Ngy son:07/01/13

Ngy ging : 10,11/01/13

Lp :

Tun
Tit

A THC MT BIN

I. MC TIU
1. Kin thc : Cng c cho HS th no l a thc mt bin, bc ca a thc mt bin
2. K nng : Rn k nng vn dng cc kin thc vo vic gii cc dng bi tp: thu gn a thc, sp xp
a thc, cng tr a thc
3. Thi : HS nghim tc trong hc tp, yu thch mn hc.
II. PHNG TIN DY HC
1. Gio vin : Gio n, SGK, SGV, SBT
2. Hc sinh : V ghi, SGK, hc bi c, dng hc tp.
III.PHNG PHP : Nu vn
IV. TIN TRNH DY HC
1.n nh t chc : Kim tra s s, kim tra s chun b ca hc sinh
2.Bi mi
HOT NG CA GV v HS
NI DUNG
Hot ng 1 : n tp l thuyt
GV: Th no l a thc mt bin?
* a thc mt bin l tng ca nhng n thc ca
HS tr li
cng mt bin.
GV: ch r A l a thc ca bin x, ta vit nh ch r A l a thc ca bin x, ta vit A(x).
th no?
* Bc ca a thc mt bin(khc a thc khng,
GV : Bc ca a thc mt bin l g?
thu gn) l s m ln nht ca bin trong a thc .
HS tr li
H s t do l h s ca ly tha bc 0
GV : cng, tr a thc mt bin, ta phi lm
* cng, tr a thc mt bin, ta c th thc hi
th no?
theo mt trong hai cch sau:
HS tr li
- Thc hin theo cch cng, tr a thc hc
- Sp xp cc hng t ca hai a thc theo ly tha
gim(hoc tng) ca bin, ri t php tnh theo ct
dc tng t nh cng, tr cc s(n thc ng
dng cng mt ct)
Hot ng 2 : Bi tp vn dng
2.1: : Tm bc ca a thc sau:
Bi 1
a. 5x6 - 2x5 + x4 - 3x3 - 5x6 + x2 + 5
a. - 2x5 + x4 - 3x3 + x2 + 5 c bc l 5
b. 15 - 2x2 + x3 + 2x2 - x3 + x
b. 15 + x c bc l 1
7
4
7
5
c. 3x + x - 3x + x + x + 4
c. x5 + x4 + x + 4 c bc l 5
d. - 2004
d. - 2004 c bc l 0
GV cho HS ng ti ch tr li
2.2: Vit cc a thc sau theo lu tha tng ca Bi 2
bin v tm bc ca chng.
Ta c:
4
3
4
2
3
f(x) = 5 - 6x + 2x + x + 5x + x + 3x
f(x) = 5 + x + x2 + 5x3 - x4 c bc l 4
5
4
4
5
g(x) = x + x - 3x + 7 - 2x - x
g(x) = 7 - 3x - x4 c bc l 4
GV yu cu 1 HS ln bng lm bi
1 HS ln bng lm bi
2.3: Vit cc a thc sau theo lu tha gim dn Bi 3
ca bin v tm h s bc cao nht, h s t do
h(x) = 3x5 - 7x4 + x3 + 4x2 - x + 75
ca chng.
H s bc cao nht ca h(x) l 3

h(x) = 5x2 + 9x5 - 7x4 - x2 - 6x5 + x3 + 75 - x

g(x) = 2x3 + 5 - 7x4 - 6x3 + 3x2 - x5
GV yu cu 1 HS ln bng lm bi
1 HS ln bng lm bi
GV : Mt a thc mt bin bc n lun vit c
y t ly tha bc cao nht (bc n) n ly
tha bc 0. Trc khi tm bc, h s cao nht, h
s t do, ca mt a thc mt bin, ta cn phi
thu gn a thc .
HS nghe GV nhn xt.
2.4: n gin biu thc sau:
a. (a2 -0,45a +1,2)+(0,8a2 - 1,2a) - (1,6a2 - 2a)
b. (y2 - 1,75y - 3,2) - (0,3y2 + 4) - (2y - 7,2)
c. 6x2 - 2x2 - (7x2 + 4x + 1) - (x - 2x2 - 1)
d. -(2a3 - a2 + a) + 3a3 - 4a - (5a2 - a3)
GV gi 2 HS ln bng lm bi
2 HS ln bng lm bi
2.5: Xc nh h s ca a thc P(x)=mx+12 bit
P(2) = 34
GV : P(2) = 34 c ngha g?
HS: Thay x = 2 vo, ta c : 2m + 12 = 34
GV : t , hy tm ra m
GV gi 1 HS ln bng lm bi
2.6: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc
(7a3 - 6a3 + 5a2 + 1) + (5a3 + 7a2 + 3a)
- (10a3 + a2 + 8a)
vi a = - 0,25
GV : tnh gi tr biu thc, trc tin ta cn
lm g ?
HS : Ta cn thu gn a thc
GV gi 1 HS ln bng lm bi

H s t do l 75.
g(x) = - x5 - 7x4 - 4x3 + 3x2 + 5
H s bc cao nht ca g(x) l 1
H s t do l 5.

Bi 4
a. a2 + 0,8a2 - 1,6a2 - 0,45a - 1,2a + 2a + 1,2
= 0,2a2 + 0,35a + 1,2
b. y2 - 0,3y2 - 1,75y - 2y - 3,2 + 7,2
= 0,7y2 - 3,75y + 4
c. 4x2 - 7x2 + 2x2 - 4x - x - 1 + 1 = - x2 - 5x
d. - 2a3 + 3a3 + a3 + a2 - 5a2 - a - 4a = 2a3 - 4a2 - 5a
Bi 5
P(2) = 34
2m + 12 = 34 m = 11
Vy P(x) = 11x + 12

Bi 6
7a3 - 6a3 + 5a2 + 1) + (5a3 + 7a2 + 3a)
- (10a3 + a2 + 8a)
= 7a3 - 6a3 +5a2 +1 + 5a3 +7a2 +3a -10a3 -a2 - 8a
= - 4a3 + 11a2 - 5a + 1
Vi a = - 0,25 th gi tr ca biu thc l:
4(- 0,25)3 + 11. (- 0,25)2 - 5.(- 0,25) + 1
= 4(- 0,015625) + 11 (- 0,0625) - 1,25 + 1
= 0,0625 - 0,6875 - 0,25 = - 0,875
2.7 : Cho a thc: P(x) = 4x4 + 2x.x3 x4 x2 + Bi 7
2x.x2 3x4 x2 + 5
a. P(x) = 4x4+ 2x4 x4 x2 + 2x3 3x4 x2 + 5
a/ Sp xp a thc theo lu tha gim ca bin x.
= 2x4 + 2x3 2x2 + 5
b. P(-2) = 2.(-2)4 + 2.(-2)3 2.(-2)2 + 5
1
b/ Tnh P(-2)
P(- )
= 32 + (-16) 8 + 5 = 13
2
GV gi 1 HS ln bng lm bi
GV : ? P(2)
HS : Thay x = 2 vo P(x), tnh gi tr biu thc
1 HS ln bng lm bi
2.8: Cho hai a thc:
A x x 3 5x 2 2x

P(-

Bi 8
a.

B x x3 x 1

Tnh:

a. A x B x

b. A x B x

c. B x A x

1
1
1
1
) = 2.( )4 + 2.(- )3 2.(- )2 + 5
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
35
=
+ (- ) +5=
8
4
2
8
A x x 3 5x 2 2x
B x x3

x 1

A x B x 2x 3 5x 2 x 1

GV : cng, tr cc a thc trn, ta cn lm g?

HS: Sp xp cc a thc theo ly tha gim ca
bin, ri t php tnh theo ct dc tng t nh
cng, tr cc s(n thc ng dng cng mt
ct)
GV gi HS ln bng lm bi

A x x 3 5x 2 2x
B x x3

A x B x

B x x3

GV gi HS ln bng thc hin cu a

1 HS ln bng lm bi
GV : C(x) + A(x) = B(x) + x 5x ?
HS : C(x) = B(x) + x 5x A(x)
GV gi 1 HS ln bng tm C(x)
1 HS ln bng lm bi

2.10: Cho cc a thc :

A = x2 2x y2 + 3y 1.
B = - 2x2 + 3y2 5x + y + 3.
C = 3x2 2xy + 7y2 3x 5y 6.
Tnh A + B C
GV gi 1 HS ln bng lm bi

5x 2 3x 1 c/
x 1

A x x 3 5x 2 2x

B x A x
2.9 : Cho A(x) = 2x2 3x4 x + 5
B(x) = -3x2 5x4 x + 5x
a/ Tnh A(x) + B(x) v A(x) B(x)
b/ Tm C(x) sao cho:
C(x) + A(x) = B(x) + x 5x

x 1

5x 2 3x 1

Bi 9
a. A(x) + B(x)
= (2x2 3x4 x + 5)+ (-3x2 5x4 x + 5x)
= 2x2 3x4 x + 5 - 3x2 5x4 x + 5x
= ( 3x4 5x4 ) + (2x2 - 3x2 ) + ( x x + 5x) + 5
= -8x4 x2 + 3x + 5
A(x) - B(x)
= (2x2 3x4 x + 5) - (-3x2 5x4 x + 5x)
= 2x2 3x4 x + 5 + 3x2 + 5x4 + x - 5x
= ( 3x4+ 5x4 ) + (2x2 + 3x2 ) + ( x+ x - 5x) + 5
= 2x4 + 5x2 - 5x + 5
b. C(x) + A(x) = B(x) + x 5x
C(x) = B(x) + x 5x A(x)
C(x) = -3x2 5x4 2x2 + 3x4 + x 5
C(x) = ( 5x4 + 3x4 )+ (-3x2 2x2 ) + x
C(x) = 2x4 5x2 + x
Bi 10
A + B C = A + B + (-C)
= (x2 2x y2 + 3y 1) + ( -2x2 - 5x + 3y2 + y
+ 3) + ( 3x2 + 3x - 7y2 + 5y + 6 + 2xy)
= x2 2x y2 +3y 1 - 2x2 - 5x + 3y2 + y + 3
+ 3x2 +3x - 7y2 + 5y + 6 + 2xy
= -4x2 -4x - 5y2 + 9y + 8 + 2xy
Bi 11
P(2) = 4a + 2b + c
P(-1) = a b + c
P(2) + P(-1) = 4a + 2b + c + a b + c
= 5a + b + 2c = 0
P(2) = -P(-1)
P(2)P(-1) = -P(-1)P(-1) = -[P(-1)]2 0

2.11 : Cho a thc P(x) = ax2 + bx + c.

Chng t : nu 5a + b + 2c = 0 th P(2)P(-1) 0
GV : P(2) = ?
HS : P(2) = 4a + 2b + c
GV : P(-1) = ?
HS : P(-1) = a b + c
GV : Nhn xt g v P(2) + P(- 1) ?
HS : P(2) + P(-1) = 5a + b + 2c = 0
GV : ?
HS : P(2) = -P(-1)
GV : T , hy chng minh P(2)P(-1) 0
1 HS ln bng lm bi
3.Cng c : Nhc li th no l a thc ? Bc ca a thc
4.Hng dn v nh :
- n li kin thc va n, xem li cc bi tp lm.