Irony

incongruity between what actually happens and what might be expected to happen, especially when this disparity seems absurd or laughable

Verbal irony
To understand speakers meaning which is very far from the usual meaning of words. Opposite meaning of words spoken. Is statement uttered is tinged with mockery, it is known as sarcasm.

Ironic point of view

Is seen when there is a sharp distinction between the narrator of the story and the author. The narrator tells us something that we are expected to doubt or interpret differently. Example: Gimpel the Fool by Isaac Bashevis Singer

Irony of Fate / Cosmic Irony

Ironic twist of fate where development that reveal a terrible distance between what people deserve and what they get instead. Example: the necklace, the gift of the Magi

Dramatic Irony
situation where character is unaware of something audience knows. a situation, or the irony arising from a situation, in which the audience has a fuller knowledge of what is happening in a drama than a character does.