LOGO

2013.5.29

0. (Economics)?
Economize

1.
GMO
Generically Modified Organisms
, , ,

Cloning

Stem Cell

1.

1.
Alvin Toffler
1 : 1
2 : 18
3 : 20

DNA
2003 4 Genome

1.
, ?



DNA

1.

1.

1.
DNA(DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)
A, T, G, C 4
(Gene) =
2 4

1.

1.
(sex) vs. (cloning)
Genome = 4 => 23
23 + 23
Recombination : 40,000

2.
[ , bio-industry]

(Naver )

2.

Specialty
Chemicals
Pharmaceutical
s
Food processing
Agronomic traits

1995

2000

2005

2010

2.

: , ,
: , , ,
: , ,

2.
GM (1)

(Tomato)

DNA Plant
Technology Co.

1994

Zeneca &
Petoseed

1995

Monsanto

1995

Agritope

1996

Monsanto

1998

2.
GM (2)

(Maize)

Dekalb Genetics

1995

Novartis

1995

AgrEvo

1995

Monsanto

1995

Pioneer Hi-Bred

1996

Plant Genetic System

1996

Pioneer

1998

2.
GM (3)

(potato)

Monsanto

1996

Monsanto

,
PLRV

1998

2.
GM (4)

Monsanto

1994

(soybean)

AgrEvo

1996

2.
GM (5)

(Rapeseed)

Calgene

( ),

1994

AgrEvo
(Plant Genetic
Systems)

AgrEvo

, EPSPS

1995

Monsanto

1995

AgrEvo
(Plant Genetic
Systems)

1996

AgrEvo

1994

1997

2.
GM (6)

Upjohn (USA)

(squash)

(sugar beet)

(chicory)

(cotton)

Asgrow (USA)

1994

ZYMV

1996

Novatis Seeds

1998

AgrEvo

1998

Bejo Zaden BV

1996

Kanamycin
Calgene

1994

Monsanto

1995

Monsanto

1995

DuPont

1996

Calgene

1997

2.
GMO

Source : Clive James, 2012

2.
GM (2012)

Source : Clive James, 2012

2.
GM (million hectares)

Source : Clive James, 2012

2.
GMO (million hectares)

Source : Clive James, 2012

2.
GMO

( : )

< : 11 , 26 >

3.

3.
: ?
: ?

?
: ?
: ?
: GMO ?

: ?

3. GMO

3. GMO
GMO ?
(Starlink)

3. GMO

(principle of substantial equivalence)
(precautionary principle)

GMO

3. GMO
GMO
FDA
USDA
EPA

3. GMO
GMO

GMO .
, .

3. GMO
GMO

3%

5%

0%

0.9 %

DNA


5

DNA


3

5%

3. GMO
GMO (Labeling) ( )
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
Blind

W ith G MO s or G MO F ree

W ith G MO s (S )

T hresholds 1% (L)

T hresholds
T hresholds 0.1% (C)

Bac kg round Informations

G MO F ree (N)

3. GMO

4. GMO
GM

,


GMO

4. GMO
GMO
GM labeling
GM
Nestle Unilever
GM
GMO

4. GMO
GMO ?

4. GMO
GMO ?
(Terminator Technology)
- Delta & Pineland( )
-

-

4. GMO
GMO ?

4. GMO
GMO IP COST
Cents/bu

20

Elevator profit from segregation and IP

(not observable)

15

Costs to elevator of reshuffling

(cost of having less flexibility ,
Cost of having too few, too big elevators)

Testing costs = 2 cents/bu

10
Farm profit from segregation and IP
Costs of cleaning planter, combine = 0.2cents/bu

Extra costs of driving further to elevator,

Waiting longer to deliver non-GM grain

Extra costs from not using GM tech

On farm (varies by farm)

22 cents/bu premium
to exporter of non-GM
soybeans to Japan
(observable)

10 cents/bu premium
to farm delivering nonGM soybeans to
elevator near Illinois
River (observable)

5.
?
- GMO / GMO
- /
- /
-
-
- GMO
-

?
?
?
?

Q&A

Q&A

sryang@korea.ac.kr
http://sryang.korea.ac.kr