You are on page 1of 70

:

3- , 2009.

.

2006-2010 .,
,
,

. 2009-2010 . ,
,
-
, .

(2-

, 1998 .),

1982

()

, . (Anne

Holmes) () (Derek Whitehead) ()



1987 .

.
1996 .,

(Virginia Balance) ()

(Marie Zielinska) () ,

. -
(Benedikte Kragh-Schwartz) () (Charles Townley)
() .


.

,
, ,
.
/

2001

.,

.
,
, ,

( ).

, , .

- 2004 ;
(Robert Pestell) () : .
(Clara M. Chu) (), (Domenico Ciccarello) (),
(Fred Gitner) () (Christine
McDonald) (). .

(Clara M. Chu) (), - (Ann-Katrin Ursberg) ()


. (Lourina K. de Voogd) ()
.
(Jane Dreisig) () (Kirsten Leth
Nielsen) (),

(Mijin Kim) ()

, , , ,

, , , ,

, ,

(Robert Pestell)
http://www.ifla.org/en/library-services-to-multicultural-populations

1.

6 000 .

, ,

21-

, ,
.
, 2008

1.1



,
, .

, ,

, , .
, ,

,
.
1.2.

.

:
,
;

;

, ;
,

.
-

. ,

, , , ,
, , .

, 2008

,
,
:
,


. ,

.
,
,
,

, ,
.

.
,

.
, ,

.

. ,
,


. ,

.
, ,

,
/
,

.
,
, .

1.3

.
,
, ,
, , , , , ,
, ,
.
,

,
.
, ,
, .
,

. , ,

.
, 2008.

, ,

.

.

, ,
. , ,

. ,

,
,
, -
.

, 2008.

,
, , , , ,
, , , .
1.4

, .
,


,
.

, 2008.

.
,
, , , 2008
,

, ,
:
,
,
, ,
. ,
,
,
,
.

, ,
, .

,
,
.
, ,
, ,


.
1.4.1

,
,
.
,
,
.

,
.

.

1.4.2

,
,

.

.
,
,
.

,

, , ,
.

()
.
1.4.3




, .

1.4.4


, , ,
, ,
.
1.4.5

.
,

. ,

, ,
.
1.4.6 -

, ,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
, .
1.4.7 ,
,

.

2.


,
, .
( 61)

,
,

.
.
, ,

,
.

, 2008.

2.1

2.1.1

, , ,
.
2.1.2 ,

,

, ,

, ,
.
2.1.3 ,
,

,
,
.
2.1.4


, ,
,
.
, , ,
.

2.2

.
2.2.1 ,
, ,
,
.
2.2.2 ,

,
.
2.2.3

.
2.2.4

,
.
2.2.5
, .
2.2.6
, .
2.2.7

.
2.2.8

,
.

2.2.9


.
2.2.10


- .
2.2.11

.
2.2.12 , ,

3.
3.1

,
.

.
.

( , )
, ,
- .

,
,

, ).
.
, ( ,
) .
,
,
, .

,

:
;

, ;
,
.
.
, :


:

, :
, ;
,
, ;
;
.
.
, /
:
;
, , , ,
, , ;
.
, :
, ;
;


, .


, , .

,

.

.
.


,

.
,
.


,
.
,


/ ,
,
.
(: :
.

. ,
, .2001.)

3.2

.

, , ,
, .

,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
3.3

.

,
. ,
.
,

. ,

.

. ,
,
;

;
;

;

;

.
,
.

.
3.4


/

-
.


, ,
,

.
, ,
, , ,

. ,

.
2 2,

, ,

( 3.0).
,
, - -
, .

,
2 .

,
. :
: (Blogs) (Wikis)

, ,
,

.
: , Facebook (), Hyves (),
(), Orkut ( ), Xiaonei();
::wikipedia.org/wiki/List of social networking websites


:
http://www.youtube.com/

http://www.flickr.com;

(social bookmarking)
.
-

,

URL , ,

, ,

-,

:http://del.icio.us/, http://www.connotea.com/
(Web feeds) (, RSS Really Simple Syndication)


,
.
:
: : http://digg.com/

, , http:// technocrati.com/.

- , ,

()


,
,
. , SMS (Short Message
Service),
,
, ,
. , VoIP ( Voice over Internet Protocol)

,
. , , ,
,
.
3.5

(Unicode) ,

).

-,

- .
,

,

,

4.
4.1
,
,
, , ,
, - , , ,
,

- .
,
, , .

( ),
.

.

.


.
(:
:

. , ,2001).

4.2


.
.
:
:

;
;
,
,
;
;
/ ;
,
;

.

:
;
;

,
, ,
, , ,

;
;
;
,
;
,
,
;
;
;

;
;

4.3

4.3.1 ,

.
.
,
,
.

.
, ,
,
, ,
.
,
,
,
.

, .

4.3.2 ,
.

. ,
,

(, ) , ,
. ,
, (, , , )
.
4.3.3
, ,
.

4.3.4 , ,

3 ,
.
4.3.5
.
, DVD, VCD
( -) . DVD
,
.
,
DVD
. ,
DVD ,

.

( DVD ,
).
4.3.6 ..

,
.
-
,
.

4.3.7

, CD-ROM, ,
, .
4.3.8

, -,

.

4.3.9

,
,

.
4.3.10 ,
,
, , ,
, ,
.
4.3.11
, -
.

4.4
:
,
;
,
;
;

,
;

;
,
;
, .

4.4

4.5.1

, ,

,
, .
4.5.2 ,
,
,
() , ,
() .
,
,
;
().
,

,
, ,

; ,
, ,
Unicode, .

.
,
,


. , Internationella Biblioteket

,
, , , (), ,
, (http://www.interbib.se)
4.5.3

,
,
,
.

,

.
4.5.4 ,
.

.
.
, , ,
,

,
, ,
.
,
,
, ,
, .

4.6
.
.
, ,
,
.
1.5 2,5 .

2500 .

. 2001)

4.6.1 ,
,
, ,
, . ,
,

,
.
4.6.2 ,

.
4.6.3 ,
1,5 2,5
. , ,

.

4.7

1000 .
216 1000 .
,
- ,
, ,
.
( , ,
, .., 2008.)

1000

_________________________________________________________________
25 000

0,25

250

25 000-50 000

0,225

225

50 000+

0,20

200

__________________________________________________________________
___________
:
. 2001)
4.8


(
, ),
, , 10 000
:
6

.
( , ,
(Department for culture, media and sport,
Public library service standards,U.K.) .., 2008.)

(OPAC On-line Public


Access Catalogues), ,
,
10 000 OPAC

10 000 60 000 OPAC 5000

60 000 OPAC 5000


60 000, OPAC 10 000

OPAC,
, CD/DVD . ,
50 000 5000
50 000 5000

50 000 10 000

.
, , ,
,
.
(
(Queensland public library standards and guidelines, Australia). ,
2004).

4.8.1
, .
4.8.2
, .

, .
,
100 ,
. ,
,

,
.
4.8.3
, .
,
. ,

, CD DVD.
4.8.4 ,

, .
,

.

,
. ,
, , ;
,

. ,
, , ,
.
4.8.5

(The Helsinki City Library, http://www.lib.hel.fi/)


, ,

(the Auckland City libraries,

http://www.aucklandcitylibraries.com/)
. ,
, ,
(The Danish Library Centre for Integration,
http://www.indvandrerbiblioteket.dk/),

16 ,
, (the State Library of Queensland, Australia),
(Multicultural Bridge) 19
(http://www.slq.qld.gov.au/info/lang).

4.8.6
, ,
.
,

,
(Library and Archives Canada, http://www.collectionscanada.ca),

(the National

Library of Australia) (Picture Australia,


http://www.pictureaustralia.org/);

,
(My Language),
, -
, 60 (ttp://www.mylanguage.gov.au/);


,
, :
http://www.finfo.dk
http://www.infopankki.fi/
http//www.interkulturellebibliothek.de/
http://www.bazar.deichman.no
http://www.multikulti.org.uk/
http://www.ainp.nl
, (http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/)
-, (http://www.worldlinq.org).

5.
5.1.

, .

.
, ,
, ,

.
(: :
.

. ,
, .2001).

5.2

, ,
, ,

.
,
, :



, ,
, . , ,

,
.
, -

.
( /
. 2001)

5.2.1
, ,

, .
5.2.2
, ,


.
5.2.3
,
.

,
,
, ,
.

, , ,
, ,

.
,
, ,
,
.
5.2.4



, ,
.
5.2.5

, ;

.
5.2.6 ,
.
6. ,


6.1 , ,

,
(), .
6.2 , ,
.
6.3 , ,
, ,
, .
6.4

,
, ,
, , ,
.
6.5

, .

.
6.6 , ,

, ,
.

6.7


.
,
.
,
,
,
:

6.7.1

.
6.7.2

,
,

(Multilingual Glossary)
,

(Australia).

(State

library

of

New

South

Wales),

49 ,
,
, :
http://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/multicultural/glossary
6.7.3

, .
6.7.4
, .
6.7.5 ,
.

6.7.6 , ,
, ,

, .
6.7.7

, ,

.
6.7.8 - ,
.
6.7.9

,
.
6.7.10
, .

/

(2001),

http://www.ifla.org/YII/s8/news/pg01.htm

7.

. ,
,

.

, .
1971 .
.

.
1982 .
27
. ,

.

1988

-,

,
.


,

( ).
,
, :


,
,
.
,
,
, , .

, 2,5
.
,
. ,
, 15 .
100 ,
40 ,
.
,

2006 . 31

, 16% .
2000., 69%.
,

. :
;
;
, ,
,

; Can be fun,
; Dial-a-Story 10 ,
.

, 1 400 ,

NewsConnect

85
147 ,
.
(Mijin Kim),
,

, 2001
2 ,

.
, ,
.
14.2 [
]
,
.


www.bibliotek.kk.dk
1960- .

. , ,


, -
.
, ,

.
, , , , .
( , -)
,
.
.
: www.kkb-lyd/about.htm

/KKB-LYD,
/ .

( -),
: , , ,
, , , .
http://www.kkb-lyd.dk/mantra.php.htm



. ( ) .

;
.

, ( )
.
.
www.sprogporten.dk
2008 .
.
www.kkb-lyd.dk/daglig
(Vibeke Stage) (Susy Tastesen)
,



13
.

,
.
( Martin Hallik),

1,5 (10%) -,
,

, ,

..
.
- .
, ,
,

.
(National Public Library Association, NPLA)

,
.

.
.

,
www.netnieuws.nl/.
.

NPLA
(Reading and writing Foundation)
Taal Centraal.
. ,
.

2007 .
, , -
8 ,
.

,
.
Nikompas, .



. ,
. (Vision document Cultural Diversity, the Netherlands Public Libraries
Association,2006).

(Lourina K. de

Voogd), ,

,
.

,
. , ..
, ,

,
.

(Norwegian Archive, Library and Museum),


2014 1, .2006).

, ,
2008 .

( , (Norwegian
Archive, Library and Museum), 2014 1,
.2006. 1.6).

, ,

.(Finnmark County Library. 2005-2014


.).

(Kirsten Leth Nielsen
), , )

.
,
, .

.
,
.

,

,
, .

(Susana Alegre Landburu), ,


Your Library

(www.welcometoyourlibrary.org.uk/)

2003-2004 .

, .
,
,
, ,
. ,

.

2007 .
. . ,
,
,
.
Welcome to Your Library
,
.
,
:



,

,
,
:



, ,




(ESOL),
,



:
: , ,
25

)
,
. ,
,

.
: ,
,
, ,
.

:
, ,
;
,

;

, .
:

,

.
,

:

.

, .


, , ,
,

.
(Ayub Khan), ,






.
1. .

,
. ,
, , ,

. , ,

2.
.
.
, ,
.
3. .


. ,
,
.
.


.
, ,
,
, , .
4.
.
.
,
, ,
. ,

.

. ,
.
5. .

.
.
,
.
,

,
.
(Rick Ashton) (Danielle Milam).
, :
)
(Welcom,Stranger: Public libraries build the global village).
, , 2008


(My Language)
,
60 .

, , , ,
VICNET ( )
-
.


,
(CALD
Culturally and Linguistically Diverse) .
:
,
60 .
CALD
, :

.


CALD
, .
, , , ,

.


CALD ,
.
http://www.mylanguage.gov.au/



,
.
49 .

,

.
http://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/multicultural/glossary
(Oriana Acevedo)
,

, .

6.000

.
, , ,
, XXI ,
,
, .

,

,
, ,
, [1].
,
, .

, .
, ,
. , ,

[2].

,
,
, , , .
,
, .
,

,
.


.
:

;

;
,

;
,

,
,

, , ,
,

.


, , ,
:

;
;
,
;
,

;

;

;

;
;
;

.

,
, ,

,
.
,

.
.

.

:
,
,
;
,
,
;
,
, ,
, ;

;


.
,

, -, .

.
,
,
,

,
.

. , ,
,
.
,

.


,
.




.
, , ,
;
, .
/
, /
-
2008
2008


35- .

1 /
.- , 2004.- .11-23
2. .


()

-,
,
,

. ,
,
, ..


,
. .
,


.

.
, , , ,
..
.
-,
,


.
.

1. ,
,
.

2.
.
3. ,

,
,

.
4. ,
, ,
.
5. ,

, , ,
,


,
.
6.

, ,

,


.

7. ,
,

.



.
8.


- ,
,

.

9.
, ,
.

10.
, ,

,

, ,
.

, ,
, 2009
. ,2010
(http://www.rba.ru)
(Multicultural Communities:Guidelines
for library services, 3rd edition, 2009)
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s32/pub/Multiculturalcommunities: Guidelines for library
services.pdf

You might also like