TAKSHSHILA INSTITUTE OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY, JABALPUR {M.P.

BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE

Mr. VIJAY BANSAL LECTURER (MECH.)

PAWAN VISHWAKARMA Roll No. 0207ME081037 Branch- ME Sem- IV

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION OF BMI WHAT IS BMI ? THE HUMAN BRAIN MAIN PRINCIPLE OF BMI THE TECHNOLOGY USED IN BMI COMPONENTS USED IN BMI PROCESS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES APPLICATION FUTURE EXANSION

INTRODUCTION

A BMI is a direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device . Sometimes its also called BCI.

BMI uses brain activity to command, control, actuate and communicate with the world directly brain integration with peripheral devices & system.
BMIs are often aimed at augmenting or repairing human cognitive or sensory motor function. Research on BMI began in the 1970s at UCLA under a grant from the NSF. In 1987 Philip Kennedy founded neural signals to develop BMI. The operation of this machine based on his or her EEG response .

WHAT IS BMI ?

A BMI is an attempt to mesh our minds with machine. These are electronic interfaces with the brain , which has ability to send & receive signals from brain. By using BMI artificial electrical signal can stimulate the brain tissue in order to transmit some information. For eg. Somebody with spinal injuries will be able to use their brain to control a prosthetic limb.

THE WHOLE BMI PROCESS

THE HUMAN BRAIN

The human brain is undoubtly the most complex organ found among the carbon based life forms. The most relevant part of brain concerning BMIs is the cerebral cortex. Cerebral cortex is responsible for many higher order functions of brain. This kind of knowledge has been used when with BMIs based on the pattern recognition approach.

MAIN PRINCIPLE OF BMI

Main principle behind this interface is the bioelectrical activity of nerves and muscles.

The brain is composed of millions of neurons. These neurons work together in complex logic and produce thought and signal that control our bodies.
When the neuron fires or activates there is a voltage change across the cell, which can be read through a variety of devices. By monitoring or analyzing these signals, we can understand the working of brain. A neuron depolarizes to generate an impulse. We can control the brain function by artificially producing these signals and sending them to respective parts.

THE TECHNOLOGY USED IN BMI

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technology used in measuring the electrical activity of the brain. The recording of EEG response is known as the electroencephalogram. The neurons, like other cells of the body are electrically polarized. The EEG signal can be picked up with electrode either from scalp or directly from the cerebral cortex. The EEG is measured from the surface of the scalp by measuring potential difference between the actual measuring electrode and a reference electrode. The normal EEG frequency content ranges from 0.5 to 50 Hz.

THE COMPONENTS USED IN BMI

THE IMPLANT DEVICE OR CHRONIC MULTI ELECTRODE ARRAY

THE SIGNAL RECORDING PROCESSING DEVICE

EXTERNAL DEVICE

VISUAL OR AUDIO FEEDBACK SECTION

ADVANTAGES

In this era where drastic diseases are getting common , it is a boon if we can develop it to its full potential. It provides better living , more features, more advancement in technologies etc. Linking up in this way would allow for computer intelligence to be hooked more directly into brain. By this human get gradual co-evolution with computers.

DISADVANTAGES

Connecting to the nervous system could lead to permanent brain damage, resulting in the loss of feelings or movement, or continual pain. Virus attack may occur to brain causing ill effect.

APPLICATION

AUDITORY & VISUAL PROTHESIS 1. cochlear implants 2. Brain stem implants 3. Artificial silicon retina FNS PROTHETIC LIMB CONTROL 1. thought control motorized wheel chair. 2. Various neuro prosthetic device.

FUTURE EXPANSION

A new thought communication device might soon help severely disabled people by allowing them steer a wheelchair with their mind. In future , it will be linking people via chip implants to super intelligent machine. In future , the thought communication will replace telephones firmly in the history books.