KT QU NGHIN CU V NG DNG

TNH TON TM CHU UN LM BNG VT LIU C C TNH BIN THIN

Nguyn Th Bch Phng1, Trn Minh T2, Phm Th Thu Hin3 Tm tt: Bi bo nghin cu ng x tnh ca tm ch nht ta khp trn chu vi lm bng vt liu c c tnh bin thin, chu tc dng ca ti trng vung gc vi mt trung bnh. M un n hi ko ca vt liu bin i lin tc theo chiu dy tm v gi thit di dng hm m, h s Poisson l hng s theo chiu dy. L thuyt tm c in ca Kirchhoff-Love c s dng tm nghim gii tch ca vng v ng sut trong tm. Kt qu s cho thy s tng ng vi kt qu ca tm ng hng khi a v trng hp ring. Cc nh hng ca t l th tch vt liu, t s cc m un n hi ko nn ca vt liu thnh phn c kho st v so snh vi kt qu tnh theo phng php phn t hu hn cng b trn cc tp ch c uy tn. T kha: vt liu chc nng, vt liu c c tnh bin thin, l thuyt tm c in, tm ch nht chu un Summary: In this paper, the static response is presented for a simply supported functionally graded rectangular plate subjected to a transverse uniform load. The Youngs module of FGM plate vary continuously throughout the thickness direction according to the volume fraction of constituents defined by power-law, the Poissons ratios are assumed to be constant. The analytical solutions are obtained based on Kirchhoff-Love classical plate theory. The numerical illustrations show good agreements with results of isotropic plate in special cases. The influences of volume fraction distributions, Ec/Em ratio are investigated and compared with finite element results. Keywords: functionally graded materials, classical plate theory, bending of rectangular plates
Nhn ngy 06/7/2012, chnh sa ngy 25/7/2012, chp nhn ng 30/8/2012

1. M u Vt liu composite truyn thng cu to t hai loi vt liu khc nhau c s dng rng ri do nhng c tnh ni tri so vi cc vt liu truyn thng. Tuy nhin, ti b mt tip xc gia hai lp vt liu c s khng lin tc v ng sut. c bit trong mi trng nhit cao, s chnh lch ln gia cc hng s gin n nhit ca cc vt liu s gy ra ng sut d ln; trong vt liu composite s xut hin vt nt, s bong tch. Vt liu c c tnh bin thin cn gi l vt liu bin i chc nng (Functionaly Graded Materials - FGM) c mt nhm cc nh khoa hc Nht Bn pht minh ln u tin vo nm 1984 khc phc nhng hn ch . Vt liu c c tnh bin thin l mt loi composite th h mi vi chc nng c bin i theo chiu dy kt cu ph hp vi cc yu cu c th ca ngi s dng. c tnh khng
1 2

ThS, Khoa Xy dng DD&CN, Trng i hc Xy dng. PGS.TS, Khoa Xy dng DD&CN, Trng i hc Xy dng. E-mail: tpnt2002@yahoo.com 3 KS, Khoa Xy dng, Trng i hc Thy li.

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nhit ni bt ca loi vt liu ny l l do la chn s dng trong nhng kt cu lm vic nhit cao, chu s truyn nhit ln nh cc thit b trong ngnh luyn kim, trong l phn ng nh my in nguyn t, trong ngnh hng khng dn dng v cng nghip v tr Mt trong nhng loi vt liu c c tnh bin thin thng dng nht l vt liu c cc thnh phn cu thnh bin i trn t ceramic chu la sang kim loi. Ceramic trong vt liu FGM s cung cp tnh khng nhit v bo v kim loi khi b xi ha. Hn hp ceramic v kim loi vi t l th tch bin i trn c th d dng ch to. Nhiu nghin cu v phn tch ng x c hc ca tm v v lm t vt liu FGM c cng b trong nhng nm gn y. Reddy [1] phn tch ng x tnh ca tm FGM vi li gii gii tch theo l thuyt chuyn v bc nht v bc cao. Da vo l thuyt tm bc nht, Chi v Chung [4] xy dng li gii gii tch cho tm ch nht FGM, bn bin ta khp chu un di tc dng ca ti trng ngang phn b u. M hnh phn t hu hn theo m hnh tm mng cng c He v cng s [5] xy dng nghin cu iu khin dao ng ca tm FGM vi cm bin v kch ng p in. Praveen v Reddy [6] kho st ng x tnh v ng ca tm FGM thp-gm s dng phng php PTHH, c k n bin dng ct ngang, m men qun tnh. Woo v Megiud [7] s dng l thuyt Von-Karman cho bin dng ln tm li gii gii tch cho tm v v chu tc dng ca ti trng c hc v nhit . Vi l thuyt bc nht ci tin, Zenkour [8] phn tch cc nh hng ca cc thng s kch thc, vt liu tm n vng v ng sut trong tm theo nghim Navier. Ganapathi v cng s gn y cng pht trin li gii phn t hu hn khi nghin cu ng x tnh v ng ca tm FGM c chiu dy trung bnh. Vit Nam, trong nhng nm gn y nhng nghin cu v vt liu FGM bt u c nghin cu. Cc cng trnh ca o Vn Dng, o Huy Bch, Hong Vn Tng[10-12] c cng b trn cc tp ch chuyn ngnh trong v ngoi nc. Vi mc ch cung cp thm mt ngun tham kho vi cch tip cn n gin nht cho ngi s dng, bi bo ny s kho st trng chuyn v v ng sut trong tm ch nht FGM chu un bng nghim Navier. L thuyt tm c in ca Kirchfoff-Love vi gi thit mt trung bnh khng b gin khi bin dng c cc tc gi s dng c li gii n gin, d kim chng. 2. M hnh tm FGM Xt tm ch nht n hi: Mt phng trung bnh tm l mt phng xy, phng chiu dy l z. Cc hng s vt liu (m un n hi ko (nn) E, h s Poisson v) bin thin trn theo chiu dy vi qui lut cho trc, c ngha l E=E(z), v=v (z). Hm c trng cho cc hng s vt liu tm FGM gi thit di dng [4]:

V ( z ) = (Vc Vm ) g ( z ) + Vm

(1a)

trong : Vc l hng s vt liu ca vt liu mt trn tm (+h/2); Vm l hng s vt liu ca vt liu mt di tm (-h/2); V(z) l hng s vt liu ca vt liu ti ta z bt k; g(z) l hm t l th tch (volume fraction). Qui lut phn b ca hm t l th tch l c s phn loi vt liu FGM. Vt liu (PFGM), khi g(z) thay i theo qui lut hm ly tha; vt liu (E-FGM), khi g(z) thay i theo qui lut hm e-m; vt liu (S-FGM), khi g(z) thay i theo qui lut hm [4]. Nhiu nghin cu ch ra rng, nh hng ca h s Poisson n bin dng ca tm b hn nhiu so vi m un n hi ko (nn), v vy c th gi thit h s Poisson l hng s theo chiu dy tm.

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KT QU NGHIN CU V NG DNG
2.1 Tnh cht vt liu ca tm P-FGM Trong nghin cu ny, t l th tch ca tm P-FGM gi thit tun theo qui lut ly tha (power-law) [5]:
g ( z) =

z 1 + h 2

(1)

trong : p l tham s vt liu (ch s t l th tch); h l chiu dy tm. Tnh cht vt liu (m un n hi ko nn) c nh ngha di dng [5]:

E ( z ) = ( Ec Em )Vc + Em

(2)

vi Em l m un n hi ko (nn) ca vt liu mt di (z = - h/2) v Ec l m un n hi ko (nn) ca vt liu mt trn (z = h/2). Bin thin ca m un n hi theo phng chiu dy biu din trn hnh 2, cho thy m un n hi tng nhanh ti v tr gn b mt trn ca tm khi p>1 v gn b mt di khi p<1 (Ec = 380GPa; Em = 70GPa).

Hnh 1. Tm ch nht bng vt liu c c tnh bin thin (FGM)

400

350

p = 0.1 p = 0.2 p = 0.5 p=1

300 Modul Young [GPa]

250

200

p=5 p=2 p = 10

150

100

50 -0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

z/h

Hnh 2. Bin thin ca m un n hi ko (nn) trong tm FGM

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2.2 Phng trnh quan h ca tm ch nht FGM 2.2.1 Trng ng sut trong tm FGM Xt tm ch nht FGM mng, n hi, tuyn tnh, chu tc dng ca ti trng vung gc vi mt trung bnh. Chiu dy tm khng i, vi gi thit Kirchhoff: on thng php tuyn trc v sau bin dng vn thng v vung gc vi mt trung bnh, di khng i; mt trung bnh khng b gin, chuyn v ca im bt k trong tm c gi thit di dng sau [3]:

u ( x, y , z ) = z

w0 w0 ; v ( x, y , z ) = z ; w( x, y , z ) = wo ( x, y ) x y

(3)

trong : w0 ( x, y ) l chuyn v theo phng chiu dy ca im trn mt trung bnh. Vi gi thit bin dng b, trng bin dng biu din di dng sau:

2 w0 2 w0 2 w0 u u v v = z ; ; 2 = = z = + = z y xy x x 2 y y 2 y x xy z = xz = yz = 0

x =

(4)

p dng nh lut Hooke cho trng thi ng sut phng:

x =

E( z) 1 ( z ) 2

2w 2w E ( z) z 20 + ( z ) 20 ; y = y 1 ( z ) 2 x

2w 2w z 20 + ( z ) 20 x y
(5)

xy =

E ( z ) 2 w0 z 1 + ( z ) xy

2.2.2 Phng trnh cn bng ca tm FGM Tch phn cc thnh phn ng sut dc theo chiu dy tm, ta nhn c cc m men un:

M x h /2 xx M y = yy zdz h /2 M xy xy
Thay biu thc (5) vo (6), ta nhn c cc m men ni lc di dng ma trn:

(6)

M x C11 C12 M y = C12 C11 0 0 M xy

2 w0 2 x 0 2 w0 0 y 2 C66 2 w0 2 xy
h /2 h /2

(7)

trong : cc h s Cij l tch phn ca cc hng s vt liu ca vt liu tm FGM

z 2 E( z) z 2 E ( z ) ( z ) z 2 E ( z ) 1 ( z ) = = C11 = dz C dz C ; ; 12 66 dz 2 2 2 2 h /2 1 ( z ) h /2 1 ( z ) h /2 1 ( z )
h /2

(8)

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Phng trnh cn bng ca tm di tc dng ca ti trng phn b vung gc vi mt trung bnh c dng [3]:

2 M xy 2 M y 2M x +2 + = p ( x, y ) xy x 2 y 2

(9)

Biu din m men un ni lc theo (8), thay vo (9), ta nhn c phng trnh cn bng theo chuyn v:

C11

4w 4w 4w + (2 C + 4 C ) + C = p ( x, y ) 12 66 11 x 4 x 2y 2 y 4

(10)

3. Li gii Navier cho tm ch nht FGM ta khp trn chu vi Gi thit vng v ti trng ngang di dng chui lng gic kp tha mn iu kin bin di dng:
m x n y w( x, y ) = wmn sin sin a b mm m x n y p ( x, y ) = pmn sin sin a b mm

(11)

(12)

trong :

pmn = p ( x, y ) sin

m x a

sin

n y b

dxdy

(13)

Nu ti trng p(x,y) phn b u: p(x,y) = p0, th h s pmn c dng [3]:

pmn = 16 p0 vi m, n = 1, 3, 5, 7, 2 mn

(14)

Thay (11), (12) vo phng trnh cn bng (10), ta nhn c h s wmn, nh vy hm vng s c xc nh theo (11), hm ni lc xc nh theo (7) v hm ng sut xc nh theo (5). 4. Kt qu s v tho lun Kho st ng x c hc ca tm ch nht FGM Ceramic (nhm -xit - alumina) / Metal (Nhm-aliminum) ta khp trn chu vi chu tc dng ca ti trng phn b u p0. Mt trn ca tm giu ceramic, mt di giu kim loi (hnh 1). Tnh cht cc vt liu thnh phn [9]: Ec = 380GPa (Nhm xit - ceramic); Em = 70GPa (Nhm - kim loi); H s Poisson v = 0,3 cho c hai vt liu (15)

Bin thin ca t l th tch gi thit theo qui lut hm m (1b), bin thin ca m un n hi ko (nn) gi thit theo (2); h s Poisson khng i theo chiu dy tm. kho st s cc lp bi ton, cc tc gi vit chng trnh tnh vng, ni lc v ng sut trong tm bng ngn ng lp trnh Matlab. V d 1: Tm vung (a/b=1), mng (a/h=100), ng hng (p=0 - E(z)=Ec) chu tc dng ca ti trng ngang phn b u. vng khng th nguyn ti tm ca tm (a/2; b/2) v m

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KT QU NGHIN CU V NG DNG
men un ln nht khng th nguyn c so snh vi kt qu gii tch tnh theo Timoshenko [3], theo Zenkour [8] (l thuyt tm Mindlin) v tnh bng Phn t hu hn theo Ganapathi [9] th hin trn bng 1, c th thy rng cc kt qu l tng ng. Bng 1. vng v m men un ln nht khng th nguyn ca tm vung ng nht (a/h=100) lin kt khp trn chu vi Gi tr khng th nguyn
wmax =

Timoshenko [3] 0,00406

Zenkour [8] 0,00406

Ganapathi [9] 0,00406

Bi bo 0,00406

12 1

Ec h3
2

a b w , p0 a 2 2
4

M x max =

a b Mx , p0 a 2 2 1
2

0,0479

0,0479

0,0479

0,0479

V d 2: Tm vung c kch thc: a=b=1m; chiu dy h=0,001m; lm bng vt liu FGM nhm/ xit nhm c cc hng s vt liu nh (15), chu tc dng ca ti trng ngang phn b u p0 = 0,1MPa. a. Kho st nh hng ca ch s t l th tch vng v vng khng th nguyn ti tm ca tm (a/2; b/2) khi tham s p thay i (p=0; 0,2; 0,5; 1; 5; 10; 20) th hin trn bng 2. Biu vng ti mt ct x=a/2 vi cc ch s t l th tch p khc nhau biu din trn hnh 3. Bng 2. vng ti tm ca tm vung, mng (a/h=100), ta khp trn chu vi, chu ti trng ngang phn b u, lm bng vt liu FGM (nhm xit - nhm) p=0 (ceramic)
w [m]

p=0.2

p=0.5

p=1

p=5

p=10

p=20

p=0 (kim loi) 0,0634

Bi bo
w _ ktn

0,0117

0,014

0,0167

0,0197

0,028

0,0339

0,0415

0,0041

0,0049

0,0058

0,0069

0,0097

0,0118

0,0144

0,0221

Bi bo
w _ ktn

[9]

0.0041

0,0049

0,0058

0,0069

0,0097

0,0118

0,0144

0,0221

C th thy rng khi ch s t l th tch tng ln, vng ln nht ca tm cng tng, ng ngha vi cng ca tm gim. Khi t l th tch p=0 (cho 2 trng hp E1=Ec v E1=Em) kt qu s tng ng vi trng hp tm lm bng vt liu ng hng. vng khng th nguyn ti tm ca tm khi so snh vi kt qu tnh theo phng php phn t hu hn ca Ganapathi [9] l tng ng cho thy tin cy ca li gii. Bin thin ng sut php xx ti tm ca tm (x=a/2; y=b/2) theo ta chiu dy tm vi cc ch s t l th tch khc nhau biu din trn hnh 4. T biu ng sut php ta thy ng sut nn ti b mt trn ca tm tng ln khi ch s t l th tch tng, v tr mt trung ha chia i chiu dy tm vi vt liu ng hng, i vi vt liu FGM thay i ( v tr z0).

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KT QU NGHIN CU V NG DNG
0

-0.01

-0.02

-0.03 w [m]

-0.04

-0.05

-0.06

-0.07

ceramic p=0.2 p=0.5 p=1 p=5 p=10 p=20 KLoai 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 y/b 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Hnh 3. Biu vng tm FGM chu un ti mt ct x=a/2 vi ch s th tch p khc nhau b. nh hng ca t s m un n hi vt liu lp b mt trn v di ca tm FGM (t s Ec/Em) Hnh 5 biu din biu vng ti mt ct x=a/2 ca tm FGM vung, vi cc t s Ec/Em = 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 khc nhau th hin tnh d hng ca vt liu. C th nhn ra rng khi t s Ec / Em ca vt liu tng th vng ca tm cng tng do cng ca tm gim. vng ti tm ca tm vi trng hp Ec/Em = 10 ln gp khong 5 ln so vi vng ca tm ng hng (Ec/Em = 1).
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 z/h 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 sigmax [Pa] 0 2 x 10 4
6

Ceramic p=0,5 p=1 p=10 p=20

Hnh 4. Bin thin ca ng sut php x theo ta chiu dy tm vung chu un bi ti trng phn b u Bin thin ng sut php xx ti tm ca tm (x=a/2; y=b/2) theo ta chiu dy tm vi tnh d hng vt liu thay i biu din trn hnh 6. Quan st biu ng sut php ta thy ng sut ko ti b mt di ca tm tng ln khi t s Ec / Em ca vt liu tng.

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KT QU NGHIN CU V NG DNG
0 x 10
-3

-1

-2

-3 w [m]

-4

-5 E1/E2=30 E1/E2=10 E1/E2=5 E1/E2=1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 y/b 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

-6

-7

Hnh 5. Biu vng tm FGM chu un ti mt ct x=a/2 vi cc t s E1/E2 khc nhau

p=10; a=b; a/h=100 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 z/h 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -3 -2 -1 0 1 sigmax [Pa] 2 3 4 x 10 5
6

E1/E2=1 E1/E2=10 E1/E2=20 E1/E2=30

Hnh 6. Bin thin ca ng sut php x theo ta chiu dy tm vung chu un bi ti trng phn b u vi cc t s E1/E2 thay i 5. Kt lun ng x tnh ca tm ch nht ta n trn lm bng vt liu c c tnh thay i FGM chu tc dng ca ti ngang phn b u c nghin cu trn c s l thuyt tm c in Kirchhoff-Love. Nghim gii tch tng minh di dng nghim Navier c xy dng nhm kho st nh hng ca ch s th tch, tnh d hng vt liu FGM n vng, ng sut, v bin dng trong tm. Vi gi thit m un n hi ko nn ca cc vt liu thnh phn l hm m theo chiu dy, ng sut v vng trong tm c tnh ton vi cc t l pha trn nhm xit v nhm khc nhau. Cc kt qu c so snh vi kt qu tnh theo phng php phn t hu hn ca Ganapathi; khi a v trng hp ring vi tm ng nht so snh vi cc kt qu c in ca Timoshenko cho thy tnh tng ng ca cc li gii.

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KT QU NGHIN CU V NG DNG
vng ln nht, s phn b ng sut php theo ta chiu dy tm, v tr mt trung ha ca tm FGM chu un l ngun tham kho tin cy khi tnh ton tm FGM bng cc m hnh khc. Ti liu tham kho 1. Reddy J. N (2009), Mechanics of laminated composites plates: Theory and analysis, CRC Press. 2. Reddy J. N (2000), Analysis of functionally graded material, International Journal of Numerical Methods. 47, 663-684 3. Timoshenko SP, Woinowsky-Krieger S (1959), Theory of plates and shells. New-York. McGraw-Hill. 4. Shyang-Ho Chi, Yen-Ling Chung (2006), Mechanical behavior of functionally graded material plates under transverse load Part I: Analysis, International Journal of Solids and Structures 43, 3657-3674. 5. He XQ, Ng TY, Sivashankera (2001), Active control of FGM plates with integrated piezoelectric sensors and actuators, Int. J. Solids Struct. 38 - 1641-55 6. Praveen, G.N, Reddy, JN (1998), Nonlinear transient thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded ceramic-metal plates, Int. J. Solids Struct. 35 - 4457-76 7. Woo, J. Megrid, S.A (2001), Nonlinear analysis of functionally graded material plates and shallow shells, Int. J. Solids Struct, 38 - 7409-21 8. Asharf M. Zenkour (2006), Generalized shear deformation theory for bending analysis of functionally graded plates, Applied Mathematical Modeling, 30 - 67-84. 9. M. K. Singha, T. Prakash, M. Ganapathi (2011), Finite element analysis functionally graded material plates under transverse load, 47 - 453-460. 10. Dao Huy Bich, Vu Do Long (2010), Non-linear dynamical analysis of imperfect functionally graded material shallow shells, Vietnam Journal of Mechnics VAST 32(1), pp. 65-79. 11. o Vn Dng, Nguyn Th Nga (2010), Nonlinear Stability Analysis of Imperfect FGM plates with Poisson ratio =(z) Subjected to Mechanical and Thermal Loads Tuyn tp cc cng trnh khoa hc. Hi ngh khoa hc ton quc CHVRBD ln th X, Thi Nguyn. 12. o Vn Tng (2011), n nh nhit n hi ca tm v v composite bin i chc nng, Lun n Tin s k thut, HQG H Ni.

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