9.

1.
2.


1 T Hilbert X X

, T T T X
*

TT * T *T , T X
T X X ,
1
T X .
T * T

 T T *
x, y X

Tx, y x, Ty

(1)

.
.

T T TT I
*

I X

(2)

X
,2, T X .

T 2.
2
.
T 2iI T * 2iI

TT * T *T 4I T ,

T .


1 T X

,T 0 x X ,

Tx, x 0

(3)

T 0 Tx, x 0

3 x X
x, y X v x y

0 Tv , v Tx Ty, x y
| | Tx , x Ty , y Tx , y Ty , x
2

Tx , y Ty , x

(4)

i i 4

Tx , y Ty , x 0

1 4

(5)

Tx , y Ty , x 0

(6)

56, Tx , y 0 ,

x, y X T 0 .
1 T Hilbert X
T

x X Tx , x .

T, x X,

Tx , x x , Tx Tx , x ,
Tx , x
, x X Tx , x ,

Tx , x Tx , x x , T x T x , x ,
(T T ) x , x 0 . 1T T *

T .

, T1 T2 X
T1 T2 .

2 T1 T2 Hilbert X
, T1 T2 T1 T2 T2 T1 .

(T1 T2 )* T2* T1* T2 T1 ,

T1 T2 T1 T2 T2 T1 .

3 {Tn } X
lim Tn T T X.
n

|| Tn T || 0( n )

|| (Tn T )* |||| Tn T || lim Tn* T *

n

*
T
n lim Tn T
n

T * T ..
,
.

4 U V Hilbert X

U , x X

|| U x || || x || ;
2 X {0} || U || 1
3 U 1
4 UV
5 U n , n 1, 2, X
{U n } A A.

1,

|| Ux || Ux ,Ux x ,U Ux x , x || x ||
2

2 1.
3 U ,U 1
1 *

(U ) U
1

**

1 1

U (U )

U .
4 U V
U V

(U V ) V U V U
*

(U V )

U V .
5 n U n A

|| U n A |||| U n A || 0
*

Un Un I .
U n A , A A lim
n
*

*
AA
I . A ..

41
.
1 X l 2 T l 2
2
(

,
)

l
1 2 3

T (1 , 2 , 3 , ) (0, 1 , 2 , ).
T l 2 l 2

|| T (1 , 2 , 3 , ) || | i | ||(1 , 2 , ) || .
2

i 1

X
T . T l 2
0. T ,
. T l 2 .

5 T Hilbert X
T
T .

4.

T X X T

 x X

T Tx , x Tx , Tx x , x ,
*

(T T I ) x , x 0 .1T *T I .
*

T X T 1 X
1

T T I T TT T .
*

T T . T ..
*

.
T Hilbert X ,

T T
T T
A
,B
2
2i
*

A B , T A iB
A B T

T A iB T .

T Hilbert X

A iB T
T AB BA .

T * ( A iB)* A* iB* A iB,

TT * ( A iB)( A iB) A2 B 2 iAB iBA,

T *T ( A iB)( A iB) A2 B 2 iBA iAB,

 T *T TT *

BA AB BA AB
AB BA ..

T Hilbert X

T
x X , || T * x |||| Tx ||.

T *T T T * ,
x X ,

|| T * x ||2 T * x , T * x TT * x , x
T *Tx , x Tx , Tx || Tx ||2
*
||
T
x |||| Tx || .

*
x

X
||
T
x |||| Tx || ,
:
,

(T *T TT * ) x , x T *Tx , x TT * x , x

|| Tx || || T x || 0
2

1T *T TT * T X.