Trng HSP Tp.

HCM
Khoa Ton Tin
H v tn: V Thanh Hi
MSSV: K34.101.021
Lp: Ton 4A
Nm hc: 2011 2012.
Bi ton: Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn (O). Gi dA, dB, dC, dD ln lt l bn ng
Simson ng vi cc im A, B, C, D v cc tam gic BCD, CDA, DAB, ABC. Chng minh
rng: dA, dB, dC, dD ng qui.
chng minh bi ton ny ta chng minh cc b sau:
B 1: Cho tam gic ABC c M l trung im ca BC. Gi O, H theo th t l tm ng
trn ngoi tip v trc tm ca tam gic ABC. Khi ta c:

1.

2.
Chng minh:

1. Gi D l giao im ca AH vi BC. V M l trung im ca BC nn M chnh l hnh chiu

ca O trn BC.

t
Khi khi chiu

theo phng AH xung BC ta c:

)
ChAHBC( ) = ChAHBC(
= ChAHBC( ) + ChAHBC( ) + ChAHBC( ) ChAHBC( )
= + +
= +
= ( V M l trung im ca BC)
Suy ra:

(1)

Chng minh tng t ta c

T (1) v (2) suy ra:

Tc l

(2)


2. Theo (1) ta c

( V M l trung im ca BC).
B 2: Vi mi im P nm trn ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC th ng thng
Simson dP ca im P i vi tam gic ABC i qua trung im ca on thng PH, y H l
trc tm ca tam gic ABC.
Chng minh:
Cch 1: ( Da vo tnh cht ca ng thng Steiner)
Theo bi tp 10 (phn gc nh hng) ta bit rng: ng thng Steiner ca im P i vi
tam gic ABC lun i qua trc tm H ca tam gic ABC. Do ng thng Simson ca im
P i vi tam gic ABC song song vi ng thng Steiner v i qua trung im ca on
thng PH.
Cch 2: (Chng minh trc tip)

V dy cung PQ BC.
Gi H, P ln lt l cc im i xng ca H, P qua BC. Khi H(ABC)
* Ta chng minh AQ//PH:
Ta c: (AH;AQ) = (PH;PQ) (T gic AHQP ni tip)
= -(PH;PQ) ( do php i xng qua trc BC)
= (PQ;PH)
= (AH;PH) (Do AH// PQ)
Suy ra: AQ//PH.
(1)

* Ta chng minh AQ//dP:

t M=ACPQ
Trong tam gic MPC v PB AC; CA PM. Khi dPAB.
Ta c AM = CM.|cosM|; BM= PM.|cosM|

nn t suy ra MPC ng dng vi MBA.

M
(MB;AB) = (PC;PM)
(2)
Mt khc ta c: (PC;PM) = (AC;AQ) ( cng chn cung CQ)
= (MB;AQ)
(3)
T (2) v (3) suy ra: (MB;AB) = (MB;AQ)
AB//AQ iu ny c ngha l dP//AQ
(4)
T (1) v (4) ta suy ra dP//PH.
* Chng minh dP (hay AB) qua trung im ca PH:
Trong tam gic PPH c AB//PH v AP = AP nn AB l ng trung bnh ca tam gic
PPH, do AB i qua trung im ca on thng PH.
B 3: Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn (O). Gi Ha, Hb, Hc, Hd ln lt l trc tm
ca cc tam gic BCD, CDA, DAB, ABC. Khi cc on thng AHa, BHb, CHc, DHd c cng
trung im.
Chng minh:
Cch 1:
Gi Ia , Ib, Ic, Id theo th t l trung im ca on thng AHa, BHb, CHc, DHd.
Theo b 1 ta c:

Chng minh tng t ta s c:

(2)

(3)

(4)

T (1) (2) (3) (4) suy ra cc im Ia, Ib, Ic, Id trng nhau.
Cch 2: (Hnh v)
Gi M l trung im ca AB.

Trong ABC ta c:

(B 1)

(B 1)

Trong ABD ta c:

(1)


T suy ra
Suy ra t gic CDHcHd l hnh bnh hnh.
Trung im ca CHc v DHd trng nhau.
Chng minh tng t ta s c trung im ca cc on thng AHa, BHb, CHc, DHd
trng nhau.

* Chng minh bi ton:

Theo b 2 ta c cc ng thng Simson dA, dB, dC, dD ln lt i qua trung im cc on
thng AHa, BHb, CHc, DHd. Theo b 3 th cc trung im ny trng nhau nn t ta suy ra
cc ng thng Simson dA, dB, dC, dD ng qui. (pcm)