Tng quan

EIGRP l giao thc nh tuyn dng lai gia distance vector v link state. EIGRP l mt pht trin ring ca Cisco nhm khc phc cc nhc im ca RIP/IGRP v c nhng u im nh d cu hnh, hi t nhanh, tit kim ti nguyn mng khi trao i thng tin, s dng a ch multicast lin lc, kh nng s dng hiu qu bng thng, h tr VLSM v vn mng khng lin tc (discontiguous network).
Cc giao thc nh tuyn nhm classless c thit k khc phc cc hn ch ca nh tuyn classful, trong bao gm cc c im sau:

Khng gian a ch c s dng hiu qu H tr VLSM. Cc cng ca router trong cng mt network c th c cc gi tr subnet mask khc nhau H tr cho vic s dng CIDR Cc route c th c summary.

s dng cc u im ca qu trnh nh tuyn classless, Cisco to ra lnh ip classless. Lnh ny hin c cu hnh mc nh trong cc phin bn IOS hin hnh.

Bng 3-1: CC THUT NG EIGRP

THUT NG Neighbor
Neighbor table

Route table Topology table

NH NGHA Mt router ang chy EIGRP v kt ni trc tip Mt danh sch ca cc router, bao gm a ch IP, cc interface i ra ngoi, hold-time, SRTT v thi gian uptime. Bng ny cng cha cc thng tin ch ra router lng ging thm vo bng c bao lu. Bng ny c xy dng t cc thng tin nhn c t cc gi hello. Bng nh tuyn. Bng ny cha danh sch cc mng hin c v ng i tt nht v cc mng ny. Mt route EIGRP s c a vo bng nh tuyn khi route loi feasible successor c ch ra.
Mt bng cha tt c cc ng i c qung b bi cc router lng ging. y l danh sch tt c cc route d phng, route tt nht, gi tr AD v cc interface. Gii thut DUAL s tnh ton trn bng topology ny xc nh successor v feasible successor xy dng mt bng nh tuyn.

Hello Update

Query

Mt thng ip c dng duy tr bng cc router lng ging. Cc gi hello ny c gi nh k v c gi theo kiu khng tin cy. Mt gi EIGRP cha cc thng tin thay i v mng. Cc gi ny c gi theo c ch tin cy. N c gi ch khi c mt thay i nh hng n router: - Khi mt router lng ging xut hin - Khi mt router lng ging i t trng thi active sang trng thi passive - Khi c mt s thay i trong tnh ton metric cho mt a ch mng ch. c gi t router khi router mt mt ng i v mt mng no .

Reply

ACK Hold time

Smooth RoundTrip Time (SRTT)

Retransmission Timeout (RTO) Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) Advertise Distance Feasible distance (FD)

Nu khng c ng i d phng (feasible successor), router s gi ra cc gi tin truy vn (query) hi v ng i d phng. Khi ny router s chuyn sang trng thi active. Cc gi tin truy vn ca EIGRP c gi ra theo kiu tin cy. L mt tr li cho gi tin query. Nu router khng c thng tin no trong gi reply, router s gi gi query n tt c cc router lng ging. Mt unicast s c gi li. Bn cht l mt gi tin Hello nhng khng c d liu bn trong Gi tr c thit lp trong gi hello. Thi gian hold time ny s xc nh router s i mt khong thi gian bao lu trc khi cng b l mng b down. Thng tin ny c trong bng neighbor Khong thi gian router phi i sau khi gi mt gi tin nhn c ACK. Thng tin ny c gi trong bng neighbor v c dng tnh khong thi gian RTO.
RTO s xc nh khong thi gian m router phi ch trc khi truyn mt gi tin. y l c ch c dng xc nh cc yu cu m mt gi c phn phi theo th t. Mt gii thut c thc hin trn bng topology gip mng hi t. Gii thut ny da trn vic router pht hin nhng thay i trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. V gii thut l c tnh ton ng thi, n s m bo mng khng b loop. Chi ph ca ng i n mng xa t router lng ging ng i tt nht n mt mng Trng thi ny xut hin khi mt lng ging bo co mt gi tr AD thp hn gi tr FD

Feasible condition (FC Feasible successor (FS) Successor

Stuck in Active (SIA)

Khi router lng ging bo v gi tr AD thp hn gi tr FD ca router. FS l router k tip trong trng thi FC
Router k tip truyn gi tr FC. Successor c chn la t cc gi tr FS v n c gi tr thp nht n mng xa. Trng thi t c khi router gi ra cc gi tin v ch ACK. Router vn trng thi active cho n khi no tt c cc ACK c nhn v. Nu cc ACK khng tr v sau mt khong thi gian no , router s duy tr trng thi SIA cho route .

Query scoping

Thit k mng gii hn phm vi truy cp ca cc gi query. Phm vi ny s ch ra gi tin query c th i n u. iu ny l cn thit ngn nga SIA. Trng thi ca route khi m c mt thay i v mng nhng sau khi kim tra bng topo, khng c FS no c tm thy. Route s c

Active

gn gi tr active v router s truy vn cc router lng ging cho nhng route d phng
Passive Mt ng i ang trong trng thi passive. Nu ng i b mt, router s kim tra bng topology tm ra FS. Nu c mt FS, route ny s c t trong bng nh tuyn. Nu khng, router s truy vn cc router lng ging v a route vo trng thi active.

Metric

EIGRP v IGRP c cng cch tnh metric, tuy nhin metric ca EIGRP bng metric ca IGRP nhn vi 256 do IGRP c trng metric l 24 bit trong khi EIGRP c trng metric l 32 bit:
EIGRP Metric = IGRP Metric * 256 Thit lp quan h lng ging trong EIGRP

Khng ging IGRP, EIGRP cn phi thit lp quan h lng ging trc khi gi cp nht nh tuyn bng cch trao i gi tin hello qua a ch multicast 224.0.0.10 sau khong thi gian 5 giy (hay 60 giy i vi kt ni c bng thng thp hn T1). Thi gian holdtime l thi gian ti a m router phi ch trc khi reset li quan h lng ging nu khng nhn c gi tin hello, thi gian ny gp 3 ln thi gian hello time (15 giy hay 180 giy i vi kt ni c bng thng thp hn T1). Khi thit lp quan h lng ging, bng quan h lng ging table s nh sau:
Router_1#show ip eigrp neighbor IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq

(sec) (ms) Cnt Num 1 5.5.5.4 Et0 11 10 00:00:22 1 00:00:23 372 4500 2232 0 0 3 2

0 192.168.9.5 Et1

H Danh sch cc quan h lng ging m router thit lp c Address a ch IP ca router EIGRP lng ging. Interface Cng nhn thng tin ca router EIGRP lng ging. Hold Thi gian holddown-timer, nu mang gi tr 0 s xo b quan h lng ging. Uptime Thi gian thit lp quan h lng ging.

SRTT (Smooth Round Trip Time) Thi gian trung bnh m bo gi v nhn gi tin EIGRP. RTO (Round Trip Timeout) Thi gian router phi ch truyn li gi tin nu router khng nhn c gi tin. Q Count (Queue Count) S lng gi tin EIGRP ch gi n router EIGRP lng ging. Sequence Number S tun t ca gi tin EIGRP cui cng nhn c t router EIGRP lng ging.
To ra bng topology

Sau khi cc router bit cc router lng ging, n c th to ra mt c s d liu ca cc feasible successor. Cc router lng ging v cc ng i tt nht c gi trong bng topology ny. iu cn ch l bng topology cha ng i ca tt c cc routes trong mt h thng mng ch khng ch l cc router c ng i tt nht v cc routes d phng. Cc tuyn ng khc c gi l cc kh nng. Bng topology trong EIGRP s qun l vic chn la route thm vo bng nh tuyn ca router. Bng topology bao gm cc thng tin nh sau:
Mt route no l trng thi active hay passive Cp nht c gi n cc router lng ging hay khng Mt gi tin truy vn gi v router lng ging. Nu c thng tin trong ct ny ca bng, c t nht mt route ang c nh du nh active Nu mt gi tin c gi i, mt ct khc trong bng s theo di l c bt c mt tr li no t router lng ging. Cc mng xa a ch mng v gi tr subnet ca cc mng Gi tr metric ca cc mng xa, gi l FD. Gi tr metric ca cc mng xa c qung b bi router kt ni trc tip, gi tr ny cn gi l AD. Gi tr next-hop Cng i ra ca cc router c dng n router next-hop Tuyn ng tt nht c ch ra dng hop-count

Bng topology c xy dng t cc gi tin update gia cc router lng ging v c tr li bi cc truy vn t router. Cc gi tin tr li c gi ra nhm p ng vi cc gi tin truy vn. Cc gi tin truy vn v gi tr li c dng gii thut DUAL s c gi i mt cch tin cy dng module RTP ca Cisco. Nu mt router khng nghe mt ACK trong mt khong thi gian cho trc, n s truyn li gi nh mt dng unicast. Nu khng nhn c mt gi tin tr li sau 16 ln c gng, router s nh du router lng ging l cht. Mi ln mt router gi ra mt gi tin, RTP s tng ch s th t ln 1. Router phi nghe tr li t tt c cc router trc khi n c th gi cc gi tin k tip. Thi gian xy dng bng topo cng ngn nu router khng phi truyn cc gi tin unicast.
Duy tr bng topology

C ba nguyn nhn lm cho mt bng topology phi c tnh ton li

Router nhn c mt thay i khi c mt mng mi. Mng mi ny c th l mt mng xa hoc mt cng kt ni trc tip ca router c up ln. Router thay i gi tr successor trong bng topology v bng nh tuyn trong cc tnh hung nh bng topology nhn c mt tr li hoc mt truy vn t cc router lng ging. Hoc trong mt tnh hung khc l c mt cu hnh lm thay i cost ca kt ni. Router nhn c mt thay i t router lng ging khi mt mng khng cn tn ti. Cc thay i ny c th l bng topology nhn c mt truy vn, mt gi tin tr li hoc mt cp nht ch ra rng mng xa ang b down. Mt tnh hung khc l bng router lng ging khng nhn c gi hello trong khong thi gian hold-time. Hoc mt mng l kt ni trc tip nhng b down.

Hnh 3-1: Duy tr bng topology

Thm mt network vo bng topology ca EIGRP Gi s mt router nm lp access kt ni vo mt h thng mng mi. Ngi qun tr mng kt ni v cu hnh mt cng Ethernet khc vo phng dch v m phng dch v ny di di sang mt to nh khc.
Hnh 3-2: cp nht bng vi mt router mi

Mt mng mi s c truyn n tt c cc router nh sau: - Ngay khi router nhn bit c c mt mng mi, router A bt u gi gi tin hello ra cc cng giao tip mi. S khng c router no tr li v y l mt router cho php kt ni n cc thit b u cui khc. S khng c entry no trong bng neighbor v khng c router lng ging no tr li gi tin hello. S c mt entry xut hin trong bng topology v y l mt mng mi - EIGRP sau khi nhn ra c mt thay i, bt buc phi gi mt cp nht n tt c cc router lng ging ca n v mng mi xut hin. Gi tr bit ban u ch ra rng cp nht s bao gm cc entry u tin trong qu trnh thit lp mt lng ging mi. Cc cp nht ny c theo di trong bng topology v bng neighnor bi v cc cp nht ny l hng kt ni. Cc gi tin ACK t cc router lng ging phi nhn c trong mt khong thi gian cho php.

Router A, sau khi thm mng mi vo bng topology, s cp nht lun mng mi ny vo bng nh tuyn. Mng mi s b nh du nh l passive bi v n ang hot ng. Khi cng vic ca routerA hon tt, RouterD s bt u. Do routerD hot ng nh mt thit b lp Distribution, routerA l router kt ni router A,B v C vo phn cn li ca mng. Cc router lng ging ca n s l cc router trn mi tng v cc router khc trong to nh. Sau khi nghe cp nht t routerA, router D bt u cp nht ch s th t trong bng neighbor v thm mng mi vo bng topo. Router s tnh gi tr FD v cc c i tt nht (successor) s c t vo bng nh tuyn. Sau router s gi mt cp nht n tt c cc router lng ging ca n, ngoi tr cc router A,B v C. Lut split horizon vn c tun th. Router B v C c cp nht trong cng mt cch v cng mt thI im nh routerD.

Xa mt ng i ra khi bng topology

Qu trnh xa mt ng i ra khi mt router EIGRP th phc tp hn. Trong qui trnh ny, ch n routerD: Nu mt mng kt ni n routerA l b down, routerA s cp nht bng topo, bng nh tuyn v gi mt cp nht n cc router lng ging. Khi routerD nhn c cp nhn, n s cp nht bng neighbor v bng topology ca n RouterD s tm mt ng i d phng. V ch c mt ng i duy nht n mng xa, s khng c ng i d phng no c tm thy. Router s gi mt truy vn n cc router lng ging ca n. ng i lc ny c nh du l active. Cc gi tin truy vn s c theo di. Khi tt c cc tr li l nhn c, Router s cp nht bng router lng ging v cc bng topology. Gii thut DUAL s bt u tnh ton ngay khi cc thay i v mng c cp nht. Gii thut ny s tnh ra ng i tt nht t vo bng nh tuyn V khng c ng i d phng no ang tn ti, cc router lng ging s tr li rng n khng c ng i. Trc khi cc router lng ging tr li, cc router ny s tip tc truy vn cc router lng ging ca n. Bng cch ny, qu trnh tm kim mt ng i d phng s m rng ra ton mng Khi khng c router no c kh nng cung cp ng i n mt mng no , tt c cc router s xa route ra khi bng topology ca n.

Tm mt ng i d phng v mt mng xa Khi ng i v mt mng no b mt, EIGRP s tm cc tuyn ng d phng. Qu trnh ny l mt trong nhng u im chnh ca EIGRP. Phng thc m EIGRP dng tm ng i d phng th rt nhanh v rt tin cy.
Hnh 3-3: Tm cc ng i d phng

Cc s kin sau y s xy ra khi router G b down: - RouterD gi traffic v routerG - RouterD s tm trong bng topology. Bng ny c tt c cc mng v ng i v mng ny xc nh xem c mt ng i d phng no khng. Ngha l routerD ang tm kim mt FS - Mt FS s c xc nh. Bng topo s c mt AD v mt FD cho tt c cc route hoc cc successor. Thng tin ny bao gm gi tr metric qua route s c chn la - RouterD s thm cc ng i d phng v routerX thng qua routerH. Cc ng i d phng ny s tm thy trong bng topology m khng b chuyn sang ch active bi v gi tr AD vn nh hn gi tr FD. Gi tr AD l 5. Gi tr FD l 15. Router cn phi gi cc cp nht n cc router lng ging ca b bi v gi tr AD thay i. - Nu router khng c mt gi tr FS, n s t route vo trng thi active khi n ang truy vn cc router khc v cc ng i d phng - Sau khi tm kim trong bng topology, n c mt ng i FS l tm thy, router s tr li li bng ng i d phng. ng i d phng s c thm vo bng topology. - Bng nh tuyn s c cp nht

Route s c t vo trng thi passive khi router chuyn v trng thi forwarding bnh thng cho n khi c mt thay i k tip trong mng Nu mt router lng ging c truy vn v khng c ng i d phng hoc FS, n s t route vo trng thi active v truy vn nhng router lng ging ca n Nu khng c bt c mt tr li no tm thy, cc gi tin s tip tc truyn cho n khi no n n ranh gii ca mng hoc ca AS.

Khi router gi ra mt gi tin truy vn, n s lu trong bng topology. C ch ny m bo cc gi tin tr li nhn c trong khong thi gian cho php. Nu mt router khng nhn c mt gi tr li, router lng ging s b xa ra khi bng lng ging. Tt c cc network hin c cha trong bng topology cho lng ging s c gi truy vn. Thng thong, do cc kt ni l chm do bng thng thp, cc vn mi c th xy ra. c bit l khi mt router khng nhn c cc tr li t tt c cc truy vn ang c gi ra. Trng thi ny gi l SIA. Cc router lng ging khng c tr li s b xa ra khi bng neighbor v gii thut DUAL s gi s rng c mt gi reply nhn c vi gi tr l v hn. The Diffusing Update Algorithm EIGRP s dng gii thut DUAL qung co cc route n cc lng ging v chn ng i n ch. Mt s khi nim dng trong gii thut ny nh sau: Feasible distance (FD) FD l metric nh nht i n ch theo mt tuyn xc nh.

Hnh 3-4: Gii thut DUAL

N e tw o r k 7 (20 ) (1 0 0 ) (10 0 ) A (1 0 0 )
D B H G

(10 )

(1 )
FD D I
C

(1 0 )

(1 0 0)
E

(20 )
F

T o p o lo g y T a b le

D e s tin a tio n 7 7 7

F e a s ib le D is ta n c e ( F D ) 1 0 0 +2 0 +1 0 =1 3 0 1 0 0 +1 +1 0 +1 0 =1 2 1 1 0 0 +1 0 0 +2 0 +1 0 +1 0 =2 4 0

N e ig h b o r H B D

Reported distance (RD) RD l metric i n ch c qung co bi upstream router EIGRP lng ging.

Hnh 3-5: Tnh ton gii thut DUAL

N e tw o r k 7 (20 ) (1 0 0 ) (10 0 ) A (1 0 0 )
D B H G

(10 )

(1 )
FD D I
C

(1 0 )

(1 0 0)
E

(20 )
F

T o p o lo g y T a b le

D e s tin a tio n 7 7 7

R e p o r t D is ta n c e ( F D ) 2 0 +1 0 =3 0 1 +1 0 +1 0 =2 1 1 0 0 +2 0 +1 0 +1 0 =1 4 0

N e ig h b o r H B D

Feasibility condition (FC) FC l iu kin yu cu RD < FD nhm m bo hnh thnh cc loop-free ng i khi xy dng bng topology. EIGRP successor Successor l router EIGRP lng ging tho mn iu kin FC v c metric nh nht i n ch. Successor c dng nh l next hop chuyn tip gi tin i n mng ch. Feasible successor Feasible successor l router EIGRP lng ging tho mn iu kin FC nhng khng c chn l Successor nn thng dng nh cc tuyn d phng.

Hnh 3-6: Tnh ton bng nh tuyn

N e tw o r k 7 (2 0) (1 0 0 ) (1 0 0 ) A (1 0 0 )
D B H G

(1 0 )

(1 )
FD D I
C

(1 0)

(10 0)
E

(2 0 )
F

R o ute r A R o u tin g ta b le H B D 7 121 B

T o p o lo g y T a b le

D e s tin a tio n 7 7 7

FD 130 121 240

RD 30 21 140

N e ig h b o r

B : s uc c es s or (F D = 1 2 1 ) H : fe a s ib le s u c c e s s o r ( 3 0 < 1 2 1 )

Router B c chn l successor v router B c FD nh nht (metric =121) n network 7 khi xut pht t A. chn feasible successor, router A kim tra RD ca cc router EIGRP lng ging (RD(H) = 30, RD(D) = 140) xem c nh hn FD ca successor hay khng ( FD = 121). Router H s c chn lm feasible successor v c RD = 30 nh hn FD =121 ca successor. Router D khng l successor hay feasible successor v c RD = 140 >121 v do khng tho mn iu kin FC. Passive route Passive route l router c mt successor ng i n ch. Active route Active route l router mt quyn lm successor v khng c feasible successor thay th, khi router phi tm cc route khc i n ch.
EIGRP Reliable Transport Protocol

C 5 loi gi tin EIGRP chia lm 2 loi: reliable EIGRP packet (Update, Query, Reply) v unreliable EIGRP packet ( Hello, Acknowledgment). Hello Gi tin Hello c dng thit lp quan h lng ging trn ng truyn. Acknowledgment Gi tin Acknowledgment c dng bo hiu nhm m bo phn phi tin cy cc gi tin EIGRP. Tt c cc gi tin EIGRP c gi n a ch multicast nhm EIGRP l 224.0.0.10. V c nhiu thit b nhn nn cn mt giao thc m bo phn phi tin cy cc gi tin EIGRP l giao thc RTP (Reliable Transport Protocol). Khi gi tin reliable EIGRP packet c gi n router EIGRP lng ging, router gi mong mun c hi p m bo gi tin ny gi n router EIGRP lng ging.

Update Gi tin Update cha cc cp nht nh tuyn EIGRP gi n EIGRP router EIGRP lng ging. Query Cc gi tin Query c gi n router EIGRP lng ging khi route khng sn sng v router cn bit trng thi ca route t hi t nhanh. Reply Cc gi tin Reply cha trng thi cc route c gi p li gi tin Query.
EIGRP h tr discontigous network v VLSM

Hnh 3-7
1 9 2 .1 6 8 .8 .1 /2 5
R o u te rA

.1

1 0 .1 .1 .0 /2 4

.2
R o u te r B

1 9 2 .1 6 8 .8 .1 2 9 /2 5

Router B kt ni vi mng 192.168.8.128/25 mun qung co n Router A qua mng 10.1.1.0/24. Mc nh , EIGRP l giao thc nh tuyn dng classful; Router B s tin hnh tm tt (autosummarize) mng ny v a ch lp mng mc nh. Do , Router B s qung co mng 192.168.8.0/24 n Router A. Do , m bo EIGRP h tr mng khng lin tc, ngi qun tr mng cn phi cu hnh:
RouterB(config-router)# no auto-summary

Khi router B s qung co mng 192.168.8.128/25 n Router A v gii quyt c vn mng khng lin tc.
EIGRP Summarization

C hai loi summarization trong EIGRP l autosummarization v manual summarization. Autosummarization c dng mc nh trn EIGRP, khi EIGRP mang c tnh tng t nh RIP v IGRP. Ngha l khi gi cp nht nh tuyn th router s t ng tm tt route v major network boundary.

Hnh 3-8: Qu trnh summarization ca EIGRP

1 3 2 .1 6 8 .1 .0

R1

1 9 2 .1 6 8 .2 .0

R2

1 3 2 .1 6 8 .0 .0

hnh trn, router R1 gi cp nht v mng 132.168.1.0 n R2 thng qua major network l 192.168.2.0. R1 s t ng tm tt route ny (autosummarizes) v classful boundary l mng 132.168.0.0 v gi n R2. V do , s c s xut hin trong trng

hp mng khng lin tc discontiguous network. Manual summarization l ta cu hnh summarization trn cc cng giao tip ca router bng lnh:
Router (config-if)# ip summary-address eigrp <AS number> address mask

C th thc hin summarization trn tt c cc loi cng giao tip trn router (cn OSPF th ch tm tt ti cc router bin ABR v ASBR), khi router ngay lp tc s to ra route v null 0 vi AD l 5 nhm ngn chn routing loop. Khi route cui cng c tm tt xong, summary route s b xo.

Hnh 3-9: cu hnh summary route

1 9 2 .1 6 8 .9 .x 2 .. 1 11 39 2 1 66 88 . .81. x. 0 1 9 2 .1 6 8 .1 0 .x

AS 1 1 9 2 .1 6 8 .8 .0 /2 2
R1

S0

interface s0 ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.252 ip summary-address eigrp 1 192.168.8.0 255.255.252.0

v d trn, router R1 tm tt a ch 192.168.8.0/24, 192.168.9.0/24 v 192.168.10.0/24 thnh 192.168.8.0/22. Vic thc hin summarization trong EIGRP nhm gim kch thc bng nh tuyn v s ln cp nht gip d dng nng cp khi m rng mng EIGRP.
EIGRP Query Process

EIGRP khng da vo thi gian flush timer nh IGRP m EIGRP s tin hnh tm cc tuyn ng b mt kt ni t c thi gian hi t nhanh. Tin trnh ny gi l qu trnh truy vn (query process). Khi , cc gi tin truy vn s c gi i khi cc tuyn b mt kt ni. Lc ny route c xem l ang trng thi active. Cc gi tin truy vn c gi n tt c cc router EIGRP lng ging ngoi tr router lm successor. Nu cc router lng ging khng c thng tin v tuyn b mt th cc gi tin query tip tc c gi n cc router lng ging khc cho n khi ht AS. Khi gi tin query c gi i, router phi ch hi p t router lng ging trc khi router thc hin tnh ton chn successor. Nu trong khong thi gian 3 pht m router lng ging khng hi p li, router c gi l stuck in active (SIA), v router s tin hnh thit lp li quan h lng ging.
Default Routes v EIGRP

Khng ging IGRP, EIGRP xem route 0.0.0.0/0 nh l default route v cho php route ny phn phi route vo EIGRP domain. EIGRP cng s dng lnh ip defaultnetwork qung b default route ging nh IGRP. Lnh ny ch nh a ch ca major network v nh du l default route.
1 0 .x .x .x
R o u te r 1 R o u te r2

D S - 3 L in k

R e m o te S ite N e tw o r k

EIGRP khng nhn bit c route 0.0.0.0, do cn cu hnh trn router 1 lnh ip default-network 192.168.1.0 ch nh mng 192.168.1.0 lm default route. Khi router remote site nhn thng tin v mng 192.168.1.0, n s nh du default route v thit lp route i n mng 192.168.1.0 lm gateway of last resort.
Unequal-Cost Load Balancing in EIGRP

EIGRP t ng cn bng ti qua nhng ng c cng gi tr cost. Ta c th cu hnh cn bng ti qua nhng ng c cost khng bng nhau bng cch s dng lnh variance nh IGRP:

Router(config-router)#variance var

Trong :var l mt s t 1->128, mc nh l 1(equal-cost). Nu var>1, th ta s ly var nhn vi metric ca ng c cost nh nht to thnh s a. Nu nhng ng no c metric nh hn s a th nhng ng s c cn bng ti.S traffic c gi ra mi lin kt s t l vi metric cho ng . Mt ng n mng A c 4 ng t F v ng c metric tt nht l 10.

Hnh 3-10: Cu hnh cn bng ti trn EIGRP

Gi s ta cu hnh variance l 2 th s a s l 2*10=20, vy nhng ng no t F n mng A c metric <20 s c cn bng ci: F->D->B->A(15); F->C->B->A(15); F->C>G->A(10), v c cn bng theo t l: 1:1:2. Li ch ca tnh nng cn bng ti ny l tng kh nng linh ng, s dng hiu qu ng truyn. Mt v d khc nh hnh 311:

Hnh 3-11: V d cu hnh variance

R o u te r3

S0
R o u te r 1

1544 kbps 256 kbps

S0
R o u te r2

S1

S1

1 3 3 .3 3 .0 .0

Router 1 tnh ton metric n router 3. Metric n router 3 khi qua ng T1 (1544Kbps) l:

EIGRP metric = (6476 + 2100)*256 = 8576*256 = 2195456 Metric n router 3 khi qua ng 256Kbps l: EIGRP metric = (3902(3902) + 2100)*256 = 41162*256 = 10537472 Nu khng thc hin cn bng ti, EIGRP s chn tuyn T1 chuyn tip gi tin n router 3, bng nh tuyn trn router 1 s nh sau:
Router_1#show ip route 133.33.0.0 Routing entry for 133.33.0.0/16 Known via "eigrp 1", distance 90, metric 2195456 Redistributing via eigrp 1 Advertised by eigrp 1 (self originated) Last update from 192.168.6.2 on Serial0, 00:00:20 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 192.168.6.2, from 192.168.6.2, 00:00:20 ago, via Serial0 Route metric is2195456, traffic share count is 1 Total delay is 21000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes Loading 1/255, Hops 0

Khi s dng tnh nng cn bng ti unequal-cost. Metric qua tuyn 256 kbps ln hn 4.8 ln metric qua tuyn T1. s dng c tuyn 256 kbps cn s dng lnh:
router(config-router)# variance 5

Khi , bng nh tuyn trn router 1 nh sau:

Router_1#show ip route 133.33.0.0 Routing entry for 133.33.0.0/16 Known via "eigrp 1", distance90, metric 2195456 Redistributing via eigrp 1 Advertised by eigrp 1 (self originated)

Last update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial1, 00:01:02 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 192.168.6.2, from 192.168.6.2, 00:01:02 ago, via Serial0 Route metric is2195456, traffic share count is 5 Total delay is 21000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes Loading 1/255, Hops 0 10.1.1.2, from 10.1.1.2, 00:01:02 ago, via Serial1 Route metric is10537472, traffic share count is 1 Total delay is 21000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 256Kbit Reliability 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes Loading 1/255, Hops 0

Ta thy cng Serial 0 c traffic share count l 5, Serial 1 c traffic share count l 1 ngha l khi router s gi 5 gi tin qua cng serial 0 th ch 1 gi tin c gi qua cng serial 1.
Thit k mng EIGRP EIGRP c thit k hot ng trong mt mng rt ln. Tuy nhin EIGRP cng ging nh OSPF, i hi nhiu yu t thit k. Cc yu cu mi thng xuyn yu cu nhiu bng thng v cc ti nguyn khc t mng.

Cc yu t nh hng n kh nng m rng ca EIGRP l Tng s thng tin c gi gia cc router lng ging Tng s router gi cc routing update Cc router cch xa nhau bao nhiu Tng s cc ng i thay th n mt mng ch.

Mt mng EIGRP thit k km c th dn n cc kt qu sau:

Route b SIA

Mng b nghn do delay,cc thng tin nh tuyn b mt, cc route b mt hay phi truyn li Router ht b nh CPU b qu ti Cc kt ni tr nn km tin cy.

Cc gii php cho vn m rng EIGRP

a ch mng c cp pht phi lin tc c th thc hin qu trnh summarization Mng nn a thit k theo tng lp cho php qu trnh summarization Cc thit b phi ti nguyn Phi bng thng trn cc kt ni WAN Cu hnh EIGRP ph hp trn cc kt ni WAN. Mc nh EIGRP dng 50% bng thng ca ng truyn cho cc traffic. Gi tr mc nh ny c th thay i c. Nn dng cc c ch filter Nn dng cc c ch gim st mng

Cu hnh EIGRP

Bt qu trnh nh tuyn EIGRP trn router:S dng lnh: Router(config)#router eigrp AS

nh ngha cc interface c php qung b: S dng lnh: Router(config-router)#network prefix

T IOS 12.0 tr ln, bn c th xc nh wildcard mask khi cu hnh lnh ny: Router(config-router)#network prefix Wildcard

Summarization vi EIGRP: im khc bit gia EIGRP v OSPF l ch: OSPF ch thc hin summarize cc bin ca vng. EIGRP do khng s dng khi nim vng nn n c th thc hin summarize trn bt c router no trong mng. quyt nh ch no s thc hin summarize l ty thuc vo cch thit k. Nu khng cu hnh summarize th mc nh EIGRP s t ng summarize ranh gii cc a ch lp mng khc nhau. C 2 lnh lin quan n summarize l: no auto-summary v ip summary- address; lnh ny c gn vo tan router, hay cu hnh trn tt c interface. Cn lnh ip summary address c cu hnh ch cng giao tip ca router:

Router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp AS Address SubnetMask

Trong : AS l vng qun tr ca EIGRP. Cc thng s Address v subnet mask l a ch v SM m ta mun summary. Cn nu mun tt ch t ng summary, ta s dng lnh: Router(config-router)#no auto-summary

S dng lnh bandwidth-percent: Router(config-if)#ip bandwidth-percent eigrp AS percent

Xc minh hat ng ca EIGRP:

Show ip eigrp neighbors: xem thng tin chi tit v cc neighbor.

V d: Router# show ip eigrp neighbors IP-EIGRP Neighbors for process 100 Address interface Holdtime Uptime Q Seq SRTT RTO (secs) (h:m:s) Count Num (ms) (ms) 140.100.48.22 Ethernet1 13 0:00:41 0 11 4 20 140.100.32.22 Ethernet0 14 0:02:01 0 10 12 24 140.100.32.31 Ethernet0 12 0:02:02 0 4 5 2

* Show ip eigrp topology: Xem thng tin chi tit v nhng ng c gi trong bng topology ca router, cc network v nhng ng n mng , next hop

Router# show ip eigrp topology

IP-EIGRP Topology Table for process 100 Codes:P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - Reply status P 140.100.56.0 255.255.255.0, 2 successors, FD is 0 via 140.100.32.22 (46251776/46226176), Ethernet0 via 140.100.48.22 (46251776/46226176), Ethernet1 via 140.100.32.31 (46277376/46251776), Ethernet0 P 140.100.48.0 255.255.255.0, 1 successors, FD is 307200 via Connected, Ethernet1 via 140.100.48.22 (307200/281600), Ethernet1 140.100.32.22 (307200/281600), Ethernet0 via 140.100.32.31 (332800/307200), Ethernet0

Show ip eigrp topology all: xem thng tin chitit v nhng ng v nhng ng d phng trong bng topo. Show ip eigrp traffic: xem thng tin v cc traffic c gi v nhn t qu trnh EIGRP.

Router# show ip eigrp traffic IP-EIGRP Traffic Statistics for process 100 Hellos sent/received: 218/205 Updates sent/received: 7/23 Queries sent/received: 2/0 Replies sent/received: 0/2 Acks sent/received: 21/14

Cc lnh debug ca EIGRP

debug eigrp packet: Xem thng tin v nhng packet eigrp c gi v nhn debug eigrp neighbors: Xem cc gi tin hello c gi v nhn gia router v nhng neighbors ca n. debug ip eigrp route: Xem nhng thay i v bng nh tuyn. debug ip eigrp summary: Xem thng tin tm tt v cc qu trnh ca EIGRP, gm: neighbors, distance,filtering, and redistribution.