CHNG 1 :

VAT LIEU THEP TRONG XAY DNG

Nguon goc thep :

T quang sat gang (C% 1.7) bang lo cao (tr dung, than coc) (ot chay bt
C) thep co C% < 1.7.
T phoi thep thep (can).

Thep = (%Fe) + (%C)

Phan loai thep theo :
a. Thanh phan hoa hoc

Thep cacbon : < 1.7 % (C)

-

Thep cacbon thap la thep co ham lng cacbon C 0.22%, thep mem, de han (mild
steel, weldable steel).
Thep cacbon va co ham lng cacbon 0.25 ~ 0.5%.
Thep cacbon cao co ham lng cacbon 0.60 ~ 1.2%.

Thep cacbon va va cao eu cng, kho gia cong, kho han, ch dung cho c kh.

Thep hp kim : them cac thanh phan kim loai khac nh Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, V, Ti nang o
ben, chong r.
-

Thep hp kim thap : t le cac nguyen to khac < 2.5%.

Thep hp kim va: khong lam KCT
Thep hp kim cao: khong lam KCT

Tnh chat cac thanh phan phu :

Mn : tang cng o (ben), o dai (<1.5%).

Si : chat kh oxy, tang cng o, giam tnh chong r, tnh de han (< 0.3%).
P, S : chat co hai, giam tnh deo, o dai, gion nhiet o thap va cao, de nt khi han
(< 0.05%).
Cac kh N2, O2 (trong khong kh) : lam gion, giam cng o.

b. Phng phap luyen thep

-

Lo quay (Bessmer) : chat lng khong tot nhng co nang suat cao. Gan ay, lo thoi
oxy co chat lng tng ng thep lo bang.
Lo bang (Martin) : chat lng tot, ong nhat nhng nang suat thap, chi ph cao.

c. Phng phap lang thep

KCT\C1-Vatlieuthep

Thep soi (Rimming steel) : chat lng khong tot, de pha hoai gion, lao hoa.
Thep tnh (Fully-killed steel) : chu lc ong va dao ong, kho pha hoai gion
Thep na tnh (Semi-killed steel) : gia hai loai tren

C = 0.14 ~ 0.22%, Mn = 0.3 ~ 0.6% (soi), 0.4 ~ 0.65% (tnh va na tnh), Si = 0.07%
(soi), 0.05 ~ 0.17% (na tnh), 0.12 ~ 0.3% (tnh).
d. Theo cng o thep
-

Thep cacbon thap, cng o thng : CCT34, CCT38, CCT42 (Viet Nam), BCT3
(Nga), A36 (36 ksi = 250 N/mm2), A53, A501 (My) lam thep ong
(ch = 220 ~ 250 N/mm2, b = 370 ~ 420 N/mm2)

Thep cacbon cng o kha cao, thep hp kim thap : Mn2, 14Mn2,16MnSi (Viet
Nam), 142, 092C (Nga), A529, A570 (My)
(ch = 290 ~ 390 N/mm2, b = 430 ~ 540 N/mm2)

Thep hp kim thap cng o cao (thep cacbon nhiet luyen hoac thep hp kim) :

162A, 122CM (Nga), A852, A514 (My)

(ch > 440 N/mm2, b > 590 N/mm2)

Ngoai ra, con co thep cacbon ket cau chat lng tot : C15, C15Mn (Viet Nam), 18
(Nga).
Di ay la thep dung trong ket cau thep theo TCVN, mot so nc ngoai e tham khao,
theo ASTM (Hoa Ky)
Bng 1-1 Thp cc bon TCVN 1765 : 1975
Gii hn chy fy , [N/mm2]

dn di [%]

cho dy t [mm]

cho dy t (mm]

bn
Mc thp

ko fu ,
N/mm2

20

20 < t 40

40 < t 100

20

Khng nh hn

20 < t 40

> 40

Khng nh hn

CT31

310

23

22

20

CT33s

310 400

35

34

32

CT33n, CT33

320 420

34

33

31

CT34s

330 420

220

210

200

33

32

30

CT34n, CT34

340 440

230

220

210

32

31

29

CT38s

370 470

240

230

220

27

26

24

KCT\C1-Vatlieuthep

CT38n, CT38

380 490

250

240

230

26

25

23

CT38nMn

380 500

250

240

230

26

25

23

CT42s

410 520

260

250

240

25

24

22

CT42n, CT42

420 540

270

260

250

24

23

21

CT51n, CT51

510 640

290

280

270

20

19

17

CT52nMn

460 600

290

280

270

20

19

17

CT61n, CT61

610

320

310

300

15

14

12

Bng 1 - 2 Tnh nng c hc ca mt s loi thp nc ngoi (Tham kho)

ng sut gii hn nh
Nc

Nga
Lin x c
(
Hay TY)

Hoa k
(theo
ASTM)

Anh

Chu u
(EN)

Nht
(JIS
G3101)

K hiu thp

Loi thp

nht [N/mm2]
Chy fy

bn t fu

Ghi ch

321

Thp cacbon si

225

360

3c51

Thp cacbon lng

245

370

Thp tm

092

Thp hp kim thp

305

440

11mm 12mm

09 2C

Thp hp kim thp

325

470

142

Thp hp kim thp

355

470

15X

Thp hp kim thp

345

490

Thp tm

10X

Thp hp kim thp

390

530

4mm 32mm

A36

Thp cacbon

250

400

Cc loi thp cn

A500 gr.C

Thp cacbon

345

427

Thp ng

A570 gr.50

Thp cacbon

345

450

Thp cun v tm

A572 gr.50

Thp hp kim thp

345

450

Thp tm v hnh

A607 gr.65

Thp hp kim thp

450

550

Chng r

A514

Thp hp kim nhit

luyn

690

760

Thp tm

BS 4360 gr.40

Thp kc khng hp kim

240

340

BS 4360 gr.43

Thp kc khng hp kim

275

410

BS 4360 gr.50

Thp kc khng hp kim

355

480

BS 4360 gr.55

Thp hp kim thp

450

550

S235

Thp kc khng hp kim

235

340

S275

Thp kc khng hp kim

275

410

S355

Thp kc khng hp kim

355

490

S460

Thp hp kim thp

460

550

SS330

Thp kt cu cn nng

205

330

SS400

Thp kt cu cn nng

245

400

SS490

Thp kt cu cn nng

275

490

KCT\C1-Vatlieuthep

16 mm

16 mm

16 mm
3

Trung
Quc

Uc

SS540

Thp kt cu cn nng

400

540

S 3 (hay Q235)

Thp cacbon

235

370

16Mn (hay Q345)

Thp hp kim thp

345

510

15MnV (hay
Q390)

Thp hp kim thp

390

530

AS 3678 gr.250

Thp tm

250

410

50 mm

AS 3678 gr.300

Thp tm

300

430

20 mm

AS 3679 gr.250

Thp hnh

250

410

40 mm

AS 3679 gr.350

Thp hnh

340

480

40 mm

16 mm

Ghi ch: Cc k hiu thp nu trong bng ny ch gm k t gc ni ln tnh cht c hc, khng ghi cc
k t ui ni ln c im s dng v ch to ca thp / Thp c chung k t gc u dng
c tr s cho trong bng, v d: thp Anh BS 4360 gr.40B hay gr.40C dng c tr s ca BS
4360 gr. 40; thp chu u S355JOC dng tr s nh S355; thp Trung quc Q235BYF dng c
tr s nh Q235.

Bng 1-3: Gii hn chy v gii hn bn ca thp thng dng trong xy dng theo ASTM
Tn thp theo ASTM
A36
A53 Cp B
A242

Loi thp
Thp cacbon
Thp cacbon
Thp hp kim thp
cng cao

A441 ngng sn xut t 1989, thay th bi A573152

A500 Cp A
Thp cacbon, loi
Cp B
thanh trn
Cp C
Cp A
Thp cacbon, loi
Cp B
thanh hnh
Cp C
A501
Thp cacbon
A514
Thp hp kim, ti v
nhit luyn
A529
Thp cacbon
A570 Cp 40
Thp cacbon
Cp 45
Cp 50
A572 Cp 42
Thp hp kim thp
Cp 50
columbi hay vanai
Cp 60
cng cao
Cp 65
A588
Thp hp kim thp
cng cao
A606
A607 Cp 45
KCT\C1-Vatlieuthep

Thp hp kim thp

cng cao
Thp hp kim thp

Gii hn chy cc
tiu (N/mm2)
250
240
290
315
345

Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm2)
400-550
415
435
460
480

228
290
317
269
317
345
250
620
690
290
275
310
345
190
345
415
450
290
315
345
310
345
310

310
400
427
310
400
427
400
690-895
760-895
414-586
380
415
450
415
450
520
550
435
460
485
450
480
410
4

Cp 50
Cp 55
Cp 60
Cp 65
Cp 70
A611 Cp C
Cp D
Cp E
A618 Cp I,II
Cp III
A709 Cp 36
Cp 50
Cp 50W
Cp100&100W
Cp100&100W

columbi hay vanai

cng cao

Thp cacbon
Thp hp kim thp
cng cao
Thp cacbon, thp
hp kim thp cng
cao, thp hp
kim, ti v nhit
luyn

340
380
410
450
480
230
275
550
345
345
250
345
345
620
690

450
480
520
550
590
330
360
565
485
450
400-550
450
485
690-895
760-895

Hnh H1 1 : Cach ghi Qui cach thep I

KCT\C1-Vatlieuthep