17 2555

PVGIS of Thailand

MJ/m2

: Thailand PV Status Report 2011

: PVGIS CSSC, KMUTT

2.1kW
. 20 .. 2548

. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
. .

1000

1.60

G(W/m^2)

6480

900

ActivePower(kW)

800

ReactivePower(kVAR)

1.40
1.20

700
1.00

600
500

0.80

400

0.60

300
0.40
200

7
1 2 8

0.20

100

0
7:06 PM

6:05 PM

5:05 PM

4:04 PM

3:04 PM

2:03 PM

1:03 PM

12:02 PM

11:02 AM

10:01 AM

9:01 AM

8:00 AM

0.00
6:00 AM

7:00 AM

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

: (1-7) Thailands Wind Energy Development and Policy DEDE, (8-9) VSPP 2554 (.)

: CSSC, KMUTT

2.1kW
. 20 .. 2548

50.25

(kW)

(kW)
1500
250
50
2500
150
1500
250
80
200

(W/m2)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

(kW)
1500
1
250
1
50
1
1250
2
150
1
1500
1
250
1
80
1
4.45
45

1.6

248

1.4

246

2.1kW
. 20 .. 2548

0.25

Frequency(Hz)

0.0

230

238

0.10

236
0.05
Voltagerms(V)
ReactivePower(kVAR)

: CSSC, KMUTT

7:06 PM

6:05 PM

5:05 PM

4:04 PM

3:04 PM

2:03 PM

1:03 PM

12:02 PM

11:02 AM

10:01 AM

0.00
6:00 AM

7:06 PM

6:05 PM

49.85
5:05 PM

232

4:04 PM

0.2

3:04 PM

49.90

2:03 PM

234

1:03 PM

0.4

12:02 PM

49.95

11:02 AM

0.6

10:01 AM

50.00

9:01 AM

0.8

8:00 AM

50.05

7:00 AM

0.15

240

ReactivePower(kVAR)

242

9:01 AM

1.0

8:00 AM

50.10

0.20

244

7:00 AM

1.2
(Vrms)

50.15

ActivePower(kW)

ActivePower(kW)

6:00 AM

Frequency(Hz)

50.20

: CSSC, KMUTT

7/9/057:12 AM
7/9/059:12 AM
7/9/0510:13 AM

0.35

PF

ReactivePower(kVAR)

0.05
0.00
7/6/056:00AM
7/6/057:00AM
7/6/058:00AM
7/6/059:01AM
7/6/0510:01AM
7/6/0511:02AM
7/6/0512:02PM
7/6/051:03PM
7/6/052:03PM
7/6/053:04PM
7/6/054:04PM
7/6/055:05PM
7/6/056:05PM
7/6/057:06PM
7/6/058:06PM
7/6/059:07PM
7/6/0510:07PM
7/6/0511:08PM
7/7/0512:08AM
7/7/051:09AM
7/7/052:09AM
7/7/053:10AM
7/7/054:10AM
7/7/055:11AM
7/7/056:11AM
7/7/057:12AM
7/7/058:12AM
7/7/059:12AM
7/7/0510:13AM
7/7/0511:13AM
7/7/0512:14PM
7/7/051:14PM
7/7/052:15PM
7/7/053:15PM
7/7/054:16PM
7/7/055:16PM
7/7/056:17PM
7/7/057:17PM
7/7/058:18PM

0.15

0.45

0.10

7/9/058:18 PM

0.20
ReactivePower(kVAR)

0.65

7/9/057:17 PM

0.55

7/9/055:16 PM

0.75

7/9/056:17 PM

7:06 PM

6:05 PM

5:05 PM

0.85

7/9/054:16 PM

7/9/053:15 PM

7/9/052:15 PM

7/9/051:14 PM

7/9/0512:14 PM

7/9/0511:13 AM

4:04 PM

0.15

7/9/058:12 AM

3:04 PM

2:03 PM

1:03 PM

12:02 PM

11:02 AM

10:01 AM

9:01 AM

8:00 AM

7:00 AM

6:00 AM

0.25

7/9/056:11 AM

7/9/055:11 AM

7/9/054:10 AM

7/9/053:10 AM

7/9/052:09 AM

7/9/051:09 AM

7/9/0512:08 AM

7/8/0511:08 PM

7/8/0510:07 PM

7/8/059:07 PM

7/8/058:06 PM

7/8/057:06 PM

7/8/056:05 PM

7/8/055:05 PM

7/8/054:04 PM

7/8/053:04 PM

7/8/052:03 PM

7/8/051:03 PM

7/8/0512:02 PM

7/8/0511:02 AM

7/8/0510:01 AM

7/8/059:01 AM

PowerFactor(PF)

1.05

7/8/058:00 AM

7/8/057:00 AM

7/8/056:00 AM

2.1kW. 20. .. 2548

0.95

ActivePower(kW)

0.30

6.0

0.25

5.0

( A)
20kW . . 67.. 2548

4.0
ReactivePower(kVAR)

3.0

2.0

0.05

1.0

0.0

: CSSC, KMUTT

( B)
20kW . . 89.. 2548

2.0

: CSSC, KMUTT
11

: CSSC, KMUTT

10

6.0

5.0
ActivePower(kW)

ReactivePower(kVAR)

4.0

3.0

(W)
(W)
(W)

1.0

0.0

22-27 .. 2555 . Cp curve Suzlon S64 1250kW

12

. . 90m .

(kW)

45m .

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.2

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2
0
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1
0.9
0.8

(kVAR)

0.3

0
0

100

200

. 2548

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

80

90

100

(W/m )
2

1.0

0.8

0.7

%THDc

0.4

0.1

0.9

(W)

0.5

0
900 1000

(W/m )

(W)

0.6

0.2

0.2

0.7

0.6
0.5
0.4

5
4
3

0.3

0.2

0.1
0

0.0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

10

13

20

30

40

50

Cp curve Suzlon S64 1250kW

, . ., 2548

3
2.5
2
1.5

4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5

0.5

0.5

0
I3

I4

I5

I6

I7

I8

I9

I10

I11

I13

I15

DC

. 2548

(%of I rms)

I3

I4

I5

I6

I7

I8

I9

I10

I11

I13

4.5
4
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
I4

I5

I6

I7

I8

I9

2.5
2
1.5

I10

I11

I13

I15

, . ., 2548

5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1

0.5

0.5
0
DC

I2

I3

I4

I5

I6

I7

I8

I9

I10

I11

I13

DC

I15

I2

I3

I4

I5

I6

I7

I8

I9

I10

I11

I13

. 2548

800 W/m^2
PCC

%
800 W/m2

5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
DC

14

4.5

3.5

I3

%
100 W/m2

I2

3.5

I15

100 W/m^2
PCC

DC

I2

(%of I rms)

I2

4.5

DC

3.5

5
4.5

70

800 W/m^2
PCC

(%of I rms)

PCC 800 W/m^2

(%of I rms)

5
4.5

100 W/m^2
PCC

(%of I rms)

PCC 100 W/m^2

(%of I rms)

60

(%)

(%)

I2

I3

I4

I5

I6

I7

I8

I9

I10

I11

I13

I15

15

, . ., 2548

16

I15

IEEE 1547-2003 , IEEE 929-2000 IEC 61272

PRC-PQG-02/1998
(Voltage Flicker) 16A IEC
61000-3-3 IEC 61000-3-5 16A
IEEE 519-1992

Power Factor
(PRC-PQG-01/1998),
IEEE 929-2000, IEC 61727, UL 1741-1999
(Anti Islanding Protection)
IEEE std.929-2000 UL1741

. 2548

17

, . ., 2548

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) published the first
edition of technical standard on assessment of power quality from wind
turbines in 2001 that is IEC 6140061400-21 and the latest version in 2008.
There are 10 parameters in IEC 61400-21 for wind turbines (WT) that are
[1] Maximum permitted power, Pmc
[2] Maximum measured power, P60 (60s average)
[3] Maximum measured power, P0.2 (0.2s average)
[4] Reactive power, Q
[5] Flicker coefficient (depend on phase angle, annual avg. wind speed)
[6] Max. number of switching operation in 10 min, N10
[7] Max. number of switching operation in 2 h, N120
[8] Flicker step factor (depend on network impedance phase angle)
[9] Flicker change factor (depend on network impedance phase angle)
[10] Maximum harmonics current, Ih (only WT with converter)

18

19

Power Quality Problems and Countermeasures

STATCOM = STATic synchronous COMpensator

SVC = Static var compensator

DVR = Dynamic voltage restorer

PCS = Power conditioner systems

TVR = Thyristor voltage regulator

20

: IEA-PVPS Task10, Overcoming PV Grid Issues in Urban Areas, 2009

Power Quality Problem: Overvoltage

Power Quality Problems and Countermeasures

PV penetration increases or
currently when a number of PV
systems are installed on a rural
grid with lower impedance, the
voltage could exceed the upper
limit. This issue is called
overvoltage

21

: IEA-PVPS Task10, Overcoming PV Grid Issues in Urban Areas, 2009

22

: IEA-PVPS Task10, Overcoming PV Grid Issues in Urban Areas, 2009

Power Quality Problem: Undervoltage

Power Quality Problem: Voltage drop (sag)

It is possible to control the

line voltage to some extent
by controlling (reducing) the
sending voltage from the
bank (transformer); however,
this may cause undervoltage
of neighbouring lines
connected to the same bank

23

: IEA-PVPS Task10, Overcoming PV Grid Issues in Urban Areas, 2009

24

: IEA-PVPS Task10, Overcoming PV Grid Issues in Urban Areas, 2009

Power Quality analysis

Power Quality Problem: Unintended Islanding

To minimize
harmonics

Harmonic filter ???

25

: IEA-PVPS Task10, Overcoming PV Grid Issues in Urban Areas, 2009

26

: IEA-PVPS Task10, Overcoming PV Grid Issues in Urban Areas, 2009

Short-circuit current exceed the limit

Short-circuit current when
include PV power exceed the
capacity or limit of breakers,
relays, fuses, reclosers, etc. .

27

: IEA-PVPS Task10, Overcoming PV Grid Issues in Urban Areas, 2009

28