ixialD;sl Wreu l,ukdlrK moaO;shla f,i ihsn wjldYh1

m%Nd;a .,.uf.a
B.A (sp), M.A, Reading for M.Phil

ixialD;sl Wreu l,ukdlrKh

ksidf.a iuia; b;sydih ;=, iajdNdj Ouh iska fok ,o fohg mgyej
ksid iska ksudKh lrk ,o" f.dv k.k ,o" W.kakd ,o yd ch.%yKh lrk ,o
ish,a, ixialD;sh

f hehs ,sfhdka fg%dials ^1979(01& lshhs ' ixialD;sh .ek udkj

oHd{hska yd iudc oHd{hska /ila O ksjpk /ila islr ;snqko ud fm!oa.,slj

wdila; jkafka fuu udlaiajd ka;lhd f.a ksppkhgh' welvla ksjpkhla
fkdjkakd fiau" fndfyda welvla ,sh,s ;=, ^is;du;d& wu;l lr ;sfnk udlaiauh
lshula u.ska ixialD;sh yek .ekSu wdrN lrkafka wm l;d lrk ud;Dldjg fuu
m%fYh wdf,dalhla tla lrk ne' tk ksid iska ksud; ish,a, ixialD;sh k
ixialD;sl Wreu $ im;a l,ukdlrKh (Cultural heritage / resources management CHM
CRM) hkq iuia: udkj b;sydih fukau wkd.;ho wh;a jkakla f' ukao wkd.;h yd
j;udkh o kej; w;S;h njg m;a ug ksh; ne' ksidf.a ish f.dv ke.S ta ta
ld, mfohka ;=, ksia jOkfha legm;la fiau ta ta hq.hkaf.a ksia ka;kfha
legm;la o f' f ksid ksia f.dv kex hkq /l.; hq;= fohla jkjd fiau" wkd.;
mrmrdjka fj; f ms<sn| oeKqu ifma%IKh l, hq;= njo meye,sh' f i|yd ldrKd
/ila fya;= fj;;a ud olsk m%Odk fya;+ka ;%s;ajhla jkafka fuu ixialD;sl Wreuhka ;=,
wm fuf;la fidhd fkd.;a oE mej;Su;a" fojekak f,i udkj ;fha mkduh ms<sn|
is;=ju tajd ;=, / mej;Su;a" f;jekak ij ld,Sk w.hka / oE f w;r mej;Su;ah'
WodyrK f,i .%Sl kdgH fmkajd h yel' tajd wo k o fldjka u; m%;sksIamdokh f'
iuyr ixialD;sl ksIamdokhkaf.a w.hka je jkafka miq ld,Skjh' WodyrKhla f,i
cd;l l;d ms<sn| kQ;k lsh ;=, we;af;a uq,a ld,Skj tjd ms<sn|j mej;s wd.l lsh
fkdf'

ixialD;sl Wreu l,ukdlrKh hkafkka idudkHfhka wjOdrKh jkafka jeo.;a

wiamIh yd iamIh ixialD;sl Wreuhka ykd.ekSu" w:l;kh" kv;a;=j yd
ixrlaIKhhs' mqrd oHd kgnqka j, isg" NdIdjka" im%odhsl yelshdjka" wdjdiSka w;r we;s
ffcj O;aj oeKqu" im%odhsl ffjoH lu j, isg wNdjhg hdug ksh; wNspdr yd
weoys,so f hg;g .efka' f wkqj ixialD;sfha iuia:h f hgf;a wjOdrKh f'

fy<
256)

(2010) ixia(

(249-

hqfkiafldaj ^1972& ixialD;sl Wreuhka f,i olajkafka iaudrl tk .Dy ksudK" uq;s
legh wdh" ;%" mqrd oHd;aul iajdNdjfha jHqyhka" Ys,d f,aLk" .=yd ;% yd wdY%s;
fYaIdx." ksidf.a l%shd fyda ksid yd iajdNdl;ajfha taldnoaO ldhhka we;=
b;sydifha" l,df" iajdNdl oHdf" udkj oHdf yd udkj jxY oHdf oelaug wkqj
lemS fmfkk Yah w.hka h'
ixialD;sl Wreuhka h rgl" ckjd.sl lKavdhu Wreuhla fkdj th f;are .;
hq;af;a Yah w:hlsks' tajd udkjhdf.a md igykah' tajd u; we;af;a j.jd"
m%dfoaYShjd yd cd;sljd w:hka fkdj Yah w:hkah' fndfyda ixialD;sl Wreuhkag
cd;sljdka yd Bg;a krl w;g j.jdka O m%d:l w:l;k we;=,;a lsug W;aidy
.ks;s' kuq;a Bg m%;suqLj tajd lshdmdkafka tla ckj.hl fyda cd;sl;ajhl fm!v;ajhg
jvd iuia: udkj j.hdf.a fm!v;ajhhs' ukao tla fmfoil ixialD;sl Wreuh ;j;a
fmfoil ixialD;sl Wreuhkaf.ka fjkiajfka idfmalaI w.hla u; u fuhg fya;=jhs'
tajd ms<sn| Wia my;a Tiafia ueu fndfyda g udkjjxY flakaSh;ajh ms,suq
lrkakla kd

Bg je hula fkdf' tlS j,ska neyerj .;a g ihsn wjldY.;

ixialD;sl Wreuhka wkd.; mrmqrg" fYaIfhka wkd.; mfhaIlhkag ;udf.a mer

f,dalh ms<sn| i,a oeKqula imdokh lrkq we;'
fuu rpkdj ;=, igyka flfrkafka ixialD;sl l,ukdlrK moaO;shla f,i
ihsn wjldYfha l%shdld;ajh

yd ihsn wjldYh ixialD;sl l,ukdlrK moaO;shla

f,i Nd;hg ilid .ekSu ms<sn| ,dxlSh ixkaONhg wod, ldrKd f' ta w;ru fuu
lafIa;%hg wod, foaYSh b-wka;.;hka ;ju;a jOkh fkd mej;Sf ysoi o wjOdkhg
,la flreKq we;'

f;dr;=re yd ixksfok ;dlaIKfha YlH;d

wm .= ld,hl isg fm< (text) igyka lsug yd tajd wfkld iu fnod .ekSug
Nd;d lf,a lvodis udOHhhs' thuo udkj ch.%ykhla jQ w;r .gkan.a uqK udOH
fidhd .ekSu ;=, wm fm< ^yd iS;j rEm& Tiafia f,aLk mqkksYamdokh lf,ah' tfy;a
lvodish ;=, wmg bv ,enqfka iS; bm;a lsulg mu' tfiau tu lvodis u; igyka
jQ im;a i|yd m%fY ug wmg tu lvodis ;ekam;a lr we;s ia:dkfhka ia:dkhg hdugo
is f' kuq;a f;dr;=re yd ikaksfok ;dlaIKh" tys m%uqL M,h jk wka;cd,ho" tys
jvd;a ckm%shu fldgi jk f,dal jHdma; cd,ho (World Wide Web WWW) fuu
mer f,dalfha fndfyda .eg j,g i ,nd we;' f wkqj fj ;dlaIKh Tiafia

1. fm<" rEm" yv" fhda la,sma" weksfIka" ;%sudK fudv,hka Tiafia oHq;a f,aLk
bm;a l, yel'

2. wdlIh w;=re uqyqk;a Tiafia ;d;al;ajh m%;sksudKh l, yels w;r th wms

w;;H ;d;al;ajh (Vertual Riality) f,i ykd.uq'
3. ud..;j ^Online& fm<" yv yd leurd Tiafia tlsfkld yuqf myiqj'
wfkla udOHhkag jvd msjefhka wvqu yd fndfyda g m%cdfjka iafPdfjka ,efnk
;dlaIl iyho fuu ,ehsia;=jg we;=,;a l, hq;= wx. nj yef.a' kuq;a wms tajd jH;sfL
ldrKd f,i i,luq'

isxy, yd fou< NdISh wka;.;hka i|yd jk ;dlaIl iu;hka

isxy, yd fou< niska wka;cd,h ;=, Cghq;= lsf fuf;la mej;s NdId ms<sn|
iu;hla fkdue;slf .egj hqksflda (Unicode) l%uh ykajd u;a iu bj;aj f.dia
we;' hqksflda hkq f,dj mj;sk ish NdIdjkaf.a wlaIr i|yd tajdgu YsIag jQ fla;
,ndf l%uhls' f u; NdIdjka tlsfkl fkd.efgk w;r o;a; mjykh we;=
ldhhka

fndfyduhla

myiq

yd

wdrlaIdld

lrhs

uh (je

ia;r

i|yd

http://unicode.org/)' hqksflda l%uh i|yd oeka ksudKh jk fufyhq moaO;s ^ ,sklaia"

kafvdaia yd uela tia& iyfhda.h olajk w;r isxy, ^yd fou<& hqksflda iyh (GNU

Linux, Windows wdoS) m%Odk fmf,a fufyhq moaO;s j, w;a ksl=;+ka ;=, fmr
ksfhka wka; .; f (je r ia;r i|yd n,kak http://www.siyabas.lk/)' fndfyda
,s; ixialD;sl Wreuhka mj;skafka m%Odk foaYSh NdId oa;ajfhka jk fyhska fuu
;dlaIl iu;hka f wkqj Wreu l,ukdlrKh i|yd fydo fldjla imhhs' tfiau
fuu NdId ;ajfhka mj;sk b-wka;.;hka i|yd f,dj m%lg fijq hka;% ^.+.,a" hdyQ"
ka.a wd& iyh olajk ksid f,dj fld;kl iskafkl=g jqj;a fuu b-wka;.;hka fj;
m%fY f yelshdj ,ef' kuq;a fuu b-wka;.;hka jvd Yah ug k foaYSh NdId
wka;.;hka wka; cd;sl NdIdjkag mj;kh u o jeo.;af'

b-Wreuh
ixialD;sl im;a l,ukdlrKh moaO;shla f,i ihsn wjldYh Nd;d lsu bWreuh f,i yek .efka' Wreu l,ukdlrKh i|yd wdldr lsysmhlska ihsn wjldYh
Nd;d l, yel'
1' ihsn wjldYfha oekgu;a mj;sk lsmShd Yaj fldaIh i|yd ixialD;sl Wreu
wka;.;hka tla lsu' oeka jk g bx.%Sis yd wfkl=;a wm;s NdIdjkag wu;rj isxy,
yd fou< NdIdjkaf.ka o lsmShdj l%shd;aul f' Wreu l,ukdlrKfha lsmShd ksoyia
Yaj fldaIh jeo.;a jkafka th kEu wfhl=g odhl h yels f,dj mj;sk wk.su Yaj

fldaI wdlD;sfha b-wka;.;h jk ksidh' wo wka;cd, fijq hka;%hlska fidhd fok

fndfyda ud;Dldjkag wod,j m<uq fj wv my we;=,; fndfyda g lsmShdj mj;S' m<uq
fj wv oyh we;=,; lsmShdj u. yefrkqfha l,d;=rlsks' lsmShdj iafPd
jHdmD;shla u yd ksoyia m%fYhlg bv i,id mej;Su u; th b;d jeo.;a fj im;la
njg m;aj we;'
2' .gkan.a jHdmD;sh (http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page) jeks jHdmD;s u.ska
mer" m%ldYK yslu wfydais .sh lD;Ska b-fmd;a yehg m%;sksYamdokh lrkq ,nhs'
wmf.a Wreuhka f,i mj;sk mer fmd;a fujeks jHdmD;s yryd m%;sksYamdokh l, yel'
fuys m%Odk ;u jdish jkafka uqK ho fkdue;s u;a kEu wfhl=g fkd,fha nd.;
lr.;yels u;ah'
3' ixialD;sl Wreu l,ukdlrKh i|yd msysgqjd we;s wdh;k u.ska f.dvk.k fj wv
Tiafia ixialD;sl Wreuhka i|yd m%fY ug wjldY ie,iSu' f i|yd WodyrKla f,i
b-fl!;=ld.dr ixl,amh fmkajd h yelsh' f,dj mqrd fl!;=ld.dr fufia b-fl!;=ld.dr
fj wv ksudKh lr we;' rEm" fhda yd fm< udOH fukau ;%sudK fudv, Tiafia
h:d:h m%;sksudKhg fuu bfl!;=ld.dr lghq;= lr we;' f,dj kEu ;ekl isg kEu
f,djl wmg fuu b-fl!;=ld.dr i|yd m%fY h yel'
4' lafIa;%hg ,ehdjla olajk mqoa.,hska yd mfhaIlhska yd lKavdh iajdkj

f.dv

kxjk fj wka;.;hka Tiafia Wreu l,ukdlrKhg odhl u wo k nyq,j oel.;

yel' kuq;a isxy, niska we;s wka;.;hka f.a m%udKh yd ,xldj ms<sn|j we;s
wka;.;hkaf.a m%udKh idfmalaIj wvq w.hla .kS' fuhg fya;=jla jkafka f;dr;=re yd
ixksfok ;dlaIKh ms<sn| oeKqu yd wka;cd, myiql ;ju;a m%cdj fj;,.d fjka
mj;skla ne'

fj fmdag,hkaf.a jeo.;alu
ixialD;sl Wreuhka ms<sn| wka;.;hka tla fj wvhl fyda lsysmhl
mj;skakla fkdf' iuyr g tla ldrKdjlg wod, fm< wka;.;hka tla fj
wvhlo" Y%jH oDIHuh wka;.;hka ;j;a wvhlo mej;sh yel' f ksid fuu is
mj;sk wka;.;hkag m%fY fodrgQka ksudKh h hq;=h' ta i|yd odhl jkq we;af;a fj
fmdag,hka (web portal) fyj;a fj ysfodrj,ah' fydka kv;a;= lrk fj ysfodrj,a
u.ska wod, Ihh m:h i|yd YlH ugf m%fYhka bm;a lrkq we;' tys wod,
wka;.;hka tajdfha Ihh lafIa;%h u;" NdIdjka u;" Ydia;%Sh fyda fkdjk nj u; wd
ldrKd /ila u; j.lr bm;a l, yel' isxy, ^yd fou<& NdIdjkag wod,j yd ,xldjg
wod,j b-Wreuhka ms<sn| fj fmdag,hka ksudKh jkq we;af;a wka;cd,h ;=, foaYSh b-

Wreuhkaf.a m%udKd;aul jOkh;a iuh' oekg wka;cd,h ;=, tjeks W;aidyhka

olakg fkdue;s ;r f'

ksoyia m%fYhlg bv i,id ;su

ixialD;sl Wreu l,ukdlrK udOhhla f,i ihsn wjldYh fhdod .ekSf
ie,ls,ag .; hq;= ;j;a jeo.;au ldrKhla f,i oelah yelafla ksoyia m%fYhlg" tk
fuu b-wka;.;hka fj; fkd,fha m%fY ug bv lv i,id ;suhs' tfia fkdue;s g
ixialD;sl Wreuhka uqo,a Wmhk ldrKd njg m;ajkq we;s w;r th f,dj mqrd Yd,
m%cdjlg ysh hq;=" udkj j.hd ms<sn| oeKqulska fhda lr,Sula jkq we;' fuhg
iula f,i yels iEu gu b-Wreuhka fmd

ksudkd;aul n,m;% l%uh (creative

commons license - je r ia;r i|yd http://creativecommons.org/ ) jeks fmd

iu;hla wkq.ukh lsu jeo.;a jkq we;' ta ;=, tu b-wka;.;hkaf.a mq,a ulao "
jHdma;shlao n,dfmdfrd;a;= h yel'

wdY%s; .%ka: yd fj im;a

From ICT to E-culture : Advisory report on the digitalization of culture and the implications
for cultural policy - Netherlands Council for Culture
(2004). Submitted to the Netherlands State Secretary for Education,

Culture and Science, June 2003 - English edition August 2004, The Hague.
(http://www.cultuur.nl/files/pdf/adviezen/E-cultuur_engels.pdf )
Go, Frank M.
(1972 ). e-Heritage in the Globalizing Society - Enabling Cross Cultural
Engagement Through ICT Convention on the Protection of the underwater Cultural
Heritage.
(http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001260/126065e.pdf)
Monod, Emmanuel and others (no date)
from e-Heritage systems to Interpretive Archaeology Systems: A RESEARCH
FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING CULTURAL HERITAGE
COMMUNICATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE
(http://is2.lse.ac.uk/asp/aspecis/20050091.pdf )
Smeulders, Arnold W.M and others
An integrated multimedia approach to cultural heritage e-documents
(http://homepages.cwi.nl/~media/publications/Smeulders02a.pdf)

lsmShd Yaj fldaIfha ,sms (www.wikipedia.org )

fg%dials" ,sfhdka
1979' ixialD;sh yd iudcjdoh iy l,dj yd ma,jh ^ mj;kh ( iqp; .,;a&'
llre udj; m%ldYk

;dlaIl fj wv
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - http://www.w3.org/
The Unicode Consortium - http://unicode.org/