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碳纤维及其复合材料产业调研报告
碳纤维及其复合材料产业调研报告
1
2 ..............................................................................................................7
3 ............................................................................................................30
1.1
PAN PAN
Toray()Toho()Mitsubishi Rayon( )
)Zoltek(
Hexcel()Amoco(
Amoco PAN
Mitsubishi Chem()Kureha ()Donac
90%
PAN 20 60 7080
90 21
40
T-700
PAN
PAN ( )
HexcelAmoco
PAN Fortail Zoltek
(LT) (AKZ0) (ZOLTEK)
(ALDILA) K LT 73.7%
24K
(1)
K 12K
(2) PAN K
PAN
1K3K6K 12K 316%100%38% PAN
5665%
(3)K K
1 100 t/a (
12K ) 1K3K 6K 15 t35 t 62 t
1.2
2000
(
)
1.3
PAN
1-1
PANDMF
(DMSO)
T300
DMF
DMF
(DMSO) DMSO
1-1 PAN
BASF
1.4
NaSCN
NaSCN
1.4.1
1-2
( )
)
(
()
1-2
1.4.2
C/C
1-3
(1)
(2) C/C
1-3
CF
(CFRP)
( )
C
F
R
CF
(CFRC)
CF
(CFRM)
CF
(CFRC)
(3)
(4) (CFRP)
1.5
1.5.1
PAN
(124K)(48~540K)
30K-100K PAN
PAN
(1) 40-60%
(2)
15-20%
(3)
25-30%
1.5.2
PAN
(1)
PAN
1.3-2.0 PAN
690 GPa 3.4 GPa
(2)
(3)
(RFI)RTM
(FW) SMC/BMC
(NC)
NC
()
RTM
ACM ACM
1.5.3
/
2006 40
25.2%31.4%43.4%
80%
2.1
PAN80%
78%hexcelbpamoco
1998-1999 PAN
8%32.1%
2002-2005 PAN 1996 15.0 kt/a 35.6-37.40
kt/a2005A380787
2009
20122005-2008
2-12005
200523.4%57.6%83.7%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2005 /%
33700
0
41600
23.4
53100
57.6
61900
83.7
2008
(AnthonyRoberts)
50%65% 65% 24500 2014
40000
45500
14500 2014 30000
2014 93450 1998 7 20082014 2-2
2-2 ()
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
42950
49850
56200
59200
59200
59700
60700
27958
36390
42150
44400
44475
45150
45525
20500
23750
25750
25750
31750
32250
32750
18860
21850
20850
23690
29210
29670
10130
63450
73600
79950
84200
91450
92450
93450
46818
58240
64000
68090
73685
74820
75655
2.1.1
(Toray)(Toho) (Mitsubishi) 2005
9100 t/a 6300 t/a 4700 t/a
35.1%24.2%18.1%
77.5% 2005 2005-2008
2-3
2005
2-4
2-3 2005-2008 (t/a)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2005 /%
25900
0
30600
18.1
37500
44.8
46300
78.8
/%
Toray
Toho
Mitsubishi
9100
6300
4700
20100
35.1
24.2
18.1
77.6
2005
2005 PAN
2006
PAN
5/10 3/10 2/102004-2008
2-5
2-5 2004-2008 /% ()
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
54.0
28.2
17.8
52.5
30.1
17.4
44.4
34.0
21.6
51.2
29.1
19.7
47.3
32.8
19.9
2.1.2
/%
AKZO-Fortafil(-)
3500
41.2
Zoltek
1800
21.2
Aldila()
1000
11.8
SGL(
)
1900
22.4
Toray
300
3.5
8500
100
2005
2007
2008
/%
3300
42.3
6500
59.1
11600
70.3
2005
2005-2008
2-8
2-8 2005-2008 t/a
2005
2006
2007
2008
2005 /%
7800
0
11000
41
15600
100
15600
100
2.1.3
2
2-9 1997-2000 () (t/a)
1997
1998
1999
2000
()
()
(Amoco)
(Hexcel)
(Zoltek)*
(Akzo)*
SGL()*
Alidla()*
3700
3700
1900
1200
1700
1000
3600
2100
2400
0
8100
5500
5100
3400
1900
1800
2000
8600
2100
2700
400
13800
7300
5100
3400
1900
1800
3400
14600
3500
2700
1000
21800
7300
5100
3400
1900
1800
3400
18500
3500
2700
1000
25700
* PAN
(ZOLTEK)(AKZO)(ALDILI)SGL
78%
3000 PAN
(LT: 48K480K)(CT: 1K
24K)2003 1997-2000
2-9 2-9 1997-2000
1
Zoltek PAN 2000
2002 90%
31565 t/a 23165 t/a 73.4%
8400 t/a 26.6% ( 2-10) 2-10
17500 t/a
75.5%
2-10 2002 t/a
(Toray)
7300
(Toho)
5500
(MRC)
4700
(Hexcel)
1980
(Amoco)
1890
1750
45
23165
(Fortafil)
3500
(Zoltek)
1800
(Aldila)
1000
(Sgl)
1800
(Toray)
300
8400
31565
Toray
Toho
Mitsubishi Rayon
11300
4400
3700
300
300
3200
Ballard
7500
6890
90
Aldila
1000
Cytec
1900
Fortafil
3500
Grafil
1500
Hexcel
2300
Zoltek
2300
Toray ()
1800
4260
Soficar
850
Tenax Fibers
1810
SGL
1600
18800
11450
Toray
9100()
Toho
5600()
Mitsubishirayon
4700()
Hexcel
2000()
Amoco
1900()
1750()
AKZO-Fortafil
3500()
Zoltek
1800()
Aldila
1000()
SGL
1900()
2-13 20022004
/(ta-1)
/MPa
/GPa
450
686
41
Donac
300
686
34
Kureha
900
590~980
30~33
Niffobo
657~980
40~49
Noppon
784~980
39~49
Amoco
140~230
1300~2400
170~960
Mitsubishi Chem
500
1800~3300
176~735
Nippon Sekiyu
50
3230~3300
392~686
Donac
1800~3000
140~600
Kureha
1800~4000
150~400
2-12 2-13
2004 PAN
2-14 2005-2006 t
2005
2006
9000
6260
4640
300
1300
10800
7740
4640
300
1300
1980
1980
1800
1800
4460
4460
1800
25480
1900
1900
1000
1000
1800
8960
28760
8960
2005-2006 2-14
2200
6900
Toray
Soficar
800
CFA
Toho
1K
3K
24K
48K
80K
320K
7300
3400
1800
5200
3600
1800
5400
3700
2700
6400
3400
3400
2000
2000
Grafil
2200
0
5400
2000
0
0
5400
2000
SGL
500
500
500
1100
650
Hexcel
0
Cytec
7450
0.7
Zoltek
2000
0
Carbon Fiber Tech
2950
3250
0
1900
2200
0
650
0
9500
5150
3250
650
1900
1000
2000
0
0
8000
2500
1000
2000
11500
4000
6000
6000
Aldila/SGL.J.V
SGL
0
2000
6000
2500
1000
2000
13900
400
6K
12K
2008
9100
7900
2950
3250
1900
39000
27300
8500
17900
11800
7900
5150
3900
1900
48550
33985
10500
1000
6000
1750
0.7
8050
0
12250
0.7
35350
46235
2007-2008
A380 B787
215
2-16 PAN t
CYTEC
HEXCEL
Fotafil-TOHO
ZOLTEK
SGL
CF Technology
Toray
PAN
/
/
/
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
4700
1800
2600
9100
3700
1900
0
5600
3200
1500
0
4700
1800
2000
2000
5800
25200
4700
1800
2600
9100
3700
1900
700
6300
3200
1500
0
4700
1800
2000
2000
5800
25900
4700
3600
2600
10900
3700
3400
700
7800
3200
2000
600
5800
1800
2300
2000
6100
30600
6900
3600
3400
13900
3700
3400
700
7800
5400
2000
600
8000
1800
2800
3200
7800
37500
6900
5400
5200
17500
6400
3400
700
10500
5400
2000
600
8000
3800
3300
3200
10300
46300
3500
2500
1900
1000
300
9200
34400
1300
3300
1900
1000
300
7800
33700
1300
6500
1900
1000
300
11000
41600
1300
11100
1900
1000
300
15600
53100
1300
11100
1900
1000
300
15600
61900
2-16 2004-2008
2004-2005
25200 t/a 25900 t/a 2.8% 2.0%
2006
2007 2008
53100 t/a 61900 t/a 2006 41600 t/a 27.7%48.8%
2.1.4
PAN PAN
2-17 2004-2008 PAN
2006 2004
41.2%61.0%
20062007 2008 2004
46.5%53.5%114% 06 07
04 25.7%91.4%
2006-2007 2004 46.7%64.4%104%
2-17 PAN t
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
PAN
13600
7100
4500
25200
13600
7800
4500
25900
13600
10400
6600
30600
19200
10900
7400
37500
21900
15200
9200
46300
PAN
300
7000
1900
9200
300
5600
1900
7800
300
8800
1900
11000
300
13400
1900
15600
300
13400
1900
15600
PAN
13900
14100
6400
34400
13900
13400
6400
33700
13900
19200
8500
41600
19500
24300
9300
53100
22200
28600
11100
61900
2.2
2006 CF 2.8 t
58%
23% 19%
2003
2004 17.4 kt2005 20.0 kt2006 21.7 kt
12K (
2-18)2002 PAN 2-19
2-18 tenax () (t/a)
2000
3830
3710
4170
11710
2001
3100
4710
5950
13760
2002
3040
4560
6690
14290
2003
3220
4580
7570
15370
2004
3550
4640
9200
17390
2005
3950
4680
11140
19970
2006
4420
4700
12590
21710
2006
2.5
40.0
32.9
3.3
29.6
13.3
17.6
30.4
53.8
79.1
2-20 1997-2002
5.8%20022007 8%2006
3.75(1K24K)2.8776.5%0.88
23.5%
2002
30%
2002
29% 27% 14%
2003 2002 4-5%
2004 5
7-8% ()
2006 30%
35%
15%
20%
2-20 19932007 PAN ()()
1993
1997
2002
2007
(%)
1997-2002
2002-2007
3646
6262
5670
7952
-2.0
1220
2260
5200
8660
18.1
10.7
1974
2582
2862
3550
2.1
4.1
1450
1800
2700
4200
8.4
9.2
1291
1383
2513
3266
12.7
5.4
9581
14287
18945
27577
5.8
7.8
2
2-21 t/a
1998
2003
2008
1998-2003 /%
17000
19900
25100
3.6
16900
19900
30900
3.8
2003-2008 /%
4.7
8.2
2-22 %
1998
31
25
44
2003
42
23
35
2008
51
23
26
1998-2003 /%
2003-2008 /%
10.8
12.5
1.1
8.4
-0.8
2.7
3.7
8.5
2.3
2004
2/3
4 21 7
2004 Soficar 21
2-23 2001-2010
2-24 2001-2010
2-23 2001-2010
2001
7.7%6.7%
6.0%12.5%2010
31910 t/a200117900 t/a78.2%
2-23 t
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
6430
6080
6230
6550
6650
7580
8350
9000
9850
11390
5100
5230
5430
6260
6800
7380
7900
8100
8300
8500
3570
3960
4070
4280
4500
4780
5080
5190
5410
5720
2800
3030
3480
3590
3970
4470
4940
5450
5950
6300
17900
18300
19210
20680
21920
24190
26270
27740
29510
31910
2-24 t
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2690
2140
2457
2741
3215
3775
4170
4741
5201
5389
4690
4670
5012
5081
5101
5135
5097
5107
5104
5118
10520
11490
11741
12858
13604
15280
17003
17892
19205
21408
17900
18300
19210
20680
21920
24190
26270
27740
29510
31910
(2004 Soficar )
2-242001-2010
2001
10% 0.9%
10.3%
2-232-252-26
2-25 t
2001
2005
2006
2008
2010
2001
%
17900
0
21920
22.5
24190
35.1
27740
55.0
31910
78.2
2-26 t
2001
2005
2006
2008
2010
6430
0
35.9
6650
3.4
30.3
7580
117.9
31.3
9000
140.0
32.4
11390
177.1
35.7
6100
28.5
6800
31.0
7380
30.5
8100
29.2
8500
26.6
()
%
6370
0
11.5
35.6
8480
33.1
121.1
38.7
9230
44.9
132.8
38.2
10640
67.0
139.3
38.4
12020
88.7
1998-2008
2003
2006
Chris Red /
37.7
2-2720%-35%
10%
2-27 PAN/ t
()
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Chirs Red
175%
265%
1
/
2/
3405
0
3405
25537
22132
21900
3637
232
22000
25537
22132
24076
1461
-1944
25000
0
4135
0
5275
31012
26877
26502
4510
375
39562
34287
29207
10355
5080
30000
26780
0
6150
0
46125
39975
32224
13901
7751
34000
30390
20820
24050
34510
2010
37720
2-27 2005
Chris Red2000 tToray 3000 t2005
2003
(2-28)
2004-20102
003
2-28 (t/a)
2004
21900
22000
2005
24076
25000
2006
26502
2007
29207
2008
32224
20680
20820
21920
24050
24190
30000
26780
26270
34000
30390
27740
2009
34510
29510
2010
37720
31910
(PAN)
( 2-29)
2
2-29
()
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
7250
9120
10700
11375
12230
12870
13580
21275
24255
27270
30690
34250
38405
42445
7025
7485
7970
8085
8680
9015
9400
35490
40860
45940
50350
55160
60290
65425
20042010
2010 9
99 2010 32000
2.4
2002(Toray)
7300/ (TohoTenax) 5600/
(Rayon) 47003
75%()1
(ZOLTEK)(AKZO) (ALDILA)
8400 t/a(Fortafil) (Zohek)(Aldila)(SGL)
3500 t/a
41.7% 24K CF
66%34%
(1) 7400 /
soficar ( 70/30 )soficar
2000 /
2-30
t/a
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
(Ehime)
(Saficar)
(CFA)
4700
2600
1800
4700
2600
1800
4700
2600
1800+1800
4700+2200
2600+800
3600
6900
3400+1800
3600+1800
2
9100
9100
10900
13900
17500
5600
/
24K
(2)
CF
Tenax 80K 24K
TohoTenax Wup pertal 1700 / 2009
8 5100 TohoTenax
5100 TohoTenax 2700 /
2008 4
6400 1.50 kt/aTohoTenax
9.10 kt/a 7.80 kt/a 1.30 kt/a
2-31 t/a
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
RT 3700
RT 3700
RT 3700
RT 3700
3700+2700
RT 1900
RT 1900
RT 1900+1500
RT 3400
RT 3400
LT 3500
RT 700
RT 700
RT 700
RT 700
LT 1300
LT 1300
RT 1300
RT 1300
9100
7600
9100
9100
11800
RT 5600
RT 6300
RT 7800
RT 7800
RT 10500
LT 3500
LT 1300
LT 1300
LT 1300
LT 1300
(3) 3200 /
Crafil 1500 / SGL
PAN Lenzing
3
SGL
2005 0.50 kt/a Grafil 0.50
kt/a 5.70-5.90 kt/a
2-32 t/a
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
(Grafil)
(SGL)
3200
1500
3200
1500
3200
1500+500
500-700
3200+2200
2000
500-700
5400
2000
500-700
4700
4700
5500-5700
7900-8100
7900-8100
2006
2007
/%
/%
30.1
33.8
17.6
181
104
59
53
46.5
40.5
686
400
340
900
450
393
205
120
65
2.5
2-34
(ACM)
2-34
/MPa
/GPa
/(gcm-3)
/(109cm)
/(107cm)
IM6
5200
276
1.70
1.62
3.06
IM7
5379
276
1.80
1.53
3.00
IM8
5447
303
1.70
1.78
3.20
IM9
6343
290
2.00
1.45
3.17
P30
4000
210
1.76
1.19
2.27
T700
4800
230
1.80
1.28
2.67
T800
5490
294
1.80
1.62
3.03
T1000
7060
2.5.1
2002 4000 t
1260 t 240 t 26.1 %4.2 %
2500 t 62.5 %
2003-2006
85% 2009 3 73%
70% 80% 30% 40%
A350 52%
B787 23 t
2-35 CF
CF
(Mpa)
(Gpa)
T300
1K 3K 6K 12K
3530
230
T300T
3K 6K 12K
4210
230
T400H
3K 6K
4410
250
T700G
12K 24K
4900
240
T800H
6K 12K
5490
294
T800S
24K
5880
294
T1000G
12K
6370
294
2005 B-777
2006
2005-20102-36:
2-36 20052010
A380
A400M
A350
2005.4
2008.1
2010
()
25
34-40
36000
555-8000
3
154
190
1000
17000
37t
245(A350-800)
125-
155
266-
1500
39
285(A350-900)
B787
2007
50
35000
220-290
329
B747-8
2009
(2)
2001-2005 2-37
400
3000
2000
2-37 2001-2005
B-1
B-2
C-17
JASSM
UCAV
F-16(US)
F16(FMS)
F-22
F-117
/kg
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
225
225
92,000
0
0
530
3,160
225
225
92,000
0
0
530
3,160
225
225
99,000
8,720
2,450
0
6,320
225
225
106,000
11,480
0
0
6,320
225
225
71,000
28,690
3,670
790
5,520
225
225
57,000
41,310
3,670
790
5,520
1350
1350
517,000
90,200
9,790
2,640
30,000
21,420
45
117,605
30,600
45
126,785
39,780
45
156,765
70,380
45
194,675
82,620
45
192,785
97,920
45
206,705
342,720
270
995,320
2006 2001
40 %2008 76 %2010 2001 100%(
2-38)
2-38 2001-2010 t
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
/%
2690
0
2140
-20.4
2457
-8.7
2741
1.9
3215
19.5
3775
40.3
4170
55.0
4741
76.2
5201
93.3
5389
100.3
2.5.2
2003-2006 42%
2009 46%2003 2004
19210 t 20680 t 5000 t
25%
2006
250
7 2006 6710
2006 24%
2004
31%
4.3%2009 2010
3400
2000
600
(1)
5% CFRP
CFRP 30%
40%CFRP
Trek
SSL
55g/m2 950g Salomen SA
100%CFRP 2-39
2010
1183
2-39 (TORAYCA)
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
2011
201
2
201
5
()
755
859
966
107
1183
129
140
168
---
7
---
---
7
---
8
---
6
---
()
691
819
()
2
11
38
69
---
---
---
---
---
(2)
CFRP
CFRP
18
9
11
CFRP
CFRP
70%
1996
100
2.5.3
10% 10%
GT
57S
M6
1992
191
1/4 BPS240
(MSL)
172 367.9
53%
113kg
100
2.2kg 1800
4
2.5.4
2700 t
(1)
(tether)(Riser)
2005-2010
2005-2010
2005-2010
(2)
GEC 2004 40000MV 2008
95000MV 34000 11000 2MV
1500-2000 2004-2008
59000 15000 / 06 50%
2008 4536 t
3.1 PAN
3.1.1 PAN
500 PAN 200 /
PAN (T300)
400 t/a
2005
100 40 T-300 PAN
2500 1000
400 12K
T300 2006 PAN
T300T700
2003
800 t
800 t
( T300)
CF CF
14001600 t/
11 7100 / 1560 /
4 1100 / 470 /
DMSO
1K3K
10
1K3K
25
10
DMSO
1K3K
60
14
NaSCN
3K6K
40
100
800
10
10
DMSO
1K3K
40
10
DMSO
1K3K
200
DMSO
12K
10
10
1310
40
6K12K
NaSCN
3K6K
6K12K
12K
DMSO
1K3K
T300
PAN
PAN
PAN
6K 12
K
320K
5000
DMSO
1000
NaSCN
6K 12
K
6K 12
K
400
3-12K
200
500
250
40
6K 12
K
6K 12
K
1K3K
1-12K
100
250
DMSO
20
100
12K
500
1800
DMSO
200
800
250
DMSO
DMSO
50
100
400
3
3K
500
100
7500
5000
3000
1000
1000
200
160
3000
500
2000
1000
30
10000
2500
2500
12K
12K
2200
1000
1000
3K
200
3000
25
6000
1000
12000
4800
55525
25750
3.1.2
1996-2002 20%2007
3500 t/a 33
3-3
2005 1998-2008 (
3-43-5)
() 2003 4400 t/a 2008
6800 t/a
2003-2008
2008
1998 2%12%
3-4 t/a
1998
2003
2008
1998-2003 /%
500
1000
1200
14.9
4500
5400
8000
3.8
2003-2008 /%
4.1
8.2
3-5 %
20
20
29
5.2
12.1
2
4
12
14.9
38.0
78
76
59
3.0
3.0
1998
2003
2008
1998-2003 /%
2003-2008 /%
PAN
3.1.3
3
(2)
(3)
25 %
44 %
(4)
T 300
(5) PAN PAN T300
T300
4900MPa
PAN
PAN2.2 kg 1 kg
2.5 kg
(2)
PAN
(3)
PAN
PAN
(4)
PAN
90%
3.2
863 PAN
DMSO
)1K3K
(
T300 12K
/(12K)T30012K
2002
T700 3
2
T700
-
T300
T300
PAN
PAN
1 20%
3.3
(
) 80-90%2002 PAN
2235 t 3-62002
87%
11% 2%
3
3-6 2002 PAN (t/a)
/%
955
400
43
18
320
14
260
12
150
100
7
4
50
2235
2
100
2004
4600 90% 24K
100
1000
300 (
)
3.4
2003 2003
2500 t 87%
11% 2%
2005 3000 t
/%
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2005
2006
2010
580
640
700
945
1087
1272
2235
2500
3000
5800
10.3
9.4
35.0
15.0
17.0
75.7
11.9
20.0
60
60
245
142
185
963
265
500
2005600/3-7 2500/
2002300
200020063-8
3-8200020062006
175.8%
5850 t/a20002121 t/a
3-8 20002006
t/a
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2121
2221
2935
3776
5003
5635
5850
4.7
38.4
78.0
135.9
165.7
175.8
/%
3-93-102003-20044500 t>24
K2500 t<24K2000 t60%
33% 5%
<24K 67% 33%
55% 45%
9%-11%2009
7500 t >24K
3500 t<24K4000 t3500 t46.7
%3000 t40%1000 t13.3%
2005-2009
3
3-9 2003-2004 t/a
>24K
<24K
0
1000
1500
2500
250
500
1250
2000
250
1500
2750
4500
>24K
<24K
0
1750
1750
3500
1000
1250
1750
4000
1000
3000
3500
7500
2003-2010 3-11
2005
2010
1900 t/a 2003 9.5
2010 250 t/a 2003 4.2 2003-2010
3-11 t/a
2003
2004
2005
2010
60
90
120
250
3000
3600
3800
4000
200
340
500
1900
3260
4030
4420
6150
3.5
2003
(T30012K) 2003 10 / 2005
(T30012K) 60 /
80 /2004 100%
T3003K 800
900 / 40005000 / 400%
1.3 /
4.4 /18
/
(3-6K) 200 /(
(*ST (000928) 100%) 10 05 2295
)(12K) 55 /
18 / 37 / 3
33% 25 /
200 / 33% 170 /
40 50 / 200 / 500 /
3.6
3.6.1
PAN
3.6.2
(1)
2007
2020
1600 1500 1800 2050 3000
3500 4000 2007 10
900
(CFRP)
2020 1764
1459
400
(2)
1990 50
2000
1990-2006
(PV
News [PVN2007])
(
3
12) 10 6-8
3-12
(MPa)
()
(ppm)
g/cm3
,
10-15
15 -25
200
1.6-1.8
,
120-200
100 -130
200
1.5-1.7
3-13 PV IT
( ) (kg)
()
2500
130
3,250,000
65,000
500
270
1,350,000
27,000
300
200
60,000
12,000
5,200,000
104,000
/
3 5
5
2500 30%
2010 4000 500 2010 1000
10000 2010 43500
300 18 /
130 27 /270
54 100 20
/ 463 /
//
10 PV IT
3-13
(3)
1.6109
135 53.540
1.4 h
11 3 1.9
2004 3
34.7%65.7% 90.9%2006 2.6 GW
5 GW 10-12 GW 2020
20 GW
2005 2 2010
400 2010 60
2005 11 2020 2,000
3,000 8,000
2,400
1/4 1/3
1500-2000 2020 3000
(4)
2000 2010
1 ( 3-14)
3-14
1990
51
46.7
551
1995
146
114
1145
2000
208.8
148.3
1608.9
2001
233.44
163.09
1671
2005
320
210
2400
2010
450
230
3300