An 'operating system' (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of

a computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination of activities
and the sharing of the resources of the computer. The operating system acts as a host for
applications that are run on the machine. As a host, one of the purposes of an operating
system is to handle the details of the operation of the hardware. This relieves application
programs from having to manage these details and makes it easier to write applications.
Almost all computers, including handheld computers, desktop computers,
supercomputers, and even video game consoles, use an operating system of some type.
Some of the oldest models may however use an embedded operating system, that may be
contained on a compact disk or other data storage device.

Operating systems offer a number of services to application programs and users.

Applications access these services through application programming interfaces (APIs) or
system calls. By invoking these interfaces, the application can request a service from the
operating system, pass parameters, and receive the results of the operation. Users may
also interact with the operating system with some kind a software user interface (UI) like
typing commands by using command line interface (CLI) or using a graphical user
interface (GUI, commonly pronounced “gooey”). For hand-held and desktop computers,
the user interface is generally considered part of the operating system. On large multi-
user systems like Unix and Unix-like systems, the user interface is generally
implemented as an application program that runs outside the operating system. (Whether
the user interface should be included as part of the operating system is a point of
contention.)

Common contemporary operating systems include Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux
and Solaris. Microsoft Windows has a significant majority of market share in the desktop
and notebook computer markets, while servers generally run on Linux or other Unix-like
systems. Embedded device markets are split amongst several operating systems