S IN LI

I - CHT IN LI
Qu trnh in li cc cht trong nc ra ion l s in li. Nhng cht tan trong nc in li ra ion c gi l nhng cht in li. Vy axit, baz v mui l nhng cht in li. Axit Baz Mui

H+ ion kim loi (NH4+) ion kim loi (NH4+)

+ + +

gc axit OHgc axit

Ring oxit nu khng tan th khng phi l cht in li, nu tan s to ra axit hoc baz. V d : NaNO3, KCl, MgCl2. HCl, NaOH .... II. Phn loi cht in li

1. in li in li ca cht in li l t s gia s phn t phn li ra ion (n) v tng s phn t ho tan (no).

n no

- in li ca cc cht in li khc nhau nm trong khong 0 < a 1. - Khi mt cht c a = 0, qu trnh in li khng xy ra, l cht khng in li. - in li thng c biu din di dng phn trm. - Khi pha long, in li tng. Th d, trong dung dch CH3COOH 0,043M, c 100 phn t ho tan ch c 2 phn t in li ra ion, in li l :

2 = 0,02 hay 2% 100

2. Cht in li mnh v cht in li yu a) Cht in li mnh : Cht in li mnh l cht khi tan trong nc, cc phn t ho tan u in li ra ion. NaCl, KNO3, HCl, KOH ...) Vy cht in li mnh c = 1

b) Cht in li yu : Cht in li yu l cht khi tan trong nc ch c mt phn s phn t ho tan in li ra ion, phn cn li vn tn ti di dng phn t trong dung dch. Vy in li ca cht in li yu nm trong khong 0 < a < 1. Vd: CH3COOH, HClO, H2S, HF, H2SO3, H2CO3... ; cc baz yu, nh Bi(OH)3, Cr(OH)2 v.v... Trong phng trnh in li ca cht in li yu, ngi ta dng hai mi tn ngc chiu. Th d : 3) Cn bng in li CH3COOH H + CH3COO
+ -

[H ].[CH3COO ] K cb [CH3COOH]
- Hng s cn bng K ch ph thuc vo nhit . - Cn bng in li tun th theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng L Sacterlie