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QCVN 02: 2012/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V L T CHT THI RN Y T National Technical Regulation on Solid Health Care Waste Incinerator

Li ni u QCVN 02: 2012/BTNMT do T son tho Thng t ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t cht thi rn y t v Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t cht thi cng nghip bin son, V Khoa hc v Cng ngh, V Php ch trnh duyt v c ban hnh theo Thng t s 27/2012/TT-BTNMT ngy 28 thng 12 nm 2012 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.

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QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V L T CHT THI RN Y T National Technical Regulation on Solid Health Care Waste Incinerator 1. Quy nh chung 1.1. Phm vi iu chnh

Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut v mi trng i vi l t cht thi rn y t. 1.2. i tng p dng Quy chun ny p dng i vi cc t chc, c nhn sn xut, nhp khu, kinh doanh (phn phi), s dng l t cht thi rn y t trn lnh th nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam; c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng; n v ly mu, phn tch v cc t chc, c nhn lin quan. 1.3. Gii thch t ng Trong Quy chun ny, cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau: 1.3.1. Cht thi rn y t (sau y vit tt l CTRYT) l cht thi th rn pht sinh t cc hot ng y t, gm c cht thi nguy hi v cht thi khng nguy hi (cht thi thng thng). 1.3.2. L t CTRYT l h thng thit b x l CTRYT bng phng php thiu t km theo h thng x l kh thi. 1.3.3. Vng t (hoc bung t) l cc khu vc s dng nhit ca l t CTRYT, gm c: a) Vng t s cp l khu vc s dng nhit chuyn ha cht thi thnh th kh v th rn (tro x, bi); b) Vng t th cp l khu vc s dng nhit cao thiu t cc thnh phn ca dng kh c chuyn ha t vng t s cp. 1.3.4. Thi gian lu chy (retention time) l thi gian dng kh lu chuyn t im vo n im ra ca vng t th cp iu kin nhit quy nh ti Bng 1 ca Quy chun ny. 1.3.5. Kh thi l hn hp cc thnh phn vt cht pht thi ra mi trng khng kh t ng khi ca l t CTRYT. 1.3.6. Tro x l cc cht rn cn li sau khi thiu t cht thi trong l t CTRYT. 1.3.7. Bi l tn gi chung cho bi v tro bay pht sinh trong qu trnh thiu t cht thi, c gi li trong qu trnh x l kh thi.

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1.3.8. Cng sut (capacity) l kh nng x l ca l t CTRYT, c tnh bng s lng cht thi ti a m l t CTRYT thiu t c hon ton trong mt gi (kg/h). 1.3.9. C quan cp php l tn gi chung cho c quan cp giy php qun l cht thi nguy hi hoc c quan xc nhn vic thc hin cc cng trnh, bin php bo v mi trng trc khi a l t CTRYT vo hot ng i vi trng hp khng phi cp giy php qun l cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh (l t ch c mc ch t x l CTRYT pht sinh ni b trong khun vin c s y t). 2. Quy nh k thut 2.1. Yu cu k thut c bn i vi l t cht thi rn y t 2.1.1. L t CTRYT phi c quy trnh hot ng theo nguyn l thiu t nhiu cp, ti thiu phi c hai vng t (s cp v th cp). Vic tnh ton th tch cc vng t cn c vo cng sut v thi gian lu chy ca l t CTRYT c tham kho cc quy nh ti Ph lc 1 km theo QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t cht thi cng nghip. 2.1.2. Trong l t CTRYT phi c p sut nh hn p sut bn ngoi (cn gi l p sut m) hn ch khi thot ra ngoi mi trng qua ca np cht thi. 2.1.3. ng khi ca l t CTRYT phi m bo nh sau: a) Chiu cao ng khi phi c tnh ton ph hp, m bo yu cu v cht lng khng kh xung quanh khi pht tn vo mi trng khng kh, nhng khng c thp hn 20 (hai mi) m tnh t mt t. Trng hp trong phm vi 40 (bn mi) m tnh t chn ng khi c vt cn ln (nh nh, rng cy, i...) th ng khi phi cao hn ti thiu 03 (ba) m so vi im cao nht ca vt cn; b) ng khi phi c im (ca) ly mu kh thi vi ng knh hoc rng mi chiu ti thiu 10 (mi) cm, c np y iu chnh m rng, km theo sn thao tc m bo an ton, thun li khi tip cn v ly mu. im ly mu phi nm trong khong gia hai v tr sau: - Cn di: Pha trn im cao nht ca mi ni gia ng dn t h thng x l kh thi vi ng khi mt khong cch bng 07 (by) ln ng knh trong ca ng khi; - Cn trn: Pha di ming ng khi 03 (ba) m. 2.1.4. Trong iu kin hot ng bnh thng, cc thng s k thut c bn ca l t CTRYT phi p ng cc quy nh ti Bng 1 di y:

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Bng 1. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca l t cht thi rn y t

TT 1 2 3 4 5 6

Thng s Nhit vng t s cp Nhit vng t th cp Thi gian lu chy trong vng t th cp Lng oxy d (o ti im ly mu) Nhit bn ngoi v l (hoc lp chn cch ly nhit) Nhit kh thi ra mi trng (o ti im ly mu)

n v C C s % C C

Gi tr yu cu 650 1.050 2 6 - 15 60 180

2.1.5. Khng c trn khng kh bn ngoi vo pha long kh thi k t im ra ca vng t th cp n v tr c cao 02 (hai) m tnh t im ly mu kh thi trn ng khi. 2.1.6. L t CTRYT phi c h thng x l kh thi vi quy trnh hot ng bao gm cc cng on chnh sau: a) Gii nhit (h nhanh nhit ) kh thi nhng khng c s dng bin php trn trc tip khng kh bn ngoi vo dng kh thi lm mt; b) X l bi (kh hoc t); c) X l cc thnh phn c hi trong kh thi (nh hp th, hp ph). Mt s cng on nu trn c thc hin kt hp ng thi trong mt thit b hoc mt cng on c thc hin ti nhiu hn mt thit b trong h thng x l kh thi. 2.2. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t cht thi rn y t Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng, gi tr cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t CTRYT khi thi ra mi trng khng c vt qu cc gi tr quy nh ti Bng 2 di y: Bng 2. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi TT 1 2 3 Bi tng Axt clohydric, HCI Cacbon monoxyt, CO Thng s nhim n v mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 tng/Nm3 Gi tr ti a cho php A 150 50 350 B 115 50 200

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Gi tr ti a cho php A B 300 300 0,5 0,16 1,2 2,3 300 500 0,5 0,2 1,5
3

TT 4 5 6 7 8 9

Thng s nhim Lu hunh dioxyt, SO2 Nit oxyt, NOx (tnh theo NO2) Thy ngn v hp cht tnh theo thy ngn, Hg Cadmi v hp cht tnh theo Cadmi, Cd Ch v cc hp cht tnh theo ch, Pb Tng ioxin/furan, PCDD/PCDF Trong :

n v mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 mg/Nm

3

mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 ngTEQ/Nm

2,3

- Ct A p dng i vi l t CTRYT ti c s x l CTRYT tp trung theo quy hoch (khng nm trong khun vin c s y t); - Ct B p dng i vi l t CTRYT c lp t trong khun vin ca c s y t. 3. Quy nh v vn hnh, ng ph s c v gim st 3.1. Vn hnh l t cht thi rn y t 3.1.1. Phi xy dng v thc hin quy trnh vn hnh an ton l t CTRYT, trong lu cc ni dung sau: a) Tr trng hp l t CTRYT c quy trnh hot ng c bit do nh sn xut quy nh v c xem xt c th bi c quan cp php, quy trnh khi ng l t CTRYT phi theo trnh t nh sau: - Bc 1: Khi ng h thng x l kh thi; - Bc 2: Khi ng v sy nng tt c cc vng t. Ch c np mt s loi cht thi khng nguy hi c nhit tr ln (nh cht thi sinh khi) thay th, b sung nhin liu truyn thng sau khi s dng nhin liu truyn thng sy nng vng t s cp ln nhit trn 300 (ba trm) C v vng t th cp ln nhit trn 800 (tm trm) C. Cc loi cht thi khng nguy hi s dng trong qu trnh khi ng ny phi c xc nh v ghi r trong quy trnh; - Bc 3: Chnh thc np cht thi vo l t CTRYT. Ch c np CTRYT nguy hi khi nhit cc vng t t gi tr tng ng quy nh ti Bng 1 ca Quy chun ny. b) Quy trnh kt thc hot ng l t CTRYT phi c thc hin theo trnh t sau: - Bc 1: Ngng np cht thi. Tip tc o trn cht thi cn li trong vng t s cp v cp nhin liu (nu cn thit) cho n khi cht thi chy hon ton;

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- Bc 2: Ngng cp nhin liu vo vng t s cp sau khi cht thi chy hon ton (khng cn du hiu chy); - Bc 3: Ngng cp nhin liu vo vng t th cp sau khi khng cn khi trong vng t s cp v khng cn kh thi qua ng khi; - Bc 4: Ngng h thng x l kh thi v kt thc ton b hot ng ca l t khi nhit vng t s cp xung di 300 (ba trm) C. 3.1.2. Cht thi trc khi c np vo l t CTRYT phi c kim sot khng nh hng n vic vn hnh bnh thng ca l t, trnh np cc cht thi khng c kh nng x l bng l t. 3.1.3. Khng c php thiu t: Cht thi phng x; cht thi d n; cht thi c nha PVC; nc thi; cht thi c tnh cht n mn hoc c cha thy ngn, ch, cadimi, cc cht halogen hu c vt ngng cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v ngng cht thi nguy hi. 3.1.4. Phi lp nht k vn hnh l t CTRYT, trong ghi r s lng cht thi c thiu t, thi gian thc hin v tn ngi vn hnh. 3.2. Qun l cht thi pht sinh t l t cht thi rn y t 3.2.1. Nc thi pht sinh t qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l kh thi l t CTRYT (nu c) ch c x ra mi trng sau khi x l t QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip. 3.2.2. Tro x, bi, bn thi v cc cht thi rn khc pht sinh t qu trnh vn hnh l t CTRYT phi c phn nh, phn loi theo quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT c bin php qun l ph hp theo quy nh. 3.3. Phng nga v ng ph s c 3.3.1. Phi xy dng v thc hin k hoch phng nga v ng ph s c chy n theo quy nh v phng chy, cha chy di s hng dn ca c quan c thm quyn qun l v cng tc phng chy, cha chy. 3.3.2. Phi xy dng v thc hin cc phng n d phng v ng ph i vi cc s c khc theo quy nh v qun l cht thi y t, qun l cht thi nguy hi v cc quy nh c lin quan. 3.3.3. Ngoi c ch ngt bng tay, cc vng t phi c c ch t ng ngt khi hot ng bt thng hoc c s c. 3.3.4. H thng x l kh thi l t CTRYT phi c van x tt (by-pass) x kh thi trc tip ra ng khi m khng qua h thng x l kh thi khi c s c. Van x tt phi c cn iu khin bng tay hoc t ng cao va vi ngi ng, m bo thao tc thun li, kp thi ngay khi c s c m khng phi tro ln l t. Phi ngng np cht thi ngay sau khi s dng van x tt. Ch c vn

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hnh li sau khi khc phc s c hon ton. Van x tt phi c nim phong ca c quan cp php trnh s dng ty tin v phi thng bo trong vng 48 (bn mi tm) gi sau khi ph nim phong c quan cp php nim phong li. 3.4. Gim st l t cht thi rn y t 3.4.1. L t CTRYT phi lp thit b gim st t ng, lin tc o v ghi li thng s nhit trong cc vng t, nhit kh thi sau h thng x l kh thi. 3.4.2. Phi b tr my ghi hnh (camera) hoc ca s quan st trc tip quan st qu trnh thiu t cht thi trong vng t s cp vi ng knh hoc rng mi chiu ti thiu 05 (nm) cm. 3.4.3. Vic gim st mi trng nh k i vi l t CTRYT phi c thc hin theo quy nh hin hnh v yu cu ca c quan cp php, nhng vi tn sut khng di 3 (ba) thng/ln. 3.4.4. Vic gim st t ng, lin tc i vi mt s thng s nht nh trong kh thi v vic ly mu gim st i vi ioxin/furan ch phi thc hin trong mt s trng hp c bit theo yu cu c th ca c quan cp php. 4. Phng php xc nh 4.1. Phng php xc nh cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t CTRYT thc hin theo cc tiu chun quc gia di y: - TCVN 5977:2009 - Pht thi ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi lng bi bng phng php th cng; - TCVN 6750:2000 - S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi lng lu hunh ixit - Phng php sc k kh ion; - TCVN 7172:2002 - S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi lng nit oxit - Phng php trc quang dng naphtyletylendiamin; - TCVN 7242:2003 - L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php xc nh nng cacbon monoxit (CO) trong kh thi; - TCVN 7244:2003 - L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php xc nh nng axit clohydric (HCI) trong kh thi; - TCVN 7557-1:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng trong kh thi - Phn 1: Quy nh chung; - TCVN 7557-2:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng trong kh thi - Phn 2: Phng php xc nh nng thy ngn bng o ph hp th nguyn t ha hi lnh; - TCVN 7557-3:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng trong kh thi - Phn 3: Phng php xc nh nng cadimi v ch bng o ph hp th nguyn t ngn la v khng ngn la;

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- TCVN 7556-3:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh nng khi lng PCDD/PCDF - Phn 3: nh tnh v nh lng. 4.2. Cc tiu chun quc t c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn c chp nhn xc nh nng ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t CTRYT hoc khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia. 5. T chc thc hin 5.1. Quy chun ny c hiu lc k t ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2013 v p dng thay th QCVN 02:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi l t cht thi rn y t. 5.2. T chc, c nhn s dng l t CTRYT trn lnh th nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam phi tun th y cc quy nh ti Quy chun ny, tr trng hp l t CTRYT chnh thc hot ng trc ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2013 th c tm thi min p dng mt s quy nh (tr Mc 2.2) ti Quy chun ny cho n ht ngy 30 thng 6 nm 2016 nu cc quy nh i hi phi nng cp, ci to, iu chnh, b sung v thit k, cu to, thit b, vt liu so vi hin trng. 5.3. Trong thi gian cha c Quy chun ring, kh thi l ha tng phi tun th quy nh ti ct A Bng 2 Mc 2.2 Quy chun ny, khng p dng Tiu chun quc gia TCVN 6560:1999 (6560:2005) - Cht lng khng kh - Kh thi l t cht thi rn y t theo hng dn ti Mc 2 Phn X Thng t s 02/2009/TT-BYT ngy 26 thng 5 nm 2009 ca B Y t hng dn v sinh trong hot ng mai tng v ha tng. 5.4. Trng hp cc quy chun k thut quc gia, tiu chun quc gia vin dn trong Quy chun ny c sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng theo vn bn mi. 5.5. C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin Quy chun ny./.