n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

n mn hc: in t cng sut bi: Thit k phn in p 1 chiu cho b UPS: - in p ngun: 220 VAC+10%,-10%. - Cng sut: 4 KVA. - in p ra: 110 V - Tn s vo: 60Hz

Chng 1
SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 1

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

CNG NGH V YU CU K THUT

I.GII THIU UPS

hnh I.1 1.1.Cung cp in cho nhng ti nhy cm S c trong cc ngun nng lng in c th xy ra trong qu trnh lp t trang thit b hoc u vo h thng (qu ti, nhiu, mt cn bng pha, sm st, ). Nhng s c ny c th gy ra nhng hu qu khc nhau. V mt l thuyt: H thng phn phi nng lng in to ra mt in p hnh sin vi bin v tn s thch hp cung cp cho thit b in (400V-50Hz chng hn). Trong thc t, nhng sng hnh sin in p v dng in cng tn s b nh hng trong phm vi khc nhau bi nhng s c c th xut hin trong h thng. i vi h thng cung cp in: C th b s c hoc gin on cung cp in v: Hin tng nhim in bu kh quyn (thng khng trnh khi). iu ny c th nh hng n ng dy ngoi tri hoc cp chn, chng hn: SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 2

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

- Sm st lm in p tng t ngt trong h thng cung cp in - Sng gi c th lm cho ng dy b t Nhng hin tng ngu nhin, chng hn: - Cnh cy ri gy gn mch hoc t dy - t cp do o t - S h hng trong h thng cung cp Nhng thit b dng in c th nh hng n h thng cung cp Lp t cng nghip, chng hn: - ng c gy ra in p ri v nhim RF trong qu trnh khi ng. - Nhng thit b gy nhim: l luyn kim, my hn, gy ra in p ri v nhim RF Nhng h thng in t cng sut cao Thang my, n hunh quang Nhng s c nh hng n vic cung cp nng lng in cho thit b c th phn thnh cc loi sau: Lch in p Ngng hot ng Tng t ngt in p Thay i tn s SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 3

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Xut hin sng hi Nhiu tn s cao S c c th gy ra nhng hu qu nghim trng, c bit l lm gin on vic cung cp in, nht l h thng d liu ca my tnh. 1.2.Gii php dng UPS iu cn ch trc ht ca nhng s c v hu qu ca n v phng din: An ton cho con ngi An ton cho thit b, nh xng Mc tiu vn hnh kinh t T phi tm cch loi chng ra. C nhiu gii php k thut khc nhau cho vn ny, nhng gii php ny c so snh trn c s ca hai tiu chun sau nh gi: Lin tc cung cp in Cht lng cung cp in Hot ng nh mt giao din gia h thng cung cp in v nhng ti nhy cm. UPS cung cp cho ti mt nng lng in lin tc, cht lng cao, khng ph thuc mi tnh trng ca h thng cung cp. UPS to ra mt in p cung cp tin cy Khng b nh hng ca nhng s c ca h thng cung cp, c bit khi h thng cung cp ngng hot ng.

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Phm vi sai s cho php tu theo yu cu ca nhng thit b in t nhy cm (chng hn: GALAXY-sai s cho php ca bin 0,5%, tn s 1%) UPS c th cung cp in p tin cy, c lp v lin tc thng qua cc khu trung gian: Acquy v chuyn mch tnh. 1.3 ng dng ca UPS trong thc t

Hin nay nhu cu ng dng UPS trong cc lnh vc tin hc, vin thng, ngn hng,y t,hng khng l rt ln. S lng UPS c s dng gn bng 1/3 s lng my tnh ang c s dng. C th ly mt vi v d v cc thit b s dng UPS, l nhng my tnh, vic truyn d liu v ton b thit b mt trng thi no l rt quan trng v khng cho php c mt in. UPS c s dng trong ngnh hng khng m bo s thp sng lin tc ca ng bng sn bay.

ng dng chnh

Thit b c bo v

-My tnh,mng my tnh 1.H thng my tnh ni -My in,h thng v chung th,bn phmv cc thit b u cui. -B iu khin lp trnh,h 2.H thng my tnh cng thng iu khin s,iu khin gim nghip st,my t ng. -Tng i in thoi ,h 3.Vin thng thng truyn d liu,h thng raa. Dng c y t,thang my,thit b 4.Yt,cng nghip iu khin chnh xc,thit b o nhit ,bm plastic... -ng hm ,ng bng sn bay, 5.Chiu sng nh cng cng... -My qut hnh,cung cp 6.Cc ng dng khc nng lng cho my bay... SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 5

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Ni tm li UPS l mt ngun in d phng n c mt mi ch mi ni, nhng ni i hi cao v yu cu cp in lin tc.

1.4 Phn loi UPS 1.4.1..Phn loi UPS da theo b chuyn i

Hnh I.2 a.UPS tnh:S dng b chuyn i tnh thc hin cung cp nng lng. -Gii hn dng trong vn hnh cho php Icp=2.33Im -Cch li v in. -Bo dng v vn hnh n gin,lm vic tin cy cy chc chn. -Kh nng phn ng tc thi trc nhng dao ng bin ca h thng cung cp,s dng thit b iu khin vi x l da trn k tht s. -Bin in p iu chnh trong phm vi sai s 0.5% 1%,thi gian iu chnh nhanh,kch thc v trng lng ca h nh b.UPS quay

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Hnh I.3 S dng my in quay thc hin bin i nng lng, -Inm=Im -H thng ph ti cnh li vi ngun. -Tr khng ra ca h thp. 1.4.2.Phn bit theo ch lm vic a.UPS gin tip(offline UPS)

HnhI.4 -Nghch lu ni song song vi h thng cung cp l ngun d tr phng tnh trng khn cp. -Trong qu trnh vn hnh,ngun li c cung cp trc tip n ti qua b lc F m khng qua nghch lu. -Nu s c h thng cung cp in hoc U h thng cung cp in khng nm trong sai s cho php th ti chuyn t h thng cung cp in qua nghch lu trong thi gian ngn <10 ms.Khi in p h thng cung cp c phc hi,ti s t ng chuyn v h thng cung cp -Dng vi ti P <2 KVA. SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 7

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

-Thi gian chuyn mch ph hp vi ti nhy cm. -Tuy nhin offline UPS khng p ng vi ph ti nh my tnh ,tng i in thoi,khng iu chnh c tn s. b,OnlineUPS

HnhI.5 -c chn vo gia h thng cung cp v ti.Ton b in nng cung cp cho ti u phi qua nghch lu do vy vic cung cp in c lin tc trong phm vi sai s cho php ca f,U. -Khng ph thuc vo trng thi cua h thng cung cp in. -p dng cho ti c cng sut trung bnh P 40 KVA. 1.5.S nguyn l chung ca UPS

220

CL

NL

110

Aq

Hnh I.2

CL: Cung cp ngun mt chiu cho nghch lu v np thng trc cho cquy AQ: To nng lng d tr cung cp cho nghch lu nu sy ra: -Ngng hot ng h thng cung cp. -H thng cung cp c s c hoc cht lng h thng cung cp khng trong gii hn cho php. 8

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

NL:Chuyn i DC chn hn h

AC vi sai s cho php cht ch ,chc

thng chnh.

K: Bao gm c h thng phn hi ,iu khin hot ng ca CL ,NLv qu trnh phng np AQ ,n nh cung cp in theo yu cu. Trong phm vi n ny chng ta nghin cu phn CL cung cp ngun DC choNL, AQ ng thi vi h thng iu khin qu trnh phng np AQ. II)ACQUI 2.1.Khi nim acqui c qui l mt ngun in c tr nng lng in di dng ho. c qui l mt ngun in mt chiu cung cp in cho cc thit b in trong cng nghip cng nh trong i sng hng ngy: nh ng c in, bng n in, l ngun nui ca cc linh kin in t... c qui l ngun cung cp in cho cc ng c khi ng. Trong thc t c nhiu loi c qui nhng ph bin nht l hai loi c qui ch v c qui axit. 2.2. Cu tao v c im ca cc loi c qui: Cu trc ca mt c qui n gin gm c phn khi bn cc dng, phn khi bn cc m, cc tm ngn. Phn khi bn cc do cc bn cc cng tn ghp li vi nhau. Cu to ca mt bn cc trong c qui gm c phn khung xng v cht tc

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

1. V u b n cc 2. Ch t tc dng 3. Ct b n cc

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

dng trt ln n.

Khung xng ca bn cc m v bn cc dng c cu to ging nhau, chng c c t ch v chng c c t ch v c pha thm 5 8 % ngtimoan ( Sb ) v to hnh mt li. Ph gia Sb thm vo ch s lm tng dn in v ci thin tnh c. Trong thnh phn cht tc dng cn c thm khong 3 % cht n ( cc mui hu c ) tng xp, bn ca lp cht tc dng. Nh tng xp m ci thin c thm su ca cht dung dch in phn vo trong lng bn cc, ng thi din tch thc t tham gia phn ng ho hc ca cc bn cc cng c tng thm . Phn u ca mi bn cc c vu, cc bn cc dng ca mi c qui n c hn vi nhau to thnh khi bn cc dng, cc bn cc m c hn vi nhau thnh khi bn cc m. S lng cc bn cc trong mi c qui thng t 5 n 8, b dy tm bn cc dng ca c qui thng t 1,3 n 1,5 mm , bn cc m thng mng hn 0,2 n 0,3 mm . S bn cc m trong c qui thng nhiu hn s bn cc m mt bn nhm tn dng trit din tch tham gia phn ng ca cc bn cc. Tm ngn c b tr gia cc bn cc m v dng c tc dng ngn cch v trnh va p gia cc bn cc. Tm ngn c lm bng vt liu poly-vinyl-clo b dy 0,8 n 1,2 mm v c dng ln sng , trn b mt tm ngn c cc l cho pho dung dch in phn thng qua. 2.3. Qu trnh bin i nng lng trong c qui c qui l ngun nng lng c tnh cht thun nghch : n tch tr nng lng di dng ho nng v gii phng nng lng di dng in nng. Qu trnh c qui cp in cho mch ngoi c gi l qu trnh phng in, qu trnh c qui d tr nng lng c gi l qu trnh np in. 3.1. Qu trnh bin i nng lng trong c qui axit: Trong c qui axit c cc bn cc dng l ixit ch ( PbO2 ), cc bn m l ch ( Pb ), dung dich in phn l axit sunfuaric ( H2SO4 ) nng d = 1,1 1,3 % (- ) Pb H2SO4 d = 1,1 1,3 PbO2 ( + ) Phng trnh ho hc biu din qu trnh phng np ca c qui axit : phng PbO2 + 2H2SO4 + Pb 2PbSO4 + 2H2O np SVTH: L Phng 10 Lp T2 K41

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Th in ng e = 2,1 V. 3.2. Qu trnh bin i nng lng trong c qui kim: Trong c qui kim c bn cc dng l Ni(OH)3 , bn cc m l Fe, dung dch in phn l: KOH nng d = 20 % ( - ) Fe KOH d = 20% Ni(OH)3 ( + ) Phng trnh ho hc biu din qu trnh phng np ca c qui kim : phng Fe + 2Ni(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 + 2Ni(OH)2 np Th in ng e = 1,4 V. Nhn xt: T nhng iu trnh by trn ta nhn thy trong cc qu trnh phng np nng dung dch in phn l thay i. Khi c qui phng in nng dung dch in phn gim dn. Khi c qui np in nng dung dch in phn tng dn. Do ta c th cn c vo nng dung dch in phn nh gi trng thi tch in ca c qui. 2.4. Cc thng s c bn ca c qui: a.. Sc in ng ca c qui: Sc in ng ca c qui kim v c qui axit ph thuc vo nng dung dch in phn. Ngi ta thng s dng cng thc kinh nghim Eo = 0,85 + (V) trong : Eo - sc in ng tnh ca c qui ( V ) - nng dung dch in phn 15 C ( g/cm3 ) Trong qu trnh phng in th sc in ng Ep ca c qui c tnh theo cng thc: Ep = Up + Ip.rb trong : Ep - sc in ng ca c qui khi phng in ( V ) Ip - dng in phng ( A ) Up - in p o trn cc cc ca c qui khi phng in (V) rb - in tr trong ca c qui khi phng in ( ) Trong qu trnh np in th sc in ng En ca c qui c tnh theo cng thc: En = Un - In.rb SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 11

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

trong : En - sc in ng ca c qui khi np in ( V ) In - dng in np ( A ) Un - in p o trn cc cc ca c qui khi np in ( V ) rb - in tr trong ca c qui khi np in ( ) b. dung lng ca c qui: _Dung lng phng ca c qui l i lng nh gi kh nng cung cp nng lng in ca c qui cho ph ti, v c tnh theo cng thc : Cp = Ip.tp trong : Cp - dung dch thu c trong qu trnh phng ( Ah ) Ip - dng in phng n nh trong thi gian phng in tp ( A ) tp - thi gian phng in ( h ). _Dung lng np ca c qui l i lng nh gi kh nng tch tr nng lng ca c qui v c tnh theo cng thc : Cn = In.tn trong : Cn - dung dch thu c trong qu trnh np ( Ah ) In - dng in np n nh trong thi gian np tn ( A ) tn - thi gian np in ( h ). 2.5. c tnh phng np ca c qui: a.. c tnh phng acqui
I (A) E,U (V)

10

2,11 1,95 1,75

E UP V ng phng i n cho ph p

Khong ngh

CP =I P.tP
SVTH: L Phng 0 Lp T2 K41
2 4 6 8 10

t
12

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

c tnh phng ca c qui l th biu din quan h ph thuc ca sc in ng, in p c qui v nng dung dch in phn theo thi gian phng khi dng in phng khng thay i . T c tnh phng ca c qui nh trn hnh v ta c nhn xt sau: Trong khong thi gian phng t tp = 0 n tp = tgh, sc in ngin p, nng dung dch in phn gim dn, tuy nhin trong khong thi gian ny dc ca cc th khng ln, ta gi l giai on phng n nh hay thi gian phng in cho php tng ng vi mi ch phng in ca c qui ( dng in phng ). T thi gian tgh tr i dc ca th thay i t ngt .Nu ta tip tc cho c qui phng in sau tgh th sc in ng ,in p ca c qui s gim rt nhanh .Mt khc cc tinh th sun pht ch (PbSO4) to thnh trong phn ng s c dng th rn rt kh ho tan ( bin i ho hc) trong qu trnh np in tr li cho c qui sau ny. Thi im tgh gi l gii hn phng in cho php ca c qui, cc gi tr Ep, Up, ti tgh c gi l cc gi tr gii hn phng in ca c qui. c qui khng c phng in khi dung lng cn khong 80%. Sau khi ngt mch phng mt khong thi gian no, cc gi tr sc in ng, in p ca c qui, nng dung dch in phn li tng ln, ta gi y l thi gian hi phc hay khong ngh ca c qui. Thi gian hi phc ny ph thuc vo ch phng in ca c qui (dng in phng v thi gian phng ).

b.c tnh np acqui

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

13

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

c tnh np ca c qui l th biu din quan h ph thuc gia sc in ng , in p v nng dung dch in phn
I (A) U,E (V) 2,7 2,4 2 U T 1,95 V ng np ch nh 10 5 V ng np n
0 E

Khong ngh

10%C

10

Cn =I n.tn
t 0 2 4 6 8 ts 10 12

theo thi gian np khi tr s dng in np khng thay i . T th c tnh np ta c cc nhn xt sau : Trong khong thi gian t tn = 0 n tn = tgh th sc in ng, in p, nng dung dch in phn tng dn. Ti thi im ts trn b mt cc bn cc m xut hin cc bt kh (cn gi l hin tng" si " ) lc ny hiu in th gia cc bn cc ca c qui n tng n 2,4 V . Nu vn tip tc np gi tr ny nhanh chng tng ti 2,7 V v gi nguyn. Thi gian ny gi l thi gian np no, n c tc dng cho phn cc cht tc dng su trong lng cc bn cc c bin i tun hon, nh s lm tng thm dung lng phng in ca c qui. Trong s dng thi gian np no cho c qui ko di t 2 3 h trong sut thi gian hiu in th trn cc bn cc ca c qui v nng dung dch in phn khng thay i . Nh vy dung lng thu c khi c qui phng in lun nh hn dung lng cn thit np no c qui. Sau khi ngt mch np, in p, sc in ng ca c qui, nng dung dch in phn gim xung v n nh. Thi gian ny cng gi l khong ngh ca c qui sau khi np. SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 14

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Tr s dng in np nh hng rt ln n cht lng v tui th ca c qui. Dng in np nh mc i vi c qui l In = 0,1C10 . Trong C10 l dung lng ca c qui m vi ch np vi dng in nh mc l In = 0,1C10 th sau 10 gi c qui s y. V d vi c qui C = 180 Ah th nu ta np n dng vi dng in bng 10% dung lng ( tc In = 18 A ) th sau 10 gi c qui s y. 2.6. S khc nhau gia c qui kim v c qui axit: C hai loi c qui ny u c mt c im chung l tnh cht ti thuc loi dung khng v sc phn in ng. Nhng chng cn c mt s c im khc bit sau : c qui axit - Kh nng qu ti khng cao, dng np ln nht t c khi qu ti l Inmax = 20%C10 _Hin tng phng ln, do c qui nhanh ht in ngay c khi khng s dng. _S dng rng ri trong i sng, cng nghip c bit nhng ni c nhit cao va p ln nhng cng sut v qu ti va phi. _Dng trong t, xe my v cc ng c my n cng sut va v nh. _Gi thnh thp c qui kim _Kh nng qu ti rt ln dng in np ln nht khi c th t ti: Inmax = 50%C10 _Hin tng t phng nh. _S dng nhng ni c yu cu cng sut ln qu ti thng xuyn, c s dng vi cc thit b cng sut ln. _Dng ph bin trong cng nghip hng khng, hng hi v nhng ni nhit mi trng thp. _Gi thnh cao.

2.7.Cc phng php np c qui t ng. C ba phng php + + + np c qui l Phng php dng in. Phng php in p. Phng php dng p.

a. Phng php np c qui vi dng in khng i. y l phng php np cho php chn c dng np thch hp vi mi loi c qui, bo m cho c qui c no. y l phng php s SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 15

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

dng trong cc xng bo dng sa cha np in cho c qui hoc np s cha cho cc c qui b Sunfat ho. Vi phng php ny c qui c mc ni tip nhau v phi tho mn iu kin : Un 2,7.Naq Trong : Un - in p np Naq - s ngn c qui n mc trong mch Trong qu trnh np sc in ng ca c qui tng dn ln, duy tr dng in np khng i ta phi b tr trong mch np bin tr R. Tr s gii hn ca bin tr c xc nh theo cng thc :
R= U n 2,0 N aq In

Nhc im ca phng php np vi dng in khng i l thi gian np ko di v yu cu cc c qui a vo np c cng dung lng nh mc. khc phc nhc im thi gian np ko di, ngi ta s dng phng php np vi dng in np thay i hai hay nhiu nc. Trong trng hp hai nc, dng in np nc th nht chn bng ( 0,3 0,6 )C10 tc l np cng bc v kt thc nc mt khi c qui bt u si. Dng in np nc th hai l 0,1C10 b. Phng php np vi in p khng i. Phng php ny yu cu cc c qui c mc song song vi ngun np. Hiu in th ca ngun np khng i v c tnh bng (2,3V 2,5V) cho mi ngn n. Phng php np vi in p khng i c thi gian np ngn, dng np t ng gim theo thi gian.Tuy nhin dng phng php ny c qui khng c np no. V vy np vi in p khng i ch l phng php np b xung cho c qui trong qu trnh s dng. c. Phng php np dng p. y l phng php tng hp ca hai phng php trn. N tn dng c nhng u im ca mi phng php. i vi yu cu ca bi l np c qui t ng tc l trong qu trnh np mi qu trnh bin i v chuyn ho c t ng din ra theo mt trnh t t sn th ta chn phng n np c qui l phng php dng p. i vi c qui axit: bo m thi gian np cng nh hiu sut np th trong khon thi gian tn = 8h tng ng vi 7580 % dung lng c qui ta np vi dng in khng i l In = 0,1. V theo c tnh np ca c qui trong on np chnh th khi dng in khng i th in p, sc in ng ti t thay i, do bo m tnh ng u v ti cho thit b np. Sau thi gian 8 h c qui bt SVTH: L Phng 16 Lp T2 K41

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

u si lc ta chuyn sang np ch n p. Khi thi gian np c 10 h th c qui bt u no, ta np b xung thm 2 n 3h. i vi c qui kim : Trnh t np cng ging nh c qui axit nhng do kh nng qu ti ca c qui kim ln nn lc n dng ta c th np vi dng np In = 0,2C10 hoc np cng bc tit kim thi gian vi dng np In = 0,5C10 . Cc qu trnh np c qui t ng kt thc khi b ct ngun np hoc khi np n p vi in p bng in p trn 2 cc ca c qui, lc dng np s t t gim v khng. 2.8.Tnh ton v la chn acqui Cn c vo u ra ca b nghch lu c lp ngun dng in, ta c th chn c in p u vo t ln cquy.Gi s ta chn b nghch lu c lp ngun p mt pha Khi in p ra dng xung ch nht ,nu phn tch ra cc thnh phn ca chui Fourier s gm cc thnh phn sng hi vi bin bng: U(n)=-2
E ( 1 + cos(n)) n

Nh vy in p ra tn ti cc thnh phn sng hi bc l 1,3,5,7...vi bin bng , 3 , 5 .... in p ra c dng sin c th dng cc b lc lc b cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao . Gi s in p ra c lc ch cn thnh phn sng hi bc mt dng sin bin
4E =110(V) 110. 4 4E 4E 4E

suy ra

E=

= 86,4(V).

Nu s dng mt ngun 86,4(V) c mt u im l dng tiu th s nh nhng kch thc ca b chnh lu s ln hn, cng knh. khc phc iu ny ta ch s dng mt ngun p trung bnh E d=60(V)DC cung cp cho cquy v nghch lu. Sau khi qua b nghch lu s s dng mt my bin p nng in p ln 110V xoay chiu ph hp vi ti. SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 17

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

cquy c chn l loi c quy 12V. Nh vy ta cn mc 60/12=5 c quy mc ni tip nhau.

*Tnh ton dung lng ca c quy. Vi yu cu v cng sut ca UPS l 4 KVA, U r = 110(V ) ta cn s dng my bin p. Nu coi hiu sut ca my bin p l 95% th hiu sut pha s cp ca my bin p nghch lu l: Snghch lu=
4 0,95

= 4,21(KVA)

Ta gi s b nghch lu c hiu sut 0,8 suy ra cng sut cung cp u vo nghch lu = 0,8*4,21 = 3,368(KVA) Dng in cn thit np cho c quy l: Id=
3368 60

= 56,13(A)

Thng thng khi chn cquy phi chn dung lng ln hn 2 hoc 5 ln dung lng nh mc tu thuc vo loi c quy m bo cho c quy khng b hng Do trong b c quy c ni tr trong do in p u ra ca b chnh lu c tnh nh sau: Ucl=Ud+Ut Trong : Ucl: in p u ra b chnh lu. Ud: in p t trn hai u c quy. Ud=60(VDC) Ut: in p tn hao do ni tr ca c quy. Vi loi cquy 12V ta tra c ni tr trong ca cquy l r=0,0015 . Vy ni tr trong ca b cquy l R=0,0015*6*5=0,045( )(Mi acqui c 6 ngn). SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 18

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

in p u ra ca b chnh lu l: Ucl=60 + 56,13*0,045 = 62,53(VDC) Kt lun: -V c qui l ti c tnh cht dung khng km theo sc phn in ng cho nn khi c qui i m ta np theo phng php in p th dng in trong c qui s t ng dng nn khng kim sot c s lm si c qui dn n hng hc nhanh chng. V vy trong vng np chnh ta phi tm cch n nh dng np cho c qui. Khi dung lng ca c qui dng ln n 80% lc nu ta c tip tc gi n nh dng np th c qui s si v lm cn nc. Do n giai on ny ta li phi chuyn ch np c qui sang ch n p. Ch n p c gi cho n khi c qui thc s no. Khi in p trn cc bn cc ca c qui bng vi in p np th lc dng np s t ng gim v khng, kt thc qu trnh np. Tu theo loi c qui m ta np vi cc dng in np khc nhau + c qui axit : dng np In = 0,1C10 ; np cng bc vi dng in np In = 0,2C10 . + c qui kim : dng np In = 0,2C10; np cng bc vi dng in np In = 0,5C10 . Qua phn tch v yu cu k thut ca b lu in trn, em chn phng n thit k b chnh lu cho b lu in loi Offline UPS v n kh n gin v thit k v p ng c nhng i hi c bn ca 1 ngun in d phng. - Chn loi cquy 12V ( 5 cquy mc ni tip nhau ) - Trong + in p u ra ca b chnh lu l: 62,53 V + Dng in cn thit np cho cquy l: 56,13 ( A )

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

19

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

CHNG 2 L CHN V TNH TON MCH CHNH LU

Do yu cu ca bi l in p mt pha nn ta s chn la mch lc da trn mt s mch chnh lu mt pha c bn : 1. Chnh lu mt na chu k.
T U1

U2 R L

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

20

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Hnh 1. S chnh lu mt na chu k. s chnh lu mt na chu k hnh 8.1 sng in p ra mt chiu s b gin on trong mt na chu k khi in p anod ca van bn dn m, do vy khi s dng s chnh lu mt na chu k, chng ta c cht lng in p xu, tr s in p ti trung bnh ln nht c tnh: Udo = 0,45.U2 xu: Sba = 3,09.Ud.Id. (8 -2) nh gi chung v loi chnh lu ny chng ta c th nhn thy, y l loi chnh lu c bn, s nguyn l mch n gin. Tuy vy cc cht lng k thut nh: cht lng in p mt chiu; hiu sut s dng bin p qu xu. Do loi chnh lu ny t c ng dng trong thc t.Khi cn cht lng in p kh hn, ngi ta thng s dng s chnh lu c chu k theo cc phng n sau. 2. Chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh.
T1 U2 U1 U2 R T2

(8 -1)

Vi cht lng in p rt xu v cng cho ta h s s dng bin p

Hnh 2. S chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh. Theo hnh dng s , th bin p phi c hai cun dy th cp vi thng s ging ht nhau, mi na chu k c mt van dn cho dng in chy qua. Cho nn c hai na chu k sng in p ti trng vi in p cun dy c van dn. Trong s ny in p ti p mch trong c hai na chu k, vi tn s p mch bng hai ln tn s in p xoay chiu. Hnh dng cc ng cong in p, dng in ti (Ud, Id), dng in cc van bn dn I1, I2 v in p ca van T1 m t trn hnh 8.3a khi ti thun tr v trn hnh 8.3b khi ti in cm ln. SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41
4 0 1 2 3 5 4 0 1 2 3 5

21

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Ud 0 t1 p1 t2 I1

Id t p2 t3 p3 t I2 0 t1

Ud t2

Id t t3 t I2 t t

I1

t t

UT1 b c.

UT1

Hnh 3. Cc ng cong in p, dng in ti, dng in cc van v in p ca Tiristo T1 in p trung bnh trn ti, khi ti thun tr dng in gin on c tnh: Ud = Udo.(1+cos)/2. (8 -3). vi: - Udo: in p chnh lu khi khng iu khin v bng Udo = 0,9.U2

: Gc m ca cc Tiristo.
Khi ti in cm ln dng in, in p ti lin tc, lc ny in p mt chiu c tnh: Ud = Udo.cos (8 -4) Trong cc s chnh lu th loi s ny c in p ngc ca van phi chu l ln nht
U nv = 2 2U 2

Mi van dn thng trong mt na chu k, do vy dng in m van bn dn phi chu ti a bng 1/2 dng in ti , tr hiu dng ca dng in chy qua van Ihd = 0,71.Id . So vi chnh lu na chu k, th loi chnh lu ny c cht lng in p tt hn. Dng in chy qua van khng qu ln, tng in p ri trn van nh. i vi chnh lu c iu khin, th s hnh 8.2 ni SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 22

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

chung v vic iu khin cc van bn dn y tng i n gin. Tuy vy vic ch to bin p c hai cun dy th cp ging nhau, m mi cun ch lm vic c mt na chu k, lm cho vic ch to bin p phc tp hn v hiu sut s dng bin p xu hn, mt khc in p ngc ca cc van bn dn phi chu c tr s ln nht. 3. Chnh lu cu mt pha i xng
T4 T2 U2 T1 T3

Hnh 4. S chnh lu cu mt pha iu khin i xng. Hot ng ca s ny khi qut c th m t nh sau. Trong na bn k in p anod ca Tiristo T1 dng (+) (lc catod T2 m (-)), nu c xung iu khin cho c hai van T1,T2 ng thi, th cc van ny s c m thng t in p li ln ti, in p ti mt chiu cn bng in p xoay chiu chng no cc Tiristo cn dn (khong dn ca cc Tiristo ph thuc vo tnh cht ca ti). n na bn k sau, in p i du, anod ca Tiristo T3 dng (+) (catod T4 m (-)), nu c xung iu khin cho c hai van T3,T4 ng thi, th cc van ny s c m thng, t in p li ln ti, vi in p mt chiu trn ti c chiu trng vi na bn k trc. Chnh lu cu mt pha hnh 4 c cht lng in p ra hon ton ging nh chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh, nh s hnh 2. Hnh dng cc ng cong in p, dng in ti, dng in cc van bn dn v in p ca mt van tiu biu gn tng t nh trn 4 0 1 2 3 5 hnh 3a.b. Trong s ny dng in chy 4 qua 0 van ging nh s 1 2 3 5 hnh 2, nhng in p ngc van phi chu nh hn Unv = 2.U2. Vic iu khin ng thi cc Tiristo T1,T2 v T3,T4 nhiu khi gp kh khn cho trong khi m cc van iu khin, nht l khi cng sut xung khng ln. trnh vic m ng thi cc van nh trn, m cht lng in p chng mc no vn c th p ng c, ngi ta c th s dng chnh lu cu mt pha iu khin khng i xng. SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 23

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

4.Chnh lu cu mt pha khng i xng 4.1S nguyn l:

Hnh III.4 4.2.Nguyn l hot ng: S cu 1 pha khng i xng gm 2 Tiristior u Catt chung v 2 it u Ant chung. Ta c : O1l im gc tnh cho T1 O2l im gc tnh cho T2 D2 m cng T D1 m cng T2 na chu k dng in p bt u t O1 in p t ln T1> 0 nn ti O1+ pht xung vo T1 th T1 m cng D2 to thnh mch vng kn (+) ngun T1 ti D2 (-) ngun.Lc ny in p t ln T2< 0 nn T2 kho. na chu k m in p bt u t O 2 in p t ln ti D1 (-) ngun. SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 24

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Trong s ny, gc dn dng chy ca Tiristor v ca it khng bng nhau. - Gc dn ca it l :

D = +

- Gc dn ca Tiristor l : T = Gi tr trung bnh ca in p ti

Ud =

2U 2 sin d =

2U 2

(1 + cos )

Nu ly trc tip in p t li vi U =220V, ch dng khng i ta c:

1 + cos =

*U d 3,14 * 62,53 = =1,26 1,41 *110 2 *U 2

o

=> =75

Dng trung bnh qua Tiristor :

IT = 1 I d d = I d 2 2
180 75 =16,37(A) 360

56,13 *

Dng trung bnh qua it :

ID = 1 + + Id d = Id 2 2

= 56,13.(
I2 =

180 + 75 ) 360

=39,7 (A)

1 2 I d = I d 1 d

= 42,87 (A) Mt khc ta c khi in p ngun c s dao ng trong khong 220-25%-:-220+10% tc l trong khong 165 V-:-242 V th tnh ton tng t nh trn ta thy c s thay i trong khong 48
0

-:- 81,5o

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

25

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Nhn xt : S chnh lu iu khin 1 pha khng i xng c cu to n gin, gn nh , d iu khin , tit kim van . Thch hp cho cc my c cng sut nh v va.

*Kt lun: Qua phn tch 3 phng n trn ta chn s chnh lu cu 1 pha khng i xng vi nhng u im sau: - S dng 2 van thyristor, 2 it, tit kim hn nn gim gi thnh cho b bin i. - Mch lc v s iu khin n gin. - Vic np c quy khng c yu cu cao v cht lng in p SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 26

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

- Ly in trc tip t ngun in 220V,60Hz . - Cng sut ca b ngun UPS khng ln (4KVA) thch hp vi s chnh lu bn iu khin 1 pha. I.1.Tnh chn van thyristor Tnh chn da vo cc yu t c bn dng ti, iu kin to nhit,in p lm vic, cc thng s c bn ca van c tnh nh sau : in p ngc ln nht m Thyristor phi chu : Ung max =
2U 2 = 1,41.220=310,2(V).

Chn iu kin lm mt ca van bng qut nn: in p ngc ca van cn chn : Ung = KdtU . Ungmax =1,7 . 310,2 = 527,34 (V) KdtU - h s d tr in p ,chn KdtU =1,7 . Dng ln nht qua van: Ilv =
Id 2

56,13 2

= 28,06 (A)

Chn iu kin lm vic ca van l c cnh to nhit v y din tch to nhit; qut i lu khng kh ,vi iu kin dng nh mc ca van cn chn : Im =ki Ilv =(22,5).28,06A an ton ta chn cc thng s sau : - in p ngc cc i ca van: - nh xung dng in: - Dng in ca xung iu khin: - in p ca xung iu khin: - Dng in r: Un = 600 (V) Ipik = 415 (A) Ik = 50 (mA) Uk = 2,5 (V) Ir = 3 (mA) - Dng in nh mc ca van: Im = 80 (A) Im= 2,5 .28,06 = 70,15A T cc thng s Unv ,Imv ta chn 2 Thysistor k hiu S8012MH c

- St p ln nht ca Thyristor trng thi dn l : U = 1,9 (V) SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 27

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k
dU = dt

- Tc bin thin in p - Thi gian chuyn mch

500 (V/s)

: tcm = 50(s)

- Nhit lm vic cc i cho php :Tmax = 125 oC 2.Tnh ton chn it cng sut Dng in chnh lu cc i chy qua it l: Imax = 0.7Id =70,15.0,75 = 56,6 (A) in p ngc ln nht m it phi chu : Unmax= - in p ngc ca van: - nh xung dng in: - Dng in r :
2

U2 =310,2 (V).

T cc thng s trn ta chn 2 it KY719 c cc thng s sau: Un = 360(V) Im = 60(A) Ipik = 400(A) Ir = 0,01(mA) - Dng in nh mc ca van:

- Tn hao in p trng thi m ca it : U =1,1(V) - Nhit lm vic cc i cho php :Tmax = 150 oC Tnh ton chn thit b bo v van thyristor cng sut Trong qu trnh van hot ng th van phi c lm mt van khng b ph hng v nhit v vy ta tnh ton ch lm mt c th cho van ri. Tuy nhin, van cng c th b hng khi van phi chu tc tng dng, tng p qu ln.Nhng v dng ch tng c. trnh hin tng qu p trn van dn n hng van ta phi c nhng bin php thch hp bo v van. Bin php bp v van thng dng nht l mc mch R, C song song van bo v qu p v mc ni tip cun khng hn ch tc tng dng. khi qua thyistor trong thi gian rt ngn 1 3s nn van c th chu

Ti SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 28

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Cc thit b bn dn ni chung cng nh Thyristor rt nhy cm vi in p v tc bin thin in p (

du dt

) t ln n .

Cc nguyn nhn gy nn qu p th chia thnh hai loi : - Nguyn nhn bn ngoi : Do ct t ngt mch in cm,do bin i t ngt cc tnh ca ngun, khi cu chy bo v t hoc khi c sm st. - Nguyn nhn bn trong ( ni ti ) : Khi van chuyn t trng thi m sang trng thi kho, do s phn b khng u in p trong cc van mc ni tip. y ta quan tm n vic bo v qu in p do cc nguyn nhn bn trong gy ra. Nguyn nhn qu in p trn van l do s sut hin dng in ngc chy qua mi van khi n chuyn t trng thi m sang trng thi kho. Dng in ngc ny suy gim rt nhanh do vy s sut hin s qu in p
U qda = L di dt

khc phc hin tng qu in p ny ta dng mch R-L-C nhng do mch c tnh cht in cm nn ta ch cn dng mch R-C u song song nh hnh v. Theo kinh nghim Chn :R = 100 ; C= 0,5 F Khi van kha dng in ngc s chuyn t van sang mch bo v

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

29

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Chng 3 Thit K v tnh ton Mch iu khin I.

kin :

Nguyn l thit k mch iu khin.

1. Thyristor ch m cho dng chy qua khi tho mn hai iu

UAK > 0 IG > 0 Khi thyristor chuyn sang trng thi dn th cc iu khin khng cn tc dng. Thyristor ch tr v trng thi kho nu dng in IA < IH. ( IH : dng in duy tr ) Chc nng ca mch iu khin : + iu chnh c v tr xung trong phm vi na chu k dng ca in p t ln A-K ca thyristor. SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 30

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

+ To ra c cc xung diu kin m thyristor, rng xung tx c tnh theo biu thc:
tx = IH di / dt

di/dt : tc bin thin dng ti. 2.Cu trc mch iu khin thyristor. UAK : in p iu khin ( in p mt chiu ). Ut : in p ta ( ng b vi in p A-K ca thyristor ). Hiu in p | Uk - Ut | a vo khu so snh. a. Trig: u ra nhn c mt chui xung ch nht. b. Khu to xung. c. Khu khuch i xung. d. Khu bin p xung. Thay i Uk c th iu chnh c v tr xung iu khin tc l iu chnh c gc 3. Nguyn tc iu khin. C hai nguyn tc: a. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh: Uk + Ut a n u vo ca mt khu so snh, bng cnh lm bin i Uk ta c th iu chnh c thi im xut hin xung tc l iu chnh c gc . Khi Uk = 0 ta c = 0 Khi Uk < 0 ta c > 0 Quan h gia v Uk nh sau :
=
U dk U t max

Ta ly Ukmax = Utmax. b. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng arccos. Nguyn tc ny dng hai in p : in p ng b Ut vt trc in p A-K ca thyristor mt gc bng /2. ( Nu UAK = Asin t th Ut = Bcos t ). SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 31

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

UAK c th iu khin c theo hai hng dng v m. Ut + Uk c a n u vo khu so snh. Khi U t + Uk = 0 ta nhn c mt xung u ra ca khu so snh. Uk + Bcos = 0 = arccos( -Uk/B ). Thng ly B = Ukmax. Khi Uk = 0 th = /2. Nguyn tc ny c s dng trong cc thit b chnh lu cht lng cao. Nhn xt: Yu cu ca iu p xoay chiu ba pha c th dng nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh v n n gin v p ng c yu cu mch lc. iu khin thyristor trong s chnh lu hin nay thng gp l iu khin theo nguyn tc thng ng tuyn tnh. Ni dung ca nguyn tc ny c th m t theo gin hnh di y:

Khi in p xoay chiu hnh sin t vo anod ca thyristor, c th iu khin c gc m ca thyristor trong vng in SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 32

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

p+anod, ta cn to mt in p ta dng tam gic, ta thng gi l in p ta hay in p rng ca Urc. Nh vy in p ta cn c trong vng in p dng anod. Dng mt in p mt chiu Uk so snh vi in p ta. Ti thi im (t1,t4) in p ta bng in p iu khin (U rc=Uk), trong vng in p dng anod, th pht xung iu khin Xk. Thyristor c m ti thi im c xung iu khin (t1,t4) cho ti cui bn k (hoc ti khi dng in bng 0). ii. S khi mch iu khin thc hin c nu trong phn nguyn l iu khin trn, mch iu khin bao gm cc khi c bn trn hnh v sau:
To tn o hiu To in p ta Khi so snh To dng xung vung Khuych i v to xung u ra

U
Khi ng pha

Dao To k ng to in Tiristo xung p vung iu khin Nhim v ca cc khi trong s iu khin.

-Khi ng pha: c nhim v to in p ta U rc (thng gp l in p dng rng ca tuyn tnh) trng pha vi in p anod ca thyristor. -Khi to in p i khin:in p iu khin l in p mt chiu tng hp tn hiu dng in a vo khi so snh cngvi in p ng pha. -Khi so snh :c nhim v so snh gia in p ta vi in p iu khin Uk, tm thi im hai in p ny bng nhau (U k=Urc).

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

33

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Ti thi im hai in p ny bng nhau, th pht xung u ra gi sang tng khuych i. Khi so snh nh hng rt ln ti sai lch tn hiu tnh ca h thng. Khi ny thng c thit k bng vi mch hoc bn dn nn kch thc nh gn , tin cy cao ,gi thnh h. -Khi to xung :c nhim v to xung ph hp m thyristor.Bao gm :khu sa xung sa cha hnh dng xung cho ph hp kinh t nht, khu khuch i v to xung u ra to xung c bin v rng cn thit m thyristo chc chn. u ra c th a trc tip ti Ti hoc gin tip qua bin p xung ,tranzito quang cch li vi mch ng lc III..Tnh ton mch iu khin 1. Khu khuch i xung v bin p xung.

+15V MBAX d7 R12 D6 d9 T1 T2 d10 d8

a.Tnh bin p xung : *Trong s trn : - in tr R11 hn ch dng qua transitor - D6 chng qu p trn transitor SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 34

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

- D9,D7 ngn xung m vo cc iu khin - D10,D8 gim qu p trn trn tip gip G-K khi thyristor phn cc ngc * Tc dng ca bin p xung: - Bin p xung c nhim v to xung iu khin v cch ly mch iu khin v mch lc - Bin p xung l loi bin p c bit ,trong in p t ln pha s cp c dng xung ch nht m khng phi l in p hnh sin , tn s lm vic ca bin p xung c th vi trm Hz n hng trm kHz - S tng ng : sBin p xung c s vng dy rt t ( w <= 100) , do in tr thun ca cun dy rt nh c th b qua , in cm tn ca cun dy cng c th b qua - Cc i lng trn s : r : in tr trong ca ngun in p E : ngun in p xung ch nht N= w1/w2 : t s bin ca my bin p R= R/N2 : in tr ti tng ng I= N.i2 : dng ti tng ng U = U /N : in p tng ng trn ti L = ( a wt2 S) / l : in cm t ho bin p xung
a = . 0 : t thm tuyt i
0= 4 10
-7

H/m

S : tit din mch t , l chiu di trung bnh ca mch t. Chn t s ca bin p xung N=2 SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 35

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Ta bit in p th cp ca bin p xung: U2 = Ug = 2,5 V in p cun s cp bin p xung U1 = U2.N = 2,5 . 2 = 5(V). Dng in th cp ca bin p xung I2 = Ig = 50 mA Dng in cun s cp ca bin p xung
I1 = I2/N = 50/2 = 25 m A

t thm : = 6000 A/m Li st dng vt liu ferit , din tch li S = 1 cm 2 t ho : BS = 0,45 tesla ta bit U1 = w1 / t = w1 /tx = w1 Bs.S/tX suy ra : w1= .B .S s tx: chiu di ca xung
W1 = 5.400.106 44 0,45.1.10 4

U 1 .t x

vng

S vng cun th cp BAX l:

w2 = w1 44 = = 22 vng N 2

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

36

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

mt dng in J = 2 A/mm2 tit din dy qun s cp

S1 = I 1 0,025 = = 0,0125mm 2 J 2

ng knh ca dy qun s cp
d1 = 4S1 = 4.0,0125 = 0.126mm 2

tit din dy qun th cp

S2 = I 2 0,05 = = 0,025mm 2 J 2

tit din dy qun th cp

d2 = 4S 2 = 4.0,025 = 0.17mm 2

b-Tnh khu khuch i xung: Ta c : Ug = 2.5 V Ig = 50 mA Nh vy: U2 = 2,5 V , I2 = 50 mA. in p bn s cp ca bin p xung : U1 = N. U2 = 2 . 2,5 = 5 V I1 = I2/ N = 50/2 = 25 mA Chn bng T3 vi cc thng s : UCE = 35 V ICE = 3 A
=10

gi tr ca R20 R20 =
E 2 U 1 12 5 = = 280() I1 0,025

Dng in qua cc baz ca T3 :

CT 3 1 IBT3 = = = 25 = 2mA 3 3 SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

50

37

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Dng qua emit ca T2 cng chnh l dng baz ca T3: IET2 = IBT3 = 2mA 2. Khu ng pha

MBA D1 R0
1

Uv

D2

*in p ng pha ta chn l - 15 + 15 dng in I = 100 mA D1, D2 ta chn loi 1001 c cc thng s U = 220 V I =1A * Hot ng ca s : Trong na chu k u in p t ln D1 l ngc v in p t ln D2 l thun , in p l in p cun w 22 ,trong na chu k tip theo D1 phn cc thun cn D2 phn cc ngc in p ra l in p ca cun w21 nh vy in p ra ly phn phn m ca in p ngun.

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

38

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

3. Khu dch in p:

R1

+ 12V

R2

-12V

+ 15V VR1 R3

4. Khu ng b to in p rng ca. * S :

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

39

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

R4 VR2
D3 R5

C1
+12V

R6

-12V

nu dng qua t c gi tr khng i th in p trn t thay i theo quy lut tuyn tnh : U C = IC.t / C . Do IC/C =UC/t =6.103 .T dng qua t c gia tr l: Chn t C =0,22uF IC =1,32mA => R5 =Un/UC = 12/(1,32.10-3) = 9 K Chn R5 =9K IC = C.6.103

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

40

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Trong khong 9ms cn li ;dng qua t C bng dng qua in tr VR2+R4 . Ta phi chn ga tr dng in sao cho t C phng in v n 0 V sau ng 9ms . Trong khong thi gian ny in p C thay i theo quy lut UC = 6V (IC/C)/9.10-3 =>IC = 0,15.10-3 mA =>VR2+R4 = 12/0,15.10-3 = 80K hiu chnh c in p trn t C ng =0V sau 9ms th : R4 = 51 K ; VR1 =51 K

4- Khu so snh. * s

R7 R10 Udk

*nguyn l hot ng : in p rng ca c a vo cc khng o ca khu so snh , cn in p iu khin c a vo cc o ca khu ny , nh vy y l khu so snh khng o : khi Urc < Udk th Ura - E1 khi Urc > Udk th Ura + E1 khi Urc = Udk th khu so snh lt trng thi ca u ra. SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 41

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Chn in tr hn ch u vo R7 = R27 = 15 k Khuch i thut ton ta chn loi TL 084 vi ngun nui Vcc =
E1 = 12V

So snh in p iu khin vi in p rng ca ta c chui xung vung lin tip

5. Tnh chn cng AND . * k hiu v bng chn l :

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

42

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

* ta chn cng AND h CMOS loi IC 4081 vi thng s Vdd=12V Nhit lm vic : - 400 n 800 C Cng sut tiu th p = 2,5 nW/ 1cng 6. Tnh chn b to xung chm :Ta s dng vi mch 555 * s
R8
+ 12V

C2

-12V

R9

D5
6

Vi tn s mong mun f = 10 kHz ta phi chn R = 100 ; C2=0,7 F Tn s c tnh theo biu thc
f = 1 2.0,693.RC

= 10000Hz

T T0 = 0,1(ms) Ta iu chnh R8=R9=R. SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 43

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

CHNG IV MCH PHN HI I-Mch phn hi dng:

+15V R24 VR4 R22 RS R23

-12V -12V +12V

R26
+12V

R25

Dng in cn n nh gy ln st p trn in tr sun Rs,ta gi s st p l 3(V) qua khu khuych i c a n IC2 v qua IC2 ta c hm bin i: Uk=(U+Uht)*K (K l h s khuych i) Nu dng np tng ln suy ra US tng th Uht tng khi Uk c tng ln lm tng theo dn n Ud gim, suy ra dng np gim ti gi tr cn n nh. Gi s IC1 c h s khuych i l 5 ta chn cc gi tr nh sau R22=R23=1k,R24 =5k. +V=18V,R26= 1k.(H s khuych i K=2) Vi gi tr chn nh vy s m bo khng nh hng ti mch v an ton cho IC Tl084 c chn.

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

44

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

II- Mch phn hi p:

+15V R18 VR3 R14 R16 R15 R17

-12V -12V +12V

R20
+12V

R19

Nguyn l ging ht nh mch phn hi dng in nhng ch khc l ta ly in p phn hi t chit p.Vy chn: R16=R17=1k,R16 =5k. +V=18V, R20=1k St p ta chn l 2,4 (V)suy ra chn R14=117k,R15=3k.

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

45

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

iii. Mch iu khin v dng in p:

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

46

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

R8
+12V

+15V MBAX d7 D5
6 7

MBA D1 R4 Uv R0
1

C1 C2
+12V

-12V

R1

+12V

R9
+12V

R12

d8

VR2
2

AND D6 R11 T1 T2

R2 D2

-12V

D3 R5

R7
-12V

d9 d10

R6

-12V

D4

+15V VR1 R3

Udk

+15V R18 VR3 R14 R16 R15 R17

-12V -12V +12V

R13 R20
+12V

T1 ~220V

T2 + e RS d2

R14

R19

R21

D1

R15

x
+12V

R28

R29

Z
+15V R24 VR4 R22 RS R23
-12V -12V +12V

-12V

+ -

2,4V

R26
+12V

NOT R27

R25

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

47

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

iv. th qu trnh iu khin:

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

48

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Kt lun

Qua mt thi gian lm vic vi s n lc ca bn thn v s hng dn tn tnh ca cc thy, c bit l c thy V Minh Chnh hng dn trc tip, ti nay em hon thnh n mn hc ca mnh . Qua qu trnh lm vic, em nm vng hn phn l thuyt hc trong nh trng v c thm s hiu bit nhiu trong thc t. Tuy nhin do ni dung cng vic hon ton mi m, tm hiu bit cn hn ch nn n mn hc ny khng trnh khi thiu st. Em mong cc thy ch bo gip em hon thnh tt hn na nhim v ca mnh. Em xin chn thnh cm n. H Ni ngy 04 thng 12 nm 2004 Sinh vin thc hin

L Phng

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

49

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

Mc lc Trang
2

Chng1. Cng ngh v yu cu k thut I. UPS 1. Vn cung cp in cho nhng ti nhy cm

2 2.Gii php dng UPS 3 3. ng dng UPS 4 4.Phn loi UPS. 5 5.S nguyn l hot ng UPS 7 II Acqui 7 1.Khi nim 2.Cu to v c im 8 3.Qu trnh bin i nng lng 8 4.Thng s c bn 9 5.c tnh phng np ca acqui 11 6.S khc nhau gia acqui axit v acqui kim 13 7.Cc phng php np acqui 13 8.Tnh ton dung lng acqui 14 Chng2. La chn v tnh ton mch chnh lu 18 I.Chnh lu na chu k 18 SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41 50

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

II.Chnh lu c chu k vi bin p c trung tnh 18 III.Chnh lu cu 1 pha iu khin hon ton 20 IV.Chnh lu cu 1 pha bn iu khin 20 Chng3.Thit k v tnh ton mch iu khin 28 I.Nguyn l thit k mch iu khin. 28 II.S khi mch iu khin . 30 III.Tnh ton mch iu khin 31 Chng 4. Mch phn hi 40 I.Mch phn hi dng in II.Mch phn hi in p III. S mch Iu khin IV. th qu trnh iu khin 43 40 41 42

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

51

 n TCS UPS

Thit k b CL ca ngun

SVTH: L Phng

Lp T2 K41

52

 n TCS b CL ca ngun UPS

Thit k

SVTH: L Phng Lp T2 K41

53