Professional Documents
Culture Documents
27 Dau Hieu Chia Het
27 Dau Hieu Chia Het
Tuy
nhin trong thc t c nhiu bi phi vn dng mt s tnh cht chia ht khc gii. Chng ta cng tm hiu nh.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Quy tc th nht:
V d: a) cho s 714
-c (7.3 + 1) - 3.7 = 1
-c (1.3 + 4) - 7 = 0
Vy s 714 chia ht cho 7.
Km tra thy: 714 = 7.102
b) cho s 24668
-c (2.3 + 4) - 7 = 3
-tip theo (3.3 + 6) - 2.7 = 1
-tip theo (1.3 + 6) - 7 = 2
-cui cng 2.3 + 8 = 14 chia ht cho 7
Vy s 24668 chia ht cho 7
Kim tra thy: 24668 = 7.3524
+ Trng hp s c hai ch s:
+ Trng hp s c ba ch s:
7.2.
Quy tc th hai:
Ly ch s u tin bn phi nhn vi 5 ri cng vi ch s th hai ri tr cho bi ca 7; c bao nhiu
nhn vi 5 cng vi ch s th 3 ri tr cho bi ca 7; c bao nhiu nhn vi 5 cng vi ch s th 4 ri
tr cho bi ca 7; .... Nu kt qu cui cng l mt s chia ht cho 7 th s cho chia ht cho 7.
V d:
a) S 2275
-c (5.5 + 7) - 7.4 = 4
-c (4.5 + 2) - 7.3 = 1
-c (1.5 + 2) - 7 = 0
Vy 2275 chia ht cho 7.
Kim tra thy: 2275 = 7.325
b) s 35742
-c (2.5 + 4) - 7.2 = 0
-c (0.5 + 7) - 7 = 0
-c (0.5 + 5) - 7.0 = 5
-c (5.5 + 3) - 7.4 = 0
Vy 35742 chia ht cho 7.
Kim tra thy: 35742 = 7.5106
CHNG MINH DU HIU CHIA HT CHO 7
Nh cc bn bit, du hiu chia ht cho 7 p dng dy 1,3,2,-1,-3,-2,1,3,... vi quy tc nhn ln lt cc s
trn dy ny vi cc s t hng n v ca s cn xt tnh chia ht.
1 ng vi hng 1
3 ng vi hng 10
2 ng vi hng 100
-1 ng vi hng 1000...
D dng nhn thy 1-1 chia ht cho 7, 10-3 chia ht cho 7, 100-2 chia ht cho 7, 1000+1 chia ht cho 7 v
c th...
VD: chia ht cho 7
<=> chia ht cho 7 ( Do u chia ht cho 7)
<=> chia ht cho 7
Du hiu chia ht cho 13 chng minh tng t vi dy : ,...
8.
9.
10. Du hiu chia ht cho 10: nhng s x c tn cng bng 0 th chia ht cho 10.
11. Du hiu chia ht cho 11: nu tng tt c cc ch s v tr chn nh 2 4 6 8 bng tng cc ch s
v tr l th x chia ht cho 11.
12. Du hiu chia ht cho 12: nu x va chia ht cho 3 va chia ht cho 4 th x chia ht cho 12.
13. Du hiu chia ht cho 13:
Qui tc trn y cng c th p dng nhn bit du hiu chia ht cho 13. Bn hy thc hnh vi s:
N = 873612 190692815265867774391091
S N gm 30 ch s, nn c th chia thnh 10 nhm s [chn], mi nhm 3 s..
N = 873. 612. 190. 692. 815. 265. 867. 774. 391. 091.
1. S1 = 8 - 6 + 1 - 6 + 8 - 2 + 8 - 7 + 3 - 0 = 7
7 + ["0"] = 70 => 70 = [5 x 13] + 5. => R1 = 5.
2. S2 = [R1]5 + 7 - 1 + 9 - 9 + 1 - 6 + 6 - 7 + 9 - 9 = 5.
5 + [ "0" ] = 50. => 50 = [ 3 x 13 ] + 11. => R2 = 11.
3. S3 = [R2]11 + 3 - 2 + 0 - 2 + 5 - 5 + 7 - 4 + 1 - 1 = 13.
* n y, ta tnh c S3 = 13 [ bi ca 13].
Vy c th kt lun:
S N = 8736. . . . . 1091. chia ht cho 13.
Lu : Ch c mt trong trong nhng s sau y l chia ht cho 13. Cng vy, ch c
mt trong nhng s ny chia ht cho 7. V cng ch c mt trong nhng s ny chia ht cho 11.
Bn hy th tm xem nhng s l s no?
N1 = 7942603594320271151120681.
N2 = 277900859916245742465597.
N3 = 41986360335384870752178.
N4 = 157226 157686018425.
14. Du hiu chia ht cho 14: x l s chia ht cho 14 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 2 v x chia ht cho 7.
15. Du hiu chia ht cho 15: x chia ht cho 15 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 3 v x chia ht cho 5.
16. Du hiu chia ht cho 16: x l s chia ht cho 16 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 2 v x chia ht cho 8.
17. Du hiu chia ht cho 17:
Ly cc s ng trc s hng n v tr i 5 ln s hng n v, nu hiu chia ht cho 17 th n chia
ht cho 17
VD: ly s 153 nha bn
15 - 3x5 = 0 chia ht cho 17 => 153 chia ht cho 17
18. Du hiu chia ht cho 18: x l s chia ht cho 18 khi v ch khi x chia ht cho 2 v x chia ht cho 9.
19. Du hiu chia ht cho 19:
L THUYT
Mi s N u c th vit di dng N = 10x + y trong x l s chc khng phi l ch s hng chc, m l
tng s cc chc trn trong s N v y l ch s n v.
Cn chng minh N l Bi ca 19 khi v ch khi
N* = x + 2y l Bi ca 19
Mun vy, phi nhn N vi 10 v tr N vo Tch s ny
=> 10N* - N = 10[x + 2y] - [10x + y] = 19y
Do nu N l Bi ca 19 th N = 10N* - 19 y l Bi ca 19.
V ngc li, nu N chia ht cho 19 th 10N* = N + 19y l Bi ca 19
Khi tt nhin N chia ht cho 19
THC HNH
s cu sau khi thm c th l 4950 con, 4725 con, 4500 con. V s cu sau khi thm 6 con chia cho 6 vn
d 3 nn ch c 4725 l tha mn u bi. Vy s cu hin c ca anh l : 4725 - 6 = 4719 (con).
Trn y l 4 v d tiu biu m khi gii phi vn dng mt s tnh cht chia ht. Nhng tnh cht ny khng
c trong chng trnh c bn ca tiu hc. Tuy nhin ta d dng tm thy n qua cc bi ton. Hc ton
chng ta cn phi tm ti, sng to v vn dng kin thc c hc mt cch linh hot mi thy c v p
ca ton hc phi khng cc bn ? Hi vng bi vit ny l mt kinh nghim nh gip cc bn hc tt hn.
Ngun: Su tm