ABACUS developed by the Chinese

Chinese Wooden Abacus

Golden Abacus

Abacus From India

Old Metal Abacus Large Wooden Abacus

 DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM in India LOGARITHM

John Napier, scottish mathematician invented logarithms, which greatly assisted in arithmetic calculations.

NAPIERs BONES
In the early 1600s, a Scottish mathematician called John Napier invented a tool called Napier's Bones, which were multiplication tables inscribed on strips of wood or bone.

 SLIDE RULE
Edward Gunter invented the slide rule

 FIRST ACCOUNTING MACHINE

The IBM accounting machine , keypunch and sorter were the main ingredients of a punched-card data processing system up until the late 1960s.

The IBM 405 Alphabetical Accounting Machine

 ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR
At the end of 1961 Bell Punch Company put the Anita Mk VII on the market in continental Europe and the Anita Mk 8 in the rest of the world as the world's first electronic desktop calculators. These were the only commercial electronic desktop calculators for more than 2 years.

Anita Mk 8.

Plus 506

 LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR
Blaise Pascal was the inventor of the first workable automatic calculator . Leibniz calculating machine was an improvement over Pascals calculator.

The inner workings of Leibniz' calculator.

 ANALYTICAL MACHINE
The Analytical Engine, a mechanical device that would have included most of the essential features of modern digital computers: *** a central processing unit, *** software instructions, *** memory storage and *** printed output.

THE FATHER OF MODERN COMPUTERS

CHARLES BABBAGE (1792-1871)

AUGUSTA ADA LOVELACE THE FIRST COMPUTER PROGRAMMER

She saw the art as well as the science in programming

MARK 1 Electromechanical automatic Computer

MARK1 developed in 1944 by Howard H. Aiken

MARK II

. then started the ERA OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS

Summary
Abacus Decimal Number System Logarithms Napier Bones Slide Rule First Accounting Machine Leibniz Calculator Analytical Machine Mark1 Era of digital Computers

Chapter 1
History of Computers Important Terminologies Characteristics of a computer Era of digital computers Generations of Computer Classification of Computer Computer Applications