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De Cuong Chi Tiet Viem Mui Di Ung
De Cuong Chi Tiet Viem Mui Di Ung
Phan Th Ngc Li
LI CAM OAN
K tn
Phan th Ngc Li
MC LC
Trang
Li cm n
Li cam oan
Mc lc
Danh mc ch vit tt
Danh mc bng
Danh mc biu
T VN ........................................................................................................ 1
Chng1: TNG QUAN TI LIU ..................................................................... 3
1.1. Cc nh ngha .............................................................................................. 3
1.2. Dch t vim mi d ng ............................................................................... 3
1.3. Tc ng ca VMD ln cht lng cuc sng .......................................... 6
1.4. C ch bnh sinh bnh VMD .................................................................... 7
1.5. Cc yu t nguy c ....................................................................................... 9
1.6. Lm sng v cn lm sng ............................................................................ 9
1.7. Phn loi bnh vim mi ............................................................................ 13
1.8. iu tr vim mi d ng ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chng 2: I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU ...................... 15
2.1. i tng nghin cu ................................................................................. 16
2.2. Phng php nghin cu ............................................................................ 16
2.3. Vn y c ............................................................................................... 22
2.4. S nghin cu ........................................................................................ 23
Chng 3: KT QU .......................................................................................... 24
3.1. T l VMD trn bnh nhi mc bnh l h hp cp .................................... 24
3.2. c im lm sng bnh VMD .................................................................. 24
3.3. Bnh nn ........................................................................................................ 34
Chng 4: BN LUN ....................................................................................... 35
4.1. T l VMD trn nhng bnh nhi mc bnh h hp cp ............................. 36
4.2. c im lm sng ........................................................................................ 37
4.3. Bnh nn ........................................................................................................ 46
KT LUN .......................................................................................................... 50
KIN NGH ......................................................................................................... 51
Ti liu tham kho
Ph lc 1: b cu hi VMD
Ph lc 2: danh sch bnh nhi tham gia nghin cu
DANH MC CH VIT TT
ARIA:
Cs:
Cng s
IgE:
IL-4:
Interleukin - 4
IL-5:
Interleukin - 5
IL-13:
Interleukin - 13
ISAAC:
NKHHC:
Nhim khun h hp cp
PAF:
RSV:
VA:
VMD:
Vim mi d ng
DANH MC BNG
DANH MC BIU
T VN
Chng 1:
TNG QUAN TI LIU
1.1. Cc nh ngha
1.1.1. nh ngha vim mi d ng (VMD)
VMD l loi bnh d ng ca nim mc mi, c trng bi lp i lp li
kch pht cc triu chng: ht hi, chy mi nc trong mi trc hoc sau, tc
nghn mi v hoc nga mi. Nhng triu chng ny xy ra trong hai hoc nhiu
ngy lin tip v hn mt gi trong cc ngy ny [23].
VMD l dng thng gp nht ca vim mi khng nhim trng v c
lin quan n p ng chng li d nguyn ca khng th IgE. N thng kt
hp vi tnh trng vim kt mc d ng (c trng bi nga, chy nc mt,
mt, thm ch sng n mt) [23] .
1.1.2. nh ngha nhim khun h hp cp (NKHHC)
Nhim khun h hp cp bao gm cc nhim trng bt k v tr no trn
ng h hp. Bao gm mi, tai, hng, thanh qun, kh qun, ph qun, tiu ph
qun, phi. Thi gian b bnh khng qu 30 ngy, ngoi tr vim tai gia cp l
14 ngy [5].
1.2. Dch t vim mi d ng
Bnh VMD c bit n t xa ( c ghi chp trong y vn ca Hi
Gio vo th k 9, trong y vn Chu u th k 16 ) mc d bnh khng c m
t chi tit. n u th k 19 bnh c m chi tit nhng trong thi gian
khng c x hi ch nhiu. Cui th k 19 bnh tr nn ph bin hn
1.4.3. Ph n nim mc mi
Ph n nim mc mi gy ra bi s ph m k ca nim mc mi, s thot
huyt tng v s sung huyt ca cc mch mu mi. C ch ch yu l do
hot ng trc tip ca cc ha cht trung gian nh histamine, PAF,
prostaglandin D2, kinin v mt phn luekotriene. Leucotrienes c gii phng
t hot ng xm nhp ca t bo vim, c bit l t bo i toan, gi vai tr
chnh ca s ph n nim mc mi, quan st thy pha phn ng mun [30].
V vy pha phn ng sm ca VMD gy ra bi phn ng khng nguyn
khng th do IgE. Sau gim dn v tn ti pha phn ng mun. Nu s kch
thch ca khng nguyn lin tip s gy ra tnh trng vim mn [30].
1.5. Cc yu t nguy c
Di truyn
D nguyn kch thch trong hoc ngoi nh
D nguyn chnh ngoi nh l phn hoa v nm mc
D nguyn chnh trong nh gm: con mt nh, t lng, phn hoc nc
tiu ca th cng trong trong nh, cn trng v nm mc
D nguyn t thc n
Cht d nguyn trong mi trng lm vic
S nhim mi trng trong v ngoi nh
S phn bit cc tng lp x hi[23]
1.6. Lm sng v cn lm sng
1.6.1. Lm sng
VMD c cc triu chng sau ti i ti li:
Nhy mi
Chy mi dch trong
10
Nght mi
Nga mi
C th km theo cc triu chng ca mt nh: nga mt, chy nc
mt, mt
Mt s triu chng khc:
Gim hoc mt kh nng nhn cm mi. Mc d gim hoc mt
kh nng nhn cm mi l khng lin quan thng xuyn vi VMD nhng
triu chng gim nh kh nng khu gic li khng him gp nhng bnh nhn
ny.
Ngy, ri lon gic ng
Chy mi sau v ho mn mt s bnh nhn
Bnh t lui
Bng 1.1. Triu chng VMD
Triu chng gi VMD
- Ch c 1 triu chng
- Tc mi m khng c cc triu chng
khc
- Chy mi nhy m
- Chy mi sau
. Vi dch nhy
. v hoc khng chy mi trc
- au
- Chy mu mi ti pht
- Mt khu gic
Khi t 2 trong 4 triu chng trn cc triu chng ny ko di hn 1 gi
11
Mc
Triu chng
Ht hi( s ln
trung bnh ht
hi ngy)
Nng
Trung bnh
Nh
Khng b
Lin tc thnh
trng, nhiu
Tng lc
ci
t khi
Khng biu
hin
Chy mi (s
Lin tc thnh
ln trung bnh x
Tng lc
dng
mi ngy)
t khi
Khng biu
hin
Ngt mi
Lin tc
thng xuyn
hng ngy
Tng lc
Him
Khng biu
hin
Nga mi
Lin tc mc
nhiu
t, khng
thng
xuyn
Thnh
thong
Khng biu
hin
Nim mc
Nht nht,
ph n, t
Nht nhat,
ph n va,
t nh
Nht nht,
ph n nh
Bnh thng
Qu pht
va, cn p
ng thuc co
mch
Qu pht
nh, cn p
Bnh thng
ng thuc co
mch
Qu pht
nhiu, khng
Cung di mi hoc t p
ng thuc co
mch
1.6.2. Cn Lm sng
Pht dch tit mi
12
Tm nhng d nguyn
Phn ng da
Khng th IgE ca khng nguyn c hiu trong huyt thanh [23]
1.6.3. Chn on
Chn on xc nh
Theo tiu chun ARIA
Lm sng: cc triu chng in hnh chy nc mi, ht hi c bit bc
pht, ngt mi, nga mi v xt nghim cn lm sng khng th IgE vi d
nguyn chuyn bit di da hoc trong mu [23].
Theo tiu chun chn on ca Kimihiro Okubo
Lm sng: cc triu chng in hnh chy nc mi, ht hi c bit bc
pht, ngt mi, nga mi v xt nghim cn lm sng pht dch mi tm t bo i
toan, o khng th chuyn bit IgE trong huyt thanh v xc nh d nguyn da
vo phn ng da, hoc o khng th IgE chuyn bit trong huyt thanh [30].
Chn on phn bit [23]
Vim xoang hoc l polyp mi
Yu t c hc
- Vo vch ngn
- Ph i cc xon mi
- Ph i VA
- D vt mi
- Tt l mi sau
U
- Lnh tnh
- c tnh
13
U ht
- U ht Vegner
- U c
- Nhim trng
- U ht gip bin
- c tnh
Khuyt im lng mi
Nguyn nhn trong no, ct sng
1.7.Phn loi bnh vim mi
1.7.1. Phn loi vim mi
Nhim trng
Virus
Vi khun
D ng
Gin on
Dai dng
Ngh nghip
Gin on
Dai dng
Do thuc
Aspirin
Cc thuc khc
Tc nhn khc
Hi chng tng bch cu i toan
14
Do kch thch
Do thc n
Do xc ng
Do teo
T pht [23].
15
4 ngy/ tun
Nh
. Ng bnh thng
. Kh ng
th thao, gii tr
v hc tp
hc tp
chu
chu
16
Chng 2:
I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
17
Trong :
n: l c mu nh nht hp l
Z: l tr s ty thuc vo mc tin cy mong mun ca c lng. Vi
nghin cu ny tc gi mong mun mc tin cy 95%.
P = 0,032 t l bnh nhi vim mi trn tng s bnh nhi nhp vin v
NKHHC theo nghin cu ca Kari nm 2000 [29].
c: l mc chnh xc ca nghin cu c th chp nhn c 5%
Thay vo:
mu:
18
19
20
Rt thanh qun.
Ni soi: vim thanh kh qun.
+ Chn on c th: c 3 du hiu lm sng nu trn nhng khng
c kt qu ni soi thanh kh qun.
2.2.5. Ni dung nghin cu
Nghin cu c im chung
Tui
Gii
Ni
Thi gian mc bnh
T l vim mi d ng trn bnh nhi mc bnh h hp cp
c im lm sng
Triu chng chnh
Mc nng ca triu chng
Triu chng ti mt
Cc triu chng khc: Ngy, ri lon gic ng
Bnh nn v mi lin quan
2.2.6. Cc bin s nghin cu (phn loi theo bn cht ca bin).
2.2.6.1. Bin nh tnh
Bin danh mc
Gii: nam, n
Ni :
L do vo vin: ho, kh th, st, tm, khc
Bnh l h hp cp: vim phi, vim h hp trn, hen ph qun, khc
( vim tiu ph qun, vim thanh kh ph qun...).
21
Bnh km theo: tro ngc d dy thc qun, vim khp dng thp,
bnh vim da, khc.
Cn lm sng h tr chn on bnh nn: X quang phi, CRP, tng
bch cu a nhn trung tnh hoc bch cu i toan, khc.
Triu chng lm sng chnh: chy mi nc trong, ht hi, ngt mi,
nga mi.
Triu chng v mt: nga mt, mt, chy nc mt, khng triu
chng, khc.
Triu chng au tai: c, khng.
Triu chng au mt: c, khng.
Triu chng khc: gim khu gic nh, ngi, khng triu chng,
khc.
Tin s c chn on VMD: c, khng.
Tin s d ng gia nh: c, khng.
nh hng cht lng cuc sng: c, khng.
Biu hin nh hng cht lng cuc sng: kh ng; nh hng n
cuc sng hng ngy, gii tr; nh hng n hc tp; cc triu
chng gy kh chu.
Yu t lin quan n khi pht triu chng: thay i kh hu;
nhim mi trng trong hoc ngoi nh; con mt nh, lng hoc
cht thi ca th cng trong nh.
Bin th hng
S ngy xut hin triu chng trong tun: < 4 ngy, 4 ngy.
Thi gian lin tc c triu chng: < 4 tun, 4 tun.
Loi VMD: gin on, dai dng.
22
23
Cc d kin thu thp u nm trong quy trnh thng quy thc hin ti
khoa.
2.4.K hoch nghin cu
Chn bnh nhn theo tiu chun chn mu
Vit bo co
24
Chng 3:
KT QU
Trong thi gian t thng 08/2012 n thng 05/2013 chng ti tin hnh
thu thp thng tin ca 90 bnh nhi nhp vin v bnh l NKHHC c km triu
chng VMD. Ghi nhn kt qu nh sau:
3.1. T l vim mi d ng trn bnh nhi mc bnh l h hp cp
VMD, 12.3%
Khng VMD,
87.7%
25
Sc Trng, 6.7%
Hu Giang, 18.9%
Cn Th, 58.9%
N, 33.3%
Nam, 66.7%
26
Tui
lch chun
22,4 thng
2,4 thng
Tui ln nht
10 tui
Tui nh nht
3 thng
< 2 tui
T l %
71,3
Nhn xt: Tui trung bnh tr mc bnh VMD l 22,4 thng. Trong s
90 tr mc bnh tr c tui nh nht l 2 thng, tr c tui ln nht l 10 tui.
Ngoi ra, trong nghin cu ca chng ti ghi nhn thy t l tr di 2
tui chim t l kh ln (71,3%).
3.2.1.4. Tui khi pht bnh
Bng 3.2 S phn b theo tui khi pht bnh vim mi d ng
c im
Tui trung bnh
Tui
11,8 thng
Tui ln nht
9 tui
Tui nh nht
2 thng
< 6 tui
lchchun
T l %
1,9 thng
96,7
Nhn xt: Tui trung bnh khi pht bnh l 11,8 thng, tui nh nht bt
u biu hin triu chng bnh l 0,5 thng, tui ln nht khi pht pht triu
chng ca bnh VMD l 9 tui.
27
37%
Nga mi
56%
Ngt mi
80%
Ht hi
92%
Chy mi nc
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
28
59%
100%
7%
90%
11%
nh
80%
trung bnh
nng
70%
2%
60%
69%
50%
7%
61%
40%
43%
30%
20%
10%
35%
22%
17%
5%
8%
10%
ht hi
ngt mi
7%
0%
tnh trng
chy mi nc
nim mc mi
nga mi
29
c triu chng ti
mt, 46%
100%
90%
80%
32%
70%
60%
50%
40%
7%
30%
20%
1%
10%
0%
nga mt
mt
chy nc mt
30
100%
90%
41%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
2%
20%
1%
10%
0%
ngy
au tai
au mt
Biu 3.8. S biu hin triu chng ngy, triu chng ti tai v mt
Nhn xt: Bnh nhi VMD c triu chng ngy chim t l kh cao
vi 41,1% tr c triu chng.
3.2.3. Phn lai vim mi d ng
3.2.3.1. Phn loi theo thi gian tn ti triu chng
31
vim mi d ng
dai dng, 45.5%
vim mi d ng
gin on, 55.5%
60%
22%
50%
18%
40%
30%
33%
27%
nh
20%
10%
0%
VMD gin on
32
khng nh hng
cht lng cuc
sng, 60%
nh hng cht
lng cuc sng,
40%
Tn s T L %
Kh ng
27
30
3.3
nh hng n hc tp
1.1
5.6
Tng
36
40
33
34
Tn s
T l %
32
35,6
khng
58
64,4
Tng
90
100
Nhn xt: trong 90 bnh nhi c biu hin triu chng VMD c 32 bnh
nhi ( chim t l 35,6%) c cha hoc m hoc c hai c c a d ng.
3.2.7. Chn on v iu tr
a s cc tr iu cha c chn on VMD (98,9%) trc v tt c
cc tr iu cha tng iu tr VMD.
3.3. Bnh nn
3.3.1. L do vo vin
Bng 3.5. L do vo vin
L do
Tn s
T l %
Ho
37
41,1
Kh th
18
20
St
27
30
Kh kh
8,9
Tng
90
100
35
Tn s
T s %
Vim phi
36
40
Vim h hp trn
40
40,4
Hen ph qun
8,9
6,7
Tng
90
100
Tn s
T l %
3,3
Vim da
1,1
Tng
4,4
36
Chng 4:
BN LUN
37
VMD < 2 tui chim rt thp theo cc nghin cu khc, theo Chiang WC v Cs
nghin cu t thng 3/2001 n thng 3/2009 ghi nhn t l VMD tr < 2 tui
ch 3,7% [24], theo Zhao J v Cs nghin cu a ra kt lun t l VMD < 2
tui gp thp hn cc tui khc [49]. Trong khi , ba nghin cu trn i
tng l cc tr ngoi cng ng mi la tui hoc tui > 2 tui.
4.2. c im lm sng
4.2.1. c im chung
4.2.1.1. Phn b theo a phng
S phn b VMD tp trung nhiu nht l Cn Th (58,9%), k n l
cc tnh Hu Giang (18,9), Vnh Long (11,1%), Sc Trng (6,7%). c im
phn b nh trn c cu thnh l do a im nghin cu ca chng ti l ti
bnh vin Nhi ng Cn Th, ni nhp vin ch yu ca cc bnh nhi Cn
Th v cc tnh ln cn.
4.2.1.2. Phn b theo gii
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy bnh VMD ph bin tr nam hn tr n
(nam: 66,7%, n :33,3%) t l nam: n l 2:1. Theo Elio v Cs nghin cu v
VMD tr 4 - 17 tui t 35757 h gia nh ti M nm 2009 ghi nhn t l tr
nam l 53%, n l 47% ( t l nam: n l 1,13:1) [25], cn theo nghin cu ca
Chiang v Cs cng ghi nhn t l VMD tr nam nhiu hn tr n [25]. Theo
y vn th tui u th t l tr nam mc VMD thng gp 2 ln t l VMD
tr n [4]. Vy kt qu nghin cu ca chng ti ph hp vi y vn v 2 nghin
cu trn. iu c th l gii l la tui nh, cc tr em nam thng hiu
ng v thng xuyn tip xc vi mi trng bn ngoi hn cc tr em n nn
s mn cm s ln hn.
4.2.1.3. Phn b theo tui
38
39
Tc gi
Triu chng
Chng ti
L Th Minh Hng v
Cs
Chy mi nc
92%
100%
Ht hi
80%
95%
Ngt mi
56%
66%
Nga mi
37%
37%
40
Tc gi
Chng ti
Elio v Cs
Chy mi nc
92%
34%
Ht hi
80%
46%
Ngt mi
56%
52%
Nga mi
37%
27%
Triu chng
41
42
43
Chng ti
L Th Minh Hng v
Cs
22,2%
16,3%
17,8%
14,5%
Nh gin on
33,3%
42,3%
Nh dai dng
26,7%
26,9%
Tng
100%
100%
44
Chng ti
AM Zicar v
Bousquet v
Cs
Cs
22,2%
8%
17%
17,8%
33%
59%
Nh gin on
33,3%
26%
10%
Nh dai dng
26,7%
30%
14%
Tng
100%
100%
100%
45
(62,2%) [41]. Theo Elio v Cs ghi nhn tr VMD c biu hin ri lon gic
ng chim t l cng kh cao (40%). Bn cnh , tc gi ghi nhn mt t l kh
ln tr b nh hng n hc tp, hoat ng ( nh hng n hc tp 68% tr,
nh hng n hot ng l 21%) [25]. Vy hu qu ca VMD l gy ri lon
gic ng l tng t nhau gia nghin cu ca chng ti v 2 nghin cu trn.
Tuy nhin, v nh n kh nng hc tp v hot ng th c s khc bit kh ln
gia nghin cu ca chng ti v 2 ti trn, bi l, cc b trong mu nghin
cu ca chng ti l tr t 2 thng n 15 tui trong chim a s l tr < 2
tui (71,3%), la tui cha n trng v kh nng hot ng c ch ch cn
cha pht trin ton din. trong khi cc nghin cu trn l phn b u cho cc
la tui.
4.2.5. Yu t lin quan n khi pht bnh
Bnh khi pht ch yu khi thay i thi tit (75,6%) v mt t l thp hn
khi pht khi nhim mi trng trong v ngoi nh (13,3%), ng thi cng c
mt t l cc cha m ca b khng hoc khng bit b khi pht bnh lin
quan n yu t no (11.1%). Vy thay i thi tit v nhim mi trng c
lin quan n khi pht bnh VMD. Theo tc gi L Th Minh Hng v Cs ghi
nhn yu t thay i thi tit lin quan n khi pht bnh VMD cc bnh
nhi (100%) [10]. Theo nghin cu ca Sha JC v Cs cng ghi nhn t l cc yu
t thc y VMD l thay i thi tit (16,2%) , yu t mi trng (3,4%) [41].
Theo Phan D L Li (2011) cho bit, ngoi tnh trng nhim khng kh do
khi bi khin VMD, lng bnh nhn b cn bnh ny n khm tng vo
thi im chuyn ma vi nhng thay i tht thng [14]. Ph hp vi kt qu
nghin cu ca chng ti.
4.2.6. Tin s d ng gia nh
46
47
48
KT LUN
49
KIN NGH