MC LC

LI NI U.......................................................................................................4
Chng 1: C S L THUYT..........................................................................5
Chng 2: THIT K TUYN VI BA...............................................................19
Ba ch tiu ch yu nh gi cht lng tuyn l:....................................26
khng s dng ng cho php (i vi ng trc):.....................................26
Pucf = 0,06L/600 % vi L<600km ....................................................................26
Vi L [km]........................................................................................................... 26
v d: L=30km..................................................................................................... 27
Pucf = 0,06L/600 % = 0,06.30/600 % = 0,003% ...................................................27
khng s dng c ca mng ni ht (gi tr cho php) l 0,0325% (ti mi u
cui)..................................................................................................................... 27
khng s dng c (gi tr cho php) ca hnh trnh ngc l 0,0225%.......27
Mc ch cc tnh ton ch tiu cht lng l nhm xc nh xc sut vt cc ch
tiu BER, bng cch s dng cc gi tr ca cc xc sut tm ra trong cc tnh ton
ng truyn....................................................................................................... 27
Cc mc tiu t l li bit BER c s dng sao cho BER khng c ln hn cc
gi tr sau:............................................................................................................27
KT LUN.........................................................................................................40
1
BNG THNG N MN HC
H v tn:
Mssv:
Lp:
Tn n: Thit k tuyn viba s t Thnh Ph Vinh n Th Trn Nam
n
Ln Thi gian Ni dung Nhn xet Ch ky cua
GVHD
1 - Gii thiu va tim hiu tai
- Phn nhom thc hin tai

2 - Giao tai thc hin cho
nhom

3 - Thng qua c s ly thuyt
thc hin tai

4 - Hng dn thit k va thi
cng tai

5 - Chinh sa bao cao an
- Kt lun, anh gia mc
hoan thanh tai

2
Nhn xt chung:
Ch : iu kin sinh vin c php bo v n: phi thng qua y
v c y ch k ca GVHD xc nhn.
Vinh, ngy thng nm 2013
Gio vin hng dn
Th.S L Th Qunh Nga
3
LI NI U
Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cc h thng thng tin khc
nh thng tin di ng, cp quang, thng tin v tinh, th thng tin vi ba vn
tip tc ng vai tr quan trng v c pht trin ngy cng hon thin vi
nhng cng ngh cao p ng c nhng i hi khng nhng v mt kt cu
m c v mt truyn dn, x l tn hiu, bo mt thng tin V vy, chng em
chn ti Thit k tuyn vi ba s lm ti n vin thng. Ni dung
n gm c 4 chng nh sau:
Chng 1. Trnh by tng quan v h thng vi ba s v cc nhn t nh hng
n tuyn thng tin vi ba
Chng 2. Thit k tuyn vi ba s t Thnh ph Vinh n Th Trn Nam n
Chng 3. Thit k chng trnh h tr cho vic tnh ton trong thit k tuyn
vi ba s
Mc d chng em rt c gng nhng do thi gian lm n c hn nn
cun n ny khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st nht nh, chng em rt
mong nhn c s ch bo v ng gp kin ca cc thy c gio trong
khoa in t - Vin thng v cc bn.
Qua y, chng em xin gi li cm n su sc n c gio L Th Qunh Nga
tn tnh gip v hng dn ti hon thnh n ny.
Vinh, ngy thng nm 2013
Sinh vin thc hin
L Th Thy Linh
Trn Phi Hng
4
Chng 1: C S L THUYT
1.1. TNG QUAN V H THNG VIBA S
1.1.1. Khi nim h thng viba s
Vi ba c ngha l sng in t c bc sng cc ngn. H thng vi ba s
s dng sng v tuyn v bin i cc c tnh ca sng mang v tuyn bng
nhng bin i gin on v truyn trong khng trung. Sng mang v tuyn
c truyn i c tnh nh hng rt cao nh cc anten nh hng.
H thng Vi ba s l h thng thng tin v tuyn s c s dng trong cc
ng truyn dn s gia cc phn t khc nhau ca mng v tuyn. H thng
Vi ba s c th c s dng lm:
Cc ng trung k s ni gia cc tng i s.
Cc ng truyn dn ni tng i chnh n cc tng i v tinh.
Cc ng truyn dn ni cc thu bao vi cc tng i chnh hoc cc
tng i v tinh.
Cc b tp trung thu bao v tuyn.
Cc ng truyn dn trong cc h thng thng tin di ng kt ni cc
my di ng vi mng vin thng.
Cc h thng truyn dn Vi ba s l cc phn t quan trng ca mng vin
thng, tm quan trng ny ngy cng c khng nh khi cc cng ngh
thng tin v tuyn mi nh thng tin di ng c a vo s dng rng ri
trong mng vin thng.
1.1.2. M hnh h thng viba s
Mt h thng vi ba s bao gm mt lot cc khi x l tn hiu. Chc nng
ca cc khi nh sau:
Khi ADC: bin i tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s;
B ghp s: tp hp cc tn hiu s t cc ngun khc nhau thnh tn hiu
bng tn gc;
5
My pht: x l tn hiu bng tn gc a ti anten pht bc x
c ra khng gian;
My thu: thu tn hiu bng gc t knh thng tin trn ng truyn v
tuyn;
Khi DAC: bin i tn hiu s thnh tn hiu tng t;
B tch s: x l tn hiu bng gc v tch chng thnh cc ngun s
tng ng.
Hnh 1. M hnh h thng viba s.
1.1.3. Phn loi h thng viba s
Ph thuc vo tc bt ca tn hiu PCM cn truyn, cc thit b v
tuyn phi c thit k, cu to ph hp c kh nng truyn dn cc
tnhiu . C th phn loi nh sau:
Vi ba s bng hp (tc thp): c dng truyn cc tn hiu c tc
2Mbit/s, 4 Mbit/s v 8 Mbit/s, tng ng vi dung lng knh thoi l 30
knh, 60 knh v 120 knh. Tn s sng v tuyn (0,4 - 1,5)GHz.
6
Codec
Ngun
s
Thoi
tng t
ADC B ghp
s
My
pht
Codec
Ngun
s
Thoi
tng t
DAC B tch
s
My thu
ng
truyn
FDM
FDM
Vi ba s bng trung bnh (tc trung bnh): c dng truyn cc tn
hiu c tc t (8-34) Mbit/s, tng ng vi dung lng knh thoi l 120
n 480 knh. Tn s sng v tuyn (2 - 6)GHz.
Vi ba s bng rng (tc cao): c dng truyn cc tn hiu c tc
t (34-140) Mbit/s, tng ng vi dung lng knh thoi l 480 n 1920
knh. Tn s sng v tuyn 4, 6, 8, 12GHz.
1.1.4. Nhng u im v nhc im ca h thng viba s
u im
- Nh cc phng thc m ho v ghp knh theo thi gian dng cc vi
mch tch hp c ln nn thng tin xut pht t cc ngun khc nhau nh in
thoi, my tnh, facsimile, telex,video... c tng hp thnh lung bit s liu
tc cao truyn trn cng mt sng mang v tuyn.
- Nh s dng cc b lp ti sinh lung s liu nn trnh c nhiu tch
lu trong h thng s. Vic ti sinh ny c th c tin hnh tc bit cao
nht ca bng tn gc m khng cn a xung tc bit ban u.
- Nh c tnh chng nhiu tt, cc h thng vi ba s c th hot ng tt
vi t s sng mang / nhiu (C/N)>15dB. Trong khi h thng vi ba tng t
yu cu (C/N) ln hn nhiu (>30dB, theo khuyn ngh ca CCIR). iu ny
cho php s dng li tn s bng phng php phn cc trc giao, tng ph
hiu dng v dung lng knh.
- Cng mt dung lng truyn dn, cng sut pht cn thit nh hn so vi
h thng tng t lm gim chi ph thit b, tng tin cy, tit kim ngun.
Ngoi ra, cng sut pht nh t gy nhiu cho cc h thng khc.
Nhc im
- Khi p dng h thng truyn dn s, ph tn tn hiu thoi rng hn so
vi h thng tng t.
- Khi cc thng s ng truyn dn nh tr s BER, S/N thay i khng
t gi tr cho php th thng tin s gin on, khc vi h thng tng t
thng tin vn tn ti tuy cht lng km
H thng ny d b nh hng ca mo phi tuyn do cc c tnh bo ho, do cc
linh kin bn dn gy nn, c tnh ny khng xy ra cho h thng tng t FM
7
- Cc vn trn c khc phc nh p dng cc tin b k thut mi
nh iu ch s nhiu mc, dng thit b d phng (1+n) v s dng cc mch bo
v.
1.1.5. Cc mng viba s hin nay
* Mng viba s im - im
Hnh 2. H thng viba im - im.
Mng vi ba s im ni im hin nay c s dng ph bin. Trong cc
mng ng di thng dng cp si quang cn cc mng quy m nh hn
nh t tnh n cc huyn hoc cc ngnh kinh t khc ngi ta thng s
dng cu hnh vi ba s im - im dung lng trung bnh hoc cao nhm tho
mn nhu cu ca cc thng tin v c bit l dch v truyn s liu. Ngoi
ra, trong mt s trng hp vi ba dung lng thp l gii php hp dn cung
cp trung k cho cc mng ni ht, mng thng tin di ng.
* H thng viba im - a im
8
Hnh 3. H thng viba im a im.
Mng vi ba s ny tr thnh ph bin trong mt s vng ngoi v nng
thn. Mng bao gm mt trm trung tm pht thng tin trn mt anten ng
hng phc v cho mt s trm ngoi vi bao quanh. Nu cc trm ngoi vi ny
c t trong phm vi truyn dn cho php th khng cn s dng trm lp,
nu khong cch xa hn th s s dng cc trm lp a tn hiu n cc
trm ngoi vi. T y thng tin s c truyn n cc thu bao.Thit b viba
trm ngoi vi c th t ngoi tri , trn nh ct,...hoc t trong hp c bit.
Mi trm ngoi vi c th lp t thit b cho nhiu trung k. Thit b c thit
k hot ng trong cc bng tn 1,5 GHz, 1,8 GHz v 2,4 GHz s dng mt
sng mang cho h thng hon chnh c trung k PCM 64kbit/s cho in thoi
hoc 2,4 kbit/s cho s liu tc thp. K thut a truy nhp phn chia theo
thi gian c s dng lm phng tin lin lc. Trm trung tm pht n tt
c cc trm ngoi vi theo phng thc ghp/tch theo thi gian (TDM) lin
tc. Mi trm ngoi vi c ni n h thng v pht n trm trung tm mt
hoc nhiu xung RF c ng b nh trm trung tm. Trm trung tm ln
lt kim tra cc ng dy thu bao xc nh mt thu bao no c yu
cu mt trung k hay khng v nu c s dnh mt trung k cho ng dy
thu bao c nhu cu.
1.1.6. Thit b viba s
- Thit b Viba MINI-LINK ca hng ERICSSON(www.logobook.vn)
Thit b MINI-LINK l dng thit b truyn dn viba ni ting th gii ca
ERICSSON , hng sn xut thit b vin thng di dng hng u th gii.
c hn 500,000 b thit b MINI-LINK c bn ra trn ton th gii trong
c dng ph bin nht l trong cc mng thng tin di dng trong c cc
mng di dng ca Vit Nam nh Vinaphone, Mobifone v Viettel.
Thit b MINI-LINK c cc u im ni bt nh thit k gn nh, cng sut
tiu th thp, dung lng ln t E1 cho n STM-1, s dng di tn rng t 7
n 38 GHz
9
Cc c im chnh
- Gn nh, hiu qu u t cao, ph hp vi cc nhu cu m rng mng ln
mng th h tip theo nh mng in thoi di ng 3G;
- Di tn rng : t 7 GHz n 38GHz ;
- Cc phng php iu ch : C-QPSK, 64-QAM, 128-QAM;
- Dung lng : t 2 Mbps n 155 Mbps ;
- Cng sut pht : +10 dBm n +28 dBm ;
- Ngng thu : -95 dBm n -83 dBm( i vi iu ch C-QPSK) v t 87
dBm n -80 dBm( i vi iu ch 16 QAM)
- Anten : 0,2 / 0,3 / 0,6 / 1,2 / 1,8 / 2,4 /3,0 / 3,7 (m)
- Ngun cung cp : 26 n 60V
DC

- Di nhit : -50
o
C n 60
o
C
- H tr cc cu hnh : im- im, im- a im, vng ring, hnh cy, hnh
sao. H tr chc nng nh tuyn.
- Cu hnh v qun l ti ch hoc t xa bng phn mm trn my PC.
Hnh 4.Thit b viba MINI-LINK ca hng ERICSSON
1.2. CC NHN T NH HNG N TUYN THNG TIN VI BA
1.2.1. Cc nhn t nh hng n s truyn lan sng v tuyn
10
1.2.1.1. Pha inh
Pha inh l s bin i cng tn hiu sng mang v tuyn siu cao tn
thu c do s thay i kh quyn v cc phn x ca t v nc trong ng
truyn sng. Nguyn nhn pha inh c th do thi tit v a hnh lm thay i
iu kin truyn sng. Khi xy ra pha inh trong truyn dn vi ba s, ti im
thu cng sng thu c lc mnh lc yu thm ch c lc mt thng tin.
Ngi ta chia hin tng pha inh thnh pha inh phng v pha inh la
chn tn s. Hai loi pha inh ny c th xut hin c lp hoc ng thi dn
n gin on thng tin. S thay i tn hiu ti anten thu do phn x nhiu tia
gi l pha inh nhiu tia.
Pha inh phng
Pha inh phng l pha inh lm thay i u tn hiu sng mang trn mt di
tn s, pha inh ny lm nh hng ln n tuyn viba s c dung lng nh,
bng tn hp.
Pha inh phng xut hin thng xuyn l do chm tia sng truyn i b
cong. Chm tia sng cc ngn c th b chuyn hng do s thay i ch s
khc x ca khng kh (hng s in mi). H s k=4/3 c dng tnh ton
truyn sng iu kin p sut tiu chun. Ti tia sng c cong bng
mt phn t ca cong mt t thc.

,
_

R
Rhd
K
(1.1)
Trong :
R
hd
: bn knh hiu dng ca qu t
R

: bn knh thc ca qu t
Khi hai anten pht v thu c t trong iu kin tiu chun, ton b cng
tn hiu s nhn c bi my thu. Khi mt khng kh thay i th ch s
khc x cng thay i khc vi iu kin chun lm cho chm tia sng c th
cong ln hay cong xung ph thuc ch s k. Khi k < 4/3 thng gi l khc
x thp hay iu kin di chun tia sng c hng cong ln. Khi k > 4/3
thng gi l khc x cao hay iu kin trn chun tia sng c hng cong
xung. Ni chung th hu nh loi tia sng xut hin cong ln pha trn anten
thu.
11
Hnh 1.1. Hin tng tia sng cong
Pha inh la chn tn s
Pha inh la chn tn s lm thay i tn hiu sng mang vi mc thay i
ph thuc vo tn s, pha inh ny nh hng ln n tuyn vi ba s dung
lng cao, bng tn rng.
- Pha inh nhiu ng kh quyn
Khi cc iu kin kh quyn l cc lp vi s tn ti cc mt khc nhau,
s dn c th xut hin. Nu s tp hp cc lp lm cho cc chm tia sng cc
ngn khng b by m ch b lm lch hng th nng lng sng ngn c th
i ti anten thu bng nhiu ng khc nhau so vi ng trc tip. S thu
nhn nhiu ng gy ra pha inh do hai sng thu him khi c cng pha.
Nu chng n hon ton tri pha th c t giy mt cng sut thu c th ln
n 30 dB hoc hn, l iu tr ngi.
ng 1 trc tip; ng 2,3 lch; ng 4 phn x
Hnh 1.2. Cc ng sng t pha pht n pha thu.
- Pha inh nhiu tia phn x t t
12
S phn x t t to thnh s thu nhiu ng tia sng, n s l tr ngi khi
cc tia sng thu c ngc pha.
Khi phn x t v pha inh kh quyn xut hin ng thi c th xy ra pha
inh su ti 40 dB. Nu cc tc ng sa li khng c tin hnh th thng tin
c th ngng tr.
1.2.1.2 Suy hao khi truyn lan trong khng gian t do
Khong khng m trong cc sng truyn lan b suy hao c gi l
khng gian t do. Mc suy hao ca sng v tuyn c pht i t anten pht
n anten thu trong khng gian t do t l thun vi khong cch gia hai
anten v t l nghch vi di bc sng. Suy hao ny gi l suy hao truyn
lan trong khng gian t do, c tnh nh sau:
)
4
lg( 20

d
L
o

[dB] (1.2)
d[m], l [m]: ln lt l khong cch truyn dn v bc sng ca sng v
tuyn.
1.2.1.3 Suy hao do ma
nh hng do ma l mt trong nhng nh hng lan truyn ch yu i
vi cc tuyn v tuyn tm nhn thng trn mt t lm vic trong di tn GHz.
N nh hng ch yu n cc ng truyn ngn v c tn s hot ng cao,
suy hao do ma tng ln khi tn s tng v bin thin khng nhiu theo di
ca truyn.
Suy hao do ma cc tn s di 7 GHz c th b qua, ngay c khi cc
chng tip pht ln hn 50 km. Trn 15 GHz hoc cao hn na, khi c suy hao
do ma m bo th cc khong lp phi gi di 20km.
1.2.1.4 S can nhiu ca sng v tuyn
Thng thng nhiu xy ra khi c thnh phn can nhiu bn ngoi trn ln
vo sng thng tin. Sng can nhiu c th trng hoc khng trng tn s vi
sng thng tin. Chng hn h thng Vi ba s ang s dng b nh hng bi s
can nhiu t cc h thng vi ba s ln cn nm trong cng khu vc, c tn s
sng v tuyn trng hoc gn bng tn s ca h thng ny, ngoi ra n cn b
nh hng bi cc trm mt t ca cc h thng thng tin v tinh ln cn.
13
1.2.1. Mt s k thut gim nh hng ca pha inh
Cc k thut c s dng gim cc nh hng ca pha inh l phn tp
khng gian, phn tp tn s, phn tp ng truyn v chuyn mch bo v.
1.2.2.1.Phn tp khng gian
Phn tp theo khng gian l k thut truyn dn ng thi cng mt tn hiu
trn mt knh v tuyn bng cch s dng hai anten thu hoc pht.
Ngi ta s dng hai anten b tr cch nhau mt khong no pht v
thu cng mt thng tin t ngun tin n ni nhn tin. Khong cch cc anten
ca my pht v my thu c chn sao cho cc tn hiu ring bit c thu
khng tng quan nhau tng ng vi h s tng quan bng 0. Trong thc
t khng bao gi t c gi tr bng 0 ny. Trong h thng thng tin tm
nhn thng ngi ta a ra mt cng thc bn kinh nghim biu th h s tng
quan khng gian v theo khong cch trc ng:

s
= exp [-0,0021sf(0,4d)
1/2
] (1.3)
Vi s: khong cch gia 2 tm ca an ten [m]
f: Tn s sng v tuyn [GHz]
d: khong cch truyn dn [km]
Trong phng trnh ny gi thit rng b qua song phn x t. Theo
khuyn ngh 376-4 ca CCIR, ngi ta chn khong cch gia cc anten sao
cho h s tng quan khng gian khng vt qu 0,6. Do c th s dng h
s ny lm ngng cho vic s dng phn tp.
Trong cc h thng thng tin tm nhn thng trong thi gian fading nhiu tia
cc tn hiu thu c bng 2 anten cch nhau theo trc ng rt t khi b fading
nh nhau . Kh nng ci thin tn hiu thu do s dng mt cp anten nh vy
c xc nh bng li phn tp Ios:
) 40 / (
10
4 9
100
10
4
2
2
d
a
f s
Ios
Fm
r
+

,
_

,
_

(1.4)
Trong : s: khong cch gia 2 tm ca 2 anten [m]
f: tn s sng mang v tuyn [GHz]
a
r
: H s khuch i tng i ca anten phn tp so vi anten chnh
a
r
= 10
[(Ad-Am)/20]
14
A
d
: l h s khuch i anten phn tp [dB]
A
m
: l h s khuch i anten chnh [dB]
d: di ca tuyn truyn dn [Km]
F
m
: d tr pha dinh phng
Bng s m phng nhiu ln tm c v tr tt nht cho hai anten, khi
khng th tnh c v tr, th khong cch hai anten phi ln hn 150. Thng
thng cng thc trn tnh gn ng cho mt tuyn c chiu di (20 70)Km
v tn s (211) GHz.
Thi gian gin on thng tin do fading phng c phn tp khng gian = thi
gian gin on thng tin khng phn tp Ios.
Phn tp khng gian lm gim thi gian gin on thng tin. Trong cc h
thng v tuyn th cc loi mo do fading la chn gy ra c lm gim nh do
hnh thc phn tp ny.
Hnh 1.3. Phn tp khng gian.
1.2.2.2.Phn tp theo tn s
Phn tp theo tn s l k thut truyn ng thi cng mt tn hiu trn 2
hoc hn 2 knh tn s v tuyn c b tr trong cng mt di tn.
Mc d cc h thng v tuyn phn tp tn s c th cho cc h s ci thin
tt v tt hn so vi h s tin on bi v tuyn tng t nhng vic s dng
thng b hn ch v hiu sut s dng ph tn khng c hiu qu cao.H s
ci thin phn tp tn s c th tnh:

10
10
1
8 , 0
Fm
of
f
f
fd
I

,
_

,
_

(1.5)
Trong : f: l tn s trung tm ca bng tn [GHz]
15
d: di ca ng truyn [km]
f/f: l khong cch tn s tng i biu th bng %
Fm: l d tr pha inh [dB]
Phng trnh trn ng vi cc gi tr tham s sau:
2GHz< f <11GHz; 30km< d <70km; f/f 5%; Iof 5
Ngoi ra tng hiu qu chng pha inh ngi ta s dng kt hp phn tp
khng gian v tn s.
Hnh 1.4. Phn tp khng gian v tn s s dng 3 anten
1.2.2.3.Chuyn mch bo v
Mc ch ca chuyn mch bo v l nng cao kh dng ca h thng
bng cch chuyn sang knh d phng khi c hin tng s c thit b chnh.
Ngoi ra, cng c th t c li ch khc khi thit b bo v chng li s gin
on thng tin do pha dinh la chn tn s gy ra bng cch chuyn sang h
thng d phng (ngha l knh d phng c s dng khi knh chnh b s c
hoc b gin on thng tin do pha inh).
Cht lng v kh nng sn sng ca h thng vi ba s c th nng cao nh
s dng mt hay 2 knh d phng thay th c cc knh b s c nh thit b
chuyn mch t ng. Thng thng khi s knh truyn dn nh hn hoc
bng 7 (n 7) th dng mt knh d phng, tng ng vi cu hnh (n+1).
Trong thc t dng cu hnh (1+1) gm mt knh truyn dn v mt knh d
phng nng HSB (Hot Standby), c th hot ng cao tn RF hoc trung tn
IF.
16
Hnh 1.5. Chuyn mch bo v bng knh d phng.
Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn kt hp gia phn tp khng gian v chuyn mch
bo v bng cch s dng mt anten ring cho my thu pht v d phng nng,
kt hp phn tp tn s v chuyn mch bo v tc l knh d phng pht tn
hiu trn mt tn s sng v tuyn.
1.2.2.Cc ch tiu k thut ca viba s
Phn b tn s lung cao tn
Tn s lung cao tn y l tn s thu pht ca thit b v tuyn, vic la
chn phng n phn b tn s ph thuc vo:
- Phng thc iu ch s.
- Cch sp xp cc lung cao tn.
- c tnh ca mi trng truyn sng.
Theo khuyn ngh ca ca CCITT v vi ba s th di tn lm vic nn chn t
2GHz n 23GHz. Nu sng mang gia cc lung cao tn khng c phn
chia ng th c s can nhiu gia chng v tp m s tng ln. Cc lung ln
cn nn cch nhau 29 n 40 MHz v phn cc trc giao.
Cng sut pht
Cng sut pht cng ging nh vi ba tng t, ph thuc vo c ly v
nhy my thu m bo t s li bit cho php.
n v cng sut pht tnh bng dBm. P
0
= 1mw

mW 1
P
log 10
P
P
log 10 P
TX
10
0
TX
10 dBm TX

[dBm] (1.6)
nhy my thu hay ngng thu
17
L mc tn hiu cao tn ti thiu n u vo my thu n hot ng
bnh thng, ngha l tho mn t s li bit (BER) cho trc tng ng vi tc
bt nht nh.
T s bit li BER
BER l t s li bit.n c xc nh bng hiu s gia s bit li l tng s
bit c truyn i.
thng tin t c tin cy cao, m bo cho thit b hot ng khng
nhm li th t s ny cng nh cng tt, bnh thng cng phi t
3
10

, vi
cht lng tt hn phi t
6
10

. Vi yu cu BER cho trc my thu phi c

mt ngng thu tng ng.
Phng thc iu ch v gii iu ch
Thng thng trong vi ba s, ty theo tc bit (dung lng knh) ngi ta
thng dng cc phng thc iu ch nh QPSK (hoc 4PSK hay QAM)
hoc QAM nhiu mc, chng hn (16QAM, 64QAM)...
Phng thc gii iu ch c chn tng ng vi phng thc iu ch
thc hin ti my pht. Thng thng, trong vic gii iu ch c 2 phng
php l tch sng kt hp (Coherent), hoc tch sng khng kt hp. Tch
sng kt hp i hi my thu s khi phc li sng mang ng pha vi i
pht nn cu hnh phc tp nhng cht lng tn hiu cao hn so vi tch sng
khng kt hp.
Tr khng vo my thu v tr khng ra my pht
Vn phi hp tr khng i vi mch cao tn rt quan trng, cc b phn
kt ni vo my pht v my thu phi phi hp c tr khng. Nu vic phi
hp tr khng tt s lm nh hng n cht lng tn
hiu, cng sut pht hoc thu khng t cc i, ngoi ra cn gy ra sng phn
x, gy mt cn bng lm gim nhy my thu. Thng thng tr khng ra
ca my pht v tr khng vo my thu c chun ho l 50 do tr
khng vo ra ca cc b lc, ng dn sng, phi phi l 50.
Tc bng tn gc
Tc bng gc l tc dy s liu vo ra my thu pht v tuyn
Knh nghip v
18
C cc ch tiu v iu ch, mc vo ra, t s S/N, tn s bo gi (knh nghip
v thng c iu ch FM hoc FSK).
Knh gim st v iu khin t xa
Cng c cc ch tiu nh knh nghip v (c th c iu ch theo phng thc
ASK,FSK). Ngi ta s dng knh ny khai thc qun l, gim st thit b.
Thit b an ten
Yu cu chnh ca thit b an ten cho mt h thng v tuyn l c suy hao
truyn dn nh v kinh t (hiu sut bc x an ten cao), h s khuch i ln.
Chng 2: THIT K TUYN VI BA
Thng qua c s l thuyt ca chng mt, em tin hnh thit k mt
tuyn vi ba s c th l thit k tuyn vi ba s t Thnh Ph Vinh n Th
Trn Nam n vi cc thng s kho st.
2.1. C s l thuyt thit k tuyn
+ Tnh ton ng truyn dn.
+ Tnh ton ch tiu cht lng.
+ Tnh ton thi gian mt thng tin.
+ Lp t thit b, anten, a h thng vo hot ng th nghim kim tra.
2.1.1. Kho st v tr t trm
xc nh v tr t trm th cn phi tin hnh cc cng vic sau:
- Xc nh tuyn trn bn (cn tm bn a hnh ca khu vc xy trm)
- To nn cc bn v mt ct nghing ca tuyn.
T cc yu cu thc t ca mt tuyn vi ba gm: v tr trm, khong cch trm,
dung lng truyn dn, a hnh tuyn s i qua... ta tin hnh nh du hai u
cui ca trm trn bn ca S o c xc nh chnh xc kinh , v
ca mi trm. Cc thng s to ny c s dng iu chnh cc anten
mi trm trong giai on lp t thit b. K hiu trn bn gi s trm A l
trm th nht v trm B l trm th hai. Sau v mt mt ct nghing ca
ng truyn. Hnh dung mt ct ny nh mt con dao ct ri qu t dc theo
hng ca tia v tuyn. Hnh 3.1 th hin mt ct ng truyn gia hai trm A
v B.
19
Mc d mt t c cong nhng n gin trong tnh ton ngi ta thng
v mt ct nghing ng vi h s bn knh hiu dng ca tri t l k = 4/3.
Phng trnh sau cho ta xc nh ch li ca mt t:
E =
1000
2
.
2 1
k r
d d
(2.1)
E = (4/51)d
1
d
2
/k [m] (2.2)
Trong : r

l bn knh qu t 6370 [km]
d
1
l khong cch t trm A n im kho st [km]
d
2
l khong cch t trm B n im kho st [km]
k l h s bn knh ca qu t
E l li thc ca mt t ti im ang xt.
Hnh 2.1. Mt ct ng truyn gia hai trm A v B
Nh vy trn mt ct nghing ny th hin c b mt ca a hnh. Ngoi ra
n cng c th biu din c c cao ca cy ci cc vt chn trn ng
truyn ni hai trm A, B chng hn nh cc g, i, cc nh cao tng... i vi
khong truyn dn di, cong ca mt t ln th cn phi tnh ton n
nng ca v tr trm. nng c v dc cc ng thng ng nn khng i
dc theo ng bn knh xut pht t tm qu t.
2.1.2. Nghin cu dung lng yu cu
Trc khi thit k bt k mt tuyn thng tin no ta phi nghin cu dung
lng truyn trn tuyn. Ta phi nghin cu dung lng mt cch ph hp
20
trnh lng ph va khng c tnh kinh t. Vic nghin cu dung lng ny da
trn mt s im nh l:
+ c im pht trin dn s cc khu vc t trm
+ c im ca vng l thnh ph, nng thn, vng nng nghip,...
+ T l pht trin ca cc hot ng kinh t
+ Tc ci thin iu kin sng trong tng lai
Da vo mt s im nh trn d on dung lng hin ti cn truyn trn
tuyn v dung lng s pht trin trong vng 10 n 15 nm ti.
2.1.3. Chn tn s lm vic
Cng vic ny lin quan n vic chn thit b cho tuyn v lin quan n tn
s sng v tuyn ca cc h thng ln cn. Vic chn la tn s phi trnh can
nhiu vi cc tn s khc tn ti xung quanh khu vc, xem xt c th b tr
vic phn cc anten nh th no cho hp l. Khi s dng cc thit b th gi tr
cc tiu chun c chn theo khuyn ngh ca CCIR.
2.1.4. Tnh chn chiu cao ca thp anten
tnh cao ca thp anten th trc tin phi xc nh c cao ca
tia v tuyn truyn gia hai trm. Trn c s ca cao tia c tnh
cao ti thiu ca thp anten thu c tn hiu.
Vic tnh ton cao ca tia v tuyn.
har
1
= ha
1
+ Ph
1
[m] (2.3)
har
2
= ha
2
+ Ph
2
[m] (2.4)
2.1.5. Xc nh bn knh min Fresnel th nht

df
d d
32 , 17
d
d d
F
2 1 2 1
1
[m] (2.5)
Trong :
d
1
, d
2
[km] ln lt l khong cch t trm A v trm B n im bn
knh min Fresnel c tnh ton.
d [km] l khong cch gia hai trm, d = d
1
+ d
2
f l tn s sng mang [GHz].
Trong thc t, thng gp ng truyn i qua nhng a hnh khc nhau c
th chn min Fresnel th nht gy nn tn hao trn ng truyn.
21
Theo cc ch tiu thit k v khong h ng truyn c khuyn ngh th
cao ti thiu ca tuyn cng phi dng n s mt ct nghing ng
truyn ni hai trm trong c xt n cao ca vt chn (O), cao ca
cy ci (T) gia tuyn v bn knh ca min Fresnel th nht (F
1
). Biu thc
xc nh cao ca tia v tuyn nh sau:
B = E(k) + (O + T) + C.F
1
=
( )
df
d d
C T O
k
d d
2 1
2 1
32 , 17
51
4
+ + +

'

[m] (2.6)
Trong : d, d
1
, d
2
, f c dng nh trong cng thc (2.5)
Sau khi c c cao tuyn, ta tnh cao ca anten lm h mt vt
chn nm gia tuyn (tc khng gy nhiu n ng truyn v tuyn).
bc kho st nh v trm, ta xc nh c cao ca hai v tr t
trm so vi mt nc bin tng ng l h
1
v h
2
. Hai thng s ny kt hp vi
cao B ca tia nh tnh ton trn s tnh c cao ca ct an ten cn
li khi bit trc cao ca mt ct anten.
ha
1
= h
2
+ ha
2
+ [B - (h
2
+ ha
2
)](d/d
2
) - h
1
[m] (2.7)
ha
2
= h
1
+ ha
1
+ [B - (h
1
+ ha
1
)](d/d
1
) - h
2
[m] (2.8)
Trong : ha
1
, ha
2
[m] l cao ca mt trong hai anten cn c tnh
d1, d2 [km] l khong cch t mi trm n v tr ang xt
Nh vy, khi bit c cao ca mt an ten th c th tnh c cao ca
an ten kia sao cho khng lm gin on tia truyn ca hai trm.
Tuy nhin, m bo cho h thng hot ng khng chu nh hng ca cc
yu t trong tng lai th cao an ten phi s dng mt khong d phng,
ph thuc vo ngi thit k. Khi cc cao ca cc an ten thc t phi l
har
1
, har
2
do c cng vi mt lng cao d phng l Ph
1
hoc Ph
2
nh
sau: anten m bo sao cho tn hiu khng b nhiu x bi vt chn nm trong
min Fresnel th nht l F = 0,577F
1
. Ngha l ng trc tip gia my thu v
my pht cn mt khong h trn mt t hoc trn mt vt chn bt k t nht
l vo khong 60% bn knh min Fresnel th nht t c cc iu kin
truyn lan trong khng gian t do.
2.1.6. Tnh ton cc tham s ca tuyn
22
Cc tham s c s dng trong tnh ton ng truyn nh: Mc suy hao
trong khng gian t do, cng sut pht, ngng thu, cc suy hao trong thit
b... c vai tr quan trng xem xt tuyn c th hot ng c hay khng
v hot ng mc tn hiu no.
Tn hao trong khng gian t do
Tn hao trong khng gian t do (A
0
) l tn hao ln nht cn phi c xem xt
trc tin. y l s tn hao do sng v tuyn lan truyn t trm ny n trm
kia trong mi trng khng gian c tnh theo biu thc sau:
A
0
= 20lg

d 4
= 20lg
c
df 4
(2.9)
A
0
= 92,5 + 20lg (f) + 20 lg (d) [dB] (2.10)
Trong :
f
c

f l tn s sng mang tnh bng [GHz]
d l di tuyn [km]
Tn hao phi
y l tn hao thit b (ng dn sng) truyn dn sng gia an ten v my
pht/ my thu. Khi tnh ton suy hao ny th phi cn c vo mc suy hao
chun c cho trc bi nh cung cp thit b. Chng hn vi phi s dng
loi WC 109 c mc tiu hao chun l 4,5dB/100m v cng vi 0,3dB suy hao
ca vng trn chuyn tip ng dn sng th tn hao phi my pht (L
Tphd
)
v my thu (L
Rphd
) c tnh nh sau:
L
Tphd
= 1,5har
1
.0,045 + 0,3 [dB] (2.11)
L
Rphd
= 1,5har
2
.0,045 + 0,3 [dB] (2.12)
Trong : har
1
v har
2
l cao ca cc anten c tnh ton lng d
phng.
Tn hao r nhnh
Tn hao r nhnh xy ra ti b phn nhnh thu pht, tn hao ny cng c
cho bi nh cung cp thit b. Mc tn hao ny thng khong (2 8) dB.
Tn hao hp th kh quyn
Lsp = Lsp
0
.d [dB] (2.13)
23
Vi d l khong cch ca tuyn tnh bng km.
Phng trnh cn bng cng sut trong tnh ton ng truyn:
Pr = Pt + G - At [dB] (2.14)
Trong : Pt l cng sut pht
At: Tn hao tng
At = tn hao trong khng gian t do + tn hao phi + tn hao
r nhnh + tn hao hp th kh quyn
G: Tng cc li
G = li ca an ten A + li ca an ten B
Pr: Cng sut ti u vo my thu
Pr l tham s quan trng khi thit k ng truyn vi ba, tham s ny l mt
ch tiu quyt nh xem tuyn c hot ng c hay khng khi em so snh
n vi mc ngng thu ca my thu.
2.1.7. Tnh ton cc tham s cht lng ca tuyn
V cht lng ng truyn c nh gi da trn t s BER; cc t s BER
khc nhau s cho mt mc tng ng v cng c d tr pha inh khc
nhau. Cc t s BER thng c s dng trong vi ba s l: BER = 10
-3
v
BER = 10
-6
tng ng vi hai mc ngng RX
a
v RX
b
.
d tr pha inh ng vi RX
a
v RX
b
l FM
a
v FM
b
c tnh theo biu
thc:
FM
a
= Pr - RX
a
vi BER = 10
-3
(2.15)
FM
b
= Pr - RX
b
vi BER = 10
-6
(2.16)
Xc xut pha dinh phng nhiu tia (P
0
) l mt h s th hin kh nng xut hin
pha dinh nhiu tia c nh gia theo cng thc sau:
P
0
= KQ. f
B
. d
c
(2.17)
Trong KQ = 1, 4.10
-8
; B = 1; C = 3,5 l cc tham s lin quan n iu kin
truyn lan v kh hu v a hnh ca sng v tuyn v cc gi tr c s dng
theo khuyn ngh ca CCIR.
Xc sut t n ngng thu RX
a
,v RX
b
Gi P
a
, P
b
l xc sut t ti cc gi tr ngng thu tng ng RX
a
v RX
b
c tnh nh sau:
24
a
P
= 10
FM
a
10

b
P
10
FM
b
10

(2.18)
Vi FM
a
v FM
b
l d tr pha dinh ng vi cc t s BER = 10
-3
, BER =
10
-6
c tnh ton trn.
Khong thi gian pha dinh
T
a
v T
b
l cc gi tr c trng cho cc khong thi gian tn ti pha inh v
cng ng vi FM
a
, FM
b
c tnh theo cng thc:
2
2
10
2
10

f C T
a
FM
a
1
]
1

(2.19)

2
2
10
.
2
10

f C T
b
FM
b
1
]
1

(2.20)
Vi C
2
= 10,3.d;
2
= 0,5;
2
= -0,5 ly theo khuyn ngh.
Xc sut pha dinh phng di hn 10s v 60s
P(10) v P(60) l xc sut xut hin pha dinh phng di hn 10s v 60s tng
ng vi cc t s BER khc nhau v c cc nh theo cng thc:
P(T
a
10) = P(10) = 0, 5 [1 - erf(Za)] = 0, 5 erfc (Z
a
) (2.21)
P(T
b
60) = P(60) = 0, 5 [1 - erf(Zb)] = 0, 5 erfc (Z
b
) (2.22)
Trong : Z
a
= 0,548ln(10/T
a
)
Z
b
= 0,548ln(10/T
b
)
erfc(t) = 1- erf(t)
erf(t) =
dt e
t
t

0
2 2

l hm sai s
Xc sut BER vt 10
-3
Xc sut BER vt 10
-3
th hin s gin on thng tin nhng trong thi gian
khng qu 10s.
Xc sut (BER 10
-3
) = P
0
. P
a
=
10
FM
0
a
10 . P

(2.23)
25
Xc sut mch tr nn khng th s dng c do pha dinh phng trong
khong thi gian ln hn 10s
P
u(10)
l xc sut mch s c BER > 10
-3
trong khong thi gian ln hn 10s tc
l mch tr nn khng s dng c v c tnh theo cng thc:
P
u(10)
= P
0.
P
a.
P(10) (2.24)
Kh nng s dng tuyn
A
v
= 100(1 - P
u(10)
) (2.25)
Xc sut BER vt 10
-6
Xc sut BER vt 10
-6
th hin s gin on thng tin nhng trong thi gian
khng qu 60s.
Xc sut (BER 10
-6
) = P
0
. P
b
=
10
FM
0
a
10 . P


(2.26)
Xc sut mch tr nn khng th s dng c do pha dinh phng trong
khong thi gian ln hn 60s
P
u(60)
l xc sut mch s c BER > 10
-6
trong khong thi gian ln hn 60s tc
l mch tr nn khng s dng c v c tnh theo
P
u(60)
= P
0.
P
b.
P(60) (2.27)
Kh nng s dng tuyn
A
v
= 100(1 - P
u(60)
) (2.28)
Nh vy ton b cc tham s tnh cho ng truyn cng nh cc tham
s nh gi cht lng tuyn c s dng ngi thit k a ra cc
quyt nh v kh nng lm vic ca tuyn, tnh xem tuyn c cng sut
cung cp cho my thu hay khng. Ngoi ra cng da vo cc tham s ny
c th hiu chnh li cng sut my pht, quyt nh dng cc bin php phn
tp...
2.1.8. Cc ch tiu k thut nh gi cht lng tuyn
Ba ch tiu ch yu nh gi cht lng tuyn l:
khng s dng ng cho php (i vi ng trc):
P
ucf
= 0,06L/600 % vi L<600km
Vi L [km]
26
v d: L=30km
P
ucf
= 0,06L/600 % = 0,06.30/600 % = 0,003%
khng s dng c ca mng ni ht (gi tr cho php) l 0,0325% (ti
mi u cui).
khng s dng c (gi tr cho php) ca hnh trnh ngc l 0,0225%.
Mc ch cc tnh ton ch tiu cht lng l nhm xc nh xc sut vt cc
ch tiu BER, bng cch s dng cc gi tr ca cc xc sut tm ra trong cc
tnh ton ng truyn.
Cc mc tiu t l li bit BER c s dng sao cho BER khng c ln hn
cc gi tr sau:
- 1.10
-6
trong hn 0,4.d/2500 % ca thng bt k i vi thi gian hp thnh 1
pht, vi 280km < d < 2500km.
- 1.10
-6
trong hn 0,045 % ca thng bt k i vi thi gian hp thnh 1 pht,
vi d < 280km.
- 1.10
-3
trong hn 0,054.d / 2500 % ca thng bt k i vi thi gian hp thnh
1 giy, vi 280km < d < 2500km.
- 1.10
-3
trong hn 0,006 % ca thng bt k i vi thi gian hp thnh 1 giy,
vi d < 280km.
2.1.9. nh gi cht lng tuyn v lp t thit b a vo hot ng
y l mt bc c tin hnh sau khi tnh ton c kh nng lm vic
ca tuyn v tnh xong cc tham s cn thit thit lp tuyn c ngha l trn
tnh ton thit k th tuyn hot ng.
Ni chung vic nh gi cht lng ca tuyn l da vo cc gi tr tnh
c cc bc thit k trn.
Cng vic cui cng l lp t thit b a vo vn hnh. Tin hnh cn
chnh anten thu c tin hiu t my pht. V y cng l lc i chiu
gia vic tnh ton gia thc t v l thuyt ph hp vi nhau hay khng bng
vic o th cc tn hiu hai bn thu v pht.
2.2. Thit k tuyn viba s t TP Vinh n Th Trn Nam n
2.2.1. Kho st v tr hai trm v chn thit b
* Kho st v tr t trm ca TP Vinh n Th Trn Nam n
27
- TP vinh l trung tm vn ha, chnh tr ca Ngh An vi din tch l 104,96
km
2
, dn s 350.000 ngi(nm 2013), mt dn s t 4145 ngi/km
2
. Do
vy, nhu cu s dng cc dch v vin thng l rt ln.
- Th Trn Nam n l mt th trn thuc huyn Nam n, tnh Ngh An vi
din tch l 1,97 km
2
, dn s 6199 ngi(nm 1999), mt dn s t 3147
ngi/km
2
.y cng l mt trong nhng trung tm kinh t chnh tr ca huyn
Nam n . c bit, y c tim nng pht trin v du lch. Do vy, nhu cu v
cc dch v vin thng i hi ngy cng cao.
V tr ca hai trm c xc nh trn bn .
Hnh 2.2. V tr hai trm trn bn (maps.google.com)
-Xc nh trm A:
t ti Khch Sn Phng ng c ta 18
o
4005,29 v
Bc,105
o
4124,15 kinh ng, c cao 9m so vi mc nc bin.Khch
sn Phng ng vi 13 tng c cao khong 52m.
28
Hnh 2.3. V tr trm A trn bn (theo google earth)
-Xc nh trm B:
t ti Trng THPT Nam n 1 c ta 18
o
4153,22 v Bc
105
o
2959,19 kinh ng, c cao 16,5m so vi mc nc bin,cao 3
tng vi cao khong 12m.
Hnh 2.4.V tr Trm B trn bn (theo google earth)
29
Tuyn truyn dn t TP Vinh n Th Trn Nam n c di
20.5km.Tuyn c a hnh khng chnh lch nhiu so vi nhau. Dc theo tuyn
cch trm TP Vinh 9 km c mt ngn ni(ni Mu) cao 25m so vi mc
nc bin.
Hnh 2.5. Khong cch ca hai trm (theo google earth)
30
Hnh 2.6. Khong cch t trm A n vt chn (theo google earth)
V tr ca ngn i trn bn
Hnh 2.7a. V tr ca ngn i trn bn (theo google earth)
31
Hnh 2.7b.V tr ca ngn i trn bn (theo maps.google.com)
Cn c vi nhng c im trn ca qu trnh kho st ngi ta chn thit
b MINI-LINK (ca hng ERICSSON).
c tnh k thut ca thit b:
Tn s 7GHz
Cng sut pht +25dBm
Ngng thu BER 10
-3
-91dBm
Ngng thu BER 10
-6
-87dBm
Anten 2,4m G
dB
= 42,5dB
ng dn sng WC 42 0,1dB/m
32
Dung lng 2*2Mb/s
2.2.2. Tnh ton cc tham s ca tuyn
Sau khi kho st v tr hai trm, em v mt ct a hnh ca tuyn thit k nh
sau
Hnh 2.4 Mt ct a hnh ca tuyn
Sau y l phn tnh ton:
li mt t:
k
d d
k E
2 1
51
4
) (
=
3
4
5 , 11 . 9
51
4
= 6,09(m)
Bn knh min Fresnel th nht:
) ( 71 , 14
7 . 5 , 20
5 , 11 . 9
32 , 17 32 , 17
2 1
1
m
df
d d
F
cao ca tia v tuyn:
B = E(k) + (O + T) + F
1
C = 6,09 +( 25 + 5 ) + 14,71 = 50,8 (m)
Tnh chn chiu cao anten:
Chiu cao ca anten ti trm Thnh ph Vinh l 56m. T y, ta tnh c
chiu cao ca trm Th trn Nam n nh sau:
ha
2
= h
1
+ ha
1
+ [B - (h
1
+ ha
1
)](d/d
1
) - h
2
(m)
ha
2
= 9+ 56 + [ 50,8 (9 + 56)](20,5/9) 16,5
ha
2
= 16,2m
33
cao thc t ca anten l:
har
1
= ha
1
+ Ph
1
har
1
= ha
1
+ Ph
1
Trong : Ph
1
l cao d phng ca anten pht.
Ph
2
l cao d phng ca anten thu.
Chn Ph
1
= 1 (m); Ph
2
= 1 (m)
Vy: har
1
= 56 + 1 = 57 (m)
har
2
= 16,2 + 1,8 = 18 (m)
Tn hao trong khng gian t do:

d f L
s
lg 20 lg 20 5 . 92 + +
=> L
s
= 92,5 + 20lg7 + 20lg20,5 = 135,64 (dB)
Tn hao phi :
- Tn hao phi pha pht:
) ( 3 . 0 1 . 0 5 . 1
1
dB har L
Tphd
+
L
Tphd
= 1,5 57 0,1 + 0.3 = 8,85 (dB)
- Tn hao phi pha thu:

) ( 3 . 0 1 . 0 5 . 1
2
dB har L
Rphd
+
L
Rphd
= 1,5 18 0,1 + 0,3 = 3 (dB)
- Tng tn hao phi : L
phd
= L
Tphd
+ L
Rphd
= 8,85+ 3 = 11,85 (dB)
Tn hao r nhnh: L
rnh
= 4 dB
Tn hao do hp th kh quyn (b qua hp th kh quyn)
L
sp
= 0 (dB)
Tn hao tng cng:
L = L
s
+ L
phd
+ L
rnh
+ L
sp
= 135,63 + 11,85 + 4 + 0 = 151,48 (dB)
Tng li ca anten:
G = G
HT
+ G
L
= 42,5 + 42,5 = 85 (dB)
Cng sut my pht: P
t
= +25 dBm
Cng sut ti u vo my thu:
P
r
= P
t
+ G L
34
= 25 (dBm) + 85 (dB) 151,48 (dB) = -41,48 (dBm)
Mc ngng my thu:
BER 10
-3
: RXa = -91 (dBm)
BER 10
-6
: RXb = -87 (dBm)
So snh mc cng sut vo my thu vi mc ngng my thu ta thy mc
cng sut vo my thu ln hn mc ngng my thu, do tuyn c hot
ng.
d tr pha inh: tng ng vi hai mc ngng thu RXa v RXb l FMa v
FMb
FMa = P
r
RXa = -41,48 (-91) = 49,52 (dB)
FMb = P
r
RXb = -41,48 (-87) = 45,52 (dB)
Xc sut pha inh phng nhiu tia (P
0
):
P
0
= KQ. f
B
.d
C
vi KQ = 1,4.10
-8
; B = 1; C = 3,5
P
0
= 1,4.10
-8
.7
1
.20,5
3,5
= 3.82.10
-3

Xc sut t n ngng thu RX
a
v RX
b
l P
a
v P
b
:

5
10
52 , 49
10
10 . 12 , 1 10 10

FMa
a
P

5
10
52 , 45
10
10 . 81 , 2 10 10

FMb
b
P
Khong thi gian pha inh T
a
v T
b
ng vi FM
a
v FM
b
:
267 , 0 7 . 10 . 5 , 20 . 3 , 10
5 , 0
10
52 , 49 . 5 , 0

a
T
5 , 0
10
52 , 45 . 5 , 0
10
2
7 10 . 5 , 20 . 3 , 10 10 .
2
2

f C T
FMb
b
= 0,423
Xc sut pha inh phng di hn 10 s v 60 s:
P(T
a
10)=P(10)=0,5 [1-erf(Z
a
)] = 0,5 erfc(Z
a
)
P(T
b
10)=P(10)=0,5 [1-erf(Z
b
)] = 0,5 erfc(Z
b
)
Trong :
Cc gi tr Z
a
v Z
b
c tnh ton theo biu thc:
Z
a
= 0,548 ln(10/T
a
) = 0,548ln(10/0,267)
35
Z
b
= 0,548 ln(10/T
b
) = 0,548ln(10/0,423).
Ta c:
P(T
a
10)=P(10)=0,5 [1-erf(Z
a
)] = 0,50,8209980,548ln(10/0,267)
= 0,815
P(T
b
60)=P(60)=0,5 [1-erf(Z
b
)] = 0,50,1572990,548ln(10/0,423)
= 0,136
Xc sut BER 10
-3
= P
0
.P
a
= 3,82.10
-3
1,12.10
-5
= 4,28.10
-8
Xc sut tuyn khng th s dng c do pha inh phng:
P
u
= P
0
.P
a
.P(10) = 4,28.10
-8
0,815= 3.487.10
-8
Kh nng s dng tuyn (%):
A
v
= 100(1 P
u
) = 100(1 3,487.10
-8
) = 99,99999651 %
Xc sut tuyn c BER 10
-6
= P
0
.P
b
= 3,82.10
-3
2,81.10
-5
= 1,073.10
-7
Xc sut tuyn c BER 10
-6
trong 60 s:
P
0
.P
b
.P(60) = 1,073.10
-8
.0,136 = 1,46.10
-8
khng s dng ng truyn cho php (tuyn ng trc):
Vi L = 20 km < 600 km
Ta c: P
ucf
= 0,06.L/600 % =0,06.20,5/600 % = 0,00205%
Kt Lun : T cc thng s tnh ton c trn ta thy tuyn viba s t TP
Vinh n Th Trn Nam n hot ng tt.
2. 3 . Thit k chng trnh h tr tnh ton trong thit k tuyn viba s
2.3.1 Lu thut ton
Lu thut ton trong thit k tuyn vi ba s c m t nh Hnh 3.1.
36
Hnh 3.1. Lu thut ton thit k tuyn vi ba s
37
Tnh ton tham s
tuyn xem tuyn
c hot ng hay
khng
END
Nhp cc thng s cho
tuyn
ng
Sai
Sai
ng
Tnh ton cht
lng tuyn v
xem tuyn c
hot ng hay
khng
Bt u
2.3.2 Thit k giao din
Hnh 3.1. Giao din m u.
Hnh 3.2. Tnh ton cc tham s tuyn.
38
Hnh 3.3. Tnh ton cht lng tuyn.
39
KT LUN
Viba s l h thng thng tin chuyn tip mt t, s dng sng in t
tn s Ghz truyn dn thng tin s. Mc d cht lng v n nh khng
tt nh cc h thng truyn dn dng cp kim loi hoc cp quang nhng mt
tuyn vi ba rt tin li truyn dn nhng ni c a hnh phc tp, kh
trin khai cc h thng truyn dn bng cp.
Vi vic thc hin ti Thit k tuyn vi ba s ny ti c dp p
dng nhng kin thc m cc thy c gio truyn t cho trong gn nm
nm hc.
Do thi gian lm n khng c nhiu nn cun n ny vn cha gii
quyt c ht cc vn ca thit k mt tuyn vi ba s thc t c th a
vo s dng. V vy, ti rt mong c s ng gp kin ca tt c mi
ngi ti ny c hon thin hn v c th dng n thit k cho
nhiu tuyn vi ba s na.
Mt ln na ti xin gi li cm n su sc n c gio L Th Qunh Nga
v tt c cc thy c gio trong khoa in t - Vin thng cng cc bn
gip ti hon thnh cun n ny.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n!

40
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Nguyn Vn Tun, Vi ba V tinh, i hc Lm nghip H Ni.
[2]. Bi Thin Minh, Vi ba s tp 1. NXB Bu in 2006.
[3]. Bi Thin Minh, Vi ba s tp 2. NXB Bu in 2006.
[4]. Quc Bo, Bi ging thng tin s, Trng i hc Cng Nghip H
Ni.
[7]. Nguyn Tin Ban, K thut vin thng, Hc vin Bu chnh vin thng.
[8] Maps.google.com.
[9] Google Earth.
41
PH LC
Chng trnh lp trnh tnh ton tuyn viba s bng phn mm Visual
Basic 10.0
1. Giao din m u.
Private Sub ()
Form2.Show()
Form3.Hide()
End Sub
Private Sub()
Form3.Show()
Form2.Hide()
End Sub

Private Sub ()
End
End Sub
2. Giao din thit k tnh ton cc tham s tuyn
Private Sub Tnh_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As
System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10, a11, a12, a13 As Double
Dim a14, a15, a16, a17, a18, a19, a22, a23 As Double
Dim ha2, har1, har2, h, F1, B, Ls, Lp1, Lp2, Lsp, G, Lt, Pr As Double
a1 = CDbl(TextBox1.Text)
a2 = CDbl(TextBox2.Text)
a3 = CDbl(TextBox3.Text)
a4 = CDbl(TextBox4.Text)
a5 = CDbl(TextBox5.Text)
42
a6 = CDbl(TextBox6.Text)
a7 = CDbl(TextBox7.Text)
a8 = CDbl(TextBox8.Text)
a9 = CDbl(TextBox9.Text)
a10 = CDbl(TextBox10.Text)
a11 = CDbl(TextBox11.Text)
a12 = CDbl(TextBox12.Text)
a13 = CDbl(TextBox13.Text)
a14 = CDbl(TextBox14.Text)
a15 = CDbl(TextBox15.Text)
a16 = CDbl(TextBox16.Text)
a17 = CDbl(TextBox17.Text)
a18 = CDbl(TextBox18.Text)
a19 = CDbl(TextBox19.Text)

h = (4 / 51) * a5 * (a1 - a5) / a9
F1 = 17.32 * (Math.Sqrt(a5 * (a1 - a5) / (a1 * a13)))
B = h + a4 + (a10 * F1)
ha2 = a2 + a6 + (B - (a2 + a6)) * (a1 / a5) - a3
har1 = a6 + a7
TextBox22.Text = CStr(har1)
har2 = ha2 + a8
TextBox23.Text = CStr(har2)
Ls = 92.5 + 20 * Math.Log10(a13) + 20 * Math.Log10(a1)
TextBox24.Text = CStr(Ls)
Lp1 = 1.5 * har1 * a19 + 0.3
TextBox25.Text = CStr(Lp1)
Lp2 = 1.5 * har2 * a19 + 0.3
TextBox26.Text = CStr(Lp2)
Lsp = a1 * a17
Lt = Ls + Lp1 + Lp2 + Lsp + a18
G = a12 + a16
Pr = a11 + G - Lt
43
TextBox20.Text = CStr(Pr)
If (Pr >= a14) Then
TextBox21.Text = "Tuyn c hot ng"
Else
TextBox21.Text = "Tuyn khng hot ng"
End If
Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As
System.EventArgs)
Form1.Show()
End Sub
Private Sub Button3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As
System.EventArgs) Handles Button3.Click
Form3.Show()
End Sub
3. Giao din thit k tnh ton cc tham s cht lng tuyn.
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As
System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim a20, a21, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10 As Double
Dim a11, a12, a13, a14, a15, a16, a17, a18, a19 As Double
a1 = CDbl(TextBox1.Text)
a2 = CDbl(TextBox2.Text)
a3 = CDbl(TextBox3.Text)
a4 = CDbl(TextBox4.Text)
a5 = CDbl(TextBox5.Text)
a6 = a1 - a4
TextBox6.Text = CStr(a6)
a7 = a1 - a5
TextBox7.Text = CStr(a7)
a8 = 1.4 * 10 ^ -8 * a3 * a2 ^ 3.5
TextBox8.Text = CStr(a8)
a9 = 10 ^ (-a6 / 10)
TextBox9.Text = CStr(a9)
a10 = 10 ^ (-a7 / 10)
44
TextBox10.Text = CStr(a10)
a11 = 10.3 * a2 * 10 ^ ((-0.5 * a6) / 10) * a3 ^ (-0.5)
TextBox11.Text = CStr(a11)
a12 = 10.3 * a2 * 10 ^ ((-0.5 * a7) / 10) * a3 ^ (-0.5)
TextBox12.Text = CStr(a12)
a13 = 0.548 * 0.820998 * 0.5 * Math.Log(10 / a11)
TextBox13.Text = CStr(a13)
a14 = 0.548 * 0.157229 * 0.5 * Math.Log(10 / a12)
TextBox14.Text = CStr(a14)
a15 = a9 * a8
TextBox15.Text = CStr(a15)
a16 = a10 * a8
TextBox16.Text = CStr(a16)
a17 = a8 * a10 * a14
TextBox17.Text = CStr(a17)
a18 = a8 * a9 * a13
TextBox18.Text = CStr(a18)
a19 = 100 * (1 - a18)
TextBox19.Text = CStr(a19)
If (a18 / 10 > 0.006) Then
TextBox20.Text = "Tuyn khng hot ng"
Else
If (a17 <= 0.045) Then
TextBox20.Text = "Tuyn hot ng tt"
Else
TextBox20.Text = "Tuyn hot ng bnh thng"
End If
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As
System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click
End
End Sub
45
46