Cch bm cp mng

I.CP V U CP :

Cp mng CAT 5 UTP

u cp (Jack) RJ45 dnh cho cp UTP c im ca loi cp UTP nh sau:

trong li gm c 4 cp dy xon vi nhau theo tng cp. Mi cp dy c mu sc ring. Mt s nh sn xut cho mi dy mt mu. Nhng dy chuyn nghip ch c 4 cp mu. Bao gm 1 dy mu v mt dy trng sc mu . 4 cp dy xon nhau v 4 cp mu - Bn thn cc cp dy xon cng c thit k xon nhau ngay trong li nha ca dy. Bn trong li nha cn c cc si nilon trnh nhim in cho dy.

4 cp dy cng xon nhau trong li nha. - Chiu di gii hn ca cc dy khi tch xon l 2 - 5 cm. Nu vt qua di ny, d liu khng th truyn qua dy c. V vy, mt u cp c gi l ng quy cch khng bao gi cc cp dy nm ngoi bc nha qu 2 - 5cm. - Chiu di gii hn ca dy cp mng ni gia 2 thit b (PC, HUb, Switch,...) l 100 mt. Nu vt qu gii hn ny, d liu truyn i s b nhiu v mt. Tuy nhin, trong k thut, gii hn ny ch cho php l di 85 mt - Khi bo cua (men theo gc tng), gc gii hn ca dy cp phi t 90o tr ln. Nu gc cua qu hp, ta c th cun dy cp thnh vng trn ngay gc ri i tip. Nu dy cp b bo gc di 90o th d liu s b mt hoc nhiu trn ng dy Cc dng c cn thit bm u cp mng LAN: - Dao hoc dng c tut dy: loi ny hin nay bn ph bin VN. Loi dng c tut dy cn i km theo loi "nhn cp", rt hu ch khi lm l cm cp mng trn tng. Nu khng mua loi ny, cc bn vn c th dng dao tut cp v dng vt nhn cp.

Dao tut cp v nhn cp vo Rack ( cm trn tng) - Km bm cp: loi ny dng bm cc thanh ng nh nm trn u jack RJ45 (xem

hnh). Sau khi y dy cp vo u jack, ta dng km t u jack vo v bm cht cc thanh ng i xung, "cn" vo lp nha bao bc li ng ca cp. Cc thanh ng ny s l "cu ni" data t dy cp vo cc Pin trong rack (Rack l thit b female, chnh l port ca card mng, Hub, Switch ...)

u jack RJ45 ca cp mng. Du

chnh l cc thanh ng

Km bm cp mng. i khi khng c km, tui dng ba nh v thanh vt dp ng cho cc thanh ng cn xung nhng khng pro cht no. - My test cp: Nguyn l hot ng rt n gin, my s nh s th t cp t 1 n 8. Mi ln s bn tn hiu trn 1 pin. u recieve s sng n s th t tng ng. Nu bn ch bm cp vng vng nh th khi mua, nhn bng mt thng cng c. Cn nu mun mua cho pro th

My test cp: thit b pht, v thit b thu.

Chia "lp" (Layer) cho cc thit b mng: C th chia thnh 3 "lp" sau: - Layer 1: Hub, Repeater - Layer 2: Bridge, Switch. - Layer 3: Router, NIC (NIC chnh l card mng trn PC)

II/ Cc loi dy cp:

- Cp thng (Standard Cable 10baseT): loi ny l loi thng dng nht trong LAN bi v a s PC u ni vo Switch (v d my tim net). Dng ni cc thit b khc Layer vi nhau (v d PC vi Switch, PC vi Hub, hoc Switch vi Router ...). Khng th ni gia 2 thit b cng layer vi nhau c (v d khng th ni Switch - Switch hay PC - Router) - Cp cho (Cross-Over Cable): loi ny dng ni cc thit b cng loi, cng layer vi nhau. V d: PC - PC, Router - Router, Switch - Switch, PC - Router ... - Cp console: loi ny rt him khi dng, ch dnh cho cc loi router hay Switch ca cc hng ln nh Cisco. Sau lng Router Cisco c mt port gi l Console, khi cm dy ni Router vi PC, ngi ngi trn PC c th thit lp cu hnh Router thng qua Hyper Communication (trong Accessories). Ngy nay a s cc k s mng dng Telnet config router. Ch dng dy console trong ln u tin thi.

III /Cch bm cp:

u tin cn phi xc nh th t cc cng cp nh trong si cp mng. Theo quy nh chun th s th t cc cng cp phi i theo cp. V mu sc th khng c quy nh chun g ht bi v nh sn xut cp c th sn xut mu khc nhau. Nhng mi cp dy xon trong li cp s c nh s theo cp nh sau: * Cp dy 1 v 2 (rt quan trng) * Cp dy 3 v 6 (rt quan trng) * Cp dy 4 v 5 (khng cn thit) * Cp dy 7 v 8 (khng cn thit) S tham kho: tin cho vic nng cp v sa cha sau ny, nn dng loi cp ca cng nh sn xut ( c cng mu) v ghi nh s th t cc cp xon v mu sc ca chng. Sau ny s l im li ca bn v bn khng cn phi rt c 2 u cp ra so snh vi nhau na. Vic k tip, bn phi xc nh ng v tr pin ca Jack RJ45 v u Rack female. Vic ny rt d dng. Bn c th xem hnh.

Trc ht cn quan st k u Jack RJ45, nhn trong rut, ng vi mi thanh ng s c mt rnh nh. Trong u cp s c 8 rnh nh dnh cho 8 si cp nh. Khi xc nh pin nh hnh v trn, chng ta bt u t nhng si cp nh vo theo th t. (ch lm 1 u cp thi, u cn li s ty thuc vo loi cp ta s lm)

Bn lu l dy s 3 v dy s 6 l mt cp xon (trn hnh l dy mu xanh l cy v dy trng sc xanh l cy). Sau khi chc chn u cp tip xc vi thanh ng v chc chn v tr dy nm gn trong cc rnh nh, bn hy dng km bm cp bm c nh n lun. Okie, vy l xong mt u. u cp cn li s tu thuc vo 1 trong 2 loi cp "thng" hay cp "cho". S cp thng:

S cp cho:

Lu , trong s cp cho, u dy kia s o th t cp cp 1-2 v 3-6 Okie, vy l bn hon thnh 2 loi cp cn bn nht ca h thng LAN. Khi kim tra, bn ch vic cm 2 u cp ln, chng gn nhau v quan st mu v v tr ca chng. Nu c test cp bn s test nh sau: i vi cp thng: n chy gia u pht v u thu s ging nhau theo th t 1 - 2 - 3 6 - 4 - 5 - 7 - 8. i vi cp cho: n s pht theo tnh hiu nh sau: u pht ------------------ u thu

n 1 --------------------- n 3 n 2 --------------------- n 6 n 3 --------------------- n 1 n 6 --------------------- n 2 n 4 --------------------- n 4 n 5 --------------------- n 5 n 7 --------------------- n 7 n 8 --------------------- n 8 Ph Lc: A/ Cch bm cp Console - cheo: Th t cc cp cp s nh s th t 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 nm tun t, khng c cho gc g ht. Trong : 1-2 l mt cp dy xon, 3-4 l mt cp dy xon (khng phi 3-6 nh trn), tng t 5-6 v 7-8. Hai u cp s c v tr o ngc nhau nh sau 1 ------------- 8 2 ------------- 7 3 ------------- 6 4 ------------- 5 5 ------------- 4 6 ------------- 3 7 ------------- 2 8 ------------- 1 B/ Gi c cc dng c: - Cp :tu loi, gi dao ng t 1000 - 4000 / m - Jack RJ45 : giao ng t 500 / ci - 7000 / ci (loi tt nht) - Dao tut v cp v nhn cp: khong 15000 /ci - Km bm cp: khong 105.000 / ci. Vit Nam bn loi ca Trung Quc, c thm 1 l bm u jack RJ11 cho in thoi lun - My test cp: khong 10 - 15 USD / ci - Cp cun 300 m : khong 275.000 - 450000 / cun, thng

a ch ty chn. Cc bn c th n ca hng Tin Pht (ng t B Ht v Nguyn Tri Phng - Qun 10). Ch ny bn y linh kin v mng network. Gi r v l hng nhp t trung quc. Khng Bo Hnh . Nhng gi r gn 1/2 so vi bn ngoi. Bi vit ny s hng dn bn v mu sc cc cp dy ng trong 2 chun cp cng nh k thut bm cp ni 2 my vi tnh vi nhau, hoc ni my vi tnh vi hub. Trong mt dy cp t chun qui nh bao gm tm si dy ng trong mi hai si xon vi nhau thnh tng cp theo qui nh nu - trng nu, cam - trng cam - xanh l - trng xanh l, xanh dng - trng xanh dng v mt si dy km. Si dy km ny ch c chc nng

lm cho si dy cp chc chn hn, cc bn khng cn quan tm n n m ch cn quan tm n tm si dy ng m thi. Si dy cp ny s c ni vi mt u RJ45, nhim v ca cc bn l bm tm si dy ng ni trn vo cc im tip xc bng ng trong u RJ45 ny. lm c vic ny bn cn c mt ci km bm cp mng (km ny bn c th d dng tm thy trong cc ca hng tin hc ti cc thnh ph ln) v hiu c cc chun bm cp. Hin nay c hai chun bm cp l T568A v T568B, hai chun bm cp ny u do Intel qui nh. T568A: 1. Trng xanh l 2. Xanh l 3. Trng cam 4. Xanh dng 5. Trng xanh dng 6. Cam 7. Trng nu 8. Nu T568B: 1. Trng cam 2. Cam 3. Trng xanh l 4. Xanh dng 5. Trng xanh dng 6. Xanh l 7. Trng nu 8. Nu Nu cc bn mun bm mt si dy cp dng kt ni gia cc thit b cng loi, v d nh gia hai PC vi nhau hoc gia hai switch (hub) vi nhau, cc bn dng k thut bm cp cho (crossover cable). Mt u si cp cc bn bm chun T568A v u cn li cc bn bm chun T568B. Cn nu nh cc bn mun mt si dy cp dng kt ni cc thit b khc loi vi nhau v d nh t PC ni n switch (hub) hoc t switch (hub) ni n PC cc bn dung k thut bm cable thng (straight-through cable). Nu mt u si cp cc bn bm chun T568A th u cn li cng bm chun T568A, tng t nh vy nu mt u bn bm chun T568B th u cn li cc bn cng bm chun T568B. V y l cc bc thc hin: u tin cc bn ct b lp nha bo v c cc si dy ng (cc bn nn ct va cc si dy ng tip xc vi cc l ng trong u RJ45, nu ct di qu s rt d b t do u RJ45 khng bm chc vo si cp). Tip theo cc bn tho xon gia cc si dy ng, v tut lp nha bao quanh cc si ng. Bc tip theo cc bn ch cn a tng si dy ng c mu tng ng theo chun bm T568A hoc T568B t pin 1 n pin 8 (qui nh t tri qua phi). By gi cc bn ch vic a vo km bm rc l hon tt.