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thng
4.3 S lung d liu cua chc nng theo doi qua trinh din bin lng
cua h thng
4.4 S lung d liu cua chc nng giai quyt chinh sach cua h thng
4.5 S lung d liu cua chc nng bao cao cua h thng
Qun l quan h vi khch hng, c ng, v cng chng. Cc phn mm ERP c xy dng thng hp nht cc thng l tt nht nhiu hot ng tc nghip khc nhau ca cng ty. Do , cng ty c th d dng p dng cc thng l tt nht thng qua vic ci t mt h thng ERP.
ERP thng c xem nh phn mm h tr hiu qu nht trong cng tc qun l v mi trng kinh doanh. V d nh qui trnh t hng, ERP nhn n hng t khch hng, sau s tnh c chi ph v thi gian sn xut da vo nh mc nguyn vt liu v lng nguyn liu hng ho tn trong kho ca cng ty, lch trnh sn xut v nng lc sn xut t k hoch cung ng. T cho ta bit c thi gian d kin v tin giao hng. Tt c cc nhn vin phng ban khc nhau u c th xem tin sn xut cng nh tin giao hng cho khch hng n u iu ny s gii quyt kp thi cc ri ro v trnh xy ra sai st. Phn h k ton c th bit c chi ph sn xut cho mt n hng c th mt cch chnh xc. chnh l mt th thng nht ERP mun thc hin mi doanh nghip. Nu nh cc phn h khng tht s lin kt vi nhau th khi gii quyt mt n t hng rt kh khn v thng tin s khng kp thi. V d nh b phn kinh doanh s khng bit n hng giao cho khch hng n u, k hoch cung ng khng bit c
lng hng sn xut cha i vi ERP mi th s tr nn d dng hn chnh xc hn v thng nht hn.
Mt s v d v gii php ERP:
a. Gii php ca Oracle: Oracle E-Business Suite l b cc ng dng nghip v h tr doanh nghip qun l hiu qu quan h khch hng, qu trnh cung cp dch v, lao ng sn xut, giao hng - bn hng, qun l thu chi, v..v... ton b c trin khai trn mt h thng duy nht c xy dng trn mt kin trc thng tin thng nht.Oracle EBusiness Suite kt hp cc chc nng hon thin, c tnh m v hiu qu nht th gii cho vic qun l ngun lc doanh nghip vi mt cng ngh nn m v linh hot. Cho php doanh nghip tng nng sut, tng kh nng hot ng v kh nng thch ng cn thit tng tc cc chin lc kinh doanh.
Nhng c im chnh ca gii php Oracle: y cc phn h nghip v: Oracle E-Business Suite c y cc phn h nh K ton ti chnh, Nhn s tin lng, Qun l kho, Mua sm, Bn hng, Qun l d n, Qun l sn xut Tch hp hon ton - D liu tp trung: Cc phn h c xy dng theo thit k tng th vi m hnh d liu thng nht v trn mt CSDL duy nht. D liu c qun l tp trung, y , chia s, thng nht v xuyn sut ton b doanh nghip. T ng ha quy trnh tc nghip: Vn hnh theo quy trnh nghip v, hon ton tch hp gia cc phn h, chia s vic nhp liu cho cc cn b nghip v ngay khi nghip v ban u pht sinh, tng cng kim sot lung d liu. Kin trc v cng ngh tin tin: Kin trc 3 lp (my trm, ng dng v CSDL), mi trng v kin trc tnh ton Internet. CSDL v nn cng ngh hng u th gii ca Oracle, hu nh khng gii hn v khi lng lu tr v x l d liu. An ton, bo mt cao: An ninh v an ton d liu rt cao, phn quyn ph hp vi vai tr, v tr v nhim v ca mi c nhn, n v. Cc phn h chnh ca Oracle E-Business Suite: Financials - K ton ti chnh Procurement - Qun l mua sm Logistics - Cung ng Order Fulfillment - Qun l bn hng Manufacturing - Qun l sn xut
Human Resources - Qun tr nhn s Projects - Qun l d n Planning & Scheduling - Lp k hoch Intelligence - Bo co phn tch Maintenance Management - Qun l bo dng
b. Gii php ca SAP SAP NETWEAVER SAP SCM - Qun l mng li cung ng SAP SRM - Qun l quan h nh cung cp SAP PLM - Qun l vng i sn phm SAP CRM - Qun l quan h khch hng SAP ERP SAP BusinessObjects - H thng bo co thng minh SAP for Industries - Gii php c th cho cc ngnh
2. Chc nng: Mt phn mm ERP cn phi th hin c tt c cc chu trnh kinh doanh. Vic tch hp mt cch xuyn sut v t b cc gii php c lp dn n mt h thng c trung tm ha tr li m qua cc ti nguyn c th c qun l bi ton b doanh nghip. Cc chc nng tiu biu ca mt phn mm hoch nh ti nguyn doanh nghip bao gm: Lp k hoch, d ton Bn hng v qun l khch hng Sn xut Kim sot cht lng Kim sot nguyn vt liu, kho, ti sn c nh Mua hng v kim sot nh cung ng Ti chnh K ton Qun l nhn s Nghin cu v pht trin
Bn cnh , do tnh dy chuyn v phc tp ca h thng ERP, cc doanh nghip cung cp gii php ERP cn h tr khch hng thng qua dch v t vn, thit k theo c th ca doanh nghip. 3. Vai tr v li ch:
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Tip cn thng tin qun tr ng tin cy Cng tc k ton chnh xc hn Ci tin qun l hng tn kho Tng hiu qu sn xut Qun l nhn s hiu qu hn Cc qui trnh kinh doanh c xc nh r rng hn Tch hp thng tin t hng ca khch hng
ERP gip cc nh qun l d dng tip cn cc thng tin qun tr ng tin cy c th a ra cc quyt nh da trn c s c y thng tin chnh xc. Nu khng c h thng ERP, mt cn b qun l cp cao phi da vo nhiu ngun khc nhau v c th tm thy nhiu s liu khc nhau (Ti chnh k ton c con s doanh thu ring, kinh doanh c mt con s khc v nhng n v khc c th c s liu khc tng hp thnh doanh thu ca c cng ty). Vi h thng ERP, ch c mt kiu s tht; khng thc mc, khng nghi ng bi v tt c phng ban, nhn vin u s dng chung mt h thng trong thi gian thc. H thng ERP tp trung cc d liu t mi phn h vo mt c s qun l d liu chung gip cho cc phn h ring bit c th chia s thng tin vi nhau mt cch d dng.
b. Cng tc k ton chnh xc hn
Phn mm k ton hoc phn h k ton ca phn mm ERP gip cc cng ty gim bt nhng sai st m nhn vin thng mc phi trong cch hch ton th cng. Phn h k ton cng gip cc nhn vin kim ton ni b v cc cn b qun l cao cp kim tra tnh chnh xc ca cc ti khon. Hn na, mt phn h k ton c thit k tt s h tr cc qui trnh k ton v cc bin php kim sot ni b cht lng.
Phn h qun l kho hng trong phn mm ERP cho php cc cng ty theo di hng tn kho chnh xc v xc nh c mc hng tn kho ti u, nh m gim nhu cu vn lu ng v ng thi gip tng hiu qu kinh doanh.
d. Tng hiu qu sn xut
Phn h hoch nh v qun l sn xut ca phn mm ERP gip cc cng ty sn xut nhn dng v loi b nhng yu t km hiu qu trong qui trnh sn xut. Chng hn, nu cng ty khng s dng phn mm ERP m ln k hoch sn xut mt cch th cng dn n tnh ton sai v iu ny gy nn cc im tht c chai trong qu trnh sn xut v do thng s dng khng ht cng sut ca my mc v cng nhn. Ni cch khc, iu ny c ngha l p dng mt h thng hoch nh sn xut hiu qu c th lm gim chi ph sn xut trn mi n v sn phm.
e. Qun l nhn s hiu qu hn
Phn h qun l nhn s v tnh lng h tr tt c cc nghip v qun l nhn vin gip sp xp hp l cc qui trnh qun l nhn s v tnh lng, gip s dng nhn s hiu qu, ng thi gim thiu cc sai st v gian ln trong h thng tnh lng. c bit cc cng ty c nhiu n v kinh doanh khc nhau, b phn Hnh chnh nhn s c th khng c phng php chung v n gin theo di gi gic ca nhn cng v hng dn h v cc ngha v v quyn li. ERP c th gip bn m ng vic .
f. Cc qui trnh kinh doanh c xc nh r rng hn
Cc phn h ERP thng yu cu cng ty xc nh r rng cc qui trnh kinh doanh gip phn cng cng vic c r rng v gim bt nhng ri rm v cc vn lin quan n cc hot ng tc nghip hng ngy ca cng ty.Mt chuyn gia v qun l doanh nghip ca tp on PwC cho rng nu doanh nghip xut hin cc tnh hung xu nh thi gian ng s cui nm ca doanh nghip vt qu 30 ngy, hoc khi doanh nghip khng bit c cc s liu v hng tn, hoc lng vt t d tr cho k hoch sn xut, hoc cc lnh o khi i cng tc m vn phi lin lc vi cng ty mi 15 pht nhc nh th nn ng dng h thng ERP. Qu trnh hi nhp nn kinh t l qu trnh tt yu v khng lu na. ng trc thi im ny, cc doanh nghip ang nhanh chng tm cch nng cao kh nng cnh trnh ngay khi th trng thng mi m ca v cc cng ty nc ngoi trn vo. Mt iu n gin c th nhn thy l nu cc doanh nghip khng c kh nng cnh tranh vi cc cng ty nc ngoi th cng s mt i kh nng cnh tranh ngay vi cc i th trong nc. Vic ng dng mt h thng qun tr bng phn mm, theo kt qu thng k t nhng cng ty trin khai ERP, c th gim thi
gian ti a cho mt n hng t 15 ngy xung khong thi gian ti thiu l 2 ngy; ci tin cc dch v p ng khch hng t 50% ln trn 90% gia tng nng lc kinh doanh, doanh s v li nhun, gim chi ph qu l nhng ha hn hp dn m cc doanh nghip mong mun. g. Tch hp thng tin t hng ca khch hng Vi h thng ERP, n hng ca khch hng i theo mt l trnh t ng ha t khong thi gian nhn vin dch v khch hng nhn n hng cho n khi giao hng cho khch hng v b phn Ti chnh xut ha n. Chng th bn ly thng tin t chung mt h thng cn hn nhn thng tin ri rc t cc h thng khc nhau ca tng phng ban. H thng phn mm ERP gip cng ty bn theo di n hng mt cch d dng, gip phi hp gia b phn kinh doanh, kho v giao hng cc a im khc nhau trong cng mt thi im.
4. Mt s im lu khi p dng ERP 4.1 Tnh d s dng
Ngi s dng cn lu n tnh d dng trong vic hc v s dng phn mm ERP. Mt s phn mm n gin hn cho ngi khng chuyn v k thut hc cch s dng v giao din vi ngi s dng c thit k theo cch t gii thch trong khi cc phn mm khc c th kh hiu hn i vi ngi s dng. Yu t thn thin vi ngi s dng c bit quan trng Vit Nam. Cc phn mm trong nc i khi c li th hn v mt ny bi chng n gin v c giao din vi ngi s dng bng ting Vit. Cc phn mm k ton cng thng c thit k ph hp vi H thng k ton Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, ngi s dng cng cn lu rng yu t thn thin cng c ngha l phn mm c t chc nng hn.
4.2 Cnh bo
Mt s phn mm ERP hiu qu hn nhng phn mm khc trong vic cnh bo ngi s dng cc li c th pht sinh do vic nhp d liu sai, chng hn nh vic nhp d liu hai ln cho cng mt nghip v pht sinh. Mt s phn mm cng a ra cnh bo cn c vo mt s nguyn tc kinh doanh, chng hn nh bo cho bit mt hng no khch hng t mua nhng mc d tr trong kho xung di mc an ton, hoc cnh bo khi mt khch hng no vt qu mc tn dng cho php.
4.3 Cht lng v tnh sn c ca hot ng h tr
Mt trong nhng vn cn cn nhc nht l kh nng sn c ca cc dch v h tr vi cht lng cao cho cc phn mm ERP c la chn. Mt ri ro rt ln i vi cc phn mm ERP thit k theo n t hng l cht lng ca cc ti liu rt thp, v ri ro rt ln khi cc nhn vin pht trin phn mm ban u chuyn sang mt cng ty khc, hoc h khng c thi gian h tr cho phn mm . Vic ny c th dn n nhiu trc trc nghim trng v lm cho ngi s dng nn lng khi dng cc phn mm ny, c bit l cc phn mm do ni b cng ty vit. i vi cc phn mm nc ngoi, ngi s dng cn nghin cu kh nng cc nh phn phi trong nc s tip tc cung cp cc dch v h tr co phn mm ny trong tng lai cng nh cht lng ca cc i l v k nng v s hiu bit ca h v cc sn phm m h cung cp.
4.4 Ti liu dnh cho ngi s dng
Cht lng v s y ca cc ti liu h tr rt quan trng cho ngi s dng h c th s dng phn mm mt cch hiu qu. Hu nh cc phn mm thit k sn ca nc ngoi u c cc ti liu dnh cho ngi s dng rt tan din.Nhng ti liu ny bao gm:
Ti liu m t v cc chc nng thit k: m t cc chc nng m phn mm c th cung cp Ti liu hng dn cch ci t phn mm: hng dn chi tit vic ci t phn mm v nh cu hnh, bao gm c thong tin v cu hnh ca phn cng Sch hng dn s dng: gii thiu tng qut v cch s dng phn mm, cng nh nhng thng tin v vic khc phc cc sai st Sch tra cu: Lit k cc thng bo li v nguyn nhn gy ra li v hng dn cch khc phc cc li Ti liu dnh cho ngi qun l h thng: cung cp nhng thng tin v cch thc gii quyt s c.
4.5 Bn a ha
Mt s phn mm ERP nc ngoi ch c bn ting Anh v y c th l mt vn kh khn cho mt s cng ty. Mt thun li ca phn mm ERP sn xut trong nc l hon ton c thit k ph hp vi h thng k ton v cc qui phm php lut ca Vit Nam, v c th
s dng ting Vit. Cc phn mm ny c th c cp nht thng xuyn khi cc qui nh v tiu chun c lin quan thay i. iu ny s lm vic s dng v vic thit lp cu hnh cho ngi s dng h thng ERP tr nn d dng hn.
4.6 Chc nng a ngn ng
Cc phn mm trong nc cng cn phi hot ng c vi cc th ting khc bn cnh ting Vit nh Anh, Nht, v Hoa.
4.7 Ch a nhim:
Ngi s dng s cm thy d dng hn nu phn mm c th h tr vic s dng nhiu ca s ng dng cng mt lc. Chng hn nh mt s phn mm cho php ngi s dng c th m v lm vic trn ca s/ mn hnh cng n phi tr trong khi cha hon tt vic nhp d liu trn ca s cng n phi thu.
5. CC GIAI ON TRIN KHAI ERP:
Bc 1: Phn tch v lp k hoch: Mc tiu: a ra v thng nht vi khch hng ti liu yu cu ca DN. Mt tnh hnh ph bin nc ta l cc DN (thnh cng) u pht trin nhanh v rt nng ng, m hnh hot ng, sn phm v c cu t chc ca DN bin i tng ngy. Khi a ra v thng nht v yu cu ca DN ni chung DN u c gng tin liu nhng pht trin ca h trong thi gian mt vi nm ti, nhng thc t cho thy nhiu khi nhng tin liu ny cng thay i lin tc. Trong nhng d n tng i di (trn su thng) mt vn xy ra l khi d n n nhng giai on cui DN li yu cu thay i ln v chc nng h thng dn n kt qu l phi lm li, d n khng kt thc c. Cc cng on gm: - Thit lp i d n v phng d n. - Thit lp cc th tc qun tr d n. - t ra v thng nht cc mc tiu ca d n. - t ra v thng nht k hoch d n. - Ci t h thng ERP ln h thng my ch v cc my trm. - Thit k cc mu th cho cc nghip v chnh. Bc 2: Thit k Cc cng on gm: - a ra cc quy trnh nghip v. - Thit k cc u vo, ra ca d liu v cc giao din. - Thit lp v th cu hnh h thng. - Hun luyn ngi dng. Bc 3. Chuyn i d liu Cc cng on gm:
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- nh ngha yu cu v chuyn i d liu. - a ra phng php v th tc chuyn i. - Chuyn i d liu t h thng c sang h thng mi. - Kim tra xc nhn d liu trn h thng. Bc 4. Chy th Cc cng on gm: - Chy th kim tra - iu chnh ln cui Bc 5. Bn giao Cng on gm: - Chy chnh thc. - Kim ton h thng v nh gi cht lng. - Chuyn sang cho b phn h tr
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Bi ton m t nghip v qun l nhn s ca cng ty TNHH NG nh sau: Khi c nhu cu b sung nhn lc, cc phng ban, trung tm, b phn ky thut, ca hng ln danh sch nhng v tr thiu gi ln phng t chc lao ng cho Ban lnh o duyt. Nu c duyt, Ban lnh o s ra quyt nh tuyn dng v phng t chc lao ng s a ra thng bo tuyn dng ti ngi lao ng. Sau khi c thng bo, ngi lao ng s np h s lao ng vo cng ty xin thi tuyn. H s thi tuyn phi y cc thng tin v bn thn, trnh chuyn mn, trnh hc vn . Sau khi tip nhn h s lao ng, b phng t chc lao ng cng vi nhn vin phng ban cn b sung lao ng s trc tip duyt h s v phng vn ngi lao ng.
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Nu t, cng ty s k hp ng th vic vi ngi lao ng. Thi gian th vic ty thuc vo trnh ca ngi lao ng nh i vi th hoc trung cp thi gian th vic l 1 thng, cn trnh Cao ng, i hc l 3 thng. Trong thi gian th vic, ngi lao ng s c hng mc lng v ch u i ca ch th vic. Sau thi gian th vic, nu t cng ty s k hp ng lao ng vi ngi lao ng theo thi hn l 3 nm. V sau 3 nm hp ng s c k li. Sau khi k hp ng lao ng vi ngi lao ng, cng ty c trch nhim ng BHXH cho ngi lao ng o bo li ch chnh ng cho ngi lao ng trong thi gian lm vic ti cng ty. Ty vo tng kh nng trnh chuyn mn ca ngi lao ng v nhu cu, v tr ca n v c nhu cu b sung lao ng m ngi lao ng s c phn cng lao ng vo tng v tr khc nhau.Vic phn cng lao ng s c ghi trong quyt nh b nhim lao ng. Trong qu trnh lm vic ti cng ty, ngi lao ng s chu s gim st v qun l trc tip ca n v . V ngi lao ng c th lm n yu cu chuyn cng tc sang n v khc trong cng ty. n yu cu ny s c chuyn n phng t chc lao ng gi ln Ban lnh o duyt Nu c duyt th phng t chc lao ng s ra quyt nh chuyn cng tc n ngi lao ng. Hoc ngi lao ng c th chuyn cng tc theo nhu cu lm vic ca cng ty. V ti mt n v mi ngi lao ng s c xp vo v tr, chc v v c cc mc ph cp chc v c th ging hoc khc khi n v c. Khi lm trong cng ty, ty vo tng chc v m nhim m ngi lao ng c th i cng tc n v bn. V phng lao ng tin lng s theo di qu trnh cng tc thc hin tnh lng v cc ph cp(nu c) cho ngi lao ng Trong khi lm vic, Hi ng k lut ca cng ty c trch nhim khen thng, k lut nhng c nhn, tp th c thnh tch tt cng nh vi phm lao ng, vi phm an ton lao ng. Nhng thnh tch hay k lut ny s c lu trong quyt nh khen thng hay quyt nh k lut ca cng ty.. Khi mi vo cng ty, ty tng trnh m ngi lao ng s c mc lng v bc lng khi u. Trong thi gian lm vic, nu ngi lao ng hon thnh tt nhim v c giao, khng c vi phm k lut lao ng, khng c vi phm an ton lao ng th sau 3 nm s nng bc lng mt ln. Vic nng bc long ty vo trnh hc vn ca ngi lao ng. Nu ngi lao ng vi trnh l th hoc trung cp, th phi thi nng bc. Cn ngi lao ng vi trnh l Cao ng, i
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hc th khng phi thi nng bc m c xp vo h chuyn vin. Bc lng hin thi s c lu vo quyt nh nng bc lng. Hng ngy, qu trnh cng tc ca ngi lao ng c theo di qua bng chm cng v hng thng xt lng cho ngi lao ng. Gii quyt ch ngh hu: i vi ngi lao ng c 20 nm cng tc, 55 tui i vi n v 60 tui i vi nam. Nhng ngi lao ng tui ngh hu c lu trong quyt nh ngh hu v c theo di trong s theo di ngh hu v c hng lng t s LTBXH. Gii quyt cc trng hp ngh ch : nh m, ngh , i hc nng cao trnh tay ngh th h c xt lng v hng cc mc ph cp m bo li ch cho h v h c cng ty theo di trong S theo di ngh ch . Phng t chc hnh chnh lao ng tin lng hng thng s phi bo co thng k cho Ban lnh o v s LTBXH theo thng, hoc theo tng qu hoc nhng khi t xut.
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1. Phn tich cac chc nng va tac nhn cua qua trinh quan ly
1.1 Cac chc nng cua h thng nh sau: - Tuyn lao ng gm co cac chc nng con sau: Thng bao tuyn dung Tip nhn h s Phong vn va duyt h s Ky hp ng th vic Ky hp ng lao ng - Theo doi qua trinh cng tac gm co cac chc nng con nh sau: Phn cng lao ng Theo doi qua trinh cng tac i cng tac Chuyn cng tac Theo doi qua trinh chm cng Theo doi khen thng ky lut Quyt inh nghi hu - Theo doi qua trinh din bin lng gm cac chc nng con nh sau: Qua trinh lng Qua trinh tham gia bao him xa hi (BHXH) - Giai quyt chinh sach gm cac chc nng con nh sau: Giai quyt ch nghi hu Giai quyt nghi ch - Bao cao gm cac chc nng con nh sau: Bao cao lao ng Bao cao qua trinh cng tac 15
Bao cao qua trinh lng Bao cao thanh tich Bao cao giai quyt chinh sach cac tac nhn cua qua trinh quan ly nh sau: - Ngi lao ng - Ban lanh ao - S lao ng thng binh xa hi (LTBXH) - n vi
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Tuyn lao ng
Thng bao tuyn dung Tip nhn h s Phong vn, duyt HS Ky H th vic Ky H lao ng
Bao cao
Bao cao lao ng Bao cao qua trinh cng tac Bao cao qua trinh lng Bao cao thanh tich Bao cao giai quyt chinh sach
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Ngi lao ng
Ban lanh ao
n vi
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Ngi L
n vi
Theo doi qua trinh DB lng
Bao cao
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4. S lung d liu mc di inh cua h thng 4.1S lung d liu cua chc nng tuyn lao ng cua h thng :
TB tuyn L
Tip nhn HS
Phong vn va duyt HS
Ngi lao ng
Ban lanh ao
Ky H lao ng
Ky H th vic
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4.2 S lung d liu cua chc nng theo doi qua trinh cng tac cua h thng
Q nghi hu
Ngi lao ng
Ban lanh ao
n vi
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4.3 S lung d liu cua chc nng theo doi qua trinh din bin lng cua h thng
Ban lanh ao
S LTBXH
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4.4 S lung d liu cua chc nng giai quyt chinh sach cua h thng S LBHXH
Ngi lao ng
Ban lanh ao
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4.5 S lung d liu cua chc nng bao cao cua h thng
BC tnh hnh L
sach
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