4

Chemical Reaction

(Chemical

Reaction)

reaction)

2H2(g) + O2(g)
reactant

2H2O(l)

product


2 H2(g) + O2(g)

2 H2O(l)

2 1
2
1
2(2 1 g) = 4 g + 2 (16) = 32 g
(4 + 32 = 36 g)

2
2
2 (18)
= 36 g


g = gas

s = solid

aq = aqueous (

2 CO (g) + O
2 HgO (s)

(g)

= liquid

2 CO2 (g)

2 Hg (l) + O2 (g)

KBr (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) KNO3 (aq) + AgBr (s)

1
Fe2O3(s) + 3 CO(g)

2 NaHCO3(s)

FeS(s) + 2 HCl(aq)
4 Fe(s) + 3 O2 (g)

2 Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g)

Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

FeCl2(aq) +
2 Fe2O3(s)

H2S(g)

 (Solution)
2

(Solvent)
+ (Solute)

( )
( )
(a
= (s, l) +

 aqueous solution 2
1. (electrolyte) :

2. (non electrolyte) :

Electrolyte :

. (Strong electrolyte) :
- H2SO4 , HCl , HNO3 , HClO4 , HI , HBr
- NaOH , KOH , Ca(OH)2
- NaCl , KCl

. (Weak electrolyte) :

-
CH3COOH , HF , HCOOH

-
NH3

Non Electrolyte

C6H12O6 ( ) C12H22O11 (
(NH2)2CO ( )
CH3OH ( )
C2H5OH ( )

NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl -(aq)

100 %
CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq) 5 %
Non electrolyte : C6H12O6

( Ioni
ionic equation)

2+
3+
2Al O Al O CaCl Ca Cl 2 3

 (Ionic equation)

Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 I (aq) PbI2(s)
Ag +(aq) + Cl - (aq) AgCl(s)
(Solubility)
:






Ksp : Solubility product constant


1.

2. /

( Soluble )

( 1 )
2. ( NH4+)
3. NO3- , ClO3- , ClO44. Cl- , Br- , I - Ag+ , H
1.

 ( Insoluble )

OH
OH Ba(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
2. CO32 - , PO43 - , S 2
2
( 1 )

) Ag2SO4 ) CuS
) CaCO3 ) Ca(OH)2
) Na3PO4
) ZnSO4
1.

 (Oxidation number oxidation state)

1.
(
Na , K , Cl2 , P4 , S8 , Br2 , O2

2.

 + 1
Ba2+ + 2
Al 3+ + 3
Cl - - 1
3.

S 2 -

1
- 2
2
4. H
Na+

NH3 , HCl

= - 1

NaH , CaH2

 O
H2O , MgO
peroxide = -1 H2O2 , Na2O
F OF2 = + 2 ( F
6.
( neutral )
0
-

K+ Mn
+ 4 O

5.

No.

(+1) + ( ? ) + 4(-2) = 0

Mn = + 7

Ox. No.

N + 3O
( ? ) + 3 (-2) = - 1

N = + 5
3

1. K2Cr2O7

4. Na3PO4

2. CaCl2

5. H3AsO4

3. SO 2 -

6. C O 2-

 (Redox reaction)
( )

2 (half reaction)
(Oxidation reaction)
( )

(Reduction reaction)

Reduction
2+

2+

Sn + Pb

Sn

+ Pb

Oxidation

:
:

Sn Sn2+ + 2ePb2+ + 2e- Pb

 (Oxidizing agent Oxidizer)

: (atom, molecule, ion)

(Reducing agent Reducer)
: (atom, molecule, ion)

oxidation

reduction

 4
1)

2)

Zn + Cu 2+

Zn 2+ + Cu

: ..
: .....
: .
2Na
Cl2
+
2NaCl
: .
: ..
: ..
: .
: .

 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Cl2 + 2OH -
Ca 2+ + 2F -
NH3 + H +
2Li + H2
Zn + 2HCl
2FeCl2 + Cl2

Cl - + ClO - + H2O
CaF2
NH4+
2LiH
ZnCl2 + H2
2FeCl3


ion electron method
6 Fe2+ + Cr2O72- Fe3+ + Cr 3

Step 1 oxidation, reduction

- eOxidation : Fe2+ Fe3+ + e
Reduction : Cr2O72- + 6e- 2Cr 3+
Step 2 - H2O O2

O2

Oxidation : Fe2+ Fe3+ + e

Reduction : Cr2O72- + 14H + + 6e - 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

Step 3 (e ) oxidation = reduction

Oxidation : 6Fe2+ 6Fe3+ + 6eReduction : Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Step 4 oxidation + reduction
Overall : 6Fe2+ + 14H + + Cr2O72- 2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O
Step 5

e-

 7 S2- + MnO4 - S + MnO2

Step 1 oxidation , reduction
eoxidation :
reduction :
Step 2

S2- S + 2 e
MnO4- + 3 e - MnO2

- H2O O
O
- OH - 2 H2O

oxidation :
reduction :

S2- S + 2 e
MnO4- + 2 H2O + 3 e-

MnO2 + 4OH -

Step 3 (e -) oxidation = reduction

oxidation : 3S2- 3S + 6e
reduction : 2MnO4- + 4H2O + 6e - 2MnO2 + 8OH

Step 4

oxidation + reduction
3S2- + 2MnO4- + 4H2O 3S + 2MnO2 + 8OH

Step 5

e-