Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Robert Joyce
UK 3G Spectrum Allocations
Licence A B C D E FDD Uplink Operator From (MHz) To (MHz) Hutchison 3G 1920.0 1934.9 Vodafone 1944.9 1959.7 O2 1934.9 1944.9 T-Mobile 1959.7 1969.7 Orange 1969.7 1979.7 FDD Downlink TDD From (MHz) To (MHz) From (MHz) To (MHz) 2110.3 2124.9 1914.9 1920.0 2134.9 2149.7 N/A N/A 2124.9 2134.9 1909.9 1914.9 2149.7 2159.7 1899.9 1904.9 2159.7 2169.7 1904.9 1909.9 Total (MHz) 2x15 + 5 = 35 2x14.8 = 29.6 2x10 + 5 = 25 2x10 + 5 = 25 2x10 + 5 = 25
TDD
FDD Uplink
FDD Downlink
1935
1945
1960
1970 19802110
2125
2135
2150
2160
Frequency Reuse
Initially operators have been launching with just a single carrier Network will initially be FDD only e.g. Operator X will launch using only the FDD carrier (F1 =10588) All launch cells will use F1 & therefore Operator Xs 3G network will
FDD Uplink
FDD Downlink F1 F2 F3
every cell
It carries no information and can be thought of as a beacon
3G Coverage Measurements
The majority of 3G coverage measurements are based upon
cell.
Initial 3G network optimisation will be performed purely from CPICH
measurements
Three key related measurements for 3G optimisation are Ec Io Ec/Io
- The Received Signal Level of a particular CPICH (dBm) - The Total Received Power (dBm) - The CPICH Quality (The ratio of the above two values)
Io
Ec1
Ec2
Ec1
Ec2
From the previous two measures we can calculate a signal quality for
Example
Ec/Io1=-5dB
Ec/Io2 =-10dB
Io=-80dBm From the above three measurements we can calculate for each pilot the Ec level for that particular pilot
Ec1 = -80 - 5 = -85dBm Ec2 = -80 - 10 = -90dBm
Ec/Io measurements
It is these measurements that are used for cover analysis and basic
optimisation
3G Scanners
Many types of 3G scanners on the market
Agilents 3G Scanner & Nitros Software Anritsus ML8720B 3G scanner DTI Seagull (Dual band 3G/2G) scanner
From experience the Anritsu scanner is the better of the all three with
Handovers in WCDMA
Various handover types exist in WCDMA Those between WCDMA sites (intra-system HO) Those between WCDMA and GSM (inter-system HO)
For both softer and soft it is the Ec/Io levels used to determine whether
3G
2G
Optimisation Basics
Coverage Optimisation Neighbour Optimisation Pilot Pollution Optimisation SHO Optimisation
Coverage Optimisation
As with 2G if the coverage is inadequate then the call quality will be
inadequate
Therefore this first stage in 3G optimisation is ensuring adequate
coverage
Link budgets should be used to determine both the planning targets
Coverage Optimisation
Given below are example target drive survey Ec levels for the
different 3G services
Service 12.2k Speech 64k CSD 64k PSD 64k CSD Videophone 144k CSD 144k PSD 384k CSD 384k PSD Dense Urban Deep Indoor - 95% -71.0 -72.0 -73.0 -71.0 -69.0 -70.0 -65.0 -66.0 Urban/Suburban Deep Indoor - 95% -81.0 -82.0 -82.0 -80.0 -79.0 -79.0 -75.0 -76.0 Environment Rail Indoor Window - 95% -88.0 -90.0 -90.0 -88.0 -86.0 -87.0 -84.0 -84.0 Road Indoor Window - 95% -95.0 -96.0 -97.0 -94.0 -93.0 -94.0 -90.0 -90.0 Rural Outdoor - 90% -102.0 -103.0 -103.0 -101.0 -100.0 -100.0 -95.0 -96.0 Indoor 95% -102.0 -102.0 -103.0 -101.0 -99.0 -100.0 -95.0 -96.0
These levels are the levels that should be achieved at the roof of the
vehicle
If these levels are not achieved then inbuilding coverage will be poor Further optimisation with lower coverage levels is very difficult Solutions: Downtilt, Azimuth, New Site
January 2005 AIRCOM International 2005
Neighbour Optimisation
Missing Neighbours was and still is the biggest cause of poor
neighbours.
It is therefore essential that the initial neighbour list is thorough, ideally
neighbour lists will lead to dropped calls when moving from 3G to 2G and poor 3G re-selection performance when on 2G
neighbour of the best active cell although it is eligible to be added in the active set.
3G cells with the best 2G cells for every sample along the drive survey.
a voice call
The higher the data rate the more susceptible the service is to pilot
lower bit-rates. Optimising pilot pollution for PS128 is already a challenge, for 384 might be an unrealistic target.
Comparison of required EcIo:
Service Min EcIo Voice -15 PS64 -13 PS128 PS384 -13 -9.5
Even with good Ec levels, some areas will never provide reliable
PS384 simply due to cell overlaps. It seems unclear whether a mature network may ever provide a full 384 footprint. Conclusion: 384 requires an optimised network
Required EcIo
-19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9
-8
-7
150 100 50 0
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
The Ec target is the target coverage = -100dBm The current recommended Ec/Io target = -10dB Actix is able to identify areas of pilot pollution and display the locations
on a map
dominance to an area (before optimising for pilot pollution, always check that a new site is not about to be brought on air in the locality)
Antenna Downtilts: By adjusting tilts on the best servers, or worst
Handover Optimisation
Softer, Soft, Inter-frequency & system HOs have all been optimised on
UTRAN parameters .
azimuth changes
Solution: 3G Scanner Survey, Analysis, Downtilt and Azimuth
changes
Optimisation Basics
Coverage Optimisation Neighbour Optimisation Pilot Pollution Optimisation SHO Optimisation Everything is based around Ec/Io, to improve this we need to
complete
3G Optimisation Process
This section will cover the following; Overview a generic 3G Optimisation Process Key Performance Indicators Analysis Tools & Processes Next Steps
RF KPIs
The RF targets are defined in terms of: RSCP of the Common Pilot Channel
-89 dBm in >= 95% of bins for dense urban -94 dBm >= 95% of bins for urban -99 dBm >= 95% of bins for suburban -104 dBm >= 90% of bins for rural
Ec/Io >= 10 dB in >= 95% of bins for DU, U, SU Ec/Io >= 10 dB in >= 90% of bins for Rural Ec/Io >= 14 dB in >= 95% of bins for DU, U, SU Ec/Io >= 14 dB in >= 90% of bins for Rural Test case to be agreed
RF Optimisation
Basic RF analysis checking the following
detailed analysis.
If the route meets the RF KPIs theres no point doing further analysis
05Jan27 141458
Quality (Ec/Io)
Target Ec/Io(dB) Ec/Io >=-10 Achieved % 96.15% Achieved % Target
SHO Overhead
41.11%
SHO Overhead
40%
Other
Pilot Pollution Area
Achieved % 3.85%
Target
Pilot Pollution
<=5%
5%
Percentage
60%
RSCP PDF
50%
RSCP CDF
40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120
RSCP (dBm)
Percentage
Ec/Io PDF
60%
Ec/Io CDF
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16
Ec/No (dB)
B
-16
3.3%
0.7%
-14
-12
-10dB
Ec/No (dB)
-10
-8
-6
-4 Good Coverage Area RSCP >= -100 Ec/Io >=-10 OK Coverage Area RSCP < -100 Ec/Io >=-10
-2
A
2 0 -10
95.4%
-20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80
-100 dBm
0.6%
-100 -110
D
-120
-90
RSCP (dBm)
accurate !!!
Neighbour Optimisation
If downtilts are to be made to any sectors, then additional neighbours
should not be added to/or for these cells as they may not be necessary after downtilts
Actix should be used to generate Missing Neighbour Report from
Scanner data
Remember until the cluster is complete, additional neighbours will
come and go
values of the SCs seen generating a neighbour list like the one given
The number of missing neighbours found will be dependent on the
Source SC
80 81 108 117 138 138
Site
Grey Lynn Shops Grey Lynn Shops St Lukes Carpark Symonds St Newton Newton
Target SC
81 80 138 507 98 108
Target Cell
Sample Count
20 19 23 17 20 20
SHO Analysis
KPI report will indicate % of route in SHO Aim for SHO < 40% Run RE SHO query to display areas on a map - is this due to distant
undertaken
In call analysis will also pick up
Coverage Problems
Pilot Pollution Problems Missing Neighbours SHO problems
Process Summary
Stage 0 Cluster Preparation - plots, site checks, neighbour checks
etc.
Stage 1&2 RF optimisation, Ec, Ec/Io, Missing Neighbours, SHO
Area
Stage 3 In Call Analysis (Speech, Video, PS, ISHO etc) will be the
3G RF Optimisation Basics
Robert Joyce