INTRODUCTION

This experiment is conducted mainly to study the criterion of laminar, transition and turbulent flow. In fluid mechanics, internal flow is defined as a flow for which the fluid is confined by a surface. The flow may be laminar or turbulent. Osborne Reynolds (23 august 1832 - 21 February 1912) was prominent innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics and mechanics.

Osborne Reynolds Apparatus consists of water resource for the system apply, fix-head water input to big and small transparent pipes, dye input by injection unit, and water output unit determine water flow rate. The laminar, transition and turbulent flows can be obtained by varying the water flow rate using the water outlet control valve. Water flow rate and hence the flow velocity is measured by the volumetric measuring tank. The supply tank consists of glass beads to reduce flow disturbances. Flow patterns are visualized using dye injection through a needle valve. The dye injection rate can be controlled and adjusted to improve the quality of flow patterns.