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Chuong 3 Hoa Hoc Lipid
Chuong 3 Hoa Hoc Lipid
MC TIU
NU C TNH CHT CA LIPID PHN BIT C CC LOI LIPID V THNH PHN HA HC V CHC NNG
C IM CHUNG V LIPID
NHM CC HP CHT HU C, CU TO A DNG KHNG TAN HOC T TAN TRONG NC (DUNG MI PHN CC) D TAN TRONG DUNG MI HU C (KHNG PHN CC)
C IM CHUNG V LIPID
D TR NNG LNG THNH PHN VT CHT CA MNG SINH HC VAI TR SINH HC QUAN TRNG
C IM CHUNG V LIPID
HAI THNH PHN CHNH: ALCOL V ACID BO C TH KT HP VI GLUCID (GLYCOLIPID); PROTEIN (LIPOPROTEIN)
PHN LOI
LIPID THUN
LIPID TP
LIPID MNG
PHOSPHOLIPID GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPID SPHINGOLIPID GLYCOLIPID SPHINGOLIPID CHOLESTEROL HORMON STEROID EICOSANOID PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL VITAMIN A, D, E, K QUINON
ACID BO
C IM CHUNG
L ACID HU C MONOCARBOXYL: R COOH DNG T DO, DNG LIN KT ESTER HOC AMID TRONG T NHIN: S CARBON CHN
C IM CHUNG
VAI TR QUAN TRNG TRONG CHUYN HA C TH MI TRNG pH SINH L: DNG ION M DNG T DO V ION M: T/KHNG BAO GI TN TI TRONG T BO C TH SNG LUN DNG KT HP
DANH PHP(*)
1. TN THNG THNG 2. TN H THNG. TN MCH CARBON + OIC BO HA (NI N): +ANOIC KHNG BO HA (NI I): +ENOIC
C15H31COOH C18H33COOH
acid palmitic (tn thng thng) acid hexadecanoic (tn h thng) acid oleic (tn thng thng) acid octadecenoic (tn h thng)
2. THEO CH HY LP:
- C : CARBON CA NHM -CH2- ST NHM COOH - C: CARBON CUI CNG - DI ACID BO: K HIU BNG S NGUYN T CARBON - S LIN KT I: K HIU S, SAU DU : - V TR LIN KT I: K HIU TRONG NGOC N
V D ACID PALMITIC 16:0 ACID OLEIC 18:1 (9) ACID LINOLEIC 18:2 (9,12) BUTYRIC ACID - 4:0 LINOLENIC ACID - 18:3 (9,12,15) ARACHIDONIC ACID - 20:4 (5,8,11,14) EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID - 20:5 (5,8,11,14,17) DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID - 22:6 (4,7,10,13,16,19)
ACID BO NO KH HA TAN KHNG THAM GIA VO CU TRC MNG T BO, BO QUAN TO NNG LNG
THNG GP: 16, 18, 20C DNG NO (BO HA) DNG KHNG NO (KHNG BO HA) DNG MCH VNG (PROGTAGLANDIN) TO NNG LNG D TR NNG LNG THAM GIA VO CU TRC MNG T BO, BO QUAN
MCH RT DI (>22C)
KH TAN V MCH CARBON K NC RT DI THNH PHN CU TO MNG SINH HC BN DHA docosahexaenoic acid 22:7 (6, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19)
ACID BO KHNG NO
1 LIN KT I: 9 NHNG LIN KT I KHC: 12, 15. TT C U DNG NG PHN CIS, IM NNG CHY THP HN DNG NO.
CC H ACID BO KHNG NO
H
7 hay n-7 9 hay n-9 6 hay n-6
V D
Palmitoleic 16:1,9 Oleic 18:1,9 Linoleic 18:2, 9, 12
3 hay n-3
H ACID BO n-3: EPA eicosapentenoic acid C20:5 DHA docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 Pht trin t bo no thi k u ca qu trnh sinh trng tr em.
Nhm
acid eicosanoic: t acid arachidonic 20:4 (5, 8, 11, 14) tin cht ca nhiu cht c hot tnh sinh hc rt a dng (prostaglandin, thromboxane, leucotrien)
Break 10 min
PROSTAGLADIN (PG)
M NG VT C XNG SNG VAI TR SINH HC PHC TP, A DNG TY LOI, TY I TNG. NH 1 LOI NI TIT T, CHT THNG TIN TH HAI H HUYT P, KCH THCH CO C TRN, IU HA CHUYN HA v.v.
THROMBOXANS
LEUKOTRIENES
U
TNH CHT VT L
PH AB
TNH CHT VT L
MCH
CNG DI CNG KH TAN TRONG NC MCH CNG DI NHIT NNG CHY CNG TNG
TNH CHT HA HC
PHN NG TO X PHNG (PHN NG TRUNG HA) PHN NG KH PHN NG TO ESTER PHN NG OXY HA PHN NG HALOGEN HA
NHM CARBOXYL THAM GIA TO LIN KT ESTER HOC AMID VI NHNG CHT KHC MCH HYDROCARBON QUYT NH:
TNH K NC
XY DNG MNG
CCH NHIT.
GLYCERID (ACYLGLYCEROL)
CU TO
ESTER CA GLYCEROL V ACID BO BAO GM: MONOGLYCERID MONOGLYCERID DIGLYCERID - DIGLYCERID TRIGLYCERID
TNH CHT VT L
TNH CHT HA HC
TRIACYLGLYCEROLS
H2C O C R1 HC O C R2 =O
=O
H2C O C R3
=O
R1, R2, R3 L GC HYDROCARBON CA ACID BO A PHN T NHNG ACID BO KHC NHAU DU: TRIGLYCERID CA AB BN BO HA M: TRIGLYCERID CA AB BO HA
CU TRC BO HA KT HP CHT VI NHAU TO THNH CU TRC BN TINH TH C HNH DNG NHT NH CU TRC BN BO HA TH KT HP LNG LO NN KHNG C CU TRC NHT NH
TRIACYLGLYCEROLS
D
TR NNG LNG (*) TO NHIT CCH NHIT TO CHT M CHE CH CC C QUAN NI TNG BN TRONG KHI NHNG TC NHN C HC
TRIACYLGLYCEROLS
D TR NNG LNG ?
NGUYN T CARBON DNG TI GIN HON TON TO NNG LNG TI A TRONG QU TRNH OXY HA TNH K NC, KHNG HYDRAT HA D TR LNG LN M KHNG THM KHI LNG NC
PHOSPHATID
C IM CHUNG
PO3-
ACID BO
GLYCEROL
ACID BO
Phosphatidyl ethanolamin (cephalin) Phosphatidyl cholin (lecithin) Phosphatidyl serin Phosphatidyl inositol (Inositid) Phosphatidyl glycerol Diphosphatidyl glycerol (cardiolipin) Plasmalogen
PHOSPHATID
TNH CHT LNG CC
PHN KHNG PHN CC : GLYCEROL C ESTER HA VI 2 PHN T ACID BO PHN PHN CC : ACID PHOSPHORIC BASE NIT
HT MIXEN
VAI TR SINH HC
VAI TR SINH HC
LECITHIN GI VAI TR QUAN TRNG TRONG VIC HNH THNH CC PHC HP LIPOPROTEIN HUYT TNG, VN CHUYN CC LIPID GIA GAN V M
DIPALMITYL LECITHIN: LM CHO 2 L MNG PHI KHNG B DNH LI.
VAI TR SINH HC
CEPHALIN: GIAI ON TO THROMBOPLASTIN CA QU TRNH NG MU, NGUN CUNG CP ACID PHOSPHORIC TO T BO MI.
PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL DIPHOSPHAT: TiN CHT TO TN HIU THNG TIN NI BO, CHUYN HA CALCI.
CERID
ESTER CA ACID BO (NO V CHA NO) TH RN NHIT THNG KHNG TAN TRONG NC, T TAN TRONG RU, TAN TRONG DUNG MI HU C, THY PHN TRONG MI TRNG KIM CHT CHNG THM SINH HC
SPHINGOLIPID
SPHINGOLIPID
V ACID BO
HA HC LIPID (2)
GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS
BN CHT L PHOSPHOLIPID (PHOSPHATID) HAI ACID BO GN C1 V C2 CA GLYCEROL BNG LK ESTER MT GC PHN CC CAO HOC MANG IN TCH GN C3 BNG LK PHOSPHODIESTER
GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS
C1: ACID BO BO HA C16 C18 C2: ACID BO BN BO HA C18 C20 THNH PHN THAY I TY LOI VI SINH VT, TY LOI M TRONG C TH
SPHINGOLIPIDS
Sphingosine
Acid bo
Ceramide
X
CERAMIDE L CU TRC CT LI CA TT C SPHINGOLIPIDS BA PHN NHM SPHINGOLIPIDS: 1. SPHINGOMYELIN 2. GLYCOLIPIDS TRUNG TNH 3. GANGLIOSIDES
SPHINGOMYELIN
SPHINGOMYELIN
Gangliosides
SPHINGOLIPIDS PHC TP NHT OLIGOSACCHARIDES U PHN CC N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID (NEU5AC), MT SIALIC ACID U TN
GM1 ganglioside
GM2 gangliside
Fabry
Gaucher Niemann Pick Krabbe
galactosidase A
glucosidase Sphingomyelinase
Trihexosylceramide
Glucosylceramide Sphingomyelin
galactosidase
galactosylceramide
STEROID V DN XUT
STEROID L MT NHM LN TRONG T NHIN C CHA NHN STERAN CC STEROID QUAN TRNG: CHOLESTEROL, ACID MT, MUI MT VITAMIN D HORMON STEROID (HORMON SINH DC, HORMON V THNG THN)
NHN STERAN
Cyclopentanoper hydrophenanthren
STEROL
CHOLESTEROL
- NHM OH C3 L U PHN CC
- VAI TR D TR V VN CHUYN BNG CCH KT HP VI ACID BO TO THNH STEROL ESTER
CHOLESTEROL
CHOLESTEROL
CHOLESTEROL
CC STEROL KHC
7 DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL C NHIU DA, DU C, L TiN CHT VITAMIN D ERGOSTEROL: C TRONG NM MEN, LA MCH
ERGOSTEROL
7 DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL
OH OH OH OH
C3, C7, C12: ACID CHOLIC C3, C12: ACID DEOXYCHOLIC C3, C7: ACID CHENODEOXYCHOLIC C3: ACID LITHOCHOLIC
ACID CHOLIC
HORMON STEROID
DN XUT CHOLESTEROL 18C: TO NN ESTROGEN (PHENOL STEROID) 19C: TO NN CC ANDROGEN (HORMON SINH DC NAM) 20C: TO NN CORTICOID HAY CORTICOSTEROID
BREAK 10 MIN
LIPOPROTEIN
LIPID C VN CHUYN BNG CCH KT HP VI PROTEIN TO THNH LIPOPROTEIN (LP) HUYT TNG. CC PROTEIN KT HP VI LIPID TRONG LP GI L APOPROTEIN (APOLIPOPROTEIN)
MT S HNH NH V CU TO CA LIPOPROTEIN
APOPROTEIN
APOPROTEIN
1. TRN B MT CC PHN T LP, CC APOPROTEIN N NH CU TRC CA LP, GIP LP PHN TN, VN CHUYN C TRONG MU 2. NHN DIN TH TH MNG T BO
APOPROTEIN
3. IU HA HAT TNH CC ENZYM THAM GIA CHUYN HA CA CC LP 4. L PROTEIN CHUYN VN, APOPROTEIN D DNG TRAO I PHN LIPID GIA CC LP
V D:
APO C II:
HOT HA QU TRNH THY PHN TG BI LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE THIU APO C II TNG TG MU
APO E:
LIN QUAN N BNH ALZHEIMER KHI DNG NG HP LN
A II
CI
B 48
C II
C III
CHIA THEO H, T THEO CH CI A, B, C, D, E TRONG CNG 1 H: NU C THAY I CU TRC BC 1 TH THM S LA M (I, II, III)
APOPROTEIN A
GM APO A I V A II APO A I:
C 6 NG DNG (ISOFORM) THNH PHN APO CHNH CA HDL GEN NST 11
APOPROTEIN B
B 48
TNG HP RUT L APO CA CM
B 100
TNG HP GAN THNH PHN CA C 4 LOI LP
APOPROTEIN C
GM 3 ISOPROTEIN C I, C II, C III (C III0, C III1, C III2) KHI I: TRONG HDL KHI NO: TRONG CM, VLDL APO C I : (+) LACT, (-) PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
APOPROTEIN E
C 6 KIU HNH
LIPOPROTEIN
LIPOPROTEIN L I PHN T PHC HP HNH CU, NH HN HNG CU, VN CHUYN CC LIPID HUYT TNG K NC, C BIT L CHOLESTEROL V TRIGLYCERID.
LIPOPROTEIN
LP C CU TO 2 LP : LI TRUNG TM V O B MT
LI : LIPID K NC (TG V CE) O B MT : PROTEIN V LIPID PHN CC (C V PL)
LIPOPROTEIN
CHYLOMICRON
750 1000 nm, LN NHT TO RA RUT VN CHUYN LIPID TRUNG TNH V GAN THNH PHN LIPID CH YU L TRIGLYCERID
VLDL
VERY
LDL
LOW
HDL
HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
KCH THC NH NHT CHUYN PHN CHOLESTEROL D THA T M NGAI BIN V GAN.
VLDL
0.95 1.006
LDL
1.019 1.063
HDL
1.063 1.210
Cholesterol ester
PL Apoprotein
3
7
12
18
42
22 B-100
12 20
25 30 A-I, A-II, C-I, C-II, C-III, D, E
A-I, A-II, B-48, B-100, C-I, CB-100, C-I, C- II, C-III, E II, C-III
Apolipoprotein
A I
LP
HDL
PTL
28.000
A-II A-IV
17.000 46.000
B-100 B 48 CI C II C III D E
LDL, VLDL CM CM, VLDL, HDL VLDL, HDL, CM VLDLD, HDL, CM HDL CM, VLDL, HDL
VAI TR LIPOPROTEIN
LIPOPROTEIN GIP NH TNG HA 500 mg LNG LIPID C TH HP THU VO TRONG 100 ml MU SAU N TRONG 500 mg C:
120 mg TG 220 mg CHOLESTEROL 160 mg PHOSPHOLIPID
VAI TR LIPOPROTEIN
Ha sinh y hc Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th edition) Harpers Biochemistry (24th edition) Biochemistry 3rd edition (Mathews, Van Holde, Ahern)
Phn loi lipid theo vai tr v chc nng H thng danh php ca acid bo Cch nh s carbon Vai tr ca h acid bo 3 Phn loi PG Triacylglycerol Phosphatid: tnh cht, enzym thy phn, vai tr sinh hc Sphingolipid