Matrices and vector spaces

determinant, given in equation (1.138) on p. 79, and expressed in terms of the LeviCivita symbol _ij k (see Problem 1.37). (i) Determinant of the transpose. The transpose matrix AT (which, we recall, is obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of A) has the same determinant as A itself, i.e. |AT| = |A|. (1.47) It follows that any theorem established for the rows of A will apply to the columns as well, and vice versa. (ii) Determinant of the complex and Hermitian conjugate. It is clear that the matrix A obtained by taking the complex conjugate of each element of A has the determinant |A| = |A|. Combining this result with (1.47), we find that |A| = |(A)T| = |A| = |A| . (1.48) (iii) Interchanging two rows or two columns. If two rows (columns) ofAare interchanged, its determinant changes sign but is unaltered in magnitude. (iv) Removing factors. If all the elements of a single row (column) of A have a common factor, , then this factor may be removed; the value of the determinant is given by the product of the remaining determinant and . Clearly this implies that if all the elements of any row (column) are zero then |A| = 0. It also follows that if every element of the N N matrix A is multiplied by a constant factor then |A| = N|A|. (1.49) (v) Identical rows or columns. If any two rows (columns) of A are identical or are multiples of one another, then it can be shown that |A| = 0. (vi) Adding a constant multiple of one row (column) to another. The determinant of a matrix is unchanged in value by adding to the elements of one row (column) any fixed multiple of the elements of another row (column). (vii) Determinant of a product. If A and B are square matrices of the same order then |AB| = |A||B| = |BA|. (1.50) A simple extension of this property gives, for example, |AB G| = |A||B| |G| = |A||G| |B| = |A GB|, which shows that the determinant is invariant under permutation of the matrices in a