36BT 8 de On HK It 7

Nguyn Thanh Vinh-THCS NGUYN DU
E CNG ON TAP TOAN 7 HKI

NM HC 2010 2011
PHN I : LY THUYET
A I S
1/ Chng I : So hu t. So thc:
a/ So hu t la so viet c di dang phan so
a
b
(Trong o a, b e Z, b =
0)
Ta co: Nc Z c Q

b/ Moi x, y e Q.
( )
a b
x = ; y = a,b,m Z; m 0
m m
a b a + b
x + y = + =
m m m
e =

c/ Moi x, y e Q.
( )
( )
a b
*
x = ; y = a,b,c,d Z
c d
a b a . b
x . y = . =
c d c . d
a b a . d
x :y : y 0
c d c . b
e
= = =

d/ Gia tr tuyet oi cua mot so hu t x la khoang cach t iem x en
iem 0 tren truc so.
KH: x
Ta co:
x
x
-x
va vi moi x e Q th x 0 > ; x x = ; x x >

e/ Luy tha bac n cua so hu t x la tch cua n tha so bang x
n
x x.x.x...x = (trong o x la c so, n la so mu, n e N va n > 1)

f/ Cac cong thc tnh luy tha:
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
n m n m
x .x x
n m n m
x :x x ; x 0,n m
m
n n.m
x x
n
n n
x.y x .y
n
n n
x :y x :y y 0
+
=
= = >
=
=
= =

g/ T le thc la ang thc cua hai t so
a c
b d
= ( a, d la ngoai t. b, c la
trung t)
N
Z
Q
Neu x > 0
Neu x < 0
n tha
so


Tnh chat 1: Neu
a c
b d
= th a.d = b.c (Tch trung t bang tch ngoai
t)
Tnh chat 2: Neu a.d = b.c th :
a c
b d
= hoac
d c
b a
= hoac
a b
c d
= hoac
d b
c a
=
h/ Tnh chat day t so bang nhau:

a c a c
b d b d
= =

Hoac
a c e a c e
b d f b d f
= = =
hoac
a c e a e e c
b d f b f f d
+
= = = =
+

(Gia s cac t so eu co ngha)

k/ So vo t la so viet c di dang so thap phan vo han khong tuan
hoan.
Can bac hai cua mot so a khong am la so x sao cho x
2
= a.

( )
a x a,x 0 = > ;
Lu y: Vi moi so thc dng a luon co hai can bac hai la a va
a
So am khong co can bac hai
So 0 chco mot can bac hai.
Tap hp so thc R = Q I va N c Z c Q c R
2/ Chng I I : Ham so va o th :
a/ Neu hai ai lng X va Y
lien he vi nhau bi cong thc Y =
k.X (k = 0), ta noi Y t le thuan vi X
theo he so t le k.
Khi o X cung t le
nghch vi Y theo he so t le
1
k
.
X x
1
x
2
x
3
...
Y y
1
y
2
y
3
...
(Vi x
i
; y
i
la cac gia tr tng ng
cua hai ai lng.)
Ta co:
3 1 2
1 2 3
x x x
...
y y y
= = =
b/ Neu hai ai lng X va Y
lien he vi nhau bi cong thc Y =
k
X

(Hoac X.Y = k (k = 0)), ta noi Y
t le nghch vi X theo he so t
le k.
Khi o X cung t le
nghch vi Y theo he so t le k.
X x
1
x
2
x
3
...
Y y
1
y
2
y
3
...
(Vi x
i
; y
i
la cac gia tr tng ng
cua hai ai lng.)
Ta co:
1 1 2 2 3 3
x .y x .y x .y ... k = = = =

c/ Neu ai lng y phu thuoc vao ai lng thay oi x sao cho vi moi gia
tr cua x ta luon xac nh dc chmot gia tr tng ng cua y th y
c goi la ham so cua x va x la bien so.
Neu y la ham so cua x, ta viet: y = f(x) hoac y = g(x) ...
d/ Mat phang toa o:


_ Moi iem M xac nh cap so (x
0
; y
0
) va ngc lai moi cap so (x
0
;
y
0
) xac nh mot iem M trong mat phang toa o Oxy.
_ Cap so (x
0
; y
0
) goi la toa o iem M trong mat phang toa o Oxy.
Trong o:
x
0
: La hoanh o cua iem M
y
0
: La tung o cua iem M

y
x
O
M(x ; y)
1 2 3
1
2
3
-1
-1
-2
y
x

e/ o th ham so y = a.x (a = 0).
o th ham so y = a.x (a = 0) la ng thang i qua goc toa o O va
iem A(1; a)

y
x
O
A(1 ; a)
1 2 3
1
2
3
-1
-1
-2
a

B HNH HC
1/ Chng I : ng thang vuong goc. ng thang
song song.
a/ Hai goc oi nh:

1 2
y'
y
x
x'
O


N: Hai goc oi nh la hai goc ma moi canh cua goc nay la tia oi
cua mot canh cua goc kia.
TC: Hai goc oi nh th bang nhau.
b/ Hai ng thang vuong goc:
N: Hai ng thang vuong goc la hai ng
thang cat nhau va trong cac goc tao thanh co mot
goc vuong.
TC: Co mot va ch mot ng thang a i qua O
va vuong goc vi ng thang a cho trc.
N: ng thang vuong goc vi oan thang tai trung
iem cua no goi la ng trung trc cua oan thang ay.
c/ Hai ng thang song song:
N: Hai ng thang song song la hai ng
thang khong co iem chung.
Cach nhan biet:
Neu ng thang c cat hai ng thang a, b va
trong cac goc tao thanh co mot cap goc so le trong
(hoac cap goc ong v) bang nhau, hoac cap goc
ong v bu nhau th a // b.

Hai ng thang phan biet cung vuong goc
vi ng thang th ba th chung song song vi nhau.

Hai ng thang phan biet cung song song vi
ng thang th ba th chung song song vi nhau.
TC: Neu mot ng thang cat hai ng thang
song song th :
+ Hai goc so le trong bang nhau.
+ Hai goc ong v bang nhau,
+ Hai goc trong cung pha bu nhau.
d/ Tien e clit:
Qua mot iem nam ngoai ng thang ch co mot ng thang song song vi
ng thang o.
e/ nh ly:
nh ly la mot khang nh suy ra t nhng khang nh c coi la ung.
nh ly gom hai phan: GT va KL
Chng minh nh ly la dung lap luan e i t GT suy ra KL.
I 1/ Chng II : Tam giac
a/ Tong ba goc cua mot tam giac
- Tong ba goc cua mot tam giac bang 180
0

- Trong tam giac vuong hai goc nhon phu nhau.
- Moi goc ngoai cua mot tam giac bang tong hai goc trong khong ke vi
no.
b/ Hai tam giac bang nhau:

y'
y
x x' O

d
A
B

a
b
c
4 3
2
1
4
3
1 2
A
B

a
b
c

d
d'
d''


- Hai tam giac bang nhau la hai tam giac co cac canh tng ng bang nhau
va cac canh tng ng bang nhau.
- K hieu:
A D;B E;C F
ABC DEF
AB DE;AC DF;BC EF
= = =
A = A
= = =

b/ Cac trng hp bang nhau cua hai tam giac
- (c . c . c) Neu ba canh cua tam giac nay bang ba canh cua tam giac kia
th hai tam giac ay bang nhau.
Ngha la gia s

ABC va DEF, co:
AB DE
AC DF ABC DEF
BC EF
A A
=
= A = A
=
)

- (c . g . c) Neu hai canh va goc xen gia cua tam giac nay bang hai canh
va goc xen gia cua tam giac kia
th hai tam giac ay bang nhau.
Ngha la gia s
v , c : ABC DEF
AB DE
B E ABC DEF
BC EF
A A
=
= A = A
=
)

- (g . c . g) Neu mot canh va hai goc ke cua tam giac nay bang mot
canh va hai goc ke cua tam giac
kia th hai tam giac o bang nhau.
Ngha la gia s
ABC va DEF, co:
AB DE
B E ABC DEF
A D
A A
=
= A = A
`
=

)

c/ Cac trng hp bang nhau cua hai tam giac vuong:
- (hai canh goc vuong) Neu hai canh goc vuong cua tam giac vuong nay
lan lt bang hai canh goc vuong cua
tam giac vuong kia th hai tam giac ay
bang nhau.
Ngha la gia s AABC vuong tai A, ADEF
vuong tai D.
Neu co:
AB DE
ABC DEF
AC DF
=
A =A
`
=
)

- (cgv gn) Neu canh goc vuong va mot goc nhon ke canh ay cua tam
giac vuong nay bang canh goc vuong
ke canh ay cua tam giac vuong kia th hai
tam giac vuong o bang nhau.

(c . c . c)
(c . g . c)
(g . c . g)
E F
A
B
C
D

E F
A
B
C
D

E F
A
B
C
D

(2 canh goc vuong
)
A
E
B
C
D
F

A
E
B
C
D
F


Ngha la gia s AABC vuong tai A, ADEF vuong tai D.
Neu co:
AB DE
ABC DEF
B E
=

A = A
`
=

)

- (ch gn) Neu canh huyen va mot goc nhon cua tam giac vuong nay
bang canh huyen va mot goc nhon
cua tam giac vuong kia th hai tam giac
vuong o bang nhau.
Ngha la gia s AABC vuong tai A,
ADEF vuong tai D.
Neu co:
BC EF
ABC DEF
B E
=

A = A
`
=

)

PHN II : CC DNG BI TP
i s
--------------------------
Dng1: Cc php tnh vi s thc:
Bi 1: Thc hin php tnh:
a)
4 1 5 2
: 6 .
9 7 9 3
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
; b)
2 2
1 4 7 1
. .
3 11 11 3
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .

a)
0 2
1 4 2
2 .
7 9 3
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
; b)
7 2
3 5
2 .9
3 .2
.
a)
2
1 5 5
: 2
3 6 6
| |
+
|
\ .
; b) 5, 7 3, 6 3.(1, 2 2,8) +
a)
4
25 3
9
; b)
5 2 5
2 : 1
3 7 21
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .

a) 12,7 17,2 + 199,9 22,8 149,9; b)
4
0
1 2
2007
2 3
| |
+
|
\ .

a)
3
1 1
4 : 5
2 2
| |
+
|
\ .
; b)
0
6
3 9 : 2
7
| |
+
|
\ .

a)
5 19 16 4
0, 5
21 23 21 23
+ + ; b)
( )
3 1 1
2 : 25 64
2 8
+ + .
(cgv - gn )
(ch - gn )
A
E
B
C
D
F


a)
3 2 17 3
:
4 3 4 4
| |
+
|
\ .
; b) ( ) ( )
2 2 7 11
5 . 5 .
45 45
+
a)
2
1 1
: 1
3 3
| |
|
\ .
; b)
1 2 5 3 7 5
2 3 3 2 3 2
| | | | | |
+
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
.
a) ( ) ( )
2 3 1
3 . 49 5 : 25
3
+ ; b)
27 5 4 6 1
23 21 23 21 2
+ + +
Dng 2: T l thc Ton chia t l:
Bi 1: Tm x,y bit:
12 3
x y
= v 36 x y =
Bi 2: Cho y t l thun vi x v khi x = 6 th y = 4.
a) Hy biu din y theo x.
b) Tm y khi x = 9; tm x khi 8 y = .
Bi 3: Tm x, y, z khi
6 4 3
x y z
= = v 21 x y z + =
Bi 4: Cho bit hai i lng x v y t l nghch vi nhau v khi x = 8 th y = 15.
a) Hy biu din y theo x.
b) Tnh gi tr ca y khi x = 6; x = 10 .
c) Tnh gi tr ca x khi y = 2; y = 30.
Bi 5: Tm 2 s x,y bit:
5
7
x
y
= v 72 x y + = .
Bi 6: Tm 2 s a,b bit: 11.a = 5.b v ab=24.
Bi 7: Ba nh sn xut gp vn theo t l 3; 5; 7. Hi mi nh sn xut phi gp bao
nhiu vn bit rng tng s vn l 210 triu ng.
Bi 8: Mt tam gic c s o ba gc ln lt t l vi 3; 5; 7. Tnh s o cc gc ca tam
gic .
Bi 9: Ba i my cy, cy ba cnh ng cng din tch. i th nht cy xong trong 2
ngy, i th hai trong 4 ngy, i th 3 trong 6 ngy. Hi mi i c bao nhiu my bit
rng ba i c tt c 33 my.
Bi 10: Cho bit 8 ngi lm c mt cnh ng ht 5 gi. Hi nu tng thm 2 ngi (vi
nng sut nh nhau) th lm c cnh ng trong bao lu?

Dng 3: Hm s - th y = ax
Bi 1: Cho hm s ( ) 1 5 y f x x = = .
a)Tnh :
1 3
(1); ( 2); ;
5 5
f f f f
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

b)Tm x bit f(x)=-4
Bi 2: Cho bit x v y l hai i lng t l thun c cc gi tr theo bng:
in gi tr thch hp vo trng:

x -8 -3 1
y 72 -18 -36
Bi 3: Cho hm s y = f(x) = -2x
a/ Tnh: f(-2); f(4)


b/ V th hm s y = -2x
c/ Cc im sau im no nm trn th ca hm s A(2;4), B(-3;6) ;C
1
( ;1)
2

Bi 4: Cho hm s: y = f(x) = x
2
1

a/ Tnh: f(-2); f( 3); f(4).
b/ V th hm s: : y = x
2
1

hnh hc
-----------------------------
Bi tp tng hp
Bi 1 : Cho ABC A c A =90
0
v AB=AC.Gi K l trung im ca BC
a) Chng minh : AAKB =AAKC
b) Chng minh : AKBC
c ) T C v ng vung gc vi BC ct ng thng AB ti E.
Chng minh EC //AK

Bi 2 : Cho gc nhn xOy , C l im trn tia Ox, D l im trn tia Oy , sao cho OC =
OD. Gi I l im trn tia phn gic Oz ca gc xOy , sao cho OI > OC .
a/ Chng minh IC = ID v IO l phn gic ca gc CID .
b/ Gi J l giao im ca OI v CD , chng minh OI l ng trung trc ca on CD

Bi 3 :Cho OMB A vung ti O ,c BK l phn gic , trn cnh BM ly im I sao cho BO=
BI
a/ Chng minh : KI BM
b/ Gi A l giao im ca BO v IK . Chng minh: KA = KM

Bi 4 : Cho gc nhn xOy c Oz l phn gic ca n. T mt im M trn tia Oz , V mt
ng thng song song vi Oy . T M v mt ng thng song song Ox , ct Oy ti B .
a/ Chng minh OA = OB
b/ V MH Ox ti H , MK Oy ti K . Chng minh : MH = MK
c/ Chng minh OM l trung trc ca AB

Bi 5: Cho ABC A vung ti B. Gi D l trung im ca cnh AC. Trn tia i ca tia DB
ly im E sao cho DB = DE. Chng minh:
a/ CDE ADB A = A
b/
ACE l gc vung

Bai 6: Cho ABC A c AB = AC. Tia phn gic ca gc A ct cnh BC ti D. Chng minh
rng
a/ ACD ABD A = A
b/

B C =

Bai 7: Cho tam gic AOB . Trn tia i ca tia OA ly im C sao cho OC = OA , trn tia
i ca tia OB ly im D sao cho OD = OB


a/ Chng minh AB // CD
b/ M l nt im nm gia A v B. Tia MO ct CD N , chng minh : A = A OAM ONC
c/ T M k MI vung gc vi OA , t N k NF vung gc OC , chng minh : MI = NF
Bai 8: Cho ABC co AB = AC , ke BD AC , CE AB ( D thuoc AC , E thuoc
AB ) . Goi O la giao iem cua BD va CE .
Chng minh ; a/ BD = CE
b/ OEB = ODC
c/ AO la tia phan giac cua goc BAC .
----------------------------------------------
PHN III : E THI
E
1
Bai 1:
anh dau x vao o vuong cua cau tra li ung trong cac cau hoi sau:
1.
3 2
3 .3 =
, 3
6
, 3
1
, 3
5
, 9
6

2. Neu x 4 = th x bang:
, -2 , 2 , 16 , -16
3. T t le thc 1,2: x 2: 5 = . Suy ra x bang:
, 3 , 3,2 , 0,48 , 2,08
4.
( )( )
1 1
2 3
2 3
| || |
=
| |
\ .\ .

, 1 , -2 , -1 , 2
Bai 2: Cho biet hai ai lng x va y t le thuan vi nhau va khi x = 5 th y = 10.
a/ Tm he so t le cua y oi vi x?
b/ Tnh gia tr cua y khi x =
1
2
.
c/ Tnh gia tr cua x khi y = - 4
Bai 3: Cho hnh ve sau ay:
a/ Hay ghi toa o cac iem sau: ( ien vao
cac cap so tng ng)

A( ; )
B( ; )
C( ; )
D( ; )
b/ anh dau cac iem sau ay tren mat
phang toa o Oxy:
E(2 ; 4) F(
1
2
2
; 0)
G(
1
1
2
; 3) H(0 ;
1
1
2
)
Bai 4: Thc hien phep tnh sau:


a.
3 2 5
5 3 2
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
b.
4 15
.
5 2
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
c.
( )
3
0,25 :
4
d.
2 3
4
5 .5
5

Bai 5:
Mot oi cong nhan lam ng luc au gom 50 ngi va nh lam xong
cong trnh trong 30 ngay. Nhng sau o oi c tang cng them 25 ngi. Hoi
rang e lam xong cong trnh o oi phai lam trong bao nhieu ngay? (gia s
nang suat lam viec cua moi ngi la nh nhau)
Bai 6: Tm x e Q, biet: a/ x 3 = b/
( )
x x 1 0 + <
Bai 7: Cho ABC co AB = AC , ke BD AC , CE AB ( D thuoc AC , E thuoc
AB ) . Goi O la giao iem cua BD va CE .
Chng minh ; a/ BD = CE
b/ OEB = ODC
c/ AO la tia phan giac cua goc BAC
.
E
2
Bai 1: Viet cong thc tnh luy tha cua mot luy tha? Ap dung: Tnh
( )
3
2
2
Bai 2: Cho biet x va y la hai ai lng t le nghch va khi x = 3 th y =
1
1
3
.
a/ Tm he so t a cua y oi vi x.
b/ Tnh gia tr cua y khi x = -8.
Tnh gia tr cua x khi y = 1.
Bai 3: Trong hnh ve, ng thang OA la o th
ham so y = ax.
a/ Hay xac nh he so a.
b/ anh dau iem B tren o th coa hoanh
o la -2.
c/ anh dau iem C tren o th co tung o
la
1
2

Bai 4:
e chuan b cho nam hoc mi, me ban Tuan
d nh mua cho con 25 cuon tap va phai tra so tien la 75 000 . Sau o do ch
can mua 20 cuon tap, hoi me Tuan phai tra bao nhieu tien?
Bai 5: Biet rang y t le nghch vi x theo he so t le la 3 va z t le nghch
vi y theo he so t le 5. Hoi z va x t le nghch hay thuan va he so t le la
bao nhieu?
Bai 6: Thc hien cac phep tnh sau:
a/
2 3 1
3 4 2
+ b/
2 5 3
.
3 2 4
| |
|
\ .
c/ 3 2,5: 0,5 d/
2
3 7
2
2 2
| |

|
\ .

Bai 7: Tm cac so a, b, c biet a:b:c = 3:5:7 va a + b c = 10


Bai 8: Tm x e Q, biet: a/
2 5
: x
3 6
= b/
3 1 4
x
4 2 5
| |
+ =
|
\ .

Bai 9 : So sanh hai so
15
25 va
10 30
8 .3
Bai 10: Cho tam gic AOB . Trn tia i ca tia OA ly im C sao cho OC = OA , trn
tia i ca tia OB ly im D sao cho OD = OB
a/ Chng minh AB // CD
b/ M l nt im nm gia A v B. Tia MO ct CD N , chng minh : A = A OAM ONC
c/ T M k MI vung gc vi OA , t N k NF vung gc OC , chng minh : MI = NF

E
3

Bai 1: Trong cac cau sau ay, cau nao ung, cau nao sai?

Cau ung Sai
1. So t nhien a la so hu t
2. So 0 khong phai la so thc
3. Neu x s 0 th x x =

4. Neu
b c
e f
= th b.c = e.f

Bai 2: Cho biet x, y la hai ai lng t nghch va khi x = 2 th y = 3. Cac cap so
sau ay, cap so nao cung la hai gia tr tng ng cua hai ai lng x va y.
(anh dau x vao o thch thch hp)
, (x = -3 ; y = 2) , (x = -2 ; y = -3) , (x = -3 ; y = -2) , (x=3; y=2)
Bai 3:
a/ Ve trong mat phang toa o Oxy o th ham so y = -4x.
b/ iem nao sau ay thuoc o th ham so: A(-2; 4) B(1; -4)
c/ Tm tung o cua iem C, biet rang C thuoc o th ham so tren va co
hoanh o bang -1
Bai 4: Mot khu vn hnh ch nhat co chieu dai 100m, chieu rong 77m. Ngi
ta nh trong 4 loai cay an trai nen chia khu vn thanh 4 phan co dien tch t
le vi 24, 20, 18, 15. Hoi dien tch cua moi pha?
Bai 5: Trong mat phang toa o Oxy, hay ve tam giac ABC vi A(2; 1) , B(-1; 3) ,
C(0; -2)
Bai 6: Thc hien cac phep tnh sau (bang cach hp ly neu co the)
a/
3 5 4 18
7 13 7 13
+ + b/
5 1 5
7,5: 2 :
3 2 3
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .

Bai 7: Viet cac so sau ay di dang luy tha co c so la 2;
a/ 16
2
b/ 8.2
5
:16 c/ 32:2
4
.8 d/ 4
2
.2
3
:2
5

Bai 8 So sanh cac so hu t sau: a/
1274
2530
va 1,2 b/
1000
999
va
2002
2003

Bai 9: Cho ABC A c AB = AC. Tia phn gic ca gc A ct cnh BC ti D.


Chng minh rng
a/ ACD ABD A = A
b/

B C =
E
4

Bai 1: ien cac dau < ; = ; > thch hp vao o vuong.
a/
0
2
3
| |
|
\ .
,
2
3
b/ 16 9 + , 16 9 + c/ 1,25 ,
5
4
d/
4
3 ,
2
25.2
Bai 2: Thc hien cac phep tnh:
a/
3 1
0,8. 7
5 2
| |
+
|
\ .
b/
2 5
4
3 .3
3
c/
3 13 7 1 35 11 2
3
4 11 5 2 11 4 5
| | | | | |
+ +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

Bai 3: Tm x, y biet: y x = 240 va y : x = 5

Bai 4: Biet x va y la hai ai lng t le thuan. ien vao bang sau cac so thch
hp:

x -4 1 4
y -7
1
3
2
-12

Bai 5:
a/ Trong mat phang Oxy, ve o th ham so y = 3x.
b/ Tm toa o iem A, biet A thuoc o th ham so noi tren va A co tung
o la -6.
c/ iem nao tren o th co hoanh o va tung o bang nhau.
Bai 6: Chia so 1748 thanh hai phan t le thuan vi 5 va 14?
Bai 7: Cho biet y t le nghch vi x theo he so t le la 2 va z t le thuan vi
y theo he so t le la 5.
a/ Hoi z va x t le thuan hay t le nghch?
b/ Tnh gia tr cua z neu x = -5
Bai 8: Cho ham so y = f(x) = x 1 + . Hay ien vao o trong cac gia tr thch hp:
x -3 -2
1
2
0
1
1
2
4 6,5 7
y
Bai 9: Tm n e N biet:
n n
3 .2 216 =
Bai 10: Chng minh rang:
Neu
a c
b d
= th
a b c d
b d
+ +
= (vi a, b, c, d = 0)
Bi 11 : Cho ABC A vung ti B. Gi D l trung im ca cnh AC. Trn tia i ca tia DB
ly im E sao cho DB = DE. Chng minh:


a/ CDE ADB A = A
b/
ACE l gc vung
E
5
Bai 1: Viet cong thc tnh luy tha cua mot thng. Ap dung: tnh
2
2
250
50

Bai 2: anh dau x vao o vuong cua cau tra li ung trong cac cau hoi sau:
1.
( )
2
3
0,6
(
=
(

, (-0,6)
5
, 0,6
5
, (-0,6)
6
, -0,6

2.
( )
2
4 =
, 4 , -4 , 16 , -16
3. Ket qua phep tnh
3 6 1
:
4 5 2
| |
=
|
\ .

,
15
34
,
1
8
,
1
8
,
15
34

4.
3
3
1
.3
3
| |
=
|
\ .

, 9 ,
1
3
, 1 , 3
Bai 3: Hoan thanh cac nh ngha sau:
a. ng thang vuong goc vi mot oan thang tai trung iem cua no goi
la .............................................................................................................................
b. Hai ng thang xx va yy cat nhau va ........................................................
goi la hai ng thang vuong goc.
c. Hai tam giac bang nhau la hai tam giac co ....................................................
........................................................................................................................................
Bai 4: Tm cac so x, y, z biet x : y : z = 5 : 7 : 8 va x + y z = 2,4
Bai 5:
a/ Ve o th ham so y = -2x
b/ iem nao sau ay thuoc o th ham so noi tren:
1
A ; 4
2
| |
|
\ .

( )
B 3;6

Bai 6: Tm so t nhien n, biet: a/
n
n
3 27
64 4
= b/
n n
2 5 4
.
5 3 9
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

Bai 7: Biet Neu x x = th x s 0. Tm x, neu x 5 5 x =


Bai 8: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A. ng phan giac cua goc B cat AC tai
D. Tren BC lay iem E sao cho BE = AB. Chng minh:
a. AD = DE
b. Tnh goc BED?

E
6

Bai 1: anh dau x vao o thch hp.
Cau ung Sai
1.
m n m n
x : x x

= (x = 0; m > n)

2. 25 49 25 49 + = +

3. Neu a la so thc th a viet c di dang so thap
phan vo han hoac hu han.

4. Vi moi x e Q ta luon co x x >

Bai 2:
anh dau x vao o vuong cua cau tra li ung trong cac cau hoi sau:
1.
3 2
3 .3 =
, 3
6
, 3
1
, 3
5
, 9
6

2. Neu x 4 = th x bang:
, -2 , 2 , 16 , -16
3. T t le thc 1,2: x 2: 5 = . Suy ra x bang:
, 3 , 3,2 , 0,48 , 2,08
4.
( )( )
1 1
2 3
2 3
| || |
=
| |
\ .\ .

, 1 , -2 , -1 , 2
Bai 3 Thc hien cac phep tnh (bang cach hp ly neu co the)
a/
( ) ( )
1,7. 2,3 7,7 .1,7 + b/
2 1 1
2 1 : 25
3 3 4
| |
+
|
\ .

c/ 16 25 d/
3 3 3
10 2.5 5
55
+ +

Bai 4:
Ba canh cua mot tam giac t le vi 4:3:2. Chu vi cua tam giac la 27dm. Tnh o
dai ba canh cua tam giac?
Bai 5: Tm x e Q, biet: a/
5 3
1
x : x
16
= b/
5 1
x 4
2 2
+ =
Bai 6: Ba lp 7
A
, 7
B
, 7
3
cua trng c giao nhiem vu cham soc vn trng,
die tch la 250cm
2
. Dien tch nhan cham soc t le vi so HS cua lp, biet


rang so HS cua lp 7
A
, 7
B
t le vi 5 : 6. So HS cua lp 7
B
, 7
C
t le vi 7 : 8.
Tnh phan dien tch cua vn ma moi lp nhan cham soc?
Bai 7: Tm so nguyen x e A co gia tr nguyen:
5
A
x 3
=

Bai 8: Cho tam giac ABC (AB < AC). Tia phan giac cua goc A cat BC tai D. Tren
AC lay E sao cho AE = AB.
a. Chng minh rang: DE = DB
b. Tam giac ABC co ieu kien g th DE cuong goc vi AC?

E
8
BI DNG HNH HC
I / TRAC NGHI EM:
Cau 1: Xem hnh ve roi khoanh tron cau tra li ung.
A.
a c
Do nen a / / b
b c

B.
0
1
D 50 =
C.
2
0
D 130 =
D. Ca ba cau eu ung.
Cau 2: Xem hnh ve, biet a // b va c a.
Khoanh tron cau tra li ung.
A. c b
B. 3 4
A B =
C. 3 1 A B =
D. Ca A va C eu ung.
Cau 3: Cho hai goc xOy va yOz ke bu va hai
goc nay bang nhau. So o moi goc la:
A. , 30
0
B. , 60
0
C. , 90
0
D. , 180
0

Cau 4: Xem hnh ve, biet Ax // By.
0
xAI 40 = ,
0
AIB 90 = .
So o IBy la :
A. , 40
0
B. , 50
0

C. , 60
0
D. , 70
0

Cau 5: Cho tam giac ABC, A 50 = ; B: C 2: 3 = . So o
goc B va goc C lan lt la:
A. , 48
0
; 82
0
B. , 54
0
; 76
0
C. , 52
0
; 78
0
D. , Ket qua khac
Cau 6: So o x trong hnh ve sau la:
A. , 100
0
B. , 110
0

C. , 130
0
D. , 140
0

a
b
c
4
3 2
1
4
3 2
1
B
A

x
y
40
A
I
B

x
70
120
A
C B


Cau 7: Trong hnh ve sau ay (cac yeu to bang nhau c ghi vi k hieu giong
nhau). Cac cap tam giac nao bang nhau theo trng hp c g c ?
A. AAOD = ACOB
B. AAOD = ABOC
C. AAOB = ACOD
D. AAOB = ADOC
E. Ca A va C eu ung.

Cau 8: Xem hnh ve, biet Ax // By,
0
A 40 = ,
0
B 55 = . So o x va y lan lt la:
A. , 100
0
; 45
0
B. , 95
0
; 40
0

C. , 110
0
; 55
0
D. , Ket qua khac

I I / T LUAN
Bai 1: Cho oan thang BC. Goi I la trung iem BC. Tren ng trung trc cua
oan BC lay iem A (A khac I)
1. Chng minh AAIB = AAIC
2. Ke IH AB, ke IK AC
a. Chng minh AH = AK
b. Chng minh HK // BC
Bai 2: Cho tam giac ABC. M la trung iem cua AC. Tren tia oi cua tia MB lay
iem D sao cho MD = MB. Chng minh:
a. AAMD = AAMB
b. CD // AB
c. Goi I va K lan lt la trung iem cua AD va BC. Chng minh M la trung
iem cua IK.
Bai 3: Cho tam giac ABC. M la trung iem cua BC. Tren tia oi cua tia MA lay
iem D sao cho MD = MA. Chng minh:
a. AAMB = ADMC
b. CD // AB
c. Ke AH vuong goc vi BC, tren AH keo dai lay N sao cho HA = HN.
Chng minh rang BH la tia phan giac cua goc ABN.
Bai 4: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A. ng phan giac cua goc B cat AC tai
D. Tren BC lay iem E sao cho BE = AB. Chng minh:
c. AD = DE
d. Tnh goc BED?
Bai 5: Cho tam giac ABC (AB < AC). Tia phan giac cua goc A cat BC tai D. Tren
AC lay E sao cho AE = AB.
c. Chng minh rang: DE = DB
d. Tam giac ABC co ieu kien g th DE cuong goc vi AC?

O
C
A
B
D

x
y
y
x
55
40
A
I
B


36BT 8 de On HK It 7

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36BT 8 de On HK It 7

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Nguyn Thanh Vinh-THCS NGUYN DU

E CNG ON TAP TOAN 7 HKI

va vi moi x e Q th x 0 > ; x x = ; x x >

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