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@ a@@b@b@pba
@

@ Haa@pbbaI@a@a@pba@aa@MQ
@k@a@@@vn@a@y@@bnm@a@a@pba@b@ra@a@ bja@a@@a@na@aa
@ Nbnaa
@

@ pbza@ba@ba@MR
@a@@pzn@a@pbza@ba@b@a@a@@a@k
@a@z@HSuper ElevationI@ba@m@ana@k@~@HVPI
@ Njna@pbaa@ky
@

@ nibra@aa MS
@@ @ a@ a@ zna@ ua@ b@ nibra@ aa@ ana@
@pba@ @ a@ uaa@ @ m@ b@ ~a@ @ @ a@ ba
@ Na@a@aa@@@@b@n
@

@n@a@zna@ua@@bu@@ ba@i@a@a@b@MT

@k@p<K

20

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@a@@ya@@@ @u@~zna@a@a@@@@@a@a@@bja@@ba@b
@ NHibnI@u@bu@bna@@taa@aa
@

@a@a@@a@ba@a@x@@@@ya@ba@@a@y@ @ @pba@@ba@a@n
@oa@a@a@@bj@@a@@@b@ba@~ba@i@ a@y@@@ba@~bbi@b@u
@ NaHQUPI@@m@pbb@@@@a@@k
@

@a@@@i@aHSPI@@m@pbb@@oa@a@@a@aa@pa@ija@a@pb@nm
@ Na@y@a@ija@a@pb@ana@@a@@@~ba@oi@a@y@a@i@m
@

@
@ aa@by@MU
@@wbi@n@a@k@b@~au@bjm@i@pbaa@by@@a@k
@an@a@@~b@@@ama@@k@~ya@@pa
@@ b@ ba@ ana@ k@ a@ @ j@ aHQUPI@ @ @ i@
@ Na@@aa@by
@
@

@k@ a@ bqa@ a@ by@ @ jm@ a@ a@ @ ua@ paba@ MV

@a@@paba@m@k@b@~Hni@a@b@I@bnm@a@bnaa
@ Nba@bia@a@m@@bi@a@cj@a@a@b@@a
@
@

@ba@cj@s@bjm@@i@ua@aa@@~ba@uba@@@b@bna@@a@zna@ua@aa@MW
@@ bqa@ a@ a@ paaua@ @ ba@ k@ ~ua@ @ aa@ n@ a@ a@ @ a@ q@ @ a@ @ @ la
@ Naa
@

@ a@zna@ua@b@z@MX
@

@a@ zna@ m@ @ ba@ anbi@ Hba@ I@ a@ b@ @ a@ k@ ~a@ pavna@ bna@ @ Mc

@ Na@ua@ba@|zm@ab@@a@@a@zna@z@j@b@~b
@

@~ua@@a@a@bi@@a@zna@a@@dna@au@a@@~a@zna@@@@bna@@ Ml
@ N@ba@a@n@@@@dn@n@i@a@@ja@nm@a@k
@

@paba@m@a@m@k@b@~a@@@bz@pbna@a@@b@a@@ua@@b@k@Mx
@@y@k@a@@@ba@b@ba@ua@i@m@a@na@@~na@a@na@pba
@ Nu@b@pa@a@udi@ua@@m@k@u@@ba@a@u@aa@~a@bqa@bz@k@a@ba@bqa
@

@ a@kbu@@a@a@MY
@a@na@pbja@@z@b@a@@m@@~a@bqa@n@ja@a@a@kbu@@xbn
@k@p<K

21

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@@@~a@by@@bnaHUI@i@@b@aa@a@pa@@@a@m@k
@~a@aa@pby
@ Nua@a@a@@a@b@@bnaHQPI@i@@b@
@
@@ky@b@jba@a@b
a@y@@bn@a@@@a@a@@a@yb@@yb@@a
@ MQP
@ Na@bm@j@a@y
@

@b@~@a@|n@@a@a@ja@@a@@@
a@@@l@@b@@a@k
@MQQ
@b@@@a@b@b@i@a@@ zna@ua@@@b@ba@a@@b@a@b@@k
@ Na@ana@b@a@@aa@pana@m@@a@@m@a@k@ba@paba

@k@p<K

22

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@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@

@ sbra@
@na@a@ba@pa@bc

@k@p<K

23

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@ na@a@ba@pa@bc
@

@@a@a@ba@@a@bba@@b@b@ob@a@ba @@@a@@ bia@ba@bdi@ba@m@ @

@aa@@@~i@@b@b@bba@@b@b@a@ba@@@a@@ba@o@ab@Ni@b@a@ba
@@m@di@ba@bdi@ba@k@~b@m@@a@by@pa@@@aa@@a@@bm@ba@a
@ N@m@di
@paba@@ a@b@@ba@m@oa@@@na@l@@knm@a@@ba@a@a@b@ba@k
@~n@na@a@a@j@a@j@@ba@la@@i@y@@bjm@k@~a@aa@@t@a
@ Na@b@n@a@la@aa@@bu@ba@ba@m
@

< ^]<]
@pbj@jba@aa@@zni@ba@a@@sy@~ybna@aa@bna@@ba@a@bna@@jna@ba@ba
@ Nja@aya@a@ba@aya@@ba@a@bna@@bjna@@@m@a@k@a@aa@a@@~ba
@

< <^]<l]
@aa@@j@ui@ba@n@@~pba@b@@na@pba@paa@ba@@p@aa@@um
@u@ b@ by@ @ paa@ m@ a@ pbaa@ knm@ a@ ~bana@ @ bnby@ na@ paa@ pbe@ ba
@ Na@@u@@q@@@@fna@@b@u@i@b
@

@ Zna@a@pb@b@@j@@ana@ba@ba@paa@pb@|m
@

@ a@aa@pa@b@MQ
@ @b
@ Haa@b@Ia
@
@ la
@ Na@b
@

@ ba@b@MR
@ na@b
@
@ e@a@b@
@

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@ NH@m@y@pbyI@ana@a@@ba@pby
@

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@ a@y@bbi@b@pa
@ a@b@aa@pa
@k@p<K

24

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@ Nb@bm
@

@ na@a@pbj@l
@

@~@aja@@ny@k@u@@ji@na@a@cj@sy@~b@a@z@zn@i@bj@a@m@@cjm
@ MZbnb@m@a@a@pbj@l@@~@p@na@a@a@
@
@A, B...Z@bna@na@ky@bc@i@@ky@la@kmm@n@@

@@j@@buam@la@c@ky@@a@a@@kma@a@m@@c@@

@k@p<K

Alligator / Fatigue Cracking

a@c@ybna@a

Block Cracking

ja@a

Longitudinal and transverse

a@a@a

Rutting

na

Patching

Pothole

Shoving

ya

Depression

pbja

Bumps and Sags

pbizna@pana

Corrugation

pbuna

QP

Joint Reflection Cracking

ba@aa@

QQ

Swell

bna

QR

Polished Aggregate

a@@c@i

QS

Raveling and Weathering

fna@bna

QT

Patch@Utility Cut

pba@pby@

QU

Bleeding or Flushing

oa@|@a@a

QV

Edge Cracking

jba@a

@ QW

Slippage Cracks

a@a

@ QX

Lane-Shoulder Drop-off

paba@bnc@

QY

Railroad Crossing

a@@bm

RP

25

]<^<i

@@Nla@@@@ba@pbm@na@lbja@Lba@@La@pbn@La@La@ @a@a@
@@b@Lka@@ja@na@m@i@a@@a@j@@@ka@@|m@pbi@ @a@m
@a@ba@pbm@na@lbja@@n@@ @a@n@@Npba@l@ac@@am@i@m
@ Nka@bna@br@a@u@@pna

Alligator/Fatigue Cracking

]<<]<u^j]<]<IM

@an@ an@ @ @ bj@ a@ @ a@ ybna@ a

@~na@ba@qdm@o@na@b@a@ba@vn@oqy
@b@ a@ ba@ bua@ sy@ oa@ |@ o@ a@ @ cjm
@vn@~an@@@@@ |a@a@nm@q@L@ba@o
@@ @ ana@ @ pbna@ @ cjm@ na@ a@ ba@ qdm
@b@@bna@u@j@@@by@ba@@@pbba
@ Nybna@bi@bnm@pbu
Npaba@pab@@ba@a@@t
@

@@@

@ Zlbja
@

@ Nna@a@ba@kji@a@ja@n@vn@na@ba@j@m MQ
N|@a@j@kji@ba@o@j@a@a@ba@j@by@pbjq@ MR
@ Na@pbj@b@b@ MS
@ Na@ba@@wmba@aa@ja@@b@@bu@b@va@ba@j@ MT
@ Na@i@na@aa@bm MU
@ Nba@o@ba@j@@m@ MV
@

Block Cracking <<f]<]<IN

@bidi@i@@a@ja@m@an@@@ja@a
@ja@a@n@@ HS@ @ SI@a@@ HSP@ @ SPI@ay
@i@ @ @ i@ m@ a@ di@ ybna@ a@
@a@um@bi@~@paba@pab@@um@by@ba@c

@k@p<K

26

]<^<i

@pbyb@@na@a@bvya@pa@aa@a@@ja@a@rm@~@a@|@@b@@@ja
@ Npaba@a

@@@@@@@@@@@

@ na@lbja
@

@vn@ iaa@ na@ a@ aa@ ba@ @ a@ @ kja@ ba@ a@ la@ @ ja@ a@ nm

@@ la@@ja@a@a@@~j@ui@oa@km@a@a@@@@b@~a@bua@b
@@@ai@@vm@a@na@ba@a@b@~ba@qdn@vn@bm@n@b@@bi@bbi@na
@ Na
@
Longitudinal &

< < < ]< ]< ]< IO

Transverse Cracking

@
@a@ ba@ ~a@ @ a@ n@ @ @ a@ a
@nm@~a@@@bn@bjm@a@i@n@@a
@@ l@ Ha@ j@ I@ ba@ l@ a@
@bbi@nm@@a@la@@@@~Ha@|@I
@ Na@@ni@vm@ia@ba@@~a
@

@ na@lbja
@

@ NHa@a@by@@I@ba@a@m@u@@MQ
@ Noa@km@a@u@b@vn@na@ba@|@ba@MR
@nm@@I@na@ba@pbja@@r@za@ja@o@a@a@@ba@ba@a@ MS
@ NHba@pbja@a

@k@p<K

27

]<^<i

<
< Patching<<<<]<IP
@a@ pbj@ a@ b@ a@ ba@ la@ @ a@ a@ n
@i@~au@ac@b@@ny@ma@@bj@a@n@a@@~ua
@ Nka@ai@a@|@@i@nm@b
@

@ na@lbja
@a@aa@u@j@@~a@ba@a@k@na@lbja@nm
@ Noa@m@@a@bc@m@
@

<
< Potholes<<<] IQ
@a@|@@t@@~a@a@@lbi@c@ua@b@@b@@WU@ay@@y@i@b@a@m
@a@ kji@ a@ oqy@ ab@ ~bma@ a@ @ n
@ Nbm@@z@bm@kv@a@b@ybna
@

@ na@lbja
@

@ Nybna@@vn@a@j@|@m MQ
@ Na@j@|@a@onna MR
@ Na@@@v@a@@ia@u MS

@k@p<K

28

<

]<^<i

<

Depression<<<<l^f]

IR

@a@@ym@b@~ba@@i@a@pbja@ym@bya@@@~a@|@@@@ba@@ja
@ Na@la@@pbja@nm@~pbja@@bna@pa@i@u

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@ na@lbja
@

@ Nba@bqa@b@a@iaa@ba@pbj@j@vn@pbja@t@MQ
@na@bqa@t@a@a@ja@kji@a@n@ba@m@a@aa@ba@vn@iaa@ba@j@kji@ MR
@lbja@@ba@@@j@@@a@pb@ a@b@@a@b@~ba@pbja@@ba@z@j
@ Npbja
@ Nbbna@@vm@pbja@@@m@a@b@na@@aa@~aa@~a@ba@MS
@
Shoving<<<

<u]]<]<u]<IS

@|@ @ @ yb@ @ y@ @ yaa@ a@ ya

@~a@a@b@vn@ d@a@y@bbi@a
@@ buaa@ m@ bb@ a@ j@ a@ m@ b
@a@ @ ka@ a@ t@ a@ j@ |@ @ m
@j@ paa@ a@ i@ j@ ~Hbjm@ bmI@ pbbna
@b@ @ a@ a@ ai@ na@ sy@ a@ paba
@ Na@na@ja@@na@ba@ja@m

@ na@lbja

@ Na@paba@pbbm@@a@ba@aa@pa@aa@@pbja@y@@na@a@pabua@MQ
@k@p<K

29

]<^<i

@ba@ bna@ a@ a@ @ ba@ aa@ j@ b@ a@ oa@ j@ b@ kji@ za@ a@ pbj@ pbjq@ @ MR

@ Na@aa
Na@|@@@ba@o@b@va@ba@pbj@pbjq@@MS
@
@

Rutting

<~j] IT

@a@ la@ @ na@ n@ ~paba@ paba@ b@ @ @ Hpa@ iI@ a@ |@ @ j@ @ na

@la@ @ @ @ ~pba@ @ HFunctionalI
@na@ n@ ~a@ b@ na@ n@ by@ @ ba
@a@a@vn@t@aa@a@pbb@~bbi
@j@ b@ b@ a@ pbj@ @ a@ b@ j@ a@ a
@@ @ a@ j@ ca@ a@ t@ ~ba
@n@b@ba@@i@na@@~na@kau
@b@ ~a@ @ @ kjm@ b@ bbi@ paba@ pab
@zna@k@@na@@b@a@@dm
@ Nba@um@
@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@ na@lbja

@~na@a@@~na@bqa@a@b@@a@ba@~pbja@ba@@a@m@a@@a@aa@@b
@@ b@ a@ pbj@ pbb@ ~HStudded TiresI@ paba@ pb@ a@ ba@ ln@ vn@ a@ pbja@ a@
@ Nna@pbjj
@

<

Bleeding or Flushing

<<<<k]<x<]<] IU

@a@ a@ pbj@ @ iaa@ na@ a@ @ bna@ @ a

@@ b@ b@ @ b@ @ ubu@ j@ |a@ @ aa@ @ m
@ Nbu@b
@

@ na@lbja
@@ oa@ b@ a@ na@ ia@ a@ pb@ b@ vn@ a@ t

@k@p<K

30

]<^<i

@a@ba@aua@@@aa@pbaa@@a@Ha@ja@ba@jI@na@aa@@b@a@b@~na@a
@n@bja@aua@@qdm@a@ba@b@@a@@@~|a@xb@a@n@q@@pbaa@jm@oa@
@ N|a@@oa@

<

Raveling & Weathering

<
<<<bj]<^j] IML

@bb@@z@@j@za@a@j@m@onm@@bna
@@fna@ba@~a@va@aa@jm@@a@a@a@a@znm
@aa@ a@ a@ la@ @ m@ ~a@ |@ a@ na@ aa@ a
@ Na@@na@na@a@a@a@ojm@@na
@

@ na@lbja
@

@ Na@a@vn@a@a@bua MQ
@aa@~aa@@~a@ba@iaa@na@aa@bm@a@dm MR
@@ @ y@ ana@ a@ b@ @ a@ na@ @ ~@ aa
@ Nna@a
@a@ @ a@ Hpbaa@ @ @ ja@ a@ a@ @ aI@ ba@ u MS
@ Na@qdm@@mbn@
@aa@ mI@ paba@ pby@ @ @ @ ia@ aa@ tbja MT
@ NHna@a@k@ia
@
Polished Aggregate

<]<<]<e IMM

@bnya@ kji@ bn@ b@ na@ ba@ @ a@ m@

@bvy@ bm@ a@ @ a@ @ b@ paba@ pv
@la@ @ a@ @ n@ ~a@ b@ @ bnbi
@au@a@ba@a@|a@@ba@b@@a@a
@@nb@m@sy@HcI@ay@i@@@a
@ Nba@@
@

@k@p<K

31

]<^<i

@ na@lbja
@ Nna@a@baMQ
@ @a@mMR
@
@

<
Bumps & Sags<<< <<l]j]<l^evj]<IMN
@k@@~pbiznbi@@b@@a@a@j@@yaa@vn@t@@b@a@@|a@pbaa@m
@ya@vn@t@ @pana@m@@~@a@j@pbjq@@kji@t@a@yaa@ka@a@i@na
@ba@@@ka@@HSI@@a@pbb@a@ba@@b@@pbizna@p@aa@~a@j@a
@@ aa@ kjm@ pba@ |@ @ j@ yb@ @ t@ a@ yaa@ pbna@ bc@ ~HCorrugationI@ pbunbi
@ Nbnbi@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@ na@lbja

@ Na@|a@o@na@ba@pbi@xbja@a@bnaMQ
@ Na@ba@kji@a@@aa@bma@lmMR
@
Corrugation

<<<<l^qj] IMO

@m@~pba@@@HSI@@a@m@b@b@~n@pbb@t@ibn@bnn@pbbma@pbba@@pbuna
@@q@b@|@@kjm@b@pb@a@aa@l@@pbuna@nm@a@ba@@@pbbma
@@HShearI@a@@vn@pbuna@t@a@@~ba@u
@m@ b@ z@ vn@ ba@ j@ za@ pbja@ i@ a@ j
@bjm@a@Ha@ai@I@z@bm@b@t@a@aa@@pbuna
@@bn@m@@HCheck PointI@a@@b@~Hna@I@z
@ Npaba@pab@@za@@a@|a
@

@ na@lbja
@

@ Nba@@a@na@ba@a@pbjq@MQ
@ Na@ia@pbj@@aa@iaMR
@ Nn@@@ana@a@a@@ba@aa@b@a@O@oa@bMS
@ NHContamination of MixI@a@tmMT
@

@k@p<K

32

]<^<i

<

Edge Cracking<<<<f^]<]<IMP

@i@am@b@jm@a@b@a@b@i@jba@a@m
@nm@a@a@bbi@a@@n@~ba@@@ HP~UMP~SI
@yba@ m@ ~a@ b@ vn@ jba@ a@ am@ ~bna@
@a@ by@ a@ i@ a
@ Nm@b@ty@aa@bn@bbi
@

@ na@lbja
@kji@ jba@ a@ m
@ NHbnc@b@a@I@a@by@@lbi@ba@ba@j@
@

<
<
Reflection Cracking<<<<^]<]<IMQ
@@m@a@na@a@@@a@@m
@@ ba@ @ nm@ @ ~na@ b@ pbi
@ NH@u@a@na@ba@pbj@I@ba@pbj
@

@ia@abi@na@z@vn@a@@dm
@~a@ |a@ a@ na@ ba@ ja@ i
@@ba@@a@@a@bbi@ka@a@n
@~bn@ b@ a@ l@ a@ |a@ m@ kjm@ a
@@b@a@a@ba@ja@bia@o@ab
@a@

@ Nka
@

@ na@lbja
@m@bi@a@ia@aa@@ba@na@ba@ja@y@nm
@ Nba@aa@@t@a@kja@@a@a@|@
@

<
Lane <<<<<<<<<D^j]<<q<^u<E<^j]<f IMR
Shoulder Drop

@@b@bna@|@a@by@n@i@na@
@ Nba@ba@n@@a@bna@n
@

@ na@lbja
@m@ a@ ~bna@ j@ m@ bna@ j@ lbja@ nm
@bna@ n@ j@ i@ Carriageway@ ba@ paba
@k@p<K

33

]<^<i

@ NHbna@b@a@I
@

<

Slippage Cracks

<<<<<<<<]<] IMS

@a@m@~a@bbi@b@nm@@@@b@a@
@kjm@ sy@ pbaa@ a@ paba@ |ib@ bna@ a@ @ a
@ Na@j@ba@a@a
@

@ na@lbja
@ Na@bi@a@@bnna@pbja@|a@j@ia@ MQ
@ Nna@a@b@ba MR
@

<

Swell

<<<<^j] IMT

@a@@S@i@xn@x@i@a@|@@@i@
@ Nz@@bna@a
@ @@@@@@

@ na@lbja
@ba@m@@a@ia@bna@a@ba@j@@vna@kji MQ
@ Nza@o
@ba@ ja@ bma MR
@ NHpu@aaI@a@na
@paaua@m@j@za@o@ba@m@a@a@a@m@k@Zy
@ Na@ba
@
Railroad Crossing

<
<<<<<<]<<^i IMU

@ Na@a@@i@a@y@bma@ja@pba@l@@a@a@n
@

@ na@lbja
@ Na@@@km@u@ MQ
@ Nb@a@y@qdm@a@bm MR
@

<

Utility Cut Patch<<<

<<<l^]<l^u< INL

@m@ a@ ~ba@ @ @ a@ a@ b@ @ pba@ pbm@ nm

@a@a@anbi@nm@a@za@a@ba@bia@mba@pb
@m@a@ba@nm@@pbm@a@ba@~@a@@a@@
@ Na@|@@b@a@@n@
@

@b@ la@ @ m@ ba@ u@ n@ @ pba@ @ l@ qm

@k@p<K

34

]<^<i

@ Z
@ Na@a@a@MQ
@ Npbja@MR
@ Na@MS
@ Nbna@fna@MT
@ na@lbja
@a@aa@u@j@@~a@ba@a@k@na@lbja@nm
@ Nna@a@ba@m@

@k@p<K

35

]<^<i

@
@
@
@
@

@
@
@
@
@
@ iaa@
@
@ z

@k@p<K

36

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@
h]<u<i
@ Z@na@a@l@pbbi@vm@@bna@pbna@bjmg@n
@@@y@@k@@vm@n@Lyba@@@na@ybna@a@pu@ag@Zybna@a@NQ
@ N@k@@a@u
@ N@a@i@k@vm@n@@a@lby@@ag@Za@i@a@NR
@ N@aa@a@y@aa@@c@o@ba@na@di@@a@a@@na@@ZHSpallingI@na@NS
@a@@@i@b@b@ag@y@@@@vm@n@Lya@b@@a@@ona@ag@Za@@NT
@ N@a@ba@@@@c@vm@n
@N@@la@@vm@@La@yb@@ua@a@a@la@@m@Zpba@a@la@NU
@ N@pb@a@n@@@bjna@@bqdm@c@k@
@ N@a@i@@@@u@y@k@a@i@k@vm@j@Za@i@NV
N@Ha@i@@n@pba@i@I@pm@@i@a@a@c@y@ag@bm@c@k@b@Zbna@NW
@

Ride Quality<^]<j<i
@ Zba@u@@bna@la@qm
@ NHBumps and SagsI@pana@pbizna

@ NHCorrugationI@pbuna

@ NHRailroad CrossingI@a@@pbbm

@ NHShovingI@yaa

@ NHSwellI@bna

@ Nc@a@l@ba@u@n@n@bna@a@pbn@bm@nm
@@@@LHpbuna@rI@b@aana@kj@a@na@@ZHLow SeverityI@a@a@n@NQ
@ya@@tzm@@ba@ana@g@m@pbja@c@pana@r@La@yaa@uc@@a@@g
@ N@i
@a@@g@@|a@i@ba@ana@y@@ZHMedium SeverityI@na@a@n@NR
@i@ ba@ n@ @ qm@ b@ ana@ tzm@ a@ pbja@ pana@ r@ La@ yaa@ @ bz@

@k@p<K

37

]<^<i

@ Nn
@na@a@@bg@i@b@ana@tz@a@na@@ZHHigh SeverityI@ba@a@n@NS
@ya@@g@m@b@bg@paana@kjm@pbja@pana@r@La@yaa@u@a@@k
@ N
@na@a@a@@paba@r@va@jb@i@b@bi@@ba@u@n@ka@yb@
@@@jba@bjna@pb@@a@paba@@lbi@pbbna@b@@na@n@b@Nz@aa@
Naa
@

^]<l^v]<i
@ ZHDistressesI@la@MQ
@pa@qdm@o@a@c@a@j@@b@by@i@@b@by@@a@c@a@a@l@
@Lba@pbna@bnbi@c@a@bi@bi@aa@a@Lna@Lbna@l@@@Na@a@a
@ Na@@la@@n@c@pby@c@na@Lba@a@jma@lb@@@
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48