TRNG THPT BC BNH

T : HA

Ngy 30 thng 9 nm 2012

THO LUN CHUYN

CHUYN 1 : GII TON BNG PHNG TRNH ION THU GN
I. C S Ca Phng Php:
- Phng trnh ha hc thng c vit di hai dng l phng trnh phn t v phng trnh
ion thu gn. Trong , phng trnh ion thu gn ngoi vic th hin c bn cht ca phn ng
cn gip gii nhanh nhiu dng bi tp kh (bi ton tr nn n gin hn) m phng trnh
phn t i khi khng th gii c hoc gii cho kt qu khng chnh xc.
- Phn ng dng ion thu gn cho bit bn cht ca phn ng xy ra trong dung dch l phn ng
gia cc ion. V vy, Hc sinh phi vit c phng trnh ion thu gn, cn c vo Hc sinh
c th tnh c s mol ca cc ion trong dung dch, t suy ra kt qu theo bi yu cu.
II. Cc Dng Bi Tp Thng Gp:
Dng 1: Phn ng gia Axit mnh vi Baz mnh .
Dng 2: Cc phn ng dng ion thu gn khc (To cht kt ta, cht kh, cht in li yu)
Dng 3: Cht kh tc dng vi dung dch cha H+ v NO3- (Phn ng oxi ha kh).
Dng 4: CO2 ; SO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim.
Dng 5: Bi ton lin quan n Oxit v Hiroxit lng tnh.
- Trong cc dng ton trn, chng ti chn dng 1: Phn ng gia Axit mnh vi Baz mnh
tho lun nhm p ng kp thi trong chng trnh dy hc (Chng I : S in Li).
- Khi pha trn (mt Axit vi mt Baz) hoc pha trn (hn hp nhiu Axit vi hn hp nhiu
Baz). Ta cn ch n ion H+ trong Axit v ion OH- trong Baz (Tnh cc cht phn ng theo
ion) . Ta c: Phn ng trung ha: H+ + OH- H2O
+ Tm :nH+ v nOH+ So snh: nH+ v nOHIII. Bi Tp p Dng:
1/ Trng hp 1: Phn ng gia Axit mnh vi Baz mnh (Tnh pH ca dung dch, .....)
* V d 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi trn 200ml dung dch NaOH 0,02M v 300ml
dung dch HCl 0,01M.
* Phng php:
Bi gii:
- Tim s mol ca axit, baz.
............................................................................
+
............................................................................
- Da vo PTL
nH v nOH
+
............................................................................
- Vit p/ trung ha: H + OH H2O
............................................................................
So snh: nH v nOH
............................................................................
1/ Nu: nH (d) [H+] pH dd .
............................................................................
+
2/ Nu: nOH (d) [OH ] [H ] pH dd . ............................................................................
............................................................................
* Lu : + [H+].[OH ] = 10-14
+
............................................................................
+ pH = -lg [H ]
............................................................................
* V d 2: Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch gm
H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X. Tnh pH ca dung dch X ?
* Phng php:
Bi gii:
............................................................................

- Tim s mol ca cc axit

nH
............................................................................
nOH
Tim s mol ca cc baz
............................................................................
+
H2O ............................................................................
- Vit p/ trung ha: H + OH

 So snh: nH v

nOH .

[H+] pH dd .

............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................

* V d 3: trung ho 500 ml dung dch cha ng thi (HCl 1,98M v H2SO4 1,1M) cn va
V lt dung dch cha (NaOH 3M v Ba(OH)2 4M) v to ra m gam hn hp mui khan .
a/ Tnh V lt dung dch ?
b/ Tnh m gam hn hp mui khan ?
* Phng php:
Bi gii:
............................................................................

- Tim s mol ca cc axit

nH
............................................................................
nOH
Tim s mol ca cc baz
............................................................................
+
H2O ............................................................................
- Vit p/ trung ha: H + OH
............................................................................
nH = nOH .
............................................................................
a/ V lt dung dch.
............................................................................
b/ Trong dung dch sau khi c cn:
............................................................................
mmui = mcac ion
............................................................................
mmui = mNa mBa2 mCl mSO 2
............................................................................
4
2/ Trng hp 2: Phn ng gia Axit mnh vi Baz mnh (bit pH (mi trng ca dung
dch. Tnh V, CM,......)
* V d 4: Trn 250 ml dung dch gm HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01 M vi 250 ml dung dch
NaOH aM thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh gi tr a ?
* Phng php:
Bi gii:
............................................................................

- Tim s mol ca cc axit

nH
............................................................................
nOH
Tim s mol ca baz
............................................................................
............................................................................
- Dung dch sau p/: pH = 12 nOH (d)
............................................................................
H2O ............................................................................
- Vit p/ trung ha: H+ + OH-
nOH ( du ) nOH (bd ) - nH
............................................................................
............................................................................
Gi tr a .
............................................................................
* Lu : (trc nghim)
............................................................................
1/ Nu nH ( du ) ( pH < 7) :
............................................................................
nH ( du ) nH (bd ) - nOH
............................................................................
............................................................................
2/ Nu nOH ( du ) ( pH > 7) :
............................................................................
nOH ( du ) nOH (bd ) - nH
............................................................................
............................................................................

IV. Bi Tp Trc Nghim:

Cu 1: Trn 70 ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 30 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,10M thu c dung
dch (A) c pH:
A. 0,26
B.1,26
C. 2,62
D. 1,62
Cu 2: Ly 500 ml dung dch cha ng thi HCl 1,98M v H2SO4 1,1M trn vi V lt dung
dch cha NaOH 3M v Ba(OH)2 4M th trung ho va . Th tch V l:
A. 0,180 lt.
B. 0,190 lt.
C. 0,170 lt.
D. 0,140 lt.
Cu 3: Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,2M vi 100 ml dung dch gm
H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M thu c dung dch (X). Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A.1,0.
B. 13.
C. 12,8.
D. 1,2.
Cu 4: Ho tan 17 gam hn hp NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2 vo nc c 500 gam dung dch X.
trung ho 50 gam dung dch X cn dng 40 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. C cn dung dch
sau khi trung ho thu c khi lng mui khan l
A. 3,16 gam.
B. 2,44 gam.
C. 1,58 gam.
D. 1,22 gam.
Cu 5: Trn ln 3 dung dch H2SO4 0,1M; HNO3 0,2M v HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch
bng nhau thu c dung dch (A). Ly 300 ml dung dch (A) cho phn ng vi V lt
dung dch (B) gm NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29M thu c dung dch (Y) c pH = 2. Gi
tr V l
A. 0,134 lt.
B. 0,214 lt.
C. 0,414 lt.
D. 0,424 lt.
Cu 6: Trn V1 lt dung dch axit mnh c pH = 5 vi V2 lt baz mnh c pH = 9 theo t l th
tch nh th no dung dch thu c c pH = 6. T l gia V1/V2 l
A. V1 1
B. V1 9
C. V1 2
D. V1 11
V2

V2

11

V2

V2

GV: DIN VN YN