TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 10, SO 04 - 2007

PHN T TNG THCH HCT VI BI TON DAO NG RING CA

TM KIRCHHOFF
Nguyn Quang Tuyn
(1)
; Chu Quc Thng
(2)
; L Hoi Long
(1)

(1)Trng i hc Bch khoa, HQG-HCM
(2)Trng i hc Quc t, HQG-HCM
1. GII THIU
Cc tnh ton gii tch truyn thng a phn da trn l thuyt tm mng ca Kirchhoff vi
gi thuyt v mt trung bnh khng bin dng c pht trin d rt tt vi cc li gii ca
Ritz, Reyleigh, Navierdi dng chui nhng ch gii hn vi mt s iu kin bin nht nh
v phn ln ch dng gii tm ni lc m thi. i vi phn tch ng lc hc bi ton tm th
cc nghin cu gii tch da trn nh lut Newton, phng trnh cng ocn hn ch hn na
v kh khn ton hc. Mt s cc phng php xp x nh phng php bin phn,
Galerkincng c pht trin tuy nhin kt qu vn rt hn ch. Mt s cc kt qu c th tm
thy trong [5,11,13]. Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh my tnh hin nay, cc phng php
s nh phn t hu hn, phn t bin, phng php khng phn t (meshless) c nghin
cu p dng v cho kt qu rt tt. Cc kh khn v khi lng tnh ton nhiu c my tnh
vi tc v kh nng x l cao gii quyt. Trong tt c cc phng php s th phng php
phn t hu hn c th c coi nh mt cng c rt mnh gii quyt hu ht tt c cc bi
ton c hin nay c bit l bi ton tm.
Bi bo ny mun gii thiu ng dng mt phn t tng thch vo nghin cu ng lc hc
bi ton tm l phn t HCT, c xut bi ba tc gi l Hseigh Clough Tocher, tun
theo cc gi thit tm mng ca Kirchhoff. Phn t ny cng c Hng [9,10] v Dng [8]
nghin cu p dng tnh ton v nh gi sai s li gii ni lc cho bi tan tm v v.
Chng ti s trnh by cch xy dng ma trn khi lng ca phn t HCT v mt s cc v
d tnh ton, so snh vi mt s kt qu c hin nay nh gi hiu qu ca phn t ny
trong tnh ton ng lc hc kt cu tm.
2. PHN T HCT
Phn t ban u c 12 bc t do trn bin (Hnh 1), nhng vi nhng gi thit v bin i,
phn t HCT s gim xung cn 9 bc t do:
Hm chuyn v ca tng phn t c th c biu din qua cc bc t do ca nt v hm
dng: w = N.q (1)
vi: N : l ma trn hm dng; q : l vector chuyn v nt.


Hnh 1.Phn t tng thch HCT vi 12 bc t do.
(3)
(2)
(1) 2
3
0 1
3
2
1 0
3
2
1
4
n
w

,
_

5
n
w

,
_

6
n
w

,
_

4
n
w

,
_

y3
x3
y2
x2
y1
x1
i
k
j
Science & Technology Development, Vol 10, No.04 - 2007

Trong phn t, ngoi chuyn v ca cc gc w
i
cn c cc gc xoay ca mi gc phn t.

i
1
i
xi
w
y
w

vi i = 1, 2, 3 (2)

i
2
i
yi
w
x
w

(3)
Khng nhng th cn c gc xoay ti 3 nt gia cc cnh
4
,
5
,
6


i
n
i
i
w
n
w

,
_

vi i = 4, 5, 6 (4)
Chuyn v nt ca phn t by gi c biu din qua cc phn t con
w
(k)
(x,y) = N
(k)
(x,y).q
(k)
(5)
Chuyn v nt ca phn t con s 1
[ ]
T
4 0 y 0 x 0 3 y 3 x 3 2 y 2 x 2
) 1 (
w w w q (6)
q
(1)
l vector bao gm 10 thnh phn chuyn v, ta s dng hm a thc ni suy bc ba 10
thnh phn ca Lagrange [11] cho mt phn t con v c biu din trong h ta t nhin
( )
3 2 1
L , L , L L nh sau:
P w (7)
trong :
] L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L [
3 2 1 2
2
3 1
2
3 1
2
2 3
2
2 3
2
1 2
2
1
3
3
3
2
3
1
P
[ ]
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
T

i vi cc phn t con k = 1 3 th hm dng s c biu din ) L ( N . T (6) ta suy ra
vector chuyn v ton b cc nt q l:
[ ]
0 y 0 x 0 6 5 4 3 y 3 x 3 2 y 2 x 2 1 y 1 x 1
T
w | w w w q
[ ]
T
E
T
R
q q |
Chuyn v trong phn t con s 1 c biu din nh sau:
[ ]
1
]
1

E
R ) 1 (
0
) 1 (
e
) 1 ( ) 1 (
q
q
N N q N ) L ( w (8)
) (1
e
N va
) (1
0
N ln lt l cc hm dng i vi chuyn v nt bn ngoi v bn trong (nt 0).
Tng t nh trong (8), ta p dng cho hai phn t con 2 v 3, ta c mi lin h gia ton
b cc chuyn v l:

1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

E
R
) 3 (
0
) 3 (
e
) 2 (
0
) 2 (
e
) 1 (
0
) 1 (
e
) 3 (
) 2 (
) 1 (
q
q
N N
N N
N N
w
w
w
(9)
2.1 Ma trn cng
[ ] [ ][ ]
( )
[ ] [ ][ ]
( )


m
e
m
e
A
T
V
T m
e
dA B H B dV B D B k (10)
trong : m l s phn t con, m = 1, 2, 3.
TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 10, SO 04 - 2007

v [ ]
1
1
1
1
]
1

2
1
0 0
0 1
0 1
) 1 ( 12
Et
H
2
3
; ] N )[ ( ] B [
2.2 Ma trn khi lng phn t
[ ] [ ]
( )

1
1
]
1

,
_

+
m
e
A
j
i
j
i
1
T
0
m
e
dA
y
N
y
N
x
N
x
N
I N N I m (11)
trong : m l s phn t con. m = 1, 2, 3; I
0
, I
1
l momen qun tnh ca khi lng.
t dz I
2 t
2 t
0
.

;
12
t
dz z I
3 2 t
2 t
2
1
.

(11
*
)
l khi lng ring ca vt liu lm tm.
2.3 Ghp ni v loi b nt gia ca phn t
y, trong (9) biu din cc thnh phn chuyn v bc ba ca 3 phn t con. By gi chng
ta xt 2 phn t k nhau c chung giao tuyn. Dc theo cnh 02 ca phn t con s 1 v 3 trong
Hnh 1, chuyn v ng duy nht c biu din bng cc gi tr chuyn v nt ti 0 v 2 nhng
cc dc php tuyn l khc nhau gia hai nt. Tht vy, (5) khng din t c min chuyn
v tng thch bn trong phn t. a vo cc im i, j, k ti trung im ca cc giao tuyn ca
cc phn t con. Bng cch ly vi phn w
(1)
ca (8) th dc php tuyn hng ra pha ngoi l:
[ ]
1
]
1

E
R ) 1 (
0
) 1 (
k
k
) 1 (
n
q
q
B B w
T nhng iu kin lin tc ti cc nt i, j, k:
k , j , i
) 3 (
n
k , j , i
) 1 (
n
w w (12)
Chng ta thit lp cc ma trn theo nhng iu kin tng thch nh sau:
0
q
q
B B | B B
B B | B B
B B | B B
E
R
) 3 (
j , 0
) 2 (
j , 0
) 3 (
j
) 2 (
j
) 2 (
i , 0
) 1 (
i , 0
) 2 (
i
) 1 (
i
) 3 (
k , 0
) 1 (
k , 0
) 3 (
k
) 1 (
k

1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

+ +
+ +
+ +
(13)
V vy:

R R
1
0 E
Cq Bq B q

(14)
Bng cch thay (14) vo trong (9), ta c c hm chuyn v nh sau:

R
3
0
3
e
2
0
2
e
1
0
1
e
3
2
1
q
C N N
C N N
C N N
w
w
w

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) (
) (
) (
(15)
Ma trn cng ca phn t c c bng cch ly tng cng ca 3 phn t con. Tip
theo s dng s c c tnh (static condensation) gim cc bc t do bn trong phn t. v s
dng iu kin nng lng ton phn dng tm c ma trn cng phn t. Cc th tc nu
trn c th tm thy c trong [8].
Ma trn khi lng m ca phn t c thit lp theo trnh t nh trn, nh sau:
Science & Technology Development, Vol 10, No.04 - 2007

3
1 i
) i (
m m (16)

1
]
1

EE ER
RE RR
m m
m m
m
Trong ch s R v E trong cc ma trn ln lt dng quy nh cho cc thnh phn ca
phn t tam gic tng ng vi cc bc t do ca cc nt 1,2,3,4,5,6 v cc bc t do bn trong
nt 0 m c gin lc.
Vi mt phn t, ng nng T
e
c th c tnh nh sau:
{ } { }

e
V
e
T
e e
dV w w
2
1
T & & (17)
M nh ta bit, do chuyn v l hm thi gian, cc im ca phn t chuyn ng vi vn
tc bng o hm bc nht ca chuyn v theo thi gian t:
{ } [ ]{ }
e
e
q N w & &
y, { }
e
q& l vector vn tc ca cc im nt ca phn t.
Suy ra:
{ } [ ] [ ] { } { } { }
e
T
e e
V
T T
e
e
q m q
2
1
q dV N N q
2
1
T
e
& & & &

,
_

[ ] [ ]
1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

R
R
EE ER
RE RR T T
R
T
R
E
R
EE ER
RE RR T
E
T
R
q C
q
m m
m m
C q q
2
1
q
q
m m
m m
q q
2
1
&
&
& &
&
&
& &
( )
R EE
T
RE ER
T
RR
T
R
q C m C C m m C m q
2
1
& & + + +
Trong :
C m C C m m C m m
EE
T
RE ER
T
RR e
+ + + (18)
Thc t thy rng, phn tch cc nt gia cnh 4,5,6 l phc tp. Tuy nhin, nu dc php
tuyn thay i tuyn tnh dc theo cnh th nt ti gia cnh c b i v coi gc xoay ti nt
gia l trung bnh cng ca cc gc xoay ti nt i v nt j:

ij
yj yi
ij
xj xi
ij yk ij xk k
sin
2
cos
2
sin cos

,
_

+
+

,
_

+
+ (19)
vi k = 4, 5, 6 v
ij
l gc gia cc cnh ij = 23, 31, 12
Lc ny phn t HCT ch cn li 9 bc t do (thay v 12) nhng hon ton tng thch vi s
rng buc v dc php tuyn tuyn tnh khc dc theo cc cnh bin (Hnh 2).
TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 10, SO 04 - 2007



Hnh 2. Phn t HCT sau khi gin lc
3. V D TNH TON
3.1 Phn t HCT v mt s phn t khc
Xem xt hai bn vung lm bng vt liu ng hng c cc thng s nh sau: kch thc: a
= 4 m; chiu dy bn: h = 0.1 m; module n hi: E = 2.531110
9
Kg/m
2
; h s Poison: = 0.2;
khi lng ring: = 244.8 kg/m
3
vi cc iu kin bin nh Hnh 3, 4.
Chng ta s xem xt cc gi tr tn s vng ca tm trong 2 mode u tin. Cc kt qu ca
phn t HCT s c so snh vi cc kt qu ca phn mm Sap2000 s dng phn t thin-plate.
Ngoi ra y cn so snh vi mt kt qu nghin cu trc y trong [14]. Phn ny mt li
chia duy nht c s dng l li 10x10 (i vi HCT l 2x(10x10) nh Hnh 5). Cc kt qu t
cc phn t khc nhau s c so snh vi li gii gii tch (chnh xc) trong [5].





a
a

a
a

Hnh 3.Tm bn cnh ta n Hnh 4.Tm ba cnh ta v mt cnh ngm


2
1
4
n
w

,
_

5
n
w

,
_

6
n
w

,
_

y3
x3
y2
x2
y1
x1
3
2
1
y3
x3
y2
x2
y1
x1
Science & Technology Development, Vol 10, No.04 - 2007


Hnh 5.Mode shape ca w
11
v li chia 2x(10x10) ca phn t HCT (bn cnh ta)
C th thy rng,phn t HCT cho kt qu kh tt. So vi hai phn t cng tun theo l
thuyt Kirchhoff l phn t s 1 v 2 cn cho kt qa tt hn.
Bn cnh ta
0.20
0.35
0.50
0.65
0.80
0.95
1.10
1.25
w11 w12=w21
Loi tn s
S
a
i

s

(
%
)

Ba ta - mt ngm
0.60
0.75
0.90
1.05
1.20
1.35
1.50
1.65
w11 w12
Loi tn s
S
a
i

s

(
%
)

Hng[14]
Sap2000 thin-plate
Phn t HCT

Hnh 6.Sai s % ca cc phn t so vi li gii chnh xc [5]

Bng 1.Sai s (%) tn s ca cc phn t trong 2 mode dao ng u tin so vi [5]
Bn cnh ta n Ba cnh ta, mt cnh ngm
ST
T
Cc loi phn t
w
11
w
12
= w
21
w
11
w
12

1 Hng[14] 0,539 0,880 0,671 1,098
2 SAP2000 0,736 1,188 0,936 1,510
3 Phn t HCT 0,334 0,859 0,657 1,078
v hi t ca li gii s dng phn t HCT
S dng li cc c trng vt liu nh trn tnh ton. mn li chia c thay i nh
sau: 2x2, 4x4, 8x8, 10x10, 16x16 ( y ghi tt v phn t HCT li chia tht s l 2x()) v
cng so snh vi li gii gii tch di dng sai s %. Ch kho st vi mode dao ng u tin
w
11
. Li gii chnh xc cho trong [5] cho mode ny i vi tm bn cnh ta l 116.87 rad/sec v
cho ba cnh ta mt cnh ngm l 140.03 rad/sec. Cc kt qu tnh ton c trnh by Hnh
7 v lit k trong Bng 2.
TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 10, SO 04 - 2007

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
Luoi chia
T
a
n

s
o

(
r
a
d
/
s
e
c
)
Phan tu HCT
Sap 2000-Thin plate
Giai tich

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
Luoi chia
T
a
n

s
o

(
r
a
d
/
s
e
c
)
Phan tu HCT
Sap 2000-Thin plate
Giai tich

a) b)
Hnh 7. hi t ca phn t HCT (a: bn cnh ta; b: ba ta mt ngm)
Ta thy li gii ca phn t HCT hi t rt nhanh. hi t n li gii chnh xc khi mn
li tng ln ca HCT l rt tt. ch cn li chia th 2x(4x4) l sai s gia li gii HCT so vi
gii tch di 2.5% v khi n li chia 2x(8x8) th sai s ny ch cn khong 1%.
Bng 2. Tn s dao ng mode u tin vi cc li chia phn t (rad/sec) (tm bn cnh ta)
Loi phn t
2x2 4x4 8x8 10x10 16x16
SAP2000 - Thin-plate 96,36 111,44 115,52 116,02 116,54
Phn t HCT li chia 2x() 129,17 119,71 118,09 117,27 117,23
Bng 2(tt). Tn s dao ng mode u tin vi cc li chia phn t (rad/sec)
(tm ba ta mt ngm).
Loi phn t
2x2 4x4 8x8 10x10 16x16
SAP2000 - Thin-plate 110,291 132,216 138,001 138,720 139,50
Phn t HCT li chia 2x() 168,284 146,675 141,544 140,952 140,323
hi t ca phn t trong Sap2000 cng rt nhanh nhng hi km hn mt cht so vi ca
HCT. Mt c bit na l HCT tm n li gii chnh xc nh mt cn trn cn Sap2000 thin-
plate th nh mt cn di. Ta c th s dng phn t ny trong bi ton i ngu.
3.2 Kho st mt li chia s dng phn t HCT
Ta kho st thm mt trng hp na vi tm ch nht kch thc 6mx4m. Cc c trng vt
liu vn gi nguyn. Cc li chia phn t khc nhau c s dng rt ra mt t l li chia
thch hp vi phn t HCT. Cc sai s ca cc li chia ca mode dao ng u tin (so vi [5])
c trnh by trong Bng 3 v th hin trn Hnh 8.
Science & Technology Development, Vol 10, No.04 - 2007

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4x2 4x6 6x4 8x4 8x5 10x5 8x8 10x8 12x8 12x10 15x10 20x10
L i chia pha n t
S
a
i

s
o

(
%
)

Hnh 8.Sai s (%) so vi li gii chnh xc ca cc li chia khc nhau.
Bng 3.Sai s (%) so vi li gii chnh xc ca cc li chia khc nhau (tm ch nht).
Li chia
4x2 4x6 6x4 8x4 8x5 10x5
Sai s (%)
6,672 4,061 1,774 1,549 1,034 0,968
Li chia
8x8 10x8 12x8 12x10 15x10 20x10
Sai s (%)
0,876 0,531 0,399 0,35 0,241 0,211
Theo kt qu kho st ta thy, c th t c mt sai s xp x 1% th ch cn s dng
li chia 2x(8x8) v ch cn tng mn li n li chia c t l chiu di gia hai im chia
trn cnh tm v chiu di tm ca hai cnh l 1/10 th li gii t c tng i n nh vi
sai s 1%.
4. KT LUN
Bi bo ny ra c cch xy dng ma trn khi lng m ca phn t HCT v ng
dng vo phn tch dao ng ring bi ton tm.
S dng phn t HCT cho cc kt qu tt, li gii s gn nh st vi li gii chnh xc khi
li chia cn kh th. c bit khi so snh vi phn t c s dng trong phn mm rt thng
dng hin nay Vit Nam l Sap2000 phn tch ng lc hc bi ton tm mng cho kt
qu tng i tt hn. HCT cho kt qu hi t rt nhanh, s bc t do ca phn t ny cng t,
do nu s dng phn t ny phn tch s khng cn chia li mn v c th rt ngn c
thi gian tnh ton. Mt xut khi s dng phn t ny l ch cn s dng li chia c t l
chiu di gia hai im chia trn cnh tm v chiu di tm l 1/10 c kt qu gn chnh xc
vi sai s nh hn 1,5% cho 2 mode dao ng u tin nh kho st.
c im hi t ca li gii nh mt cn trn cho bi ton dao ng ca phn t HCT l mt
c trng c th ng dng vo loi bi ton phn tch i ngu (duality).
Tuy nhin trong khun kh mt bi bo, bi nghin cu ny mi ch phn tch bi ton dao
ng ring khng xt n h s nht. Cc vn dao ng khc ca bi ton dao ng nh dao
ng c cn, dao ng vi lc kch thch hi vng s c trnh by trong cc nghin cu tip
theo. Phn tch dao ng bi ton v mng l nhng pht trin m cc tc gi ang thc hin.
Mt hng pht trin tng lai na l vn dng l thuyt tm dy ca Mindlin vo loi
phn t ny cng l nhng nghin cu kh th v.
TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 10, SO 04 - 2007

TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. A. J. M. Ferreira, C. M. C. Roque et all, Analysis of Thin Isotropic Rectagular and
Circular Plates with Multiquadrics, Strength of Materials, Vol. 37, No. 2, (2005)
[2]. Ansel C. Ugural, Stresses in Plates and Shell (Second Edition), New Jersey Institute of
Texhnology McGraw-Hill Inc (1999)
[3]. Chu Quc Thng, Phng php phn t hu hn, NXB KHKT (1997)
[4]. Clough, R.W and C.A Felippa, A Refined Quadrilateral Element for the Analysis of
Plate Bending, Pro. Of the Second Conf. on Matrix Methods in Structural Mechanics,
Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, (10/1968)
[5]. Eduard Ventsel and Theodor Krauthammer, Thin Plates and Shells: Theory, Analysis,
and Applications, Marcel Dekker, (2001)
[6]. Hutton, Fundamental of Finite Element Analysis, McGraw-Hill, (2004)
[7]. J. H. Argyris, Energy Theorems of Structural Analysis, Aircraft Engineering, Vol.
26,pp. 347-356 and 383-387 (1954)
[8]. Nguyn Ngc Dng, Conforming Model And Error Estimation FEM for Plate Bending
and Thin Shell Structures, Master thesis of EMMC 9, (10/2005)
[9]. Nguyn Xun Hng, Ladeveze-type compatibily error assessment for plate bending,
Master thesis of EU-EMMC, H Bch Khoa TPHCM (02/2003)
[10]. Nguyn Xun Hng, The equilibrium element finite model and error estimation for plate
bending, Int Congress Engineering Mechanics Today, Ho Chi Minh City, (8/2004)
[11]. O.C.Zienkiewicz, CBE, FRS, FREng and R.T. Taylor, The Finite Element Method,
MPG Books Ltd, (2000)
[12]. R. L.Taylor, S. Govindjee, Solution of clamped rectangular plate problem, UCB/SEMM
(9/2002)
[13]. S. Timoshenko and S. Woinowsky-Krieger, Theory of Plates and Shells, Mcgraw-Hill,
New York, (1959)
[14]. Trn Quc Hng, Kho st nh hng ca iu kin bin, dy, t l cc cnh n
c trng ng lc hc ca tm ch nht, Lun vn thc s H Bch Khoa TPHCM,
(2001)