1 = 5.708x107 mug = 0.500 m 7 1 - Tk. __(S (0.500) c a G = 77x10" Pa, Ge? BF Gao GEIB IO) 31,008¥10" pad Rotation ot A = Pat Pag = 78-8Sx los red = 452° <ede Gea, (ea) eed eel titles eee et Cees te essa 24 ocee (eee 3.41 Two shafts, each of 3 - in. diameter, are connected by the gears shown owing that G ~ 11.2 * 10" psi and thatthe shaft at Fis xed, determine the angle ‘Through which end A rotates when a 750 in. torque is applied at A. PROBLEM 3.41 SOLUTION Calculation of torques. Circumferential cow tact Force between gears Band E - le . Te Faireaind Lee =. Bin, F (0.395 "= 81.068xk5* in” G = IL-2 #(08 psi = Tgeles (lo00)(s;____ x10% Dee = GET “Gianictaresewos) 7 MA: 795 410" rad Rotation ot E Ge = RRS KIO ted Tangertiad clisplacement at gear civede S + Vede = Made Rotation at B > % Be = ECR SHS) = 30.660 r107 vod Twist in shat BA be? 6452 Win, Tea? BL063 m0 in? ~ Take ._ C501) - “8 Pea * GTag (1.210% BI. 063 x10" ) 33,713 110" wad Rotation af A Dh = Pat Aq 2 30.66Oxws*s 27.713 x1? = $4,373 2107 raed z S.12° «(eae eee ieee Eee, din are connect gears shown PROBLEM 3.42 341 Two shat cach of 2 dacater ted by the gears sho ‘Keowing that G = 11.2 * 10° psi and that the shaft at Fis Fixed, determine the angle trough which end A rotates when a 750 Ibn, torque is applied at. 4:42 Solve Prob. 3.41, assuming that ater a design change the radius of gear B is 4 in and the radius of gear Eis 3 in. SOLUTION Calesbation of torques Tangenticd contact Force between geens Band & pris. le Ye Ve fi Ter = #8 The = $0) = $62.5 Abin Twiet in shabt FE Ler = Bin, Spee Fete Bl0.875)"= 31 0699/07 in? G =1/.2%/08 psi O2ENE) eee Giant \(siocéeoe) > |? on wed Ret tion at E Pe = 12.985 115" rad Tangential displacement ot qew cirete S$ = rede = Vote Ration at B a= Eo + Ecaaasne?) © 70110 rad Twist shat AB » Tag = $1.063%/07 in, ~ Tiekew . (25090) i Da ee” Ch anOF (an0Ca W/o?) han * 645 = I in 23.713 «(0"* tad Rotation ad A = et De = 4, Jolxfo™® + 23.718 KI? = 33, 414x107 rod Pr i!(eee eee} se a0 {coer Fused recordin igh fm the aon of sha is cone to the shaft by means of the gear train shown, which consists of four gears and thipe solid steel shafts cach of diameter d. Two of the gears have a radius rand the other ‘wo a radius nr. Ifthe rotation ofthe coder F is prevented, determine in terms of 7 SOLUTION 1G, J,and nthe angle through which end 4 rotates : PROBLEM 3.43 Te (ard BAC Tmt!) ~< Posted 43 Acoder F, used to record in digital form the rotation of shaft , is comected to the shaft by means ofthe gear tran shown, which consists of four gears and three solid steel shafts each of diameter d. Two ofthe gears have radius and the other two a radius nr. Ifthe rotation ofthe coder Fis prevented, determine in terms of 7, . 1G, J.and nthe angle through which end 4 rotates. See so)siion to PROBLEM 3.44 For the gear tin described in Prob. 3.43, determine the angle through which B43 For deveDop ment of sd rolates when 7=075 Nm, 1 60 mm, d=4 mm, G=77 GPa and n= 2. equation Por Op Qe FE thre) Data? T+ 0.75 Nm, fe 0.060 m, c=td= 0.002m, 6 =77K/0%R a= 2, T= Bet = E(o.c0z)" = 25.133 x10"% m" (0.250.960) (7710? (AS. 133 «10 SOLUTION = (1 tet t)= 30.52x10% pad = 1.749% -_( [ fi eased tH eeeeed ced EEE Goes eee cece verte] 3.48 The design specications ofa 2-m+-long slid circular transmission shaft require PROBLEM 3.45 that he angle of tis of the shall not exesed 3° when a torque of 9 KN mis apped Determine the required diameter of the sha knowing thatthe shat made ofa) 8 steel wth an albwable shearing sess of90 MPa and a modulus of pity of 77 GPa, SOLUTION (atoms whan alovabie shearing eso 5 MP and arodshs oie of = 3% = $2. 80K red, Te Fx/0> Nem L=2Om p+ Tb = Bes ote FOG based on twist eagle Tv. a = BT G8 BE based shearng strese woe (a) Stee? shaft: t= 90x10 Pa, G= 77x10" Pa TIPO NS C= L0G KIO m= 406 mm d= 2e= 82.1 mm BMIHIO8) = G3, cearict® mt WFO r10*) CF 89.98410° mm = 84.93 mm d= BOF 14.4 mm Required value oP d is the Pargens A= B21 mm — (b) Brome shebt = Tr 35x10* Pa, G= 42x10 Pa + _@)G¥10*) (2.0) Based on twist ongle CVF 29x10 108. exes) = 2.892x10~ m? Based on shearing stress cf 2103 x10 S wa! ton twist angle Base. twist angle c CoN GRIET C= AZ.78xIO% m = 47.78 mm d= 20 95.6 mm i = AM G07) 6 yd Based on shearing stress Ot gasxioy” = 168.702 ¥/0°% mi ct SH. 7oxlo*m = SH Te mm B= he = 1084 me Required value of d is the targer A= 109.4 mm =<[ [3.46 Te design specification ofa 4--ong sold circular transmission sha require PROBLEM 3.46 that the angle oftwst ofthe sha not exceed 4° when a torque of kins appiod Determine the required diameter ofthe sha, knowing tha the shat is made ofa stel SOLUTION with an allowable shearing stress of 12 ki anda modulus of rigidity of 11.2» 10° pe Based on twist anghe 9 = 4 = 69.810 10°F vad, Lett = 48 in, TF 6 Wpin = Goo fbn, GF iQ x08 psi sie. 2u 9. 2TL , (2)(Govo(4a) 5 int ge HA et TOG = NCnamtotyerginiosy 7 O-2348 Ct 0.696 in As 2c = 1.342 in, Based on shearing stress Te IQ ksi = 12000 psi > le. 2 = 2T . 2)(6000 : at ot = BE . Biieoa = 0.8183 int Cr 0.683 in As 2eF 1.366 in, Requived cliameter is the favyer A= 1.392 in. =chromo, a a reopen eererarg | PROBLEM 3.4" ‘same diameter be used for both AB and CD. It is further required that 1,., 60 MPa ‘and that the angle @, through which end D of shaft CD rotates not exceed 1.5°, a ee Ten = Ty * 1000 Hm % \ Tha? ete" HE loco) = 2500 Nom For design based on stress, use Jurgen Porque Tyg > 2500 Nem - Ts , 27 Ct > et ots po » ies ot = 26.526 ¥ 10% mm? CF RUBAHIO mm = 29.82 mm, d= 20> 51.6 mm Design based on rotation amfe y+ 15° = 26.18 110% rad ShePt AB: Tie = 2500 Nem L= On im san * Me = LS = Ye g, = 120.4000 . 2500 Pe EG EEE = Gr Shaft co Tip * 1000 N- L= 0.6m Pen = z iz toaoilo.t) = = 282e = B02 ~ _3100 Po Pat Pep = BBP + Se = Hee ye = £2X3100) ___@Y(s!00) . “18 OF eg alr KReIBMaT) = 777-06 W107" m CF B46 HI m = 346mm d = 20 62.9 mm Design must use Danger vadue For of d= 62.9 mm =ee Corea. 1 =a PROBLEM 3.48 ‘3.48 The electric motor exerts a torque of 800 N-m onthe stel shaft ABCD when itis rotating at constant speed. Design speciiations require thatthe diameter of the shaft be uniform ftom A to D and thatthe angle of twist beween 4 and D not exceed 1.5°, Knowing that fy, < 60 MPa and G=77 GPa, determine the minimum diameter shaft that may be used. SOLUTION Teng ues Tig = 300 + §00 = 800 Nem . Tec = 500 Nem, Tr. = 0 Design based » stress % = Cox/ot Pa v=Te . 20 c's af . AX8o0) ST Te * Fes Teoxiory = 8 483x/O~* wt © 20.40x10% m = 20.40 mm, d= 20 = 4O.8 mm Design baseal on deFormation Oyy = 15° = 26.1810 rnd Poye =O = Talse _ (S00)(06) _. @ ag = Tebse , (S00){06) - ge = Take _ (00)(04) R20 ea ete ec ier a = $20 1 GO. _ (er) Bn = Pet Pie + Pau = GE = SE, -~ Gkew che (2G) _ Xero) *1077 m* TCBa ~ FAK avioty = 19S:80 x10 m Cz 204K m = 2nO¥mm, — d= ET URI mm Design most use Danger value of d d= 421 mn -Gl — as ca Al po) 3.49 The sold cylindrical rod BC is attached to the rigid lever AB and to the fixed PROBLEM 349 supportatC. The vertical force P applied at 4 causes a small displacement at post A 14-Show thatthe corresponding maximum shearing sizes inthe rod is L rea ‘where dis the diameter ofthe rod and G its modulus of rigidity. SOLUTION Lever AB turns through 7 g a angle @ to position A'G as shown in the avyidiary Figuee. a Verticn? displacement ig A= a sing i from which @ = arcsin & The mogtin vm shearing stress in rod BL is = = 6S2. Gde Bin = CT nae = GTR = GF For smth A anand w ~ Gad Tome = Zea nad 4 A aresiaco 4.50 and 3.51 The solid cylindrical rod BC of length L = 24 in, is attached to the aes | rigid lever 4B of ength a = 15 in. and tothe support at C. When a 100-Ib force P is (i applied at , design specifications require thatthe displacement of not exceed 1 in. when a 100-Ib force P is applied at A. For the material indicated determine the required diameter ofthe rod. ESO Steel: rye 15 ksi, G= 11.2 «104 psi SOLUTION At the abfovahle twist angle sings A= b= 0.06667 @ = 3.8226" = 9.066716 vas. T= Pa cos = (100 MIS) cos 28226° = 1496.7 Sh in ‘| 2 Te Based on test f= Te - BTL. ote STE Le WEG 4 = AXIN96.7(24) oe stay it 7 = TC aRIO MOOT) = 30-603 x10 iw c= 0.418 in. Based on stress > O22 a0 « ¢*- 2D (= 18000 psi) c Tr ws We 8. 2(1496.7) oss ; c = ote) = 63.522 #10 in CF 0.397 in, Use danger value for clesign C= 0.397 in d= 20= 0.837 in =e Pecunia 3.50 and 3.1 The solid cylindrical rod BC of length L = 24 in i attached to the : rigid lever 4B of length a = 15 in and to the support at C. When a 100-Bb foree P is L applied at 4, design specifications require that the displacement of 4 not exceed 1 in. ‘when a 100-Ib force P is applied at . For the material indicated determine the required diameter of the rod. 451 Abumimum: 54 10 ksi, G* 3.9» 108 ps SOLUTION At the aMowable twst angle singe Aik = 0.00067 Q = 3.8226" = 0.066716 rad. Tt Pa cod = (100 )iS\cos 3.8226" = 1496.7 fein Based on twist or Ths 2th one #2 (2496.7) (24) ae Fit 7 i c # BTeReetTIG) = PT BEBKIO™ in CF 0.544 in, 2TL cr Based on stress ‘ qe. 2l. ce at (£10000 psi) $. (2009967) L chs - - cs (yee? = 98.283 x10" iw C* 0.957 in Use faryer value for design C= O.SH¥ in de2c=ostin =e3.52 Aid torque T i applied atend 4 ofthe composite shat shown. Knowing pI "ROBLEM 352 ‘hat the moduls of rigiity is 77 GPa for the stee! and 27 GPa forthe aluminum, 0.036 m Sa = E(ea*~ 6") = $(0.036"- 0,027") = 1.20855 107 m* GF, (27 #107 1.30885 10S) = 48.70 x108 Nem* Torque carried by aluminum jacket The GT P/L Totad tome T= T+ TF (GS tGh g/t @ 2TH _ Co GT + Gd C428 x08+ 4B 7om0F = 35.406 x19 pad /m (@) Maximum shearing stress in steel core TG = aad = (71109 )(0.027V(45.406 x10") = 73.6x10% Pa, 78.6 MPa =< (b) Masimum shearing stress in afuminum jacket L= GY = 6c, 2 = (27m10*No.c8e Y(35.40¢ 10° *) = 34.4 x lot Pa 34.4 MPa - (©) Angde oF twist = LE =(asNas4oexto®) = 88.51% vad = 5.07" —(aoa (esol foo (eum) fs eae (eel isin co Pater 3.53 The composite shaft shown is to be twisted by applying a torque T at end A. PROBLEM 3.53 Knowing that the modus of rigidity is 77 GPa for the steel and 27 GPa for the sluminum, determine the largest angle through which end A may be rotated if the following allowable stresses are not to be exceeded fyi = 60 MPA and Fen 45 toe soLuTion Tne = Yong = 6 Cre 4mm fp = tit For each material a L Sun Alun ke’ SteeP core? — Tat = 6O*10" Pay Canes td = 0.027m, G = 77%/0" Pa Put, 60x10" ze. 0 x10 pad L (7 lonN(aorty ~ to" rad /om Alominve jacket? Tapz 45x10" Pa, Cony hal = 0.086, G= 27x10" Pay ‘ fe. Sse = 46,296 110° pad/m L ” (rie 082) Smaller valve governs ee = 28.860x10* vad/m AMoushle angbe Ptwist — uy = b we = (2.5 (2.86010) = TRISHMO* vad = 413° =PROBLEM 3.54 10° ps bonded to a 1 2in-dameter eel core (G = 11.2« 10" ps). Knowing that <1 the shal is subjected to S-kiprin. torques, determine (2) the maximum shearing stress on in the brass jacket, (6) the maximum shearing stress inthe steel core, (c) the angle of 's twist of end B relative to end A. SOLUTION 7 Brus ike, Steef core? C= d= O.6in reine DT, = Be" Elo.c)! = 0.208575 in” sin ten GS, = (2 #100. 20a57F) © 2.2800 108 Mb in® Torque carried by steef core TGR ZS Brass jacket! C,2C,+b = 06+ 0,.2= 0.8 in Gee Elc'- 6") = ¥(0.84- 0.6") = 0.489823 in® Gady = (5.6 «10° 0.439823) = 2.4630 x/0% fb-in™ Torque carried by brass jacket h-Gat Total porque T=Ty4 Te = @N+GG)E ee EE §x103 i -3 ‘ + Gy Zkboowo% 2¥eao wo 7 10842 #10 vad Zin (A) Menimum shearing stress in brass jacket Toe © Gy Yous * Go,F = (S610* (0.8 Xiosu2 vio ) = 4.72 «10° psi WIQ ksi we ) Mavimum sheanng stress in steel core Come = Oy Yoo ® Got = I1.2210* )(0.6\0.0542.*10") = 7.08 xlo* pa 7.08 ksi = Ce) Angle of twist (L= GH = 72 in) = LE s(7a)\(1.0542 410) © 95,9410 rad = 435° =~[ tl 3.85 The composite shaft shown isto be twisted by applying the torques shown. PROBLEM 3.55 owing that the modulus of rigiity is 11.2 « 10° psi for the steel and 5.6 « 10° psi for the brass, determine the largest angle of twist of end B relative to end A ifthe - flowig above sess ara becxsned tay Ilend oe” ae SOLUTION pet : re Cin? ly = OO ef Stee Duy, Tae Bop ench metevial ain e+ ge Steeh cove? Ty = 1S ksi = 1SO0Opsi , Come 7A = OG in ae IS000 -s = OS OR RBRI KIO rad Jin L (NQxlOf (0.6) Brass yacket? — Nye Bksi = B00 psi, Come = 0640.2 =O8 in = 8000 L * Gb Vo8) = 1.7857 «10° red Zin Smaller valve governs OL = 1.7357 10"* rad Fin Allowelte angle oP tuitt L= 6H = T2in Quartz b dy = (72K1.7857 «10° ) = 128.57 *107* pad = 737° ={mms Fee samen) 2 eee J ee ea] [ra [anal {umm = cnoncew aes 3.56 Two solid ste! shafts are fited with flanges which are then connected by fited bolts so that there is no relative rotation between the flanges. Knowing that G = 77 GP, determine the maximum shearing stress in each shaft when a 500 Nim torque is. SOLUTION te flange B. Shaft AB T= Tre, ber 0.6m, Catd= 0.01fm Teg = He"= Eos) = 74.52 1077 m" % >= Tale : Ha x10" 52015" Te Sse ge = Ho TSE 16 De = 10,2051" Py Shaft CD Ts To, bet O.9m, Crtde 001m, J+ F's F008)" Tey = 164.896 x10°7 mt - qe Sete = CramtoN tet 96 @ = intognet @ Matching votetion at the Flanges Gaz Fe = @ Total torque on Flanges T= ThytTeg = $00 Nom 500 = (10.205 xlo® 4 14,108%10°) P QF 20.565 x10" rack The = (lo. 20Sx1o* (20.565 xo") = 209.87 N-m Teo = (14. toa wo? (20.565 x1o"* ) = 290,13 Nem Meximom shearing shras in AB Cr as. + B%87VQ0.015) - z5 cari Pa BRC Pe 19.F2e1O7% Manimun Sheasing stress in CD eg = ES. = (240.18)(0.018) © 3) 7 410° Pa 31.7 MPa <7 164.896 * 10-9I Gol co Ga zm sf Sa et Coord ome oe (esas oreo (oe oo o 43.57 and 3.8 Two solid steel shats ae fited wit flanges which are then connected by boks as shown. The bolts are sightly undersized and permit 2 1.5°rotation of one ‘lange with respect to the other before the flanges begin to rotate asa single unit ‘Knowing that G=77 GPa, determine the maximum shearing stress in each shat when 18500 N'm torque T is applied tothe fange indicated. 3.57 The torque T is applied to flange B. PROBLEM 3.57 SOLUTION SheFt AB T= Tas, b= 0.6 m » C2¥d* 0.0ITm et Fel = Boos} = 74.82 107 Tao Lan = Taal Be Gre Tow Tra * Sades. g =TPH1o NASR) g, = 10.205%10° Py SheFt CD T= Teo, bio 209m, C=A=O.0I8m, Los Fes E(O.018)” Ten = 164.896 «1077 mt - Ta = Sela ge (ae Yuet ance 2g: ioe Cdearancs rotation for Flange B Paz 1.5% = 26.18 x10™ vad Torque to remove chearance + Tha # (10.20SKIo*)(26.18410"*) = 267.17 Nem Torque T! to couse addiand rotation 27 = S00 = 267.17 = 282, 83 Nem "= The + Teo 232.83 = (J0.205xI0% + H0Bx1O8)P" 2D" = 7.5765 x10 read Tre” = (lo. 205 «10° 4.5765 x10) = 97,73 Nem Teo" # (4108 #10" (4.876510 ) = 135.10 Nem Mexzimum shearing stress in AB Toa 7 a 20M IS IOS). Ce 9 rio Pe CRBHPO at 74,52710% Maximum, — Stress in CO ~ Tot _ U3s1o)(0.018) _ ‘6 To = fo caer = 14.75 wlo® Pa VAIS MPa, =e(cece eee eecal ema i) Co PROBLEM 3.58 3.87 and 3.58 Two solid steel shafts are fitted with flanges which are then connected : ty bots as shown. The bolts are slghlyunderze and peta 1.3 "roation fone fare wih rept tthe other trove te flanges bginto Toate a sgl una SOLUTION ‘Knowing that G= 77 GPa, determine the maximum shearing stress in each shaft when. £8500 Nm orue Tis plied othe fange nated Shaft AB 4.58 The torque T is spplied to ange C. T? Tag, bint 6m, C=td = 001m Sha = Bes FQo1sy = 74.5221077 m? = Tele Pe Cain = lar ererene) i Tea = Scie 4s (nto I. sanis”) ao ° = 10.205%10* Gy [ona Shaft CD T= Te, bot 0.9m, c=td =0,01I8m, J. = Fc'- E(o.o1g)* Tep = 164. 896 #1077 mY bee Teo = Seta g : (inter Wee. 46015") Qe = Me log mio @ Clearance rotation for flange C gh’s 1° = 26.18 210° vad Torque ts remove cdearance } Teg = (14.108 ¥10°)(26.18 x15") = 369.85 Nem Torque T® to cause additioncl rotation P's Ts 500-369,85 = 130.65 Nem T's Ta + Ts 130.65 = (10.205¥/0" + 18,108xK" )Q" "> 5.3737 «1* pad Tre’ = (lo-20s™ fo® (5.373710) = 54.84 Nem Ter = Cit. t08 «(0 065.3737" oD © 75.81 Nem Maximum shearing stress in AB - Tae _ (5484.01) | ae te = Ste WRsQrioThe = 10-34 #108 Pa 10.34 MPa Maximum shearing stress in CD Uy = Head , (364.35 475.81) (0,018) = 48.6r/0° Re = 486 MPome 164.396 Kion?om a Ee ose et (rere) Fee csr te (xerc eee | fee) a PROBLEM 3.59 3.89 Ata time when rotation is prevented atthe lower end ofeach shaft, @ $0-N-an torque i applied to end A of shaft AB. Knowing that G = 77 GPa for both shafts, determine (a) the maximum shearing stress in shaft CD, (b) the angle of rotation at 4. SOLUTION Let Ta? torque applied at A = SO Nem Tha = torque in shebt AB Ten * torave in she CD Staties Tan Tha - FO 1 '@ Tat Fro= 0 Teo * EG, - Tea) = 3 Ta- Toa) Gear A Gear 6 Kinemetics = Qa = NR * R= =% i = Tel = Angles of twist De Be 7 SE =2 = L Took, . 2.2 aeTa)b Gin 7 3°3 Ste (ea) = GG) = or Tag = 0. -2 Tot ZF S204 Ty = (O.SZ04Y50) = 26.02 Nem (S0- 26.02) = 15.99 Nem (2) Maximum shearing stress in shat CD Tas Us = = 2Te , @lis.94)_ . e Fe QUSAAY = anno! Pes I MPa (oY Angle oF rotation ot A gy? at. GS Bligh _ (2)(26.02(0.220) 13 549 wi"? peal TE Ca W707 YO.0075)" = 0.779% =alte eae ia =e cal fe (eased teed O (essa eco eal 1 3.59 ALatime when rotations prevented atthe Tower end of each shaft a 50-N-m foe torgue is applied to end A of shaft AB. Knowing that G = 77 GPs for both shafts, determine (2) the maximum shearing stein shat CD, (2) the angle of rotation aA ‘3.60 Solve Prob. 3.59, asuming that tho SO-N-m torque is applied (o end Cof shat cD. SOLUTION let Te = torque cippliol at C = SO Nem Teo = torque in shat CD Tig = torque im shat AB Statics . Tha- (SF =O G) Te-Teo - Fr © vl Ta = B(Te- Ter) = F(t -Teo) Guan Oh Geant Kinematics? Pee eR % 7h On 73% 7 = Tab Bee fe L Angles oP twist Ge = aE pe BE ® geze Tet . 2.2 E=Te GE, 22 “Cis (Ss + $) Te =(()+ 9) Teo = 3% Te = 0.47% Te = (0.4796 M50) = 23.98 Nem Tag = $050 - 23.98) = 37.03 Nem @) Maximum sheaving stress in shaft CD = Teh, 2 Te, (2Xa3-98) 2 Os Tet Bee Fes Tee 7 7-70 Pa = 70.7 MPa mt (o) Ange oP rotation ot A = Tak , ZTrk _ _2¥37.030(0.200) . “3 Ge Sie * TGea’ TU No.00s)) 20.879 110 tad " = 116d? —_3.61 The steel jacket CD has been atached to the 40-mm-diameterstel shaft AE by ‘means of rigid flanges welded to the jacket and to the rod. The outer diameter of the jacket is 80 mm and its wall thickness is 4 mm, If 500-N-m torques are applied as shown, determine the maximum shearing stress inthe jacket. & iF D SOLUTION SoBid shaft? C= td = 0.020 m Te = Fe = Flo.o20)* = 251.33 ¥10"" m* PROBLEM 3.61 A Jacket: 2 $d = 0.040 m ot Te = EGG" 6,") = F (.010'- 0.086") = 1.3829 x/5¢ m* 27 b = 0.040 -0.004 = 0,036 m Torque canmied by shalt Ta = GEO/L Torque carcied by jacket Ge 6 e/e Tat P torque T= +t = Wet Gy )Ge > Se epee RG 1.3829x10" )( 500) a «10 F = (iserriot)(so0) alow Ts Tesde |" 13824 o" 23578800" ele ng phere stress in jacket 423. 1)(0,040) ajo 2.24 MP ws Vaaeaw igre SR Pa ' MPa 13.62 The mass moment of inertia ofa gear isto be determined experimentally by PROBLEM 3.62 sing a torsional pendulum consisting ofa 6-8 steel wire. Knowing that Q= 11.2% 10° psi, determine the diameter of the wire for which the torsional spring constant will be 4.27 Ieiiad. SOLUTION Tovgion fo coustant Ke 4.27 Mb-Pt/rad = 51.24 bsin Mad Fe - G@ . me" Sy K° $d: dae 7 & - a _ tue GNIAY 51.24) - 209,7 x10* in Ea WUZ x08) Cz 0.1208 in, d=2c = 0.241 in, _2363 A sold shaft and a hollow shat are made of the same material and are ofthe PR . beeeeeeeasee ‘same weight and length. Denoting by 7 the ratio ¢,/c,, show that the ratio 7/7, of the torque 7, in the solid shaft 1 the torque 7, in the hollow shut is (a) i Vir? (1+ n?) ifthe maximum shearing stress isthe same in each shaft, (01 - 141+) ifthe ange oF twit ste same foreach sha o cn SOLUTION For equal wecght and denath, the aveas ave equal wets wlet-o¢) = TaM-n*) = C= G@/i-n® T= Bes = Fel (i-nt)* Te Fed - c= Ean) (a) For equal stresses = Gee . Thee eee TB. he . FaX(i-ne — ten 7 Th Thee Ean ahiene (tn? lien ~ ~ (b) Foragoud | angdes oP hoist Soe ?* Ga Fak Tee he FG ew . tT Tn > Fe,¥Ci-n) r= eoein aes 164A torque Tis applied as shown to solid tapered sha AB. Show by intgation ta the angle of wit ais ot SOLUTION TaxGe* Tntroduce courelinete y as shown. re & Twist in dength aly =ie.I4. ATL dy 4? or GE WGEe Ty = (Mate aw - aT agg, (a mGEe y* eye ae am pee oe +4 Pe -3y = Gc! ~ me + 3B a age TTL =< Wee? (ae ignee*3.65 An annular plate of thickness ¢ and modulus of rigidity G is used to connect PROBLEM 3.65, ‘shaft AB of radius r, to tube CD of inner radius r,. Paty pears ia toend 4 ofata AB and that end D of tube CD is fixed, () deterring the and lation of he sina tearing stress plate (0) stow hat he SOLUTION ange through whch end B ofthe shaft rotates with respect fo end Cof the ube is, r Use o Free body consisting bac al 1 of shaft AB ald an innen SaGt rf tien of the plate BC, the puter radios of Sass portion being Pp aa xt The force peace eg cPelrconbarenee 4 @ : is “et. 4 Pas =M=o0o X tt lanpye -T =o ce wtp™ (2) Maximum shearing stress cows at pth Shearing strain Y= Es weep The rebtive circumPerestiat displacement in radioed Length op is aS: dp = pdo Trnae = nt a ag= re ', ~(*DT_ . 7 (ht 7 Teopii Te 21GE o> BHGE eel ell ee ok Seer saeco abe bas-as| “WEELH H ai (eae Cease aaa) ao = {3.66 An annular aluminum plate (G = 27 GPa), of thickness ‘= 6 nm, is used to PROBLEM 3.66 connect the aluminum shaft 4B, of length L, = 90 mm and radius r,~30 mm, to the shuminum tube CD, of length [, = 150 mm, inner radius 7, = 75 rom and 4 mm thickness. Knowing that a2500-Nom torque Tis applied to end 4 ofshaft AB and that end D of tube CD is fixed, determine (a) the maximum shearing stress in the shaf- plte-tube sytem, (8) the angle through which end 4 rotates. (Hin Use the formula SOLUTION evel in Bro3.6 to sae par) Shedt AB Se a s Ts = = . F ca = o™ 00) ‘ =-@iaseo, = 58.910" Pa < 58.9 MPa 4 Plate BC (See PROBLEM 3,65 for der'vadion) "\¥ =—T_ .___4S00___. e. U* BEnt* reooe toca: ~ 77HOTR Ae 737 MPa ShPt CD = = O.07Tm, C,= +t = 0.015+0.004 = 0.0 m T= Elcs#. 68) = £(0,079% 0,075") = e482 x10°S mn! = Ter 2 (2500M0.079) = 17, 2om10" Pa = 1220 MPa a #82 KIO-F (a) hangest stress C= 73.7 MPa = = Tile - 2Tbia _ (2)(2500)(0.0%0) See Gon” GR = EET F atersio"Wo.0803" = 6.S50K107§ rad Plate BC (See PROBLEM 3.65 fr derivation) fae Cen SE - 2500 1 sete Fee WeELe Bt i aresttyaoss (ote ag} = W146 «10 vod = The __ @Seo)(o-150) = 3 ShaF+ Cd eo EE” = GaN ao) * 1.10 £10” raat Total rotation ongle P= Gag + Pac + Pen = 8.91 x10" rad = 0.5}0° =outa 2.6 Usa owl srs of 55 MP, signa solid ste! sa ots 10 KW at a frequency of 1: SOLUTION sete P= lowe w, F=1S He Joxto* 7 ca TEN ey © fii Q)C106.12) = AT. a yy? € = > 3h os Se = ERR T1228 x1 C= 10.71 x10 m= 10.7) mm A= 2e= Y4 mm -_ PROBLEM 3.68 3.68 Using an allowable stress ofS ks, design a solid stel shaft transmit ! bp at speed of 1725 rpm. SOLUTION Tut? 5 ksi = 5000 psi Pekhp = £(6600) = 3300 tbein /s f= US = 23.25 He T= Bp = eae ey © 208 Min v~ Ie: aha ce 2.3260 10° in® Cz 0.1825 in 3.69 Design a sod ste! shaft co transmit 100 pat a speed of 1200 rpm, ithe PROBLEM 369 onimndubgatcsmiceced pi SOLUTION Tah = 1500 psi P= 100 bp = eee bein /s = oo, is 660x102 is f= Bges eit Te cd = Stay = 52! x10" Abe in = Te. L BI _ @MS.2521 10°) t+ Ig: aE we @Dsasaetor Sea = 0.4458 int CF 0.763% in d= 2c = 1528 in, -< eoauase 3.70 Design ol se a tas 0375W at eguey 029 He ie SOLUFION Tay = 35x10" Pa PHO.BISHIO WF = 29 He BS = 0.375 xo? _ To air + -SBIGgIe = asso nm 21(2.0580) - ve Tee Bt = He IGRISS = arse CE BB4SeIO Im = 3.345 mm d= 2e = 6.69 mm ~= >!3.71 A hollow shaft isto transmit 250 kW at a frequency of 30 Hz. Knowing that bce the shearing tress must not exceed SO MPa, design a shaft for which the ratio of the ‘mer diameter to the outer diameter is 0.75. SOLUTION | Ty = SOx Pa =P =250v IF WF = BO HE = B . 2801 _ | Tee PIRES 1926.3 Nem Teht-q)= FU -@ed = ove ¢,* U v2 Ts - To. . of=-— - et __ Tt 1.0738 C.* \.0738 EZ” (1.0788 )(Soxt0%) Ce = 24.70 x10 m® Cy = RDIZ*IO mm = 242 mm da= 2c, = 58.2 mm = i | {4.72 One oftwo hollow rive shafts ofan ocean liners 125 ng. an its outer and PROBLEM 3.72 inner diameters are 16 in. and 8 in., respectively. The shaft is made of a stecl for which i ‘p= 8500 psiand G= 11-2» 108 psi. Knowing thatthe maximum speed of rotation SOLUTION afte shai 165 rpm, determine) the maximum power tht canbe tasted by the one shaft its propeller, (6) the corresponding angle of twist of the sha. IA Cettd,= Bin + C, =k = tin T= B(qat-6")* Elat-4*)= costes int ~ : : -=T®_¢ 8 8s. i HO te & See BX8500) = 6.4083 x10% Ahan A Pe HS = RIS ue 2 lay) P= 2wET = 20(2.78)6.4o88KI0t) = 1L0.74K10° fb-in/s q NO. «bf Mb-in/s 7 aes ais tp © 1678 110 hp. ~< A Ls 45 fF = S00 im = Th 2 Gtossxo®\isee) _ . | > > BF = Ghaneryeossy * 01428 rel [| = 81S? =‘73. While a sce shaft ofthe cross setion shown rotates at 120 rpm, PROBLEM 3.73 stroboscopic mearoreetindeates that the angle of vit s2° ina-+m length, Using G=77 GPa, determine the power being transmitted. SOLUTION Twist angle P= 2° = 34.907 ¥10"% rad Gtk, = O.0ISm, Cp=td, = 0.0875 m Te HE(qi-6") = El 0.0875 *- 0.015") T= 3.0268 x 10% m", Letm cere = GLP , (174107 Y3.0268 v1" (34.907 +15") Or gr Tae: 7 2.0339x10 Nem fe 120 0pm = ZEH2 > ZH2 4 ‘ P=(ATEYT = 27Q%20389 KI) = 25.6 «los Ws 2SEKW =e 3.74 Determine the required thicknes ofthe 50-mm tubular sha of Example 3.07, rece: if t is to transmit the same power while rotating at # frequency of 40 Hz- SOLUTION From Example 3.07 P= l00 kW = 100x108 W Tut = GOMPa = 60 x/0% Pa C22 yd = 0.085 m Given $= 40 He Aue i innioe moni : Tam 7 BHtuey 7 37784 a : ia = E(cs-¢f Te =e. c= ¢,' - 405 T= Eles- 6) ve Te = shan a al 4 He oadicg ee 4 QM 397.890.0285) _ + Cy = C," - Sept = 0.025 - Soe = 285.081 X10 Mm m Dela c, = Ra IO Mm = BF mm -_ + C, = 23.11 x102 ited eel am (eal ee J 4:75 ‘The design of a machine clement calls for a 1.5-in-outer-diameter shaft 0 PROBLEM 3.75 ‘transmit 60 hp. (a) If the speed of rotation is 720 rpm, determine the maximum shearing stress in shaft a. (6) Ifthe speed of rotation cam be increased 50% to 1080 rpm, determin the largest mer diameter of shat b for which the maximum shearing ea willbe the saneineachstah. 15, jy a ALS 7" SOLUTION P= 60 bp = (606600) = 376% 10° Me in/s fs ge" = I2He CG ttkd = 0.75im Hee eau 9G MIO rdie: 3 i Tea aa 5.2521 x10 Pb. is ay v= TE, ZT , Qus.asaixic’) Torta: Soe = %.9256%10% pst 7.98 ksi ~ ) f= 8. iene C22 $4, = 0.75 in =P , 3% 10% _ 2 dhe T an¥ an C8) 3.5014 %10" Db-in vy: im. ata T Tee) a. at. 2Ta _ 4 @NG.S014 x10" (0.75). lint CPs Gy) - Faget = 0.75" BRe se rei 0:10S47 in ©, = 0.5697 in Ay= 26,7 14 in = {3:76 A ste pipe of 60-mm outer diameter iso be used to transmit torque of 350 PROBLEM 3.76 ‘N-m without exceeding an allowable shearing stress of 12 MPa. A scrics of 60-mm- ‘outer diameter pipes i available for use, Knowing thatthe wall thickness ofthe £ available pipes varies from 4 mm to 10 mm in 2-mm increments, choose the lightest pipe that can be used. SOLUTION oomm TH = oe Pa. cy etd, = 0.086 m eee: grey ABH ENED eg He ¥_ (@3501(0-030) _ “9 c= Ce Wee OsOy aa Zexlo*y = 252.96 x17 mt C, = 22.43 ¥ lot be C.-C, = 30mm- 22.43 mm = 757 mm Required thickness t> 754mm. Avaihable size b= 8mm =3.77 A steel drive shaf is 6 ft long and its outer and inner diameters are respectively PROBLEM 3.77 ‘equal to 2.25 in. and 1.75 in, (a) Knowing that the shaft transmits 240 hp while ‘tating at 1800 rpm, determine the maximum shearing stress. (6) Using G = 11.2 x 10% psi, determine the co a psi, determine the corresponding angle of twist ofthe shat. C= ta? 0.8% mn, CgegdthlaSin, Le Gt = 72 in P= Ato hp =(240)( 6600) = 1. sa4xj0% Mhein/s Fe 1329 2 30 He 60 a [SBA x08 3 fe in To - Se tasy = Bitos# x10 T= Fes 61) = EGas'- 0.899") = 154580 int Tes _ (a.4ost nth (1.125) = S426 pri a J 1 S953 = TE (84034108 X72) oe) = a “(IAxto*Y.59 580) = 33.86/08 rad = 1.940° et PROB EL Goe 3.78 Knowing that the allowable shearing stress of the steel to be used is 7500 pai, ‘ 3.978¢xlo" Nem Design for ait Pimit t= 50 MPa = SOxI10* Pa = ie 2 Ean « &=2 Basie - 50.061 x10 m C= 37.00 K(0% m Design for angle of twist fist QF 3° = S236Ki07 vad Tk . ath ‘ . = STL _ V3.9789 x10* 2S), oy PGT * Tee CCT * = ENE lo ay. Ne ted ato © = B5.40%10*m Vse Parger value C S2.00x10'm> 320mm 5 f= 267 74.0 mn al PROBLEM 3.83 3.83 A steel shat of 1.5m length and 48-mm diameter is to be used to transit 36 4W between a motor and a machine tool, Knowing that G = 77 GPa, determine the lowest speed of rotation ofthe shaft at which the maximum stress will not exceed 60 SOLUTION ‘MPa and the angle of twist will not exceed 2.5°, P= 3¢xlo? Ww, Crhas O.0zm, LeiSm, G=77«I0P Torque based on mauimum stress T= GOMPa = Coxlo* Pa we is T= i = Bctx= To.oze}(coxto®) = |,30288 x10" Nem we based on tuist a P= 2s? = 7 633 «10° rad i Eb : Xe 6@ _ To.ort)'(17 «10° ¥43.633 1s*) a i AVS) = 1.16730 K10™ Nem Smaller torque governs T= 1.16730 110" Nem a * Sees ieee eaesenea ews f a eseeeeceeae PeankT = f=5R - sores 7 te= OQ t I | ca oa 3.84 A L.S-in-diameter steel shat of length 4 ft will be used to transmit 60 hp between a motor and a pump. Knowing that G= 11.2 * 10 psi, determine the lowest speed of rotation at which the shearing stress will not exceed 8500 psi and the angle SOLUTION of twist will not exceed 2° PROBLEM 3.84 c=¥d = 0.75 in L= 4A = 4B in Torque based on maximum Sheaving stress dimit T= 8500 pai ma i 9 v= Te = SEs 1 Fete Flo. 15 0 s800) + 5.688410 Abin Torque based on twist angle Pimit Ps 2° = 34.907 «10% pad Char ee a @Gay = 4.048 x 1o* db-in Smaller torque governs T = 4,048 x10" Phe in Pe aT where Pe 60 hp = (Go)(ce00) = 396» 10° Jb-in /s £ 396 x 10% eee eee dea a Rat * Gatrswp sey = SST He = 934 opm ~ 3.85 A1.6-m-long tubular shal of 42- er diameter having the cross section PROBLEM 3.85 stovwn isto be made of stel for which r,=75 MPa and G=77 GPa. Knowing that the ange of ts ofthe hal mst ro ceed 4° when the shat subjected 10 i tongue of 900 Nem, deternine the get nner diameter d which en be peeled in the design. 6: Maia dy SOLUTION | Jt Cy RAF 0.07 mm LELE m i Based on sheets dint 2275 MPa = 758/08 Pa -Te 2 ge Te -Lgoovlo.oas . See xv a J 7 7s“ io* 252x107 Based on angle of twist Rimit P= 4° > 64.818 1S" raat ee Te @o0C1.6) 8 nt eee eo? SS 8B 9- ar’ 1? ee" aerkesgaat 7 67-8840 Mm Larger vadoe Por J governs STs 267.88 «1077 mt T+ ECK-,") . a of ot - at = 0.0u1"- ee Cy = PRA IS m= IR man d,= 20, 7 24.49 mm = = 23,948 ¥107* m*3.86 A 1.6-n-iong tubular steel shat (= 77 GPa) of 42-mm outer diameter and PROBLEM 3.86 30-mm inner diameter di to transmit 120 kW between a turbine and a genereor. eee ‘Knowing that the allowable shearing stressis 65 MPa and that the angle of twist must fe not exceed 3° determine the minimum fequeney at which the shaft may rotate. | souumiox ds = AZ ml de Cr = £4 = 0.02lm, Ch = $d, 20.015 m T= Ele") = Fo. cat" 0.010") = 225.4710"? m* Based on stress Pimit Ur 6S MPa = 65x) Pa =~ Te = SEL Gas.amisVMesuioe) _ ee ge et Gurl ee OOm EER Based on anghe of twist Pimit p= 3° = 52.36 410% md EFF 243 Nem 2 Te 2 72 GIP. (77107 War (53.36 210*) Pete cen Eee = $64.40 Nem Smaller torque governs T = 564.40 Nem Pe Ro kW = [20x /08 Ww : seit ecteed Piaaiatidt) ges (ostinit P= ant T - Farr * Green aey * 33.54 He ~= = 2012 rem =am) PROBLEM 3.7 3.87 ‘The stepped shaft shown rotates at 450 rpm. Knowing that r= 10 mm, io z From Fig 3.32 Ke 134 Fal er ata ha For smaller shaft bal = 0.010 m « KTe 2 2KT , @)U-34@5) © $ Pas on Kis . oe BYLBGE) = aia mt Pas 2A MPa a BLM. (eo) Pager hu ee R(D-d) = R= 218) = 2mm Feb = 0.0556 Fron Fig 3:32 K=/-42. For smaller shaPt ¢ = kat = 0.0108 m, z= Kis 2 eT. Oe 1.4 «10° Pa = 17.9 MPa. 3.92 Inthe stepped shaft shown, which has a fll quarter-circular fillet, D = 1.5 im, PROBLEM 3.92 and d= 1.2 in, Knowing that the speed of the shaft is 1800 rpm and that the allowable shearing stress i 8000 psi, determine the maximum power that may be transmitted by the shaf a SOLUTION r=HD-a Bods = 1.25 (D-d= £15 - 1.2 )= O18 in He ONS, a 27 0.125 From Fig. 3-32 0 K = 1-3! For smadler shat c= 4d = 0.6 in Fe guarertea ilt _ KTe Jt .18t ict nba oe Tee 72K 3 T= EL ARG YC aoeel 2072 thin $= 1800 rpm = 30 He Power Pe anf = 2n(80)(2072) = 840. 6xIC" Ab -in/s 390.6 x 10 Hh in’s _ eo ein ire 87-2 bp balPROBLEM 3,93, 3.93 Inthe stepped shaft shown, which has a fll uarter-cieular fillet, the allowable shearing stress is 12 ksi, Knowing that D =125 iw, determine the largest allowable torque that may be applied tothe shaft if (a) d= 1.1 in, (6) d= 1.0 in. SOLUTION Lt = IZ ksi = 12000 psi @ Dshas debi in Ds $2 = 1.04 re¥(D-d)* $ (25-11) = 0.075 in H= 92% = 0.0682 From Fig 3-82 Ke |e 40 For smaller shabt cade = 0.55 in -KTe , SE. mete. 160.55* (120001 wey 8 es a ete Folger et tren ege of lager ch = 2240 db-in —_ te) D=h25in, de ho im Pek(D-d) = 4CL25-10)= 0. 125 in Po 1. 26, $288 2012s Frm Fig 3-32 Ke 1.87 For smatler shaPt cute + 0,50in = TAL | (0.12000) 4 ‘ T= RE TERE - 1798 Ain -3.94 A S4-mm-tiameter sold shaft is made of mild steel which is assumed to be LEM 3.94 eee clastoplastic with z; = 145 MPa, Determine the maximum shearing stress and the radius ofthe elastic core caused by the application ofa torque of magnitude (a) 4 SOLUTION Nm, @) Sih C= = 0.027 m Ty = 14S ¥ 10° Pa Compote Tr = Tes HoH e F(o.027)%(ius mot) = 4.488 x10" Nem ) T= 40xlot Nm < elastic PAC = 2mm =< - if aT | kuoxto) _ < : Tt Ft Fe ear 7 eH of Pat 129.4 MPa me (h) TE SOx Nm > TF plastic region with eDastie core. The maximom a stress is Ty Ty = (45 MPa = T#ET Ce peat at. _ sx) | - B= 4- Sb 4 TE, = 0.6540 £ = 0.8680 Pr = 9.8680 C = (0, 86801(0.027) = 0.02344 m = 23.4 mm — PROBLEM 3.95 3.98 A 1.5-in-diameter solid shaft is made of mild steel which is assumed to be ‘with F; 21 ksi, Determine the maximum shearing sess and the radius ‘of the elastic core caused by the application ofa torque of magnitide (a) 12kip‘n, (8) SOLUTION 18 Cekd = 0.7 in Het kai Compote Ty T= = Bett = Flo.rsy(2!) = 13.416 bap. in @) T= IR Kein < Ty ebastic PPCF OS ing me = Ze , 20 YCIzy | : ce ee eae Se = BH ksi ae (b) Ts 18 Kipein > Ty plastic region with efastic cove The maximum Shearing stress is Tmy= T = 2) ksi =< T Sh i- &) He4-5E e 4 2 . 0.11957 Be = 0.49265 , ; Prt 0.492656 = (0.4926 SM C.75) = 0.364 in. ~t: 3.96 A 30-mm-diameter solid rod is made of an elastoplastic material with #,=3.5 ent MPs. Knowing thatthe elastic core of the rod is 25 mm in diameter, determine the magnitude of the torque applied to the rod. SOLUTION Ty = 35x10 Pa C= kd 0.015 m fr 2 BA: = 0.0185 m Tre oe = Betx, + E(o.oi (3.840%) = 12.555 Nem & . GORS . 0. gsa32 vert 4A) = S0a.ss5)] 1- Hosss327] = 21.2 heme PROBLEM 3.97 3.97 Ivis observed that a straightened steel paper clip can be twisted through several, evolutionsby the application ofa torque of approximately 0.8 vin, Knowing thatthe diameter ofthe wire used to form the paper eip i 0.04 in., determine the approximate ‘SOLUTION value of the yield stress of the steel, Cxgd = 0.02 in Ty = 0.8 Abin oy: $hG bey - Ben - 3T GBxXo.8) = 3Te 2 SOE). 47.7 ksi ~« Te ede oa * 87 . 3.98 "The soli eicular shaft shown is made of a steel which is assumed to be Listened NX clastoplastic wth r;=21 ksi. Determine the magnitude T ofthe applied torque when the plastic zone i (2) 0.6 in, deep, (B) Vin, deep. SOLUTION Czas in Tye = Al kes Te F Bete + Basha) = 64.427 kip-in (a) bys O.6in, pps O-by = b2S- 0.60 = 065m , > 0.520 Be 2 O65 @ * Tas Tl- $f) $lea.a27 [1-4 (0.520)] = 22.9 kipein =e (W) tes LOm, pyze-by = 125-L0 = 0.2Sin ae S85 (- $A) = S$ (ounrr 1-4 (0.2001) =B 398 Te sold circular staf shown is made ofa ste! whichis assumed 1 be Th PROBLEM 3.99 lastoplastic with F,~ 21 ksi. Determine the magnitude T ofthe applied torque when ine the plastic zone) 06 der, (0) I dacs ) PY '3se"Focin at ou gS cami ago wna a in Yam orca Ib ens { 0 vy SOLUTION Le 4ft + 48 in oe i : 7 - Lh. ~ UBC xI8) ato? vy: PP yee Oye Lee be. UNG = 72.00215" ved it c L 7 eM 2g Sm | | Ce RS in, THe Al ksi > ZInlO' pri, GM. 2x/o% pro t @) te 06m prre-ty+ 128-067 008 $= 28 0.520 | 0 G+ Bes TROON 39.46 cis md = 7.98" «< = . . & 20a, n (b) bys Oin Pr? ae 1L2E- 1.0% OAS f° Lae 70-200 u go: & = T2028" = 360 v10% red = 20.6" - 3.100 A torque T is applied to the 20-mm- Q Sez BREE © 64707 (a) T? $1 (1- $8) = $(207.779[1- f(0.ct787)"] = 203 em ao &. & = 0.64787 Pr = 0-64787 ¢ = (0.64787) (0.00) Pr? 6.4737 ¥10°m = 6.4737 mm Aes Py = 1295 mm101 A 18-mm-diameter solid circular shaft is made of material which is assumed iiiectammrartctees elastoplatic with G= 77 GPaand £)= 145 MPa. Fora 1.2-m length, determine ‘the maximum shearing stress and the angle of twist caused by a 200 N'm torque. SOLUTION Tee MS x10 Pa , CH hal = 0.00%m, Lei 2m, Ts 200 Nem Te GE. Betz, = B(o.c0aMismot) = 166.0% Nem T>Ty plastic region with efastic core Vmoe= Ty = 14S MPa tt - eke . Qh GX 166.04) C12) FP RAF * Fake > Resarpenaos 2 5. 88xOT vw. T= $0 U- $$) yey. ST. y_ Xam) . (BY = 4- SE 4 HAG ose He. o.r2887 = Pe. = 251.08 x04 i or Damas = BGBTP > seis wed = 19.78 =< ee Det y sand & pene. rar ene ofa ra oa Penn determine the angle of twist ithe torque i increased to (2) T= 1.1 Ty, (8) T= 1.25%, ()T=13 7, . T$h(1-4 Bd a. ar 2! ha = = or : qg TF zr 7 oe r 2 t WN SEs blo ee ae = IE = 11a6Gy =e a: ” qe Nir) ? Zeus 2: : = 1.887 Pray S= 2s Pr2isdy Ty plastic region with elastic core © Cones Uys Qiksi =e [ Oh 2g. Lh, Lt (Co W2ocoy a | Yes Res ys Se = Sak = StiCasiet) 7 SOONO rad 1 (1-4H)> mo fscessenl SeEeaaennanern 1 | Vt- st Teas (yceteyeamist ae: f) cate V4 - Stereo P= 1.220% = (1.220 Ya00xIo) = B66x/0? red = 2/.0° Te Ca¥ HA, F 0.085 m ) C= Fd, = 0.015 T= Be" 6,") = $(0.085*- 0.015") = 2.2777 10% m i i (aaron ayae! He . qe te _ errs * W180 0) yay ajo" Nom 0. 035° = 17) kN 2 RL, Ma od) os a . Oe * EF GimotiGImmes) © COM MIO md = SF oT lb) B= 0.010 m = 0.085 - 0.010 = 0. O25 m eee -¥, 2 sVeaeeieapeaiae #8 -Vyr es Qs Be. (tonto Neem = PPISCHIO red = 482% « Gp * C7 *107@.025) Torque T, corned by elastic portion
32.987 Kip-in, Fartlly phate shebt pe = 0 TED (1-8) 47 + $e2597)= 19.062 prin e Makpn —e (eb) Fer yielding at point E, = ly , O= Cp, Te 43.982 kip-in, a= The : pa ices R= Moose 1.33383 in? Ce = 1.1006 in Dsing proportions free, the sketohi eal too, and] 3.108 Considering the partially plastic shat of Fig. 3.386, derive Eq, (3.32) by PROBLEM 3.105 recaling thatthe integral in Eq, 3.26) represents the second moment about the Faxis of the area under the rp curv. soLution % The stress is that shown on the fePh 7 1 Ts anf prtdp = anf pd = Art where dA = T dp and I= 2nd moment about As the t-avis. le—— C ——+ pais = eRQXQy ae A) RA : s ke} ok fee eamtie =3uc -feua's tue (spy$ Feu - Rup) = $4C(I- $8) Trarl » Bre(i- ¢&) Rea Hat Ty?Te etn 2 Brye-=tT Hone = T= $y (1 - $8)paomt ga cia 3.109 Using the stress-strain diagram shown, determine (a) the torque which causes 7 ‘amaximum shearing stress of 15 ksiin a 0.8-diameter solid rod, (B) the corresponding angle of twist in a 20-in. length of the rod. SOLUTION Ql Tne = IT si ©*£d = 0.400 in i From the stress-strain diagram Vour® 0.008 © tomoworoomooeoO 7 = Let ozs pat =€ vranl pre = ameter de = areer where He Wwhegra? I is given by T= S! ote ae Evaluate T using a methed of numentad integration. IP Siapson' pole is ose, the * igrection aunt ie eAreTion spsen's I+ owz*7 where w isa weighting Factor. Deing Az = 0.25, we get the vaPses giteh in the table befod z Y_ [SG ksi | 27%, ksi} ow | w2r7, Wei © {oe} o | oa | 1 | 0.00 0.25 | 0.002} 3 | 0.500 | 4 | 200 0.5 | oot] 12 | 3.000 | 2 | 6.00 0.75 | 0.00c] 4 za7s | 4 | 3Ls0 1,0 |0.008] Is | Is.000 | 1 | 15.00 54.50 <}— Fw2'e re Coasvisr.s0) eee @) T= antT= gn (o.too%(4s4) = 1.326 kip-in ~ ©) Yaae # 5 gr bye x (a2 y60.008) = 400 (0 rad = 22,4° = Note# Answers may aliPFer slighty due te differences oP opinion in reading the stress Strain curve.3.110 A holow shat of outer and iver diameters respectively equa to 0.6 i, and PROBLEM 3.110 (0.2 in. is fabricated from an aluminum alloy for which the stress-strain diagram is given inthe sketch, Determine the torque required to twist a 8-n, length ofthe shat through 10°, SOLUTION 7 = 10° = 174.93 10% rad std = O.l00in, C,=4d, = b.200in = 9® .@: seo KiT S31) _ 9 coss2 Tn . Se. (0. we Koart) oie vet z=L =k ae plea an pied = ane {ae de = aneet where the integral Tis given by T= Sh z?rde Evatste I using a method of numerical integnchon. IF Simpson's nove is used, He inden formu, is I- a Swe where w is a Do Factor, Using Azad we get the valves given in the table? beddw. z|7r kei | zest | w | w2*z bss Ws | 0.00144 | 3.0 | 0.84 1 | o.ge Wz | 0.00291 | to.0 250 | 4 | 10.00 2/3 | 0.00383} Us St 2 10,22 Sh | 0.00485 | 13.0 4.08 4] seu 1 | e.00882 | 4.0 | to V] tHt0° Mead wee Is (éeit71.2a) = 3.96 ksi T= amef T= 21(0.300)*(2.96) = 0,671 kip-in = 671 dein < Note? Answer may oiffer shghtd, due te chMerences of opinion i reading the stress-stain curve.3.111 A 50-mm-diametor cylinder is made of a brass for which the siress-strain diagram is as shown. Knowing that the angle of twist is 5° in a 725-mm length, Aetermine by approximate means the magnitude T of the torque applied to the shat. PROBLEM 3.111 SOLUTION 3: let 2-2X-£ ' T= 20 Spt dp = ancl 2°¢ de = ane where the integrad T is given by I=('2'tae ‘ qiven by EvaSuute I vein: ethod oF numerical integration. IF Simpson's role is used, Phe integvetion foemubar ig a nee Ie a Bwete where w isa weighting Factor, Using Az 70.25, we get the valves qiven in the tabPe below. Zw2'e = 283.75 10" T= O.251233.75 x10") 43,75 so" = 2.65x10% Pa, ail T=2me°T = 2a(o.oasl(ga.esnlot) = 2.42x/0" Nem = 182 kNem =SOLUTION Solve Prob. 3.111 using the relation, Eg. (3.2) and Eq. (3.26). 3.111 A 50-mm-diameter cylinder is made of « brass for which the stress-strain, PROBLEM 3.112 diagram is as shown, Knowing that the angle of twist is 5° in a 725-mm length, determine by approximate means the magnitude T of the torque applied to the sha ‘3112 Three points on the nonlinear stress-strain diagram used in Prob. 3.111 are (0.0), (0.0015,55MPe), and (0.003,80MPa). By fitting the polynomial r= 4 + By + CCP? throug these points the folowing approximate relation hasbeen obtained. £= 46.7 = 10" y- 6.67% 10" y PF Sz 87. UEMO md | Cxtde 0.025m, L= 0.725 m Tue? SE (oeakn.eno™) 3.009 x10" 0.725— te eee Ts ar SS piedp = ane? ( zt dz The giver stress strain curve ie = As B+ CYt= At BY + Chez” T= anc (" PCA+ Bbaez 4 CT 2) oz = arc? f Az de + BYmy S28 de + CTor Ci 2tdey amet § hs EB + ECT ae t Detar Axo, B=46.7¥10" | C= -6.67%10" 4A=0, 4BNy= 4 (46.7 110") 3.00710" Jeanne ORE = (6.67 x10") (2.00101" Js -12.08%107 T= an(o.cas\*) 0 4 35:13 "10% ~ 12,08x10°) = 2.26 x10 Nem = 226 Kiem =ePROBLEM 3.113, t cay} 25 mm Wm Undoading : At peso At px pr Residue: At pc 3.113 The sold circular drill rod 4B is made of a steel which is assumed to be elastoplstic with #,= 160 MPa and G=77 GPa. Knowing that a torque T= 5 kN-ma. is apie othe rod an then removed, determine the maximum eda shearing ‘stress in the rod. SOLUTION C= 0.025 m T= Hct = Flo.cas = 613.54 x10°7 m* The 16 = Ec*%, = F(0.032)'()60x10°) = 3.927% 107 Nem Loadin. Ts 6x1" Nem vr $e- 48) fio 4 SE sy Siero! Zaqiegs = 0.18029 Bs 0.5049, pp = 0.8090 = O.01PIR6I0'm = 14 12m vs TE where Ts SHI k New y's owoas) _ 613.54 Io" wf Soon 28) « SSSI KO 203.72 x10* Pa HS.08 x10 Pa Ts > Tn = TE" Treg > 1G0%L0% - 203.72%/0% = ~43.72¥ 10 Pq = -43.7 MPa Trg 10x10% = VIS.08 x JOS = 44.92 x 10% Pa = 44 MPO -_oa a 3.114 The solid circular shaft 48 is made of a steel which is assumed to be PROBLEM 3.114 elasoplastic with G~= 11.2 10° pa and r= 21 ksi. The torque Tis increased until the rads of the elastic core is 028 in. Determine the maximum residual shearing asin stress inthe shaft iter the torque T has been removed. = soLution 20.15% EONS 2 CFOin Pre ORSin BF aS at 2 & T=Bet= Flos y+ 0.49701 in” i Tes LE. MOND 2 I 916 kipnin At end of foading? Te $%C1- $&) = $03.10) -4GNl = 18,388 kip ca. The stresses ane oh oO ot p= fi = Ty = al i ot pz 0.25 in poe bes 21 ksi at p= 0.98 in, 075: Torque change . onfoading «T= ~ 18.383 Kiprin Stress changes during ondooding = = TP (ebastic) At po rs 0 At p=0.2cin v's WBBBBNOI) Lg. a5 ksi Ab p= O75 in zis Uesesrcem) _ 27.74 ksi Residued stresses ave found by adeling Ves = That — T" At p to Tras = O At P= O.25in Tey = 2I~ UIS = NTS Kes = At p= 0.75 in Tees = 21-2274 = -6.74 lest v <03.115 The hollow shaft 4B is made of a stel which is assumed to be elastoplastic with F,= 145 MPa and G~= 77 GPa, The magnitude 7 of the torque is slowly increased until the plastic zone first reaches the inner surface; the torque is then ‘removed, Determine (a) the maximum residual shearing stress, (b) the permanent angle of twist of the sha PROBLEM 3.115 SOLUTION inner vadion C,7 O,018m , ovter radios C= 0.080 m T= EG! -6')= F(o.ose'- 0.018") = 1OTYS ¥1O ont Loading: When py reuches inner surface, then Z> Ty oe 2 : Tri? an ptdp = ane fie Bz(a-c') = (14s sto*)( 0.080*- 0.018") = 6, 4285x/0% Nom % . 722 2g: 4%. 4% ot pre, Also F=#2 = gp: ae e $7 Heya HS*1) 2 29 a7 vISt pd * 7.498° “(oe Kio) * Unlouting! T2 GA285710% Mem Cefastic) av =45P : + ( 6.4285(0.0%0) _ “ Ap zg Cems nlo* = 174.1% 10° Po a 4, (44285 (0.018). ‘ AR psc, te 104.44 xJo* Pa. + (ADL _ | 6.4rardCnas ae Sauce . Gorer : i) FW Zax ved + -5.39 Residual: Tn = That ~ Pot Pras ~ 0 a) AY prc Tur N45 x1o* = 174,14 x18 = - 29.14 10° Par = = 221 MPa = AP PQ To ® 1¥g xto* = lot. dato = WO. S1 toe Pa, a 4o.5 MPa, = (be) Dye = 180-7710" = 94.23 10 36.54 2107 ved = 2.09° =3116 The solid sha shown a mado of tc! which assumed tobe clastopastic : eroeLe Sae. with 5)» 145 MPaand G= 77 GPa. The tor Tis incteased in magnitude until the ' ‘haf hasbeca wisted through 6° and thn removed. Determine (athe mage and oom, Jocatin ofthe manu resid shearing stress (8) the permanctanlof wit of 1 J the shaft. \ 5 SOLUTION Ce 0.0m = 6* = 104.7210 vad 16 + ni You 2-216 X04 72G 2 = o.0027985 j : . Z te Bs HEH = o.coises | thi Pew Ne 2 0.001883) _ | Cidtca a orooaTeas |e co ceanae = Fe%= Boo) = poaaay <0? mY T= SE = Fea» Floors (isso) + 932.98 nem Abend oF ooding Tra = $T:(1- 4A )= Sla22.98 \]I- $0.67039)] id ie = LVRS xJoF ie NO Unfoading? — ekastie Tis W148 SS «10% Nem |U - 4 Tle , 11985810" )(0.016 ) _ < At prc vs ¥ 124d = 178.52 Jo Pa 0 At Pp? pr © FS Be (17s. szeiot (0.6733)= 120.38<10 Pe, | Th, (119 8SSKIOF M06) _ Pape 1] 9 = | easter Kos) = 86,94 #10" reok = 0 Residud: Cig = Ta — 0! Pe = Tha — 9 At P= Tes = ISwIO*- 178,S2xlof = ~ 33.52%10" Pa if] = 33:5 MPa ~ ILS | At pe Tes 7 IS tO" - 120, 28>(08 = 24.681 x 108 G fr = 24 MPa = Prom = 09-72 US 86.94 110 miO* ad = 1.019% «3.113. The sold circular dil rod AB is made of a steel which is assumed to be PROBLEM 3.117 clastoplastic with *; = 160 MPa and G=77 GPa. Knowing that 2 torque 7= 5 kN-m {is applied to the rod nd then removed, determine the maximum residual shearing stress inthe rod. SOLUTION 4.117 In Prob. 3.113, determine the permanent angle of twist of the rod. From the solution +o PROBLEM 3.113 Cras m » Ts 618.89 Mm", Bs 0.5049, py 0.014123 m Sn -62. ge bY. Lh. Le APter touting Y= eee Pe! Pron + Gusenory = 14713 ped = 84,30° Doring onfondin > it (efastic) Sx]0* Ween ‘5 4 GT 1. ( Sxt0* C10) a = 60.64" 710" \CIS.S4H10 ieee tea g Permanent twist angle Prom = Prat ~-P 7 14713-10583 = 0.4180 ved > 23.79 oe 3.114 ‘The solid circular shaft AB is made of a steel which is assumed to be as lastoplastc with G= 11.2 10 psi ands; 21 ksi. The torque T is increased uni the radius ofthe elastic core is 0.25 in. Determine the maximum residual shearing stress inthe shaft afer the torque T has been removed. SOLUTION 4.118 In Prob 3.114, determie the permanent angle of twist ofthe shan From the Solution PROBLEM 3.114, @ = 0.95 in, T= 0.44701 in¥ After Jouding T= 18.383 kiprin, py? O4Sin , * : = ort. L& v2 Gz op - * AG Vhere L= Hin, By = QI ksi, .G =I, 2mlOf psi = M.2%10" psi MtNCQV) 3 ° Prout = @O@) = 18010 vad = 10.3) Unfonsting T= 18.383 Kip-in 7, TL . (19.393)ar) had = 4H! PSL *Cizmosvouaron ~ 726% eds 4 Permanant angle FP twist Pper® Prout - Der = 180 ¥J0%~ 79.26 x[0* = 100.74 xIo*nad = 5.7723.119 A torque T appliod to solid rod made ofan clatoplastic material is increased ‘unt the rod becomes fly plastic and then is removed. (a) Show tha the distribution PROBLEM 3.19 ofresdal steses is serene inthe fig. (0) Determine th maga of he . toned te aresesetngon te porton afte lcaed wine ccc frais oe soLuTion : % = Ary a i. -G i di 7 heading Unloading], Residual After bonding Py =O, Trae = $1 = SRO D 7 Ucn, Vnfoadting —t’= TS» A By + BCT - gy at pre te ate Residual - $a€ - 70-#) Te Rade, set Tu7O aud p> lo o- 1-H co $6 fe &) 7 a (Kot (1- $2) 4p = any (Eger) |” = emae “§ 4@7-@H@)4 = ante fz -BY- ALGO = 0.2207 Ge* «3.116 Theo in soi deo sel wich sored tote cto eee with t= 145 MPa and G= 77 GPa. The torque T is increased in magnitude until ‘fabs been wind trough anther removed. Descrmne () he magni a location ofthe maxinwum residual shearing sires, (b) the permanent angle of twist of | the sha 3.120 After the solid shaftof Prob. 3.116 has been loaded and unloaded as desorbed in that problem, a torque T , of sense opposite tothe original torque T is applied to the shaft Assuming no change in the value of ¢, determine the angle of twist for ‘which yield is initiated in this second loading and compare it withthe angle @ for SOLUTION ‘hich the shaft started to yield in the original loading. From the sodution to PROBLEM 3.116 C= 0.016m, L=0.6m Ty 2 IAS v1 Pay T= 102.944 115" mn! The residual stress at p=c is Tra * 83.5 MPa For Poading in the 9 eesite, sense, the shange in stress to produce’ reversed yielding 3 T= Te- Ue t WS «10% - 33.5% 10% = I S x10" Pa Te 2 TR, ogy x10 NS 210°) a dae Wet 0. ote = 717 Nm gle of oe (417. #10” ) (0.6) . “3 R= ag * GinotYrorswynet) = S43 107 vad = ane = 4

Mecanica Dos Solidos Exercicios Resolvidos by HUBERTT GRUN

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