Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biogas
Biogas
&
, Sc, -
19 . . , 190 09
T: +30 210 6603261, e-mail: czafir@cres.gr
www.cres.gr
70,
.
,
, .
,
/ .
1.
1973 1979
,
1992, 1997 2002
, ,
()
, .
1997 2010
12% ,
500.000
14,2 % 1998 22,1% 2010.
2004,
2004 2005,
2010,
50% 2040 .
4% .
69 . 2003
185 . 2010. (Biomass action plan)
2005 ,
(U-25), 69 . 149 . ,
12%.
209 . CO2 ,
250-300.000 ,
.
, 2010
1000 We.
, ,
,
.
,
/ .
2.
,
, , ,
. ( 1).
(CH4) 55-70% (CO2)
30-45%. , , ,
, 20 25 MJ/m3.
, (),
( 2, 3).
1: M
,
, , H2S, NH3, H2O ,
CO2 .
, ,
, .
2:
(:Jenbacher)
, ..
,
, ..
3:
O
: , Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA), ,
(Selexol) ( 2)
.
80 bar -45C. CO2
CH4
.
3. .
3000
-25.
, 4 . 2004, 4,9 2005 5,35 (62.200 GWh)
2006. 2006,
17.272 GWh . 2010 8,6
.
.
Swedish Gas Center, 2007 233 , 1,3
TWh/y. 139 , 70 XYTA, 13
, 0.56 TWh/y, 0.46 TWh/y
0,16 TWh/y . 31 ( 2), 63
, 18 (slow
filling bus), 5298 , 4519 , 225
554 .
45.000 kNm3,
54% (24.300 kNm3) .
0,17 - 0,50/m3.
0,70 - 0,90/m3.
1,1/l 1,2 /l.
200 - 300 m3 /h 0,01 0,015 /kWh .
,
,
, 450 ,
. 40%
. .
T
.
, ,
.
4.
80
- .
, .
, , .
: ) ,
() 1774/2002( 15),
) ,
"", 2601,
, E (2007-2013),
(2007-2013),
.3468/2006 )
,
( 1/1/2005
2007
),
.
. . .
, 23,5 MWe. ,
, ,
7,5 MWe.
36 MW .
5.
(centralized biogas plants). ,
1.325.000 , 20 ,
50.000.000 m3,
1 PJ .
(),
80% 20%
, .
.
. ,
,
) ( ,
, ), ) - -,
, pH, , , ) , , , ,
) .
-
-
,
30-40C () 50-55C (),
.
: ) ,
)
.
() :
17.000.000 , 10 ,
,
.
6.
:
:
4.000-5.500
kWe. ,
1.614 kWe
40% , ,
.
.
, .
, .
7.
,
, ,
:
(Co- H2) BioSNG (Bio-synthetic Natural gas), - .
,
(digesters)
.
.
.
(fuel
cell) - (micro gas turbine) .
.
(cancer unit risk
factors)
8.
,
- .
, , :
, (CO2, CH4, NOx),
.
15-20%
(fuel cell).
- ,
.
(- , , )
.
,
. ,
.
9.
1. Ahlvic, P., Sandstrom, C. and M. Wallin. Methane fuelled buses, Ecotraffic, June 2003
2. Baadstorp, L. Biogas for community and beyond, October 2004.
3. Browne L. The Strategic Role of Gas, BP Business Briefing: Exploration & production: The oil
& gas review 2003, Volume 3.
4. EU, Biomass action plan, December 2005.
5. Holm-Nielsen, J. B. Biogas for a sustainable clean environment, October 2004.
6. IEA Bioenergy, Biogas upgrading and utilization, Task 24: Energy from biological conversion
of organic waste.
7. IEA Bioenergy, Biogas and more!, AEA Technology Environment, UK, July 2001.
8. Jonsson, O., Polman, E., Jensen, J.K., Eklund, R., Schyl, H. and S. Ivarsson. Sustainable gas
enters the European Gas distribution system, Swedish Biogas Association, 2003.
9. Jonsson, O. AD in the production of the vehicle fuel from MSW and other organic residues.
October 2004.
10. Persson, M. Evaluation of upgrading techniques for biogas, Lund University, Sweden, 2003.
11. Seadi, T., Gomes, C., Braun, R., Guest, C., Zafiris, Ch, Alvarez, J., Gerli, A., Merzagona, M.,
Bartolelli, V., Luckehurst, C., Labeyrie, P. Biogas from AD. University of Southern Denmark,
March 2005.
12. Swedish Biogas Association. Biogas, A brochure about biogas from the Swedish biogas
association.
13. Zafiris, Ch., Gregersen, K., Mller, H., Sommer, S., Birkmose, T., L Nielsen, L., Assessment
of a centralized co-digestion plant hypothetically sited in Sparta, Laconia Peloponese, Greece,
CRES 2007.
14. Zafiris, Ch. Energy Exploitation of Biogas in Greece. CRES February 2005.
15. Zafiris, Ch. et.al. Greek Biogas Production from Pig Manure and Co- Digestion. Evaluation of
Anaerobic Digestion Projects in Livestock Units.(Final report) CRES May 2001.
16. Z . . KAE, 2004.
17. Z . . KAE, 2003.
18. , , 2002,
2003.