I.

KHI QUT CHUNG:

1. Tn nc: Vng quc Thi Lan 2. Th : Bng-cc (t nm 1782) 3. Din tch: 514.000 km2. 4. V tr a l: Nm ng Nam . Pha bc gip Lo v Myanma. Pha ng gip Cam-pu-chia v Vnh Thi Lan; pha Nam gip Malaysia; pha Ty gip bin Andaman v Mianma. 5. Dn s: 63,04 triu ngi (2007) trong ngi Thi chim 75%, ngi Hoa 14%, cc dn tc khc 11%. 6. Tn gio: o Pht c coi l quc o, chim khong 95% dn s, ngoi ra c o Hi (4%), Thin cha gio v cc o khc (1%). 7. Ngn ng: Ngn ng chnh l ting Thi. Ting Anh c dng ph bin. 8. Ngy quc khnh: 5/12 (l ngy sinh nht Vua Bhumibol Adulyadej) 9. Tin t: ng Baht (THB). 10. Th ch nh nc: Qun ch lp hin. - Nguyn th quc gia l Nh Vua: V danh ngha Nh Vua l ngi ng u nh nc, Tng T lnh qun i v l ngi bo tr Pht gio. - Quc hi: Theo Hin php ngy 24/8/2007, Quc hi Thi Lan l Quc hi lng vin. H vin (c quan lp php) gm 480 gh v Thng vin gm 150 gh. - Chnh ph: Bao gm 36 thnh vin gm 3 Ph Th tng, 21 B trng v 11 Th trng. Ngoi ra cn c mt s y ban ca Chnh ph c lp ra phi hp thc hin cc chnh sch chung.

KHI QUT CHUNG

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Thi Lan (tn chnh thc: Vng quc Thi Lan, ting Thi: Racha-anachak Thai), l mt quc gia nm vng ng Nam , pha Bc gip Lo v Myanma, pha ng gip Lo v Campuchia, pha Nam gip vnh Thi Lan v Malaysia, pha Ty gip Myanma v bin Andaman. Lnh hi Thi Lan pha ng Nam gip vi lnh hi Vit Nam vnh Thi Lan, pha Ty Nam gip vi lnh hi Indonesia v n bin Andaman. Thi Lan l mt quc gia qun ch lp hin ng u l vua Bhumibol Adulyadej ln ngi t nm 1946, v nguyn th quc gia ti v lu nht trn th gii v v vua tr v lu nht trong lch s Thi Lan.[2] Vua Thi Lan theo nghi thc l nguyn th, tng t lnh qun i v nh lnh o tinh thn Pht gio ca t nc. Th Bng Cc l thnh ph ln nht v l trung tm chnh tr, thng mi, cng nghip v vn ha
Thi Lan c din tch 514.000 km2 ln th 49 trn th gii v ng th 3 ng Nam (sau Indonesia v Myanma). Thi Lan l mi nh chung ca mt s vng a l khc nhau, tng ng vi cc vng kinh t. Pha Bc c a hnh i ni, vi im cao nht (2.576 m) l Doi Inthanon. Pha ng Bc l Cao nguyn Khorat c bin gii t nhin v pha ng l sng Mekong y l vng trng nhiu sn nht ca Thi Lan do kh hu v t ai ph hp vi cy sn. Trung tm ca t nc ch yu l vng ng bng sng Chao Phraya ra vnh Thi Lan. Min Nam l eo t Kra m rng dn v pha bn o M Lai.

v dn s khong 67.070.000 (12/2009) chim 0,96% dn s th gii. Khong 75% dn s l dn tc Thi, 14% l ngi gc Hoa v 3% l ngi M Lai, phn cn li l nhng nhm dn tc thiu s nh Mn, Khmer v cc b tc khc.C khong 2,2 triu ngi nhp c hp php v bt hp php Thi Lan. Ngn ng chnh thc l ting Thi. Pht gio Nam Tng c coi l quc gio Thi Lan vi t l ngi theo o trn l 95%, l 1 trong nhng quc gia Pht gio ln nht th gii theo t l dn s. Hi gio chim 4,6% dn s v Cng gio Rma khc chim 0,7% dn s.

Kinh t Thi Lan pht trin nhanh t 1985 n 1995 v tr thnh mt quc gia cng nghip mi trong du lch vi nhng im n ni ting nhAyutthaya, Pattaya, Bangkok, Phuket, Krabi, Chiang Mai, v Ko Samui v xut khu ng gp ln cho nn kinh t. Thi Lan cng tng c gi l Xim La, y l tn gi chnh thc ca nc ny n ngy 11 thng 5 nm 1949[8]. T "Thi" () trong ting Thi c ngha l "t do". "Thi" cng l tn ca ngi Thi hin l dn tc thiu s c s dn ng k Trung Quc, vn ly tn l "Xim". T "Thi Lan" trong ting Vit c xut x t ting Anh Thailand (trong land ngha l t nc, x s), v Thailand c dch t (Prathet Thai) vi ngha l "nc Thi". Trong ting Thi, tn ca Thi Lan l (Racha Anachakra Thai). Hai ch (Racha) v (Anachakra) th c gc t ting Phn: Racha c ngha l "quc vng", Anachakra c ngha l "lnh th". Trong khi , (Thai) l mt ch ting Thi c ngha l "t do". ca cm t Racha Anachakra Thai l "Vng quc ca ngi t do". Ting Thi cn gi nc Thi l (Mng Thai) hay (Pratht Thai). Hai ch Mng v Pratht c cng ngha "nc ca ngi". Nhiu nh ngn ng hc ni ch (Mng) l ng m ngha vi ch "mng" trong ting Vit. Trong ting Vit, vng quc ny c gi l "Thi Lan". T ny c gc Hn-Vit v ting Anh. ng ra th "Thi Lan" n t Thailand trong ting Anh nhng ngy xa trong ting Vit khng phin m c Thailand v, do , phi ch ra mt m ngi Vit c c. Cc nh Hn hc Vit Nam dng hai ch Hn c cch pht m gn vi t Thailand nh cc nh Hn hc ng thng dng: hai ch ny l "Thi Lan" (). "Thi" () c dng dch m Thai hay Tai, v cng thng c dng gi ngi Thi; "Lan" () dng dch m Land, nh trong "Ba Lan" ( - Poland), "i Nh Lan" ( - Ireland), v.v. Trung Quc, vng quc ny c gi l "Thi Quc" (), hay "Thi Vng Quc" (). Ngi Vit trc y cn gi Thi Lan l "Xim La" () v ngi Thi l "ngi Xim".

TN GI
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