B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

S: 06/2009/TT-BTNMT

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc

H Ni, ngy 18 thng 6 nm 2009

THNG T
Quy nh v Quy chun k thut quc gia v xy dng li ta B TRNG B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG Cn c Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut ngy 29 thng 6 nm 2006; Cn c Ngh nh s 12/2002/N -CP ngy 22 thng 01 nm 2002 ca Chnh ph v hot ng o c v bn ; Cn c Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut; Cn c Ngh nh s 25/2008/N-CP ngy 04 thng 3 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng; Theo ca Cc trng Cc o c v Bn Vit Nam, V trng V Khoa hc v Cng ngh v V trng V Php ch QUY NH: iu 1. Quy chun k thut quc gia v xy dng li to , m s QCVN 04/2009BTNMT c ban hnh km theo Thng t ny. iu 2. Thng t ny c hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2010 v thay th Quy phm Tam gic nh nc hng I, II, III, v IV ca Cc o c v Bn nh nc ban hnh nm 1976 iu 3. B trng, Th trng cc c quan ngang B, c quan trc thuc Chnh ph, Ch tch y ban nhn dn cc tnh , thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng v cc t chc, c nhn c lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Thng t ny./. KT. B TRNG TH TRNG ( k) Nguyn Vn c

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 04: 2009/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V XY DNG LI TA National technical regulation on establisment of Horizotal control network

QCVN 04 : 2009/BTNMT do C c o c v Bn Vit Nam bin son, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh thm nh, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh theo Thng t s: 06/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 6 nm 2009.

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V XY DNG LI TA

(Ban hnh km theo Thng t s: 06 /2009/TT-BTNMT, ngy 18 thng 6 nm 2009 Quy nh v Quy chun k thut quc gia v xy dng li ta )

I. QUY NH CHUNG 1. Phm vi iu chnh Quy chun ny quy nh yu cu k thut trong vic xy dng li ta quc gia v l mt thnh phn ca chun h quy chiu ta quc gia. 2. i tng p dng Quy chun ny p dng i vi t chc, c nhn hot ng o c v bn t lin, vng tri v vng bin thuc ch quyn v quyn ti phn ca nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam khi c hot ng lin quan n vic xy dng li ta quc gia. Trng hp iu c quc t m nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l thnh vin c quy nh khc vi quy nh ca quy chun ny th p dng cc quy nh ca iu c quc t . 3. Gii thch thut ng: Cc thut ng trong quy chun ny c hiu nh sau: 3.1. Cnh 0 (cnh c chiu d i bng 0): L mt khi nim thng c s dng trong kim tra cc my thu tn hiu v tinh bng cch kt ni mt ng ten thu tn hiu v tinh vi hai my thu tn hiu v tinh thng qua b cp chia tn hiu. 3.2. Gin cch thu tn hiu (Data Sampling): L khong thi gian c tnh bng n v giy tr o c ghi vo b nh ca my thu. 3.3. Cnh c lp (Independent Baseline): Trong cng mt ca o c n my thu tn hiu v tinh tham gia, tng s cnh (Baselines) c th tnh c l n(n-1)/2 nhng ch c n -1 cc cnh ny l c lp, cc cnh cn li c gi l cc cnh
1

thng c to ra t cc t hp ca d liu pha c dng tnh cc cnh c lp. Mt cnh c o trong 2 ca o khc nhau l c lp. 3.4. Trt chu k (Cycle Slips): Trong cng ngh GPS cng nh cc cng ngh o khong cch bng tr o pha sng ti khc ti mt thi im nhn tn hiu thit b ch c th o c chnh xc lch pha gia sng n v sng i trong khi khong cch cn xc nh c tnh d= n. + . ( l lch pha o c). Nh vy, cn xc nh s nguyn ln bc sng t v tinh n my thu (n). Thng thng vi ch x l o tnh cn mt khong thi gian nht nh x l o lp xc nh gi tr n ban u ny. Vi vic x l o tnh nhanh c th kt hp vi gi khong cch t tr o Code xc nh s n ban u vi thi gian nhanh hn. Sau khi xc nh c s nguyn ban u, cc phn mm x l Real time hoc x l sau s duy tr vic theo di s n thng qua s tr o lch pha lin tip. Khi gi tr lch pha ln hn 1 chu k th s n c tnh li n=n+1 v gi tr lch pha = 1 chu k. Khi gi tr lch pha < 0 th s n c tnh li n=n-1 v gi tr lch pha =1 chu k + . Nhng trong thc t tn hiu c th b mt, vic duy tr theo di s n b gin on y c gi l hin tng trt chu k. Nh vy, sau khi tn hiu thu c tr li, vic xc nh li s n ban u mi cng phi tin hnh li. 3.5. Li gii tr nguyn a tr (Ambiguity Resolution): Trong tr o pha, s lng chu k ca sng mang gia my thu v v tinh thng thng trong ln thu tn hiu u tin l khng bit c v c gi l tr nguyn a tr v l mt s nguyn. Sai phn n (Single differences) v sai phn kp (Double differences) cng b nh hng bi tr nguyn a tr, c to bi t hp tuyn tnh ca nhng tr o pha (v d mt tr nguyn a tr n hoc kp khc bit). Khi s ca nhng tr nguyn a tr khng xc nh chnh xc c, phn mm x l c th t c lng chng. Trong vi trng hp, nhng c lng gi tr thc (real-valued) ny c th c s dng hiu chnh cc gi tr nguyn chnh xc m nhng gi tr ny sau c gi c nh. Nhng iu ln lt c gi l li gii nguyn a tr (Ambiguity Resolution) v c nh tr nguyn a tr (Ambiguity fixing). V nguyn tc, li gii Fixed s c s dng khi cc tr nguyn a tr c th quy c v s nguyn chnh xc vi sai s nh (sai s mc 0.15 chu k). Trng hp khi tr nguyn a tr quy v s nguyn vi sai s ln ngi ta s s dng s thc -Li gii Float. y l li gii gn ng v thng thng c s dng khi khong cch gia hai im ln v s do ngi x l quyt nh. 3.6. Lch v tinh qung b: (Broadcast Ephemeris hoc Broadcast Ephemerides): L tp d liu cha thng tin d bo tham s qu o ca v tinh mt qung thi gian no c pht cng vi tn hiu v tinh m my thu c th thu c. 3.7. Lch v tinh chnh xc: (Precise Ephemeris hoc Precise Ephemerides): L tp d liu cha thng tin tham s qu o chnh xc ca v tinh do cc trm theo di v tinh trn mt t xc nh thng qua vic x l tng hp v c cung
2

cp trn mng sau mt khong thi gian nht nh. 3.8. Sai phn n (Single Difference, First Difference): Hiu cc tr o pha thu c ti hai my thu ng thi n t cng mt v tinh. 3.9. Sai phn kp (Double Difference, Second Difference): Hiu ca hai sai phn n thu c ti hai my thu ng thi n t hai v tinh. 3.10. Sai phn bi (Triple Difference, Double Difference Rate/Epoch Differences): Hiu ca hai sai phn kp gia cc epochs lin tip. 3.11. Tm pha (Phase center): l ni chuyn cc tn hiu sng thnh cc tn hiu mch in. 3.12. Geoid: L mt ng th khng nhiu, c xc nh l mt ph hp nht vi mt nc bin trung bnh. 3.13. cao thy chun: l cao theo phng dy di t im ang xt so vi Geoid v vung gc vi b mt Geoid. 3.14. cao trc a (Ellipsoid height): l khong cch theo phng php tuyn t im ang xt n Ellipsoid tham chiu. 3.15. cao Geoid (Goid height, Geoid undulation): L khong cch gia Ellipsoid tham chiu v Geoid. 3.16. H cao quc gia: L h cao c s dng thng nht trong ton quc c im gc cao ti Sn-Hi Phng. 4. T ng vit tt: 4.1. GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System): L thut ng ch h thng dn ng bng v tinh ton cu. 4.2. GPS (Global Positioning System): L h thng nh v ton cu ca c quan hng khng v tr M. 4.3. GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System): L h thng dn ng bng v tinh ton cu ca c quan hng khng v tr Nga. 4.4. GALILEO: L h thng dn ng bng v tinh ton cu ca c quan hng khng v tr Chu u. 4.5. IGS (International GNSS Service): L tn T chc quc t cung cp cc dch v v h thng GNSS, l mt hip hi t nguyn lin kt hn 200 i din cung cp ngun v qun l cc trm c nh GPS, GLONASS vi mc ch cung cp cc sn phm tt nht v GNSS nh qu o v tinh, tn s quay ca tri t, cc thng tin. 4.6. VN-2000: L tn H quy chiu v H ta quc gia hin hnh ca Vit Nam c thng nht p dng trong c nc theo Quyt nh s 83/2000/Q-TTg
3

ngy 12/07/2000 ca Th tng Chnh ph. 4.7. UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator): L li chiu hnh tr ngang ng gc. 4.8. ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame): L H quy chiu trc a quc t hin nay c cng nhn nh mt h quy chiu trc a chun quc t. 4.9. RINEX (Receiver INdependent EXchange format): L chun d liu tr o GNSS theo khun dng d liu ASCII c s dng thun tin cho vic x l khng ph thuc my thu hoc phn mm. 4.10. ARP (Antenna Reference Point): L mt im xc nh trn ng ten dng quy chiu cc thng s ca ng ten nh: khong cch ti tm pha L1/ L2, lch tm pha L1/L2, bn knh ng ten II. QUY NH K THUT 1. Quy nh chung v li to quc gia 1.1. Li to quc gia l li khng ch ta c bn, thng nht trong ton quc phc v cho cc nghin cu khoa hc, o v bn a hnh, bn a chnh, thnh lp c s d liu a l v cc loi bn chuyn khc. 1.2. Li to quc gia bao gm: Li to cp 0, li ta hng I, li to hng II v li to hng III khc nhau v chnh xc, mt phn b im, mc ch s dng, phng php xy dng v trnh t pht trin ca li. Li ta hng I l mng li hin ang tn ti nhng khng xy dng li do vy trong phm vi ca quy chun ny ch a ra cc quy nh k thut c th cho li ta cp 0, hng II v hng III. 1.3. Li to quc gia c xy dng ch yu bng cng ngh GNSS. 1.4. Li to quc gia c tnh ton trong H quy chiu v H to VN-2000, c im gc l N00. cao ca cc im trong li to quc gia c tnh theo h cao quc gia. Ring li ta cp 0 c tnh ton trong hai h ta : VN-2000 v ITRF. 1.5. Gi tr to ca cc im trong li to quc gia c biu th trn mt phng theo li chiu UTM mi 6o kinh tuyn trc l 105o kinh ng (i vi mi th 48), mi 6o kinh tuyn trc l 111o kinh ng (i vi mi th 49) v mi 6o kinh tuyn trc l 117o kinh ng (i vi mi th 50), t l bin dng chiu di trn kinh tuyn trc trong c ba trng hp l 0.9996. 1.6. Li to cp 0 l li c chnh xc cao nht, c phn b vi mt khong 10.000km2-15.000km2/im vi khong cch trung bnh gia cc im t
4

100km-150km. Trong mt s trng hp c xy dng ring cho cc mc ch c bit nh nghin cu khoa hc, an ninh quc phng c th c phn b vi mt dy hn. Li to cp 0 c o lp vi chu k 15 nm/ln. phc v cho vic gn kt li to quc gia vi ITRF theo quan im h to ng, mt s im trong li c o lp vi chu k 1nm/ln. 1.7. Li to hng II l li to tng dy trung gian lm c s pht trin li to hng III c phn b vi mt khong 700km2-1000km2/im vi khong cch trung bnh gia cc im t 25km-30km. Cc im gc c s dng pht trin li to hng II l cc im to cp 0. Li to hng II c xy dng ch yu theo phng php thit k thnh mng li trn phm vi rng. Trong trng hp c bit, khi c nhu cu xy dng mt vi im phc v cho cc mc ch ring hoc khi phc im b mt, b ph hy c php xy dng theo phng php chm im. Khi xy dng li ta hng II, vic b tr cc im o ni hng cao c thc hin theo nguyn tc: - Trng hp thit k thnh mng li trn phm vi rng li to hng II phi c o ni vi t nht 5 im to cp 0 trong c 4 im b tr ti cc gc v 1 im b tr ti trung tm ca li ng thi o ni vi tt c cc im ta cp 0 khc c trong phm vi xy dng li; - Trng hp chm im, im to hng II phi c o ni vi t nht 3 im to cp 0 b tr cc v tr cch u v 3 pha ca im. 1.8. Li to hng III l li to lm c s pht trin cc li khng ch o v c phn b vi mt khong 5km2-15km2/im i vi khu vc ng bng v 25km2-50km2/im i vi khu vc min ni. Khong cch trung bnh gia cc im trong li to hng III l 2km-4km i vi khu vc ng bng v 5km-7km i vi khu vc min ni. Trong trng hp c bit, khi xy dng li to hng III khu vc min ni khng th b tr c im theo mt quy nh, khong cch gia cc im trong li hng III c php ko di hn nhng khng c vt qu 2 ln. Li ta hng III phi c o ni vi cc im khng ch ta hng cao phc v cho vic xc nh ta v phi c o ni vi cc im khng ch cao hng cao phc v cho vic xc nh cao. Cc im gc ta hng cao c s dng xy dng li to hng III l cc im to cp 0 v ta hng II; cc im gc cao hng cao c s dng xy dng li to hng III l cc im cao quc gia c chnh xc t hng III tr ln. Li to hng III c xy dng ch yu theo phng php thit k thnh mng li trn phm vi rng. Trong trng hp c bit, khi c nhu cu xy dng
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mt vi im phc v cho cc mc ch ring hoc khi phc im b mt, b ph hy c php xy dng theo phng php chm im. a) Khi xy dng li ta hng III theo phng php thit k thnh mng li trn phm vi rng, cc im o ni hng cao c b tr theo nguyn tc: - Li thit k phi c o ni vi t nht 8 im to quc gia c chnh xc t hng II tr ln trong c 4 im b tr ti cc gc v t nht 1 im b tr ti trung tm ca li ng thi o ni vi tt c cc im ta cp 0 v ta hng II khc c trong phm vi xy dng li; - Li thit k phi c o ni vi t nht 5 im cao quc gia c chnh xc t hng III tr ln trong 4 im b tr ti cc gc v 1 im b tr ti trung tm ca li, ng thi trong phm vi xy dng li c khong 2000km2 3000km2 phi b tr mt im khng ch cao. Trng hp cc im cao quc gia trong khu o khng tha mn yu cu trn c php thit k o ni cao theo quy trnh o thy chun hng III cho mt s im trong li m bo mt . b) Khi chm im ta hng III phi b tr cc im o ni hng cao theo nguyn tc: - Cc im ta hng III phi c o ni vi t nht 3 im to quc gia c chnh xc t hng II tr ln b tr cc v tr cch u v 3 pha ca im; - Cc im ta hng III c o ni trc tip cao bng phng php thy chun hnh hc theo quy trnh o thy chun hng IV da trn cc im cao quc gia hng I, II, III. Trng hp im thit k nm cc v tr khng thun tin cho vic o thy chun hnh hc hoc qu xa cc im cao quc gia hng I, II, III c php khng xc nh cao cho im ta hng III. 2. Thit k li to quc gia 2.1. Vic thit k k thut li to nhm m bo cc yu cu v k thut v m bo tnh thng nht cho ton b mng li to quc gia ng thi l c s cho vic d ton kinh ph trin khai. Li to ch c thi cng khi thit k k thut - d ton c cp c thm quyn ph duyt. 2.2. Trc khi lp thit k k thut phi tin hnh iu tra, thu thp, nghin cu v phn tch cc ti liu c lin quan trong phm vi khu o, bao gm: a) Hin trng mng li to , cao c trong khu o: S li; ghi ch im, gi tr to , cao; b) Bn a hnh t l 1/50.000 (khi thit k li to hng II, li ta hng III) hoc 1/1.000.000 (khi thit k li to cp 0) trong phm vi khu o;
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c) Cc ti liu khc v giao thng, thu h, cht t, c im dn c, kinh t, x hi. 2.3. Thit k k thut li to c thc hin tun t theo cc bc: Thit k s b, kho st thc a, thit k chnh thc. a) Thit k s b: Trn c s cc ti liu thu thp c quy nh ti khon 2.2 mc 2 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny, tin hnh thit k s b mng li. Nguyn tc c bn nht ca bc ny s dng tt c cc im ta hng cao, cao hng cao c trong khu o kt hp vi cc ti liu v giao thng, thy h, cht t tin hnh thit k s b li theo cc ch tiu k thut c bn i vi tng cp hng. b) Kho st thc a: Vic kho st thc a c tin hnh sau bc thit k s b. Trn c s thit k s b tin hnh kho st ton b khu vc cn thit k trong c bit lu ti cc thng tin v s tn ti ca cc cc im ta hng cao, cao hng cao thc a cng nh kh nng s dng cc im ny cho o ngm. i vi cc mc thit k mi, phi lu kh nng chn im cc khu vc a hnh kh khn, dn c ng c. Kt thc qu trnh kho st phi lp bo co kho st phc v cho vic thit k chnh thc. c) Thit k chnh thc: Trn c s thit k s b kt hp vi bo co kho st tin hnh thit k chnh thc. Kt thc bc cng vic ny phi th hin s mng li thit k trn my vi tnh km theo cc thuc tnh c bn: s hiu im, to gn ng ca im trn h to VN-2000. Trn s thit k chnh thc phi s dng cc k hiu r rng v thng nht th hin cc im ta hng cao, cc im cao hng cao c s dng v cc im ta c o ni cao. 2.4. Cc ch tiu k thut c bn khi thit k li to c quy nh trong bng 1 di y: Bng 1
TT 21 Ch tiu k thut Khong cch trung bnh gia 2 im - ng bng - Min ni Khong cch ti a gia 2 im: -ng bng - Min ni Cp 0 100km-150km Hng II 25km-30km 2km-4km 5km-7km 200km 30km 40km 7km 15km Hng III

22

33

Khong cch ti thiu gia 2 im: - ng bng - Min ni S hng o ni ti thiu ti 1 im S cnh c lp ti thiu ti 1 im S im khng ch to ti thiu

70km 15km 25km 5 3 Khng quy nh 4 2 5 100km Khng quy nh Khng quy nh 1,5km 4km 3 2 8 50km 5 75km

44 55 66 87 98 19

Khong cch ti a t mt im bt k trong li n im khng ch ta Khng quy nh cp cao gn nht S im khng ch cao ti thiu Khng quy nh Khong cch ti a t mt im bt k trong li n cc im khng ch Khng quy nh cao gn nht

Khong cch ti a gia hai im v khong cch ti a t mt im bt k trong li n im khng ch hng cao gn nht quy nh bng trn khng p dng i vi trng hp xy dng cc im to cp 0, hng II, hng III trn cc khu vc o, qun o hoc i vi trng hp chm im. 2.5. Nguyn tc nh s hiu im: a) nh s hiu im trong li to cp 0: S hiu im trong li cp 0 gm 3 ch s c nh s t 001 n 999 theo nguyn tc t tri sang phi, t trn xung di. b) nh s hiu im trong li to hng II: S hiu im trong li hng II bao gm nm (05) ch s, trong ba (03) ch s u l phin hiu mnh bn a hnh t l 1/100.000 nm trong mnh bn t l 1/1.000.000 cng thm: - 000 i vi mnh bn F-48 - 100 i vi mnh bn F-49 - 200 i vi mnh bn E-48 - 300 i vi mnh bn E-49 - 400 i vi mnh bn D-48 - 600 i vi mnh bn C-48 - 700 i vi mnh bn C-49 - 800 i vi mnh bn D-49 Hai (02) ch s tip theo l s th t ca im ta hng II c trong mnh bn t l 1/100.000 c nh s t 21 theo nguyn tc t tri sang phi, t trn xung di.
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V d: im ta hng II u tin thuc mnh bn t l 1/100.000 c phin hiu mnh l C-48-54 s c s hiu im l 65421. c) nh s hiu im trong li to hng III. S hiu im trong li hng III bao gm su (06) ch s, trong ba (03) ch s u c nh s tng t nh i vi im ta hng II. Ba (03) ch s tip theo l s th t ca im ta hng III c trong mnh bn t l 1/100.000 c nh s t 001 theo nguyn tc t tri sang phi, t trn xung di v cng thm 400. V d: im ta hng III u tin thuc mnh bn t l 1/100.000 c phin hiu mnh l C-48-54 s c s hiu im l 654401. d) Trng hp cc im thuc mi 6o kinh tuyn trc l 117o kinh ng vic nh s hiu im s c quy nh ring trong cc thit k k thut. Trc khi nh s hiu im trong li phi thu thp y v thng tin s hiu im ca cc mc ang tn ti thc a m bo vic nh s hiu im khng b trng. Trng hp khi phc im b mt, b ph hy s hiu im c gi nguyn nh s hiu im c, trng hp chm im hoc chm li s hiu im c nh theo nguyn tc l s tip theo ca s hiu im ln nht hin ang tn ti thc a tng ng vi cp hng ca mng li . 2.6. o ni vi im hng cao. Li ta quc gia phi c thit k o ni vi cc im hng cao theo quy nh ti khon 1.7, khon 1.8 mc 1 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny. Khi thit k o ni cao thu chun cho cc im trong li to hng III theo quy nh ti khon 1.8 mc 1 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny phi da vo cc im cao hng I, hng II c trong khu o. Trng hp trong phm vi 1km so vi im to cn thit k c tn ti cc im cao quc gia hng I, II, III c kh nng thu c tn hiu v tinh th phi tn dng mc ca cc im cao quc gia ny lm mc ca im to cn thit k. 2.7. hnh o ni Li ta quc gia phi o ni theo hnh li tam gic dy c. Hng o ni c thit k theo th t u tin sau: - Tha mn iu kin 4, 5 quy nh ti bng 1; - S hng o ni ti cc im ta hng cao l ti a; - S hng o ni ti cc im cao quc gia (hoc cc im trong li c thit k o ni cao) l ti a; - Khong cch ni gia cc im l ngn nht.
9

2.8. Ti liu giao np: - Bo co kho st trong nu r c im a l t nhin ca khu vc thit k li, tnh hnh t liu o c bn hin c; - Bn a hnh ca khu o th hin cc im c thit k; - S mng li thit k dng in trn giy v dng s; 3. Kho st chn im li ta quc gia 3.1.Cng tc kho st chn im li ta ch c tin hnh sau khi thit k k thut d ton c ph duyt. 3.2.Quy nh v vic chn im li to thc a: - V tr chn im phi l cc v tr c kh nng tn ti thc a lu di, c nn t vng chc, n nh, nhng v tr quang ng v cch xa cc cng trnh kin trc ln, c v tr thun li cho vic o ngm, c kh nng pht trin cho cc li cp thp hn, nm ngoi l gii cc ng giao thng c quy hoch. i vi trng hp ng giao thng cha c quy hoch hoc khu vc c ng st chy qua th im c chn phi v tr cch mp ng giao thng hoc cch mp ng st t nht 50m; - V tr c chn phi c gc m ln bu tri ln hn 150o, trong trng hp c bit cc khu vc th th v tr im c chn cng phi c gc m ln hn 120o v ch c php che khut v mt pha; - im c chn phi xa cc trm thu pht sng ti thiu 500m; xa cc trm bin th, ng dy cao th, trm cao p t nht 50m; - Hn ch chn im ti cc v tr gn mi nh kim loi, cy ci m, cc nh cao tng v hng ro dy thp gai. - Khng c php chn im cc v tr di khe, sui, st ta-luy, di tn cy. 3.3. Vic x dch v tr im ngoi thc a so vi thit k ch c php trong phm vi 500m i vi khu vc th v 1km i vi cc khu vc khc; c php thay i hnh o ni nu hnh mi m bo cht ch hn. 3.4. Khi chn im cho li to hng II, hng III, i vi cc im khng thit k o ni cao, gn cc vt kin trc n nh ng thi m bo cc quy nh ti khon 3.2 mc 2 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny th c php thit k mc gn trn vt kin trc . V tr t mc gn trn vt kin trc phi m bo cho vic o c sau ny c thun tin, d dng; tn dng im cao quc gia lm im to theo quy nh ti khon 2.6 mc 2 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny. 3.5. Qu trnh chn im to m pht hin im to cp cao hn trong khu o b mt, b ph hy th phi lp bin bn c xc nhn ca UBND cp x hoc
10

ca n v c trch nhim qun l mc ti a phng trong phi ghi r cc l do c th nh: do lm ng, do xy dng, do b ph hoi, khi c php thit k li mng li khu vc ny v bo co cp c thm quyn ph duyt gii quyt. Khng c xem cc mc cha tm thy l cc mc b mt. 3.6. i vi cc im ta cp 0 c s dng trong qu trnh o ni vi ITRF mc phi c chn nhng v tr thun tin cho vic o thng xuyn v phi c thit k trong cc khun vin m bo vic bo qun lu di. 3.7. Tn im to c ly theo tn a danh trong Danh mc a danh. Tn im to trong cng mt mnh bn t l 1:50.000 khng c trng nhau. 3.8. Sau khi chn im xong phi tin hnh nh du v tr im ti thc a bng cc g hoc b-tng ng thi phi gii quyt cc th tc v s dng t hoc s dng cng trnh lm ni t mc, bo m tit kim t v s dng lu di. 3.9. Khi kt thc cng tc chn im phi tin hnh tu chnh ti liu v giao np cc sn phm sau: - S chn im li to t l 1:100.000 hoc 1:250.000 trn ghi r tn im, s hiu im, cc tuyn o ni cao (nu c), h thng giao thng, thu vn chnh, cc im dn c chnh; - Bn tng kt cng tc chn im trong phi trnh by r nhng vn c thay i so vi thit k k thut d ton c ph duyt v cc vn c bit khc (nu c). 4. Xy dng mc v tng vy im ta quc gia 4.1. Cc im to quc gia phi xy dng mc v tng vy bo v mc. 4.2. Quy nh v xy dng mc trong li to : a) Mc trong li ta cp 0: - Mc trong li to cp 0 ti cc im c s dng o ni hng nm vi ITRF v phc v quan trc dch chuyn c thit k ring m bo tuyt i khng b ln hoc x dch. Ty theo iu kin a cht m thit k mc cho ph hp; - Cc mc khc trong li ta cp 0 c thit k gm c 3 tng mc. Quy cch mc c trnh by ph lc 1. b) Mc trong li ta hng II, ta hng III: Mc trong li ta hng II, ta hng III c thit k gm c 2 tng mc. Quy cch mc c trnh by ph lc 2. 4.3. Du mc to c lm bng s hoc kim loi khng r c vch khc
11

ch thp tm mc. Trn mt mc ghi s hiu im (s hiu im c ghi chm so vi mt mc. Trng hp tn dng cc mc cao quc gia lm mc to quc gia phi khc b sung ch thp vi lc nt 0.5mm tm du mc. Khng ghi b sung s hiu ca im ta ln mt mc. Quy cch du mc c trnh by ph lc 3. 4.4. Tng vy bo v mc to c kch thc v rng, chiu cao v dy tng ng l 1m x 0,5m x 0,2m. Trn mt tng vy ghi cc thng tin v c quan qun l mc, s hiu im, thi gian chn mc Trng hp tn dng cc mc cao quc gia lm mc to quc gia phi ghi b sung s hiu ca im to ln mt tng vy. Quy cch tng vy c trnh by ph lc 4. 4.5. Mc v tng vy phi c lm bng b-tng t mc M25 (39 TCVN 6025 1995) tr ln. Mc phi c trc ri mi em chn. Trng hp a hnh kh khn c php trc tip thc a. Tng vy trc tip thc a. Thi gian t khi b tng n khi tho khun ph thuc vo thi tit nhng khng c t hn 48 gi i vi mc cp 0 c thit k o ni vi ITRF v khng t hn 24 gi i vi cc mc cn li. Mc c chn su di t, mt trn ca mc c np y bng b-tng cch mt t 30cm. Sau khi chn mc xong mi tin hnh b-tng tng vy. Mt tng vy phi cao hn so vi mt t 20cm. Sau khi chn mc v tng vy xong phi t vo trong khun vin tng vy bo v mc. Khi chn mc cc khu vc c mc nc ngm cao, t mm hoc m ly th trc ht phi m cht lp t di y h, ng cc c chiu di ti thiu 1m, ng knh 0,1m di, pha trn cc phi lt thm mt lp dm hoc si ri mi tin hnh chn mc. Khi chn mc vng t phn chua, nc mn phi la chn loi xi-mng thch hp. Tuyt i khng chn, chn mc cp 0 nhng khu vc ny. Mp mc v mp tng vy song song vi nhau, ch vit trn mt mc v mt tng vy quay v ng hng Bc. Khi chn mc phi lm vn di im a tm cc tng mc trng nhau theo phng dy di. Vn di khng c cao hn mt t 1,5m. lch tm gia cc tng mc khng c vt qu 2mm i vi mc trong li to cp 0 v 3mm i vi cc li to hng II v III. Chiu cao gia tm cc tng mc c o bng thc thp chnh xc ti mm. 4.6. Sau khi vic chn mc v tng vy kt thc, phi tin hnh lp ghi ch im v bin bn bn giao mc cho a phng. Ghi ch im phi c in vit y , r rng, chnh xc, m bo thun tin v d dng cho ngi s dng. Bin bn bn giao mc phi km theo s v tr v tnh trng mc ti thc a cho UBND x, phng, th trn vi s c mt ca ch s dng t hoc ch s hu cng trnh ni t mc. Quy cch lp ghi ch im v mu bin bn bn giao mc
12

c trnh by ph lc 5 v ph lc 6. 4.7. Khi kt thc qu trnh chn mc phi tin hnh tu chnh ti liu v giao np cc sn phm sau: a) Ghi ch im to ; b) Bin bn bn giao mc to ; c) Bo co cht lng v qu trnh chn mc, xy tng vy; d) Cc bin bn kim tra nghim thu cp n v thi cng. 5. Cng ngh v thit b s dng trong o li to quc gia 5.1. Cng ngh s dng trong o li to l cng ngh GNSS, s dng cc my thu tn hiu v tinh t cc h thng nh v ton cu nh: GPS, GLONAS, GALILEO v phn mm chuyn dng o c, tnh ton xc nh to v cao cho im to . 5.2. My thu tn hiu v tinh s dng trong o li to cp 0, hng II l loi my 2 tn s (dual frequency) tr ln thu y c tr o phase v code. My thu tn hiu v tinh s dng trong o li to hng III bao gm loi my 1 tn s (single frequency) v 2 tn s tr ln. chnh xc ca cc loi my thu s dng trong o li ta tng ng vi tng cp hng c quy nh ti bng 2 Bng 2 Cp hng li Li ta cp 0 Li ta hng II Li ta hng III chnh xc v mt phng khi o ch tnh hoc tnh nhanh 5mm + 0.5 x 10-6 D 5mm + 1.0 x 10-6 D 10mm + 2.0 x 10-6 D

5.3. ng ten s dng trong o li to cp 0 l ng ten loi 2 tn s c vnh chng nhiu (geodetic antenna). ng ten s dng trong o li to hng II l ng ten loi 2 tn s (khuyn khch s dng loi c chng nhiu). ng ten s dng trong o li to hng III l ng ten loi mt tn s v 2 tn s. Cc thng s ca ng ten ly theo b thng s xc nh bi IGS khi o li ta cp 0. Trng hp o li ta hng II, ta hng III thng s ca ng ten ly theo b thng s xc nh bi IGS hoc theo thng s ng ten cung cp bi chnh hng. 5.4. Cc my thu tn hiu v tinh s dng trong o li ta quc gia phi ng b v c kim tra, kim nh bi nh sn xut thit b theo quy nh ca tng loi v phi c vn bn xc nhn ca hng. Cc thit b mi mua v phi kim
13

tra trn bi chun, trn cc im cp 0 hoc kim tra bng phng php o cnh 0. Gi tr cnh 0 c xc nh t hai my thu tn hiu v tinh phi c gi tr nh hn 5mm (thi gian thu tn hiu 1 gi, thu c tn hiu ti thiu t 6 v tinh, PDOP <5.0). 5.5. Cc thit b khc nh ngun in, chn my, b phn di tm quang hc phi kim tra k trc khi s dung, chn my phi m bo chc chn, sai s ca b phn di tm quang hc khng c php vt qu 1mm. 6. o li ta quc gia 6.1. Li ta quc gia o theo phng php tnh (Static) i vi li ta cp 0, phng php tnh hoc tnh nhanh (Fast static, Quick Static, Rapid Static) i vi li ta hng II, hng III. 6.2. Ty theo hnh thit k, s lng my thu tn hiu v tinh tham gia o li b tr cc ca o cho thch hp v c bit lu ti iu kin cnh c lp ti thiu ti mt im theo quy nh ti bng 1. 6.3. Trc khi o li ta hng II, li ta hng III phi tin hnh xc nh khong thi gian o ti u trong ngy cho khu o trn c s s dng lch v tinh qung b mi nht, v tr khu o cn xc nh l ta trng tm ca khu o. Khong thi gian o ti u c xc nh mt ln trc khi o ca u tin v c s dng cho cc ca o ca cc ngy k tip theo nguyn tc ngy hm sau o sm hn ngy hm trc 4 pht. Trong sut qu trnh thi cng li phi thng xuyn theo di s thay i bt thng ca v tinh iu chnh thi gian o cho thch hp. i vi cc im c mt hng b khut nhng vn tha mn iu kin khon 3.2 mc 3 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny phi lu chn khong thi gian o khng c v tinh bay qua hng . Khi o li cp 0, khng thc hin vic xc nh khong thi gian o ti u, thi gian bt u o c n nh l 7 gi sng (gi Vit Nam) tng ng vi 0 gi (gi UTC). 6.4. Cc yu cu c bn khi o li ta quc gia c th hin bng 3 Bng 3
Cp 0 Yu cu k thut Loi my thu Thi gian o ng thi ti thiu S v tinh khe ti thiu Gi tr PDOP ln nht cho php Thng 2 tn 24 gi --14 o ni ITRF 2 tn 7 ngy --Hng II 2 tn 4 gi 5 4.0 Hng III S15km 1 tn 2 gi 5 4.0 S>15km 2 tn 2 gi 5 4.0

 suy gim hnh hc v tinh ln nht GDOP (Geometric Dilution Of Precision) Gc ngng cao (elevation mask) ci t trong my thu Gin cch thu tn hiu

-10o 15 giy

-10o 30 giy

7.0 10o -15o 15 giy

7.0 10o -15o 15 giy

7.0 10o -15o 15 giy

- Gin cch thu tn hiu trong bng trn l gin cch thu tn hiu ti thiu phi t trong my thu. Chp nhn vic t gin cch thu tn hiu trong my thu l c s ca 15 giy bao gm: 1 giy, 3 giy, 5 giy. - Khuyn khch ci t gc ngng cao trong my thu l 10o cho tt c cc trng hp. - Khi khong cch gia hai im vt qu 40km i vi li ta hng II v 20km i vi li ta hng III phi tng khong thi gian o ph hp, thi gian o thm 20 pht cho mi 10km vt qu khong cch quy nh. 6.5. Qu trnh o li ta thc a phi bo m cc yu cu sau: a) Chn my phi t chc chn trn im, di tm chnh xc vo giao ch thp ca tm mc vi sai s cho php l 1mm. Trng hp s dng mc cao lm mc ta phi tin hnh khc du ch thp trn mt mc trc khi t my o. b) im nh du trn ng ten phi c t quay v hng Bc vi sai lch cho php 100. c) Chiu cao ng ten c o c lp ba (03) ln bng thc i km ng ten hoc thc thp, c s n mm vo thi im bt u o, gia khi o v trc khi tt my thu v ghi ra s o. i vi cc my thu cho php nhp trc tip cao ng ten trc khi tt my phi tnh cao ng ten trung b nh v nhp vo my. Khng c t thay i cao ng ten trong sut qu trnh o ngm. d) Trong thi tit nng nng phi s dng hoc vi che my v ng ten, khng s dng c cn st trnh nh hng n cht lng thu tn hiu. Trng hp tri ma phi s dng nilon che cho my, ng ten v ngun in. Vi v nilon che my khng s dng loi qu dy hoc qu mng. ) Phi thng xuyn theo di hot ng ca my v ngun in trong sut qu trnh o. Trng hp ngun in b gin on nhng khng qu 15 pht c php tip tc o sau khi khc phc ngun in, nu qu 15 pht phi tin hnh o li. 6.6. Tn tp d liu (file) o gm 8 ch s c cu trc dng xxxx-ddd-s, trong : - xxxx: l 4 ch s cui ca s hiu im;
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- ddd: l s th t ca ngy trong nm (day of year); - s: l th t ca ca o trong ngy (session number). V d: Khi o ti im ta hng III c s hiu im l 651442 vo ngy 1 thng 2 (tng ng vi ngy th 32 trong nm) v l ca o th hai trong ngy tn file o s l: 14420322.???. Trong ??? l phn m rng ca tn file ph thuc thit b o. 6.7. Ti trm my ngoi thc a phi tin hnh ghi s y theo cc mc ca s o. Ch, s in vit trong s o phi r rng, chnh xc, sch s v khng c ty xa, nu vit nhm phi gch s sai v vit s ng ln trn ng thi ghi r nguyn nhn. Mu s o GNSS c trnh by ph lc 7. 6.8. Ty thuc vo b nh ca my thu m tin hnh truyn d liu t my thu ra my tnh gii phng b nh cho my thu. S dng cc phn mm i km my thu truyn d liu ra my tnh nhm m bo an ton cho d liu. Khi truyn d liu ra my tnh lu bin tp li tn file o (i vi cc my thu khng cho php t tn file o thc a) theo quy nh ti khon 6.6 mc 6 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny ng thi bin tp li tn trm o y (Long name). 6.9. Sau khi kt thc vic o li thc a phi tin hnh giao np s liu o, s o v cc ti liu c lin quan sau: a) S liu GNSS giao np tnh ton v lu tr bao gm hai (02) dng: - S liu o gc (Raw data): L s liu o tn hiu v tinh theo khun dng c quy nh bi hng sn xut my thu tn hiu v tinh sau khi c bin tp y theo cc quy nh ti khon 6.6 v khon 6.8 mc 6 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny. - S liu o dng RINEX (Receive r INdependent Exchange) phin bn 2.10 tr ln. Tn file RINEX c dng: xxxxddds.yyo, xxxxddds.yyn trong : - xxxxddds: c quy nh nh khon 6.6 mc 6 phn II; - yy: hai s cui ca nm (v d i vi nm 2008 yy c gi tr l 08); - o : k hiu i vi file tr o (observation); - n : k hiu i vi file lch v tinh (navigation). Vic chuyn i khun dng t s liu o gc sang s liu o dng RINEX c thc hin bng cc phn mm chuyn i d liu i km my thu hoc s dng phn mm TEQC (Tham kho ph lc 9). Trong qu trnh chuyn i s liu o gc sang s liu o dng RINEX phi ng thi tin hnh ci chnh cao ng ten o thc a v cao thng ng ARP (Antenna Reference Point); b) S o GNSS thc a;
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c) Bng thng k s liu o c bin tp cho tng ca o theo mu ph lc 8 di dng in trn giy v dng s (theo khun dng ca Microsoft office word); d) S thi cng o li ta thc a in trn giy v dng s (theo khun dng ha) trong phn bit r cc ca o; ) S o thy chun v cc ti liu kim nghim my mia thy chun (trong trng hp li c thit k o ni cao); e) Bo co tng kt qu trnh o c thc a. 7. Tnh ton, bnh sai li ta quc gia 7.1. Vic tnh ton, bnh sai li ta quc gia thc hin bng vic s dng cc phn mm x l GNSS xc nh gi tr ta , cao ca tt c cc im, ng thi nh gi chnh xc cc im trong li. Vic la chn phn mm x l GNSS phi cn c vo cp hng ca li v loi my thu tn hiu v tinh. 7.2. Cc phn mm s dng trong tnh ton, bnh sai li ta quc gia phi l cc phn mm thng dng trn th gii, c p dng trong x l s liu GNSS Vit Nam. Khi p dng cc phn mm mi, c quan c trch nhim x l s liu o GNSS phi tin hnh th nghim, nh gi mc tin cy ca phn mm. Kt thc qu trnh th nghim c quan thc hin vic th nghim phi gi kt qu km quy trnh, hng dn s dng n c quan qun l o c bn Vit Nam xem xt, nh gi v chp thun. 7.3. Trc khi la chn phn mm p dng phi nghin cu k hng dn s dng ca phn mm v c bit lu n cc khuyn co ca hng xy dng phn mm cho cc trng hp c th khi x l tr o GNSS. 7.4. Trong mt mng li ch c s dng mt phn mm thng nht. Vic la chn phn mm phi nu r trong thit k k thut. Trng hp mt mng li s dng nhiu my thu ca cc hng khc nhau th s dng s liu o dng RINEX theo quy nh ti khon 6.9 mc 6 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny lm s liu u vo. 7.5. Trng hp my thu GNSS c s dng o thc a thu c tn hiu ng thi t nhiu h thng nh v khc nhau (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO) th u tin la chn cc phn mm tnh ton c kh nng x l c tt c cc tr o tng ng . 7.6. Vic bnh sai tng th mng li ta quc gia do c quan qun l o c bn Vit Nam chu trch nhim t chc thc hin. 7.7. Vic x l s liu o li ta quc gia thc hin theo phng php x l tng i trn c s s liu quan trc ng thi t hai (02) hoc nhiu my thu tn hiu v tinh. Trong s dng ton b cc im ta hng cao c o ni l
17

im gc khi tnh ta , s dng ton b cc im cao c o ni lm im gc khi tnh cao. 7.8. chnh xc li ta quc gia sau bnh sai quy nh ti bng 4: Bng 4
Yu cu k thut Sai s v tr im ln nht Sai s cao trc a ln nht Sai s trung phng tng i cnh ln nht Sai s phng v ln nht Cp 0 o ni ITRF <1cm <1cm --Thng 2cm 3cm 1/1.000.000 0.5 Hng II 5cm 7cm 1/500.000 1.0 Hng III 7cm 10cm 1/100.000 2.0

7.9. Nhng nguyn tc c bn trong qu trnh tnh ton khi lc: a) Trc khi tnh ton bnh sai li phi kim tra k ton b s liu o, s o, nh gi s b s liu o, kim tra s ph hp gia cao ng ten ghi s o v cao ng ten trong file s liu o. b) Vic x l khi lc tr o GNSS thc hin trn h ta WGS-84. Gi tr ta a tm gn ng ban u lm gi tr khi tnh khi x l tr o GNSS phi c chnh xc nh hn 1.0m (khi tnh ton li ta cp 0) v nh hn 5.0m (khi tnh ton li ta hng II, hng III). Vic x l khi lc tr o GNSS c khi tnh t cc im gc c ta chnh xc trong h ta WGS-84, sau tnh lan truyn cho ton b mng li. c) Phi tn dng ti a s lng tr o GNSS trong cc file s liu o GNSS khi tnh ton. Khng c t loi b tr o khi kt qu tnh vn m bo cc ch tiu k thut m phn mm chp nhn. Trong trng hp c bit c php loi b ti a 25% tng s tr o GNSS thu nhn c bao gm loi b hon ton mt hay nhiu v tinh, hn ch khong thi gian, loi b tr o thu c gc ngng v tinh thp. d) Gc ngng v tinh trong tnh ton khng c t qu 15o khi tnh ton li ta cp 0 v khng c t qu 20o khi tnh ton li ta hng II, hng III. ) Ty theo iu kin thc t, cn c trn tp s liu o hin c c php: - Tnh ton b sung cc cnh (baselines) trong li; - Loi b mt s cnh sau tnh ton khi lc trong trng hp c cc ch tiu (theo quy nh ring ca phn mm) khng m bo tin cy. Cnh b loi b phi l cnh khng nm trn bin ca li v cc im c lin quan n cnh b
18

loi b vn tha mn cc iu kin ti bng 1. - Thay vic tnh ton cnh ng cho ca mt t gic bng cnh ng cho cn li trong trng hp kt qu tnh cho tin cy cao hn. e) Trong qu trnh tnh ton phi s dng m hnh tng i lu v tng in ly c sn trong phn mm ci chnh. c php la chn mt trong cc m hnh c sn trong phn mm c c kt qu tin cy nht. Vic c tnh cc tham s ring ca tng i lu cho khu vc xy dng li khi s dng cc phn mm c chc nng ny s lm tng tin cy ca kt qu x l. 7.10. Khi tnh ton li ta cp 0 ngoi cc nguyn tc quy nh ti khon 7.9 mc 7 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny phi tun th thm cc yu cu sau: a) Chun b cc thng s cn chnh v tm phase ca ng ten c quy nh bi IGS (Tham kho ph lc 9) kim nghim hoc theo ti liu ca chnh hng. b) Chun b cc thng tin v tham s quay ca cc tri t, m hnh ci chnh nh hng ca thu triu i dng, bng to ca cc hnh tinh thuc h mt tri trong h to sao DE200, m hnh trng trng tri t. c) Thu thp lch v tinh chnh xc (precise ephemerid final orbit) (Tham kho ph lc 9). d) Trong mt s trng hp cn phi thu thp thm m hnh tng i lu v tng in ly cho khu vc v ton cu. ) Thu thp d liu ti cc trm quan trc c nh ca IGS (tham kho ph lc 9) Cc thng tin v d liu ni trn phi c s dng trong qu trnh x l li ta cp 0. 7.11. Khi tnh ton khi lc li ta hng II v li ta hng III ty theo trng hp c th la chn li gii cui cng cho ph hp. Li gii c chp thun l li gii cui cng theo quy nh ti bng 5 Bng 5 Cp hng li Hng II Chiu di cnh <15km 15km-25km 25-50km D, DD, FX D, DD, FX D, DD, FX(25), FT(50)
19

Hng III S, DD, FX D, DD, FX D, DD, FX-FT

>50km

D, DD, FT

D, DD, FT

Trong :

- D: l li gii tn s kp (Dual frequency) - S: L li gii tn s n (Single frequency) - DD: L li gii sai phn kp (Double differences) - FX: L li gii c nh tr nguyn a tr (Ambiguity fixed) - FT: L li gii ng tr nguyn a tr (Ambiguity float) c x l

trt chu k. Khi chiu di cnh ln hn 90km, trong mt s trng hp c bit c s dng li gii sai phn bi (Triple differences) lm li gii cui cng khi c mt tp d liu tr o GNSS c s tr o ln. 7.12. i vi li ta hng II v li ta hng III sau khi x l khi lc cnh phi tin hnh kim tra sai s khp cho ton b mng li thng qua cc gi tr dX, dY, dZ v dH xc nh c trong qu trnh x l khi lc. Vic tnh sai s khp c thc hin thng qua cc hnh tam gic, t gic, a gic trn nguyn tc tt c cc cnh trong li u phi c tham gia t nht vo mt hnh khp. Sai s khp gii hn cho tng cp hng ca li c quy nh trong bng 6 Bng 6 Hng II Tng chiu di vng khp Hng III dH(mm) fs/[S] dH(mm) fs/[S] dc gia cc im 20o 25 [S]km 20 [S]km 20 [S]km 15 [S]km 15 [S]km dc gia cc im >20o 30 [S]km 25 [S]km 25 [S]km 20 [S]km 20 [S]km

<5km 5km-10km 10km-25km 25km-50km >50km

--1/300.000 1/500.000 1/1.000.000

--20 [S]km 15 [S]km 12 [S]km

fs<5cm 1/100.000 1/150.000 1/300.000 1/500.000

Trong :
20

n i 1

n i 1

n i 1

fs = ( dX ) 2 ( dY ) 2 ( dZ ) 2
n

[S] =

i 1

dX 2 dY 2 dZ 2

Cc gi tr dX, dY, dZ l cc gi tr nhn c t vic gii cc cnh (baselines) tham gia vo vng khp. 7.13. Vic bnh sai li ta quc gia ch thc hin sau khi tnh khi lc cnh v kim tra sai s khp cho ton b mng li. Trc khi bnh sai li phi kim tra li ton b kt qu tnh cnh, so snh cc ch tiu k thut t c vi yu cu m phn mm s dng quy nh. Trng hp mt trong cc ch tiu vt hn sai hoc kt qu tnh khp khng t yu cu nh quy nh ti bng 6 phi tin hnh xc nh cnh yu phi tnh li, thay th bng cnh khc hoc loi b cnh. S cnh c php loi b khng c vt qu 2% tng s cnh trong li v phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh ti im khon 7.9 mc 7 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny v cc quy nh ti bng 1. 7.14. Li ta quc gia bnh sai theo cc nguyn tc sau: a) Li ta cp 0 c bnh sai trc tip trong h ta VN-2000 hoc bnh sai trong ITRF sau tnh chuyn v h ta VN-2000 thng qua cc tham s tnh chuyn. Khi bnh sai trong ITRF chnh xc ca li phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh ti bng 4, chnh xc ca li sau tnh chuyn s bao gm sai s khi tnh ton bnh sai li v sai s ca cc tham s tnh chuyn. b) Cc tham s tnh chuyn l cc tham s p dng vo thi im xy dng li c cng b bi c quan qun l nh nc v o c bn . c) Li ta hng II, hng III c bnh sai trc tip trong h ta VN2000. S dng cc m hnh Geoid kt hp vi cc im c o ni cao thy chun xc nh cao thy chun cho tt c cc im trong li theo cng thc: h = H-N Trong : - h: l cao thy chun - H: l cao trc a - N: l cao geoid M hnh Geoid c s dng phi l m hnh Geoid c chnh xc cao nht hin c trong khu vc. c php xy dng cc m hnh geoid a phng c chnh xc cao trn c s tp hp s liu o GNSS-Thy chun hoc GNSS-Thy chun-Trng lc y c trong khu vc. Cc trng hp ny phi nu r trong thit k k thut v c c quan qun l o c bn Vit Nam chp thun (tham kho ph lc 9 v m hnh EGM96). d) Trc khi bnh sai chnh thc li ta quc gia phi tin hnh bnh sai s
21

b bng vic xc nh ta v cao ca tt c cc im trong li da vo 1 im khi tnh ta gc v 1 im khi tnh cao gc thuc phm vi trung tm ca li. So snh gi tr ta nhn c sau bnh sai s b (ti cc im ta gc) v gi tr cao nhn c (ti cc im cao gc) vi gi tr ta , cao gc ca cc im tm ra cc im c gi tr sai khc ln. Mc sai khc v gi tr ta , cao ph thuc khong cch t im khi tnh n im ang xt v ph thuc chnh xc ca tng cp hng li quy nh ti bng 4. Trng hp khi bnh sai s b pht hin tn ti cc im c s sai khc ln v ta , cao phi thc hin tip cc bc sau: - Thay th im gc c dng lm khi tnh bng mt im gc khc; - Kim tra v xc minh li cc im ta , cao gc: tnh chnh xc ca s liu gc c cp, kim tra li im ngoi nghip trnh trng hp o nhm mc, kim tra li cc thnh qu o v tnh cao (i vi cc im c o ni cao); - Lp cc vng khp mi i qua nhiu cnh khc nhau trong vng khp mi phi i qua im gc c dng lm khi tnh v im c s sai khc ln; - Tnh li cc cnh trong li c lin quan trong c bit lu vic la chn li gii cui cng v cc yu cu ti khon 7.9 mc 7 phn II ca quy chun k thut ny; - Bnh sai s b li mng li. Trong trng hp c bit, khi tin hnh cc bin php trn nhng khng t yu cu th c php loi b im gc nu s im gc cn li trong li vn tha mn yu cu quy nh ti bng 1, im ny vn tham gia bnh sai nhng khng c coi l im gc v phi nu r trong bo co tng kt k thut. ) Vic bnh sai chnh thc ch thc hin khi gii quyt trit cc tn ti trong qu trnh bnh sai s b. Tt c cc im ta , cao hng cao c trong li phi c s dng lm cc im khi tnh cho li. III. QUY NH V QUN L 1. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng giao Cc o c v Bn Vit Nam l c quan thc hin vic nh gi s ph hp ca cc sn phm thuc li ta quc gia vi quy chun ny. 2. Vic nh gi gi s ph hp c tin hnh theo phng thc phng thc kim tra, nghim thu sn phm quy nh ti Thng t s: 02/2007/TTBTNMT, ngy 12 thng 02 nm 2007 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn kim tra, thm nh v nghim thu cng trnh, sn phm o c v bn v quy chun ny; kt qu ca vic thc hin kim tra nghim thu l c s k thut cho vic chng nhn hp quy v cng b hp quy cc sn phm ca li ta quc gia.
22

3. Sn phm giao np khi kt thc vic xy dng li ta quc gia bao gm: 3.1. S chn im chn mc. 3.2. Ghi ch im, bin bn bn giao mc. 3.3. S hon cng li trn giy v dng s. 3.4. S o GNSS. 3.5. S o thy chun, bng tnh cao thy chun, cc ti liu kim nghim my, mia thy chun (nu c). 3.6. Bng thng k s liu o GNSS c bin tp theo tng ca o trn giy v dng s. 3.7. S liu o GNSS dng tr o nguyn thy v dng RINEX ghi trn thit b nh. 3.8. Kt qu x l khi lc v kt qu bnh sai chnh thc ghi trn thit b nh bao gm c cc file trung gian c to ra trong qu trnh tnh ton bnh sai li. 3.9. Thnh qu tnh ton bnh sai in trn giy i vi trng hp xy dng li ta hng II, hng III bao gm: a) Bng tng hp tr o GNSS v cc ch tiu chnh xc; b) Bng sai s khp hnh; c) Bng tr o v s ci chnh sau bnh sai; d) Bng ta vung gc khng gian trong h ta VN-2000; ) Bng ta v cao trc a trong h ta VN-2000; e) Bng ta phng v cao thy chun trong h ta VN-2000 km theo cc sai s sau bnh sai; g) Bng chiu di cnh, phng v, chnh cao v cc sai s sau bnh sai. 3.10. Thnh qu tnh ton bnh sai in trn giy i vi trng hp xy dng li ta cp 0 bao gm: a) Bng ta vung gc khng gian trong ITRF v cc sai s thnh phn ta ; b) Bng ta vung gc khng gian trong h ta VN-2000; c) Bng ta v cao trc a trong ITRF; d) Bng ta v cao trc a trong h ta VN-2000; ) Bng ta phng trong h ta VN -2000 v cao thy chun trong trng hp im ta cp 0 c o ni cao; 3.11. Bo co k thut cng tc tnh ton bnh sai li.
23

3.12. Bo co tng kt k thut xy dng li ta quc gia. 3.13. Cc ti liu c lin quan khc (nu c). Cc ti liu giao np phi c tn v ch k ca ngi o ngm, ngi tnh ton v ngy thng nm hon thnh. Cui cng c ch k ng du ca th trng n v trc tip ch o thi cng. IV. T CHC THC HIN 1. Cc o c v Bn Vit Nam c trch nhim kim tra thc hin quy chun ny. 2. Cn c vo yu cu qun l li ta quc gia, Cc o c v Bn Vit Nam c trch nhim kin ngh c quan nh nc c thm quyn sa i, b sung quy chun ny. 3. Trong trng hp cc vn bn quy phm php lut m quy chun ny dn chiu p dng c s sa i, b sung hoc thay th th thc hin theo quy nh ti vn bn mi. 4. Trong qu trnh thc hin nu c vng mc cn kp thi phn nh v Cc o c v Bn Vit Nam thuc B Ti nguyn v Mi trng phi hp xem xt, gii quyt./. KT. B TRNG TH TRNG ( k) Nguyn Vn c

24

PHN CC PH LC Ph lc 1 QUY CCH, KCH THC MC TA CP 0

20cm 30cm

MC C B TNG BA TNG

40cm 15cm 15cm

Ph lc 2 QUY CCH, KCH THC MC TA HNG II, HNG III

MC C B TNG HAI TNG

MC GN TRN NI HOC CNG TRNH KIN TRC

Ph lc 3 QUY CCH, KCH THC DU MC TA QUC GIA

Du mc bng kim loi c ch v s ni, kch thc cao 10 mm, rng 5 mm, lc nt 1,5 mm, phn ni 1,0 mm

Ph lc 4 QUY CCH TNG VY

Cnh tng vy song song vi cnh mc, ch vit quay v hng Bc. Kch thc tng vy mc ta c quy nh: rng 100 cm, dy 20 cm, cao 50 cm;
5

Kch thc ch khc trn tng vy c quy nh nh sau: - Dng ch c quan ch qun B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG v CC O C V BN VIT NAM cao 4,0 cm, rng 2,5 cm, su 0,5 cm, lc nt 0,5 cm; - Cc ch khc: cao 3,0 cm, rng 2,0 cm, su 0,5 cm, lc nt 0,5 cm.

Ph lc 5 QUY CCH GHI CH IM TA (trang th nht) GHI CH IM TA Tn im: .....S hiu im:Mnh bn : . Phng php o: .Hng: . Tr gi khi lc: ...... cao: .Kinh : Loi t: .V : . Ni t mc: ..X: . Huyn: Tnh: .. Ni gn nht: .Khong cch ti im: . Ngi chn im: .n v chn im: . Bn a hnh khu vc im v s thng hng:
im thng hng: (Tn, s hiu, cp hng im lin quan m t mt t im trm o nhn thng sut ti im lin quan) im: H tn, a ch ngi dn ng: Thn: X: Huyn: .. Tnh: .

T l: S liu o mc (mm)
T vn di n im y h Ln 1 Ln 2
7

Trung bnh

Chiu cao

Mt trn lp lt mc Trung tm mc di Trung tm mc trn

T vn di n im Trung tm mc trn Mt y tng vy Mt t Mt trn tng vy Ln 1 Ln 2 Trung bnh Chiu cao

Ph lc 5 QUY CCH GHI CH IM TA (trang th hai)

S V TR IM

n v chn mc, lm tng vy:. Ngi chn mc, lm tng vy: . . Loi mc: .. a danh.., ngy.thng.nm.. Hnh v mt ct mc, tng vy (n v cm)

S v bng cc k hiu ca bn a hnh cng t l

Vt chun A B C im ny trng im cao:

Tn vt chun

Hng v khong cch t mc n vt chun (m)

C 8

Khng

S hiu im cao:.

. im ny o ni cao thy chun: C im.. Tn c quan gia c mc, . Khng tng vy, Hng:T imn lp ghi ch im:

Cn c vo cc yu t a . danh m t c th ng i ti im:

Ngy. thngnm thngnm Ngi lm ghi ch im (K v ghi r h tn)

Ngy. Ngi kim tra (K v ghi r h tn)

Ph lc 6

MU BIN BN BN GIAO MC TA CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp- T do- Hnh phc BIN BN BN GIAO MC TO
Cn c Quy nh v qun l, s dng v bo v cng trnh xy dng o c ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 16/2005/Q-BTNMT, ngy 16 thng 12 nm 2005 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Hm nay,ngy.thngnm.,ti xm.x.. huyn . tnh, chng t i gm: 1. i din n v xy dng cng trnh o c . ng (b).Chc v ng(b).Chc v 2. i din UBND (cp x)... ng (b).Chc v ng (b).Chc v: Cn b a chnh 3. Ch s dng t (hoc ch s hu cng trnh ni t du mc) ng (B).S CMT...Ni cp . ngy cp . tin hnh cng tc bn giao mc ta quc gia km theo s v tr v tnh trng mc ti thc a cho U ban nhn dn (cp x) ........................., vi cc ni dung c cc bn ghi nhn nh sau: - S hiu mc .., nm trn mnh bn a hnh t l 1: 50 000 c phin hiu l: . - V tr mc: Xy dng ng theo v tr th hin trn s v tr im tng ng; - Tnh trng du mc: cn nguyn vn, c xy dng theo ng thit k vi cp hng mc tng ng; - Cn c bin bn bn giao ny, UBND (cp x)., cn b a chnh cp x v ng (B)l ch s dng t (hoc ch s hu cng trnh ni t mc) c trch nhim bo qun mc to quc gia trn theo quy nh ca php lut. Bin bn ny lm thnh 04 bn: 01 bn UBND a phng gi, 01 bn n v xy dng cng trnh o c gi, 02 bn giao np cho c quan ch u t v c quan qun l cng tr nh xy dng o c. a danh.,ngy..thng...... nm. BN GIAO BN NHN n v xy dng cng trnh o c TM/UBND (cp x) (k tn, ng du) (k tn, ng du)

10

Cn b a chnh cp x (k, ghi r h tn)

Ch s dng t (s hu cng trnh) (k, ghi r h tn)

11

Ph lc 7 MU S O GNSS S O GNSS
Tn im: S hiu im:.......... Ngy .. /.. /.. (SESSION) t ti: X .. Huyn .. Tnh .. Thit b GNSS Kiu Loi Serial My thu ... ......................................... ........... . Antenna ... ...... .. . Ngi o: ........................................... C quan : ............................... Phn mm v phin hiu my thu: ....................................................................... Gin cch thu tn hiu: .giy Gc ngng ci t trong my thu.. Tn file d liu: Kiu lu tr d liu: CDROM USB Hard Disk Thi gian bt u .. Thi gian kt thc .. Thi tit: .. Chiu cao antenna: Phng php o o ti mp di v tr im nh du trn vnh o ti mp di vnh ngoi ng ten o ti ARP (Cc phng php o khc) Chiu cao thng (m) Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3 TB Chiu cao nghing (m) Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3 TB

12

Chng ngi vt (phng v+khong cch)

S o ni

Ghi ch: (Cc ghi ch c bit khc trong qu trnh o khng th hin c trong s o, trng hp o chiu cao ng ten kh din t bng li phi v s ng ten v kiu o ra phn ghi ch)

13

Ph lc 8 MU BNG THNG K S LIU O BNG THNG K S LIU O Khu o:.

T T 1 2 3 4 S hiu im
230400 230401 230402 230403

Thi gian o Tn file trm o

04000100 04010100 04020100 04030100

Ngy o Bt u
10-01-2008 10-01-2008 10-01-2008 10-01-2008

Kt thc 11h 31m 11h 30m 11h 33m 11h 30m

Loi my thu (part number) Trimble 5700 Trimble 5700 Trimble 5700 Trimble 5700

8h 30m 8h 29m 8h 30m 8h 31m

Loi ng ten Chiu cao (part ng number) ten (m) Zephyr 1.322 Geodetic P/N 39105 Zephyr Zephyr Geodetic 2.134 1.682 2.815

Phng php o chiu cao ng ten o nghing n mp di ng ten o thng n y ng ten (ARP)

5 6 7 8 9

230404 230405 230406 230407 230408

04010101 04020101 04030101 04040101 04000101

10-01-2008 10-01-2008 10-01-2008 10-01-2008 10-01-2008

15h 45m 15h 45m 15h 45m 15h 45m 15h 45m

18h 45m 18h 45m 18h 45m 18h 45m 18h 45m

Trimble 4000SSE Trimble 5700 Trimble 5700 Trimble 5700 Trimble 5700

Compact L1/L2 P/N 39105 Zephyr Zephyr Geodetic P/N 39105

2.134 1.682 2.815 2.012 1.245

10 11 12 13 14

230408 230409 230410 230411 230412

04020110 04030110 04040110 04000110 04010110

11-01-2008 11-01-2008 11-01-2008 11-01-2008 11-01-2008

8h 25m 8h 25m 8h 24m 8h 26m 8h 27m

11h 25m 11h 30m 11h 28m 11h 25m 11h 24m

Trimble 5700 Trimble 5700 Trimble 4000SSE Trimble 5700 Trimble 5700

Zephyr Geodetic P/N 39105 P/N 2202000 Zephyr Zephyr Geodetic

1.682 2.815 2.012 2.014 2.134

14

Ph lc 9 MT S A CH WEBSITE HU CH 1. a ch website ng k v s dng phn mm TEQC http://facility.unavco.org/software/teqc/teqc.html 2. a ch website v thng s ng ten ca IGS ftp://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/igscb/station/general/igs_01.pcv 3. a ch website ng ti lch v tinh chnh xc ca IGS http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/components/prods_cb.html 4. a ch website ng ti m hnh EGM96 ca NASA http://earthinfo.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/gravitymod/egm96/egm96.html 5. a ch website ng ti d liu GNSS ca cc trm quan trc c nh http://sopac.ucsd.edu/

15