(WWW - Vnmath.com) .On Thi Lop 10 Theo Chuyen de

N thi vo lp 10 theo Chuyn
Mc lc
Mc lc ....................................................................................................................................................1
Phn I: i s..........................................................................................................................................2
Chuyn 1: Cn thc Bin i cn thc...........................................................................................2
Dng 1: Tm iu kin biu thc c cha cn thc c ngha. ........................................................................2
Dng 2: Bin i n gin cn thc. ......................................................................................................................2
Dng 3: Bi ton tng hp kin thc v k nng tnh ton..................................................................................3
Chuyn 2: Phng trnh bc hai v nh l Vit. .............................................................................5
Dng 1: Gii phng trnh bc hai. ........................................................................................................................5
Dng 2: Chng minh phng trnh c nghim, v nghim. .................................................................................5
Dng 3: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc i xng, lp phng trnh bc hai nh nghim ca phng trnh bc
hai cho trc. .............................................................................................................................................................6
Dng 4: Tm iu kin ca tham s phng trnh c nghim, c nghim kp, v nghim. ........................7
Dng 5: Xc nh tham s cc nghim ca phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0 tho mn iu kin cho trc..............8
Dng 6: So snh nghim ca phng trnh bc hai vi mt s. ..........................................................................8
Dng 7: Tm h thc lin h gia hai nghim ca phng trnh bc hai khng ph thuc tham s..............9
Dng 8: Mi quan h gia cc nghim ca hai phng trnh bc hai. ..............................................................9
Chuyn 3: H phng trnh. ...............................................................................................................11

H hai phng trnh bc nht hai n: ...............................................................................11
Dng 1: Gii h phng trnh c bn v a c v dng c bn .................................................................11
Dng 2: Gii h bng phng php t n ph ..................................................................................................11
Dng 3: Xc nh gi tr ca tham s h c nghim tho mn iu kin cho trc ..................................11
Mt s h bc hai n gin:....................................................................................................12
Dng 1: H i xng loi I.....................................................................................................................................12
Dng 2: H i xng loi II ...................................................................................................................................13
Dng 3: H bc hai gii bng phng php th hoc cng i s ...................................................................13
Chuyn 4: Hm s v th................................................................................................................14
Dng 1: V th hm s .......................................................................................................................................14
Dng 2: Vit phng trnh ng thng ...............................................................................................................14
Dng 3: V tr tng i gia ng thng v parabol ......................................................................................15
Chuyn 5: Gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh, h phng trnh. .................................15
Dng 1: Chuyn ng (trn ng b, trn ng sng c tnh n dng nc chy)..................................15
Dng 2: Ton lm chung ln ring (ton vi nc) .......................................................................................16
Dng 3: Ton lin quan n t l phn trm. ......................................................................................................16
Dng 4: Ton c ni dung hnh hc. ....................................................................................................................16
Dng 5: Ton v tm s...........................................................................................................................................16
Chuyn 6: Phng trnh quy v phng trnh bc hai. ................................................................17
Dng 1: Phng trnh c n s mu..................................................................................................................17
Dng 2: Phng trnh cha cn thc....................................................................................................................17
Dng 3: Phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i. ...............................................................................................17
Dng 4: Phng trnh trng phng. ....................................................................................................................17
Dng 5: Phng trnh bc cao. .............................................................................................................................17
Phn II: Hnh hc ................................................................................................................................20

Chuyn 1: Nhn bit hnh, tm iu kin ca mt hnh. ..............................................................20
Chuyn 2: Chng minh t gic ni tip, chng minh nhiu im cng nm trn mt ng trn. .20
Chuyn 3: Chng minh cc im thng hng, cc ng thng ng quy. ............................22
Chuyn 4: Chng minh im c nh. ..............................................................................................23
Chuyn 5: Chng minh hai tam gic ng dng v chng minh ng thc hnh hc. .........24
Chuyn 6: Cc bi ton v tnh s o gc v s o din tch.......................................................25
Chuyn 7: Ton qu tch. ....................................................................................................................26
Chuyn 8: Mt s bi ton m u v hnh hc khng gian. ......................................................26
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Phn I: i s
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Chuyn 1: Cn thc Bin i cn thc.

Dng 1: Tm iu kin biu thc c cha cn thc c ngha.
Bi 1: Tm x cc biu thc sau c ngha.( Tm KX ca cc biu thc sau).
1)
3x 1
8)
x2 3
2)
5 2x
9)
x2 2
3)
7x 14
2x 1
4)
3 x
5)
x3
7x
1
7)
x 2 3x 7
11)
2x 2 5x 3
1
12)
7x 2
6)
10)
x 2 5x 6
1
13)
x 3
3x
5x
6x 1 x 3
14)
2x x 2
Dng 2: Bin i n gin cn thc.

Bi 1: a mt tha s vo trong du cn.
a)
3 5
;
5 3
b) x
2
(vi x 0);
x
c)
2
;
5
d) (x 5)
x
;
25 x 2
e) x
Bi 2: Thc hin php tnh.

a)
( 28 2 14 7 ) 7 7 8 ;
d)
b)
( 8 3 2 10 )( 2 3 0,4) ;
e)
c)
(15 50 5 200 3 450 ) : 10 ;
f)
g)
3;
20 14 2 20 14 2 ;
h)
6 2 5 6 2 5;
11 6 2 11 6 2
5 2 7 3 5 2 7
3
3
26 15 3 3 26 15 3

a) (
2 3 6
216
1
)
3
82
6
b)
14 7
15 5
1
):
1 2
1 3
7 5
c)
5 2 6 8 2 15
7 2 10

a)
(4 15 )( 10 6) 4 15
c)
3 5 3 5 2
e)
6,5 12 6,5 12 2 6
b)
d)
(3 5) 3 5 (3 5) 3 5
4 7 4 7 7
7
x2
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Bi 5: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
a)
c)
1
7 24 1
b)
7 24 1
52 6
52 6
5 6
5 6
3 1 1
3
3 1 1
3 5
3 5
3 5
3 5
d)
Bi 6: Rt gn biu thc:
a) 6 2 5 13 48
1
1
1
1
...
1 2
2 3
3 4
99 100
Bi 7: Rt gn biu thc sau:

a b b a
1
a)
:
, vi a 0, b 0 v a b.
ab
a b
a a a a
1
, vi a 0 v a 1.
b) 1
a 1
a 1
a a 8 2a 4 a
;
a4
1
5a 4 (1 4a 4a 2 )
d)
2a 1
c)
3x 2 6xy 3y 2
2
e) 2
4
x y2
Bi 8: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc
a) A x 2 3x y 2y, khi x
1
5 2
;y
1
94 5
b) B x 3 12x 8 vi x 3 4( 5 1) 3 4( 5 1) ;
c) C x y , bit x x 2 3 y y 2 3 3;
d) D 16 2x x 2 9 2x x 2 , bit
16 2x x 2 9 2x x 2 1.
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c)
b) 4 5 3 5 48 10 7 4 3
e) E x 1 y 2 y 1 x 2 , bit xy (1 x 2 )(1 y 2 ) a.
Dng 3: Bi ton tng hp kin thc v k nng tnh ton.

Bi 1: Cho biu thc P
x 3
x 1 2
a) Rt gn P.
b) Tnh gi tr ca P nu x = 4(2 - 3 ).
c) Tnh gi tr nh nht ca P.
a2 a
2a a
1.
Bi 2: Xt biu thc A
a a 1
a
a) Rt gn A.
b) Bit a > 1, hy so snh A vi A .
c) Tm a A = 2.
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d) Tm gi tr nh nht ca A.
1
1
x
2 x 2 2 x 2 1 x
Bi 3: Cho biu thc C
a) Rt gn biu thc C.
4
9
b) Tnh gi tr ca C vi x .
1
c) Tnh gi tr ca x C .
3
a
1
2
a b
a b2
Bi 4: Cho biu thc M
b
:
2
2
a a b
a) Rt gn M.
a 3
.
b 2
b) Tnh gi tr M nu
x 2
x 2
(1 x) 2
Bi 5: Xt biu thc P
2
x 2 x 1
x 1
a) Rt gn P.
b) Chng minh rng nu 0 < x < 1 th P > 0.
c) Tm gi tr ln nht ca P.
Bi 6: Xt biu thc Q
2 x 9
x 3 2 x 1
.
x 5 x 6
x 2 3 x
a) Rt gn Q.
b) Tm cc gi tr ca x Q < 1.
c) Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca x gi tr tng ng ca Q cng l s nguyn.
xy
x 3 y3
Bi 7: Xt biu thc H
x y
xy
x y xy
x y
a) Rt gn H.
b) Chng minh H 0.
c) So snh H vi H .
2 a
Bi 8: Xt biu thc A 1
a 1 a a a a 1 .
a
1
a) Rt gn A.
b) Tm cc gi tr ca a sao cho A > 1.
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c) Tm iu kin ca a, b M < 1.
c) Tnh cc gi tr ca A nu a 2007 2 2006 .

Bi 9: Xt biu thc M
3x 9x 3
x 1
x 2
.
x x 2
x 2 1 x
a) Rt gn M.
b) Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca x gi tr tng ng ca M cng l s nguyn.
Bi 10: Xt biu thc P
15 x 11 3 x 2 2 x 3
.
x 2 x 3 1 x
x 3
a) Rt gn P.
1
2
b) Tm cc gi tr ca x sao cho P .
c) So snh P vi
2
.
3
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Chuyn 2: Phng trnh bc hai v nh l Vit.

Bi 1: Gii cc phng trnh
1) x2 6x + 14 = 0 ;
2) 4x2 8x + 3 = 0 ;
3) 3x2 + 5x + 2 = 0 ;
4) -30x2 + 30x 7,5 = 0 ;
2
5) x 4x + 2 = 0 ;
6) x2 2x 2 = 0 ;
8) 2 3 x2 + x + 1 = 3 (x + 1) ;
7) x2 + 2 2 x + 4 = 3(x + 2 ) ;
9) x2 2( 3 - 1)x - 2 3 = 0.
Bi 2: Gii cc phng trnh sau bng cch nhm nghim:
1) 3x2 11x + 8 = 0 ;
2) 5x2 17x + 12 = 0 ;
4) (1 - 2 )x2 2(1 + 2 )x + 1 +
3) x2 (1 + 3 )x + 3 = 0 ;
3 2 =0;
6) 5x2 + 24x + 19 = 0 ;
5) 3x2 19x 22 = 0 ;
8) x2 11x + 30 = 0 ;
7) ( 3 + 1)x2 + 2 3 x + 3 - 1 = 0 ;
10) x2 10x + 21 = 0.
9) x2 12x + 27 = 0 ;
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Dng 1: Gii phng trnh bc hai.
Dng 2: Chng minh phng trnh c nghim, v nghim.

Bi 1: Chng minh rng cc phng trnh sau lun c nghim.
1) x2 2(m - 1)x 3 m = 0 ;
2) x2 + (m + 1)x + m = 0 ;
3) x2 (2m 3)x + m2 3m = 0 ;
4) x2 + 2(m + 2)x 4m 12 =
0;
5) x2 (2m + 3)x + m2 + 3m + 2 = 0 ;
6) x2 2x (m 1)(m 3) = 0 ;
7) x2 2mx m2 1 = 0 ;
8) (m + 1)x2 2(2m 1)x
3+m=0
9) ax2 + (ab + 1)x + b = 0.
Bi 2:
a) Chng minh rng vi a, b , c l cc s thc th phng trnh sau lun c nghim:
(x a)(x b) + (x b)(x c) + (x c)(x a) = 0
b) Chng minh rng vi ba s thc a, b , c phn bit th phng trnh sau c hai nghim
1
1
1
0 (n x)
phn bit:
xa xb xc
c) Chng minh rng phng trnh: c2x2 + (a2 b2 c2)x + b2 = 0 v nghim vi a, b, c
l di ba cnh ca mt tam gic.
d) Chng minh rng phng trnh bc hai:
(a + b)2x2 (a b)(a2 b2)x 2ab(a2 + b2) = 0 lun c hai nghim phn bit.
Bi 3:
a) Chng minh rng t nht mt trong cc phng trnh bc hai sau y c nghim:
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 (1)
bx2 + 2cx + a = 0 (2)
cx2 + 2ax + b = 0 (3)
b) Cho bn phng trnh (n x) sau:
x2 + 2ax + 4b2 = 0 (1)
x2 - 2bx + 4a2 = 0
(2)
2
2
x - 4ax + b = 0
(3)
2
2
x + 4bx + a = 0
(4)
Chng minh rng trong cc phng trnh trn c t nht 2 phng trnh c nghim.
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c) Cho 3 phng trnh (n x sau):
2b b c
1
x
0
bc
ca
2c c a
1
bx 2
x
0
ca
ab
1
2a a b
0
x
cx 2
ab
bc
ax 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
Dng 3: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc i xng, lp phng trnh bc hai nh nghim ca

phng trnh bc hai cho trc.
Bi 1: Gi x1 ; x2 l cc nghim ca phng trnh: x2 3x 7 = 0.
Tnh:
2
A x1 x 2 ;
C
B x1 x 2 ;
1
1
;
x1 1 x 2 1
3
D 3x1 x 2 3x 2 x1 ;
E x1 x 2 ;
F x1 x 2
1
1
.
v
x1 1
x2 1
Lp phng trnh bc hai c cc nghim l
Bi 2: Gi x1 ; x2 l hai nghim ca phng trnh: 5x2 3x 1 = 0. Khng gii phng

trnh, tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau:
3
2
3
2
A 2x1 3x1 x 2 2x 2 3x1x 2 ;
2
1
x
x1
x
x
1
2 2 ;
B 1
x 2 x 2 1 x1 x1 1 x1 x 2
2
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vi a, b, c l cc s dng cho trc.

Chng minh rng trong cc phng trnh trn c t nht mt phng trnh c nghim.
Bi 4:
a) Cho phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Bit a 0 v 5a + 4b + 6c = 0, chng minh rng phng trnh cho c hai nghim.
b) Chng minh rng phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0 ( a 0) c hai nghim nu mt
trong hai iu kin sau c tho mn:
a(a + 2b + 4c) < 0 ;
5a + 3b + 2c = 0.
3x 5x1x 2 3x 2
C 1
.
2
2
4x1x 2 4x1 x 2
Bi 3:
a) Gi p v q l nghim ca phng trnh bc hai: 3x2 + 7x + 4 = 0. Khng gii phng
trnh hy thnh lp phng trnh bc hai vi h s bng s m cc nghim ca n l
p
q
v
.
q 1
p 1
b) Lp phng trnh bc hai c 2 nghim l
1
1
v
.
10 72
10 6 2
Bi 4: Cho phng trnh x2 2(m -1)x m = 0.

a) Chng minh rng phng trnh lun lun c hai nghim x1 ; x2 vi mi m.
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b) Vi m 0, lp phng trnh n y tho mn y1 x1
1
1
v y 2 x 2 .
x2
x1
Bi 5: Khng gii phng trnh 3x2 + 5x 6 = 0. Hy tnh gi tr cc biu thc sau:

x1
x
A 3x1 2x 2 3x 2 2x1 ;
B
2 ;
x 2 1 x1 1
x1 2 x 2 2
x1
x2
2
Bi 6: Cho phng trnh 2x 4x 10 = 0 c hai nghim x1 ; x2. Khng gii phng
trnh hy thit lp phng trnh n y c hai nghim y1 ; y2 tho mn: y1 = 2x1 x2 ; y2 =
2x2 x1
Bi 7: Cho phng trnh 2x2 3x 1 = 0 c hai nghim x1 ; x2. Hy thit lp phng
trnh n y c hai nghim y1 ; y2 tho mn:
D
x1
y 1
x2
y 1 x 1 2
a)
b)
2
x2
y 2 x 2 2
y 2 x
1
2
Bi 8: Cho phng trnh x + x 1 = 0 c hai nghim x1 ; x2. Hy thit lp phng trnh
n y c hai nghim y1 ; y2 tho mn:
x1 x 2
y1 y 2 x x
y 1 y 2 x 1 2 x 2 2
2
1
a)
;
b) 2
y
y
y 1 y 2 2 5x 1 5x 2 0.
1 2 3x 3x
1
2
y 2 y 1
Bi 9: Cho phng trnh 2x2 + 4ax a = 0 (a tham s, a 0) c hai nghim x1 ; x2. Hy
lp phng trnh n y c hai nghim y1 ; y2 tho mn:
1
1
1
1
y1 y 2
x1 x 2
x1 x 2
y1 y 2
Dng 4: Tm iu kin ca tham s phng trnh c nghim, c nghim kp, v

nghim.
Bi 1:
a) Cho phng trnh (m 1)x2 + 2(m 1)x m = 0 (n x).
Xc nh m phng trnh c nghim kp. Tnh nghim kp ny.
b) Cho phng trnh (2m 1)x2 2(m + 4)x + 5m + 2 = 0.
Tm m phng trnh c nghim.
a) Cho phng trnh: (m 1)x2 2mx + m 4 = 0.
- Tm iu kin ca m phng trnh c nghim.
- Tm iu kin ca m phng trnh c nghim kp. Tnh nghim kp .
b) Cho phng trnh: (a 3)x2 2(a 1)x + a 5 = 0.
Tm a phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit.
Bi 2:
a) Cho phng trnh:
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C x1 x2 ;
4x 2
22m 1x
m2 m 6 0 .
4
2
2
x 2x 1
x 1
Xc nh m phng trnh c t nht mt nghim.

b) Cho phng trnh: (m2 + m 2)(x2 + 4)2 4(2m + 1)x(x2 + 4) + 16x2 = 0. Xc
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nh m phng trnh c t nht mt nghim.
nghim x1 ; x2 sao cho biu thc R
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Dng 5: Xc nh tham s cc nghim ca phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0 tho mn

iu kin cho trc.
2
Bi 1: Cho phng trnh: x 2(m + 1)x + 4m = 0
1) Xc nh m phng trnh c nghim kp. Tm nghim kp .
2) Xc nh m phng trnh c mt nghim bng 4. Tnh nghim cn li.
3) Vi iu kin no ca m th phng trnh c hai nghim cng du (tri du)
4) Vi iu kin no ca m th phng trnh c hai nghim cng dng (cng m).
5) nh m phng trnh c hai nghim sao cho nghim ny gp i nghim kia.
6) nh m phng trnh c hai nghim x1 ; x2 tho mn 2x1 x2 = - 2.
7) nh m phng trnh c hai nghim x1 ; x2 sao cho A = 2x12 + 2x22 x1x2 nhn
gi tr nh nht.
Bi 2: nh m phng trnh c nghim tho mn h thc ch ra:
a) (m + 1)x2 2(m + 1)x + m 3 = 0 ;
(4x1 + 1)(4x2 + 1) = 18
2
b) mx (m 4)x + 2m = 0 ;
2(x12 + x22) = 5x1x2
c) (m 1)x2 2mx + m + 1 = 0 ;
4(x12 + x22) = 5x12x22
3x1x2 5(x1 + x2) + 7 = 0.
d) x2 (2m + 1)x + m2 + 2 = 0 ;
Bi 3: nh m phng trnh c nghim tho mn h thc ch ra:
a) x2 + 2mx 3m 2 = 0 ;
2x1 3x2 = 1
2
2
b) x 4mx + 4m m = 0 ;
x1 = 3x2
2
c) mx + 2mx + m 4 = 0 ;
2x1 + x2 + 1 = 0
2
2
d) x (3m 1)x + 2m m = 0 ;
x1 = x22
2
3
e) x + (2m 8)x + 8m = 0 ;
x1 = x22
f) x2 4x + m2 + 3m = 0 ;
x12 + x2 = 6.
Bi 4:
a) Cho phnmg trnh: (m + 2)x2 (2m 1)x 3 + m = 0. Tm iu kin ca m
phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit x1 ; x2 sao cho nghim ny gp i nghim
kia.
b) Ch phng trnh bc hai: x2 mx + m 1 = 0. Tm m phng trnh c hai
2x1x 2 3
t gi tr ln nht. Tm
2
x1 x 2 2(1 x1x 2 )
2
gi tr ln nht .
c) nh m hiu hai nghim ca phng trnh sau y bng 2.
mx2 (m + 3)x + 2m + 1 = 0.
Bi 5: Cho phng trnh: ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0).
Chng minh rng iu kin cn v phng trnh c hai nghim m nghim ny
gp i nghim kia l 9ac = 2b2.
Bi 6: Cho phng trnh bc hai: ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0). Chng minh rng iu kin cn
v phng trnh c hai nghim m nghim ny gp k ln nghim kia (k > 0) l :
kb2 = (k + 1)2.ac
Dng 6: So snh nghim ca phng trnh bc hai vi mt s.
Bi 1:
a) Cho phng trnh x2 (2m 3)x + m2 3m = 0. Xc nh m phng trnh c
hai nghim x1 ; x2 tho mn 1 < x1 < x2 < 6.
b) Cho phng trnh 2x2 + (2m 1)x + m 1 = 0. Xc nh m phng trnh c
hai nghim phn bit x1 ; x2 tho mn: - 1 < x1 < x2 < 1.
Bi 2: Cho f(x) = x2 2(m + 2)x + 6m + 1.
a) Chng minh rng phng trnh f(x) = 0 c nghim vi mi m.
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b) t x = t + 2. Tnh f(x) theo t, t tm iu kin i vi m phng trnh f(x) =
0 c hai nghim ln hn 2.
Bi 3: Cho phng trnh bc hai: x2 + 2(a + 3)x + 4(a + 3) = 0.
a) Vi gi tr no ca tham s a, phng trnh c nghim kp. Tnh cc nghim kp.
b) Xc nh a phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit ln hn 1.
Bi 4: Cho phng trnh: x2 + 2(m 1)x (m + 1) = 0.
a) Tm gi tr ca m phng trnh c mt nghim nh hn 1 v mt nghim ln hn
1.
b) Tm gi tr ca m phng trnh c hai nghim nh hn 2.
Bi 5: Tm m phng trnh: x2 mx + m = 0 c nghim tho mn x1 - 2 x2.
c) Tm m phng trnh c hai nghim x1 ; x2 tho mn:
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Dng 7: Tm h thc lin h gia hai nghim ca phng trnh bc hai khng ph
thuc tham s.
Bi 1:
a) Cho phng trnh: x2 mx + 2m 3 = 0. Tm h thc lin h gia hai nghim ca
phng trnh khng ph thuc vo tham s m.
b) Cho phng trnh bc hai: (m 2)x2 2(m + 2)x + 2(m 1) = 0. Khi phng
trnh c nghim, hy tm mt h thc gia cc nghim khng ph thuc vo tham s
m.
c) Cho phng trnh: 8x2 4(m 2)x + m(m 4) = 0. nh m phng trnh c
hai nghim x1 ; x2. Tm h thc gia hai nghim c lp vi m, suy ra v tr ca cc
nghim i vi hai s 1 v 1.
Bi 2: Cho phng trnh bc hai: (m 1)2x2 (m 1)(m + 2)x + m = 0. Khi phng
trnh c nghim, hy tm mt h thc gia cc nghim khng ph thuc vo tham s m.
Bi 3: Cho phng trnh: x2 2mx m2 1 = 0.
a) Chng minh rng phng trnh lun c hai nghim x1 , x2 vi mi m.
b) Tm biu thc lin h gia x1 ; x2 khng ph thuc vo m.
x1 x 2
5
.
x 2 x1
2
Bi 4: Cho phng trnh: (m 1)x2 2(m + 1)x + m = 0.

a) Gii v bin lun phng trnh theo m.
b) Khi phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit x1 ; x2:
- Tm mt h thc gia x1 ; x2 c lp vi m.
- Tm m sao cho |x1 x2| 2.
Bi 5: Cho phng trnh (m 4)x2 2(m 2)x + m 1 = 0. Chng minh rng nu
phng trnh c hai nghim x1 ; x2 th: 4x1x2 3(x1 + x2) + 2 = 0.
Dng 8: Mi quan h gia cc nghim ca hai phng trnh bc hai.
Kin thc cn nh:
1/ nh gi tr ca tham s phng trnh ny c mt nghim bng k (k 0) ln mt
nghim ca phng trnh kia:
Xt hai phng trnh:
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (1)
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (2)
trong cc h s a, b, c, a, b, c ph thuc vo tham s m.
nh m sao cho phng trnh (2) c mt nghim bng k (k 0) ln mt nghim ca
phng trnh (1), ta c th lm nh sau:
i)
Gi s x0 l nghim ca phng trnh (1) th kx0 l mt nghim ca phng trnh
(2), suy ra h phng trnh:
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ax 0 2 bx 0 c 0
2 2
a' k x 0 b' kx 0 c' 0
(*)
(3) 0
( 4) 0
Gii h trn ta tm c gi tr ca tham s.

ii)
Trng hp c hai phng trnh u c nghim, ta gii h sau:
(3) 0
(4) 0
S(3) S(4)
P P
(4)
(3)
Ch : Bng cch t y = x2 h phng trnh (*) c th a v h phng trnh bc nht 2

n nh sau:
bx ay c
b' x a' y c'
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Gii h phng trnh trn bng phng php th hoc cng i s tm m.

ii)
Thay cc gi tr m va tm c vo hai phng trnh (1) v (2) kim tra li.
2/ nh gi tr ca tham s m hai phng trnh bc hai tng ng vi nhau.
Xt hai phng trnh:
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0) (3)
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0) (4)
Hai phng trnh (3) v (4) tng ng vi nhau khi v ch khi hai phng trnh c cng
1 tp nghim (k c tp nghim l rng).
Do , mun xc nh gi tr ca tham s hai phng trnh bc hai tng ng vi
nhau ta xt hai trng hp sau:
i)
Trng hp c hai phng trinhg cung v nghim, tc l:
gii quyt tip bi ton, ta lm nh sau:

- Tm iu kin h c nghim ri tnh nghim (x ; y) theo m.
- Tm m tho mn y = x2.
- Kim tra li kt qu.
Bi 1: Tm m hai phng trnh sau c nghim chung:
2x2 (3m + 2)x + 12 = 0
4x2 (9m 2)x + 36 = 0
Bi 2: Vi gi tr no ca m th hai phng trnh sau c nghim chung. Tm nghim chung :
a) 2x2 + (3m + 1)x 9 = 0;
6x2 + (7m 1)x 19 = 0.
b) 2x2 + mx 1 = 0;
mx2 x + 2 = 0.
c) x2 mx + 2m + 1 = 0;
mx2 (2m + 1)x 1 = 0.
Bi 3: Xt cc phng trnh sau:
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (1)
cx2 + bx + a = 0 (2)
Tm h thc gia a, b, c l iu kin cn v hai phng trnh trn c mt nghim
chung duy nht.
Bi 4: Cho hai phng trnh:
x2 2mx + 4m = 0 (1)
x2 mx + 10m = 0 (2)
Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m phng trnh (2) c mt nghim bng hai ln mt
nghim ca phng trnh (1).
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Chuyn 3: H phng trnh.

A - H hai phng trnh bc nht hai n:
Dng 1: Gii h phng trnh c bn v a c v dng c bn
Bi 1: Gii cc h phng trnh
3x 2y 4
4x 2y 3
2x 3y 5
1)
;
2)
;
3)
2x y 5
6x 3y 5
4x 6y 10
3x 4y 2 0
2x 5y 3
4x 6y 9
4)
; 5)
;
6)
5x 2y 14
3x 2y 14
10x 15y 18
Bi 2: Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
2x - 32y 4 4x y 3 54
3x 2 2y 3 6xy
1)
;
2)
;
x 13y 3 3yx 1 12
4x 5y 5 4xy
7x 5y - 2
y 27
2y - 5x
5
2x
x 3y 8
3
4
3)
;
4)
6x - 3y 10 5
x 1 y 6y 5x
3
5x 6y
7
Dng 2: Gii h bng phng php t n ph
Gii cc h phng trnh sau
1
2
3y
2
3x
x 1
x 2y y 2x 3
x 1 y 4 4
x 1 y 2 7
1)
;
2)
;
3)
;
2x
5
2
5
4
3
4
x 2y y 2x
x 1 y 4
x 1 y 2
2 x 2 2x y 1 0
4)
;
3 x 2 2x 2 y 1 7 0
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x2 + x + a = 0
x2 + ax + 1 = 0
a) Tm cc gi tr ca a cho hai phng trnh trn c t nht mt nghim chung.
b) Vi nhng gi tr no ca a th hai phng trnh trn tng ng.
x2 + mx + 2 = 0 (1)
x2 + 2x + m = 0 (2)
a) nh m hai phng trnh c t nht mt nghim chung.
b) nh m hai phng trnh tng ng.
c) Xc nh m phng trnh (x2 + mx + 2)(x2 + 2x + m) = 0 c 4 nghim phn bit
Bi 7: Cho cc phng trnh:
x2 5x + k = 0 (1)
x2 7x + 2k = 0 (2)
Xc nh k mt trong cc nghim ca phng trnh (2) ln gp 2 ln mt trong cc
nghim ca phng trnh (1).
5 x 1 3 y 2 7
5)
2 4x 2 8x 4 5 y 2 4y 4 13.
Dng 3: Xc nh gi tr ca tham s h c nghim tho mn iu kin cho trc

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Bi 1:
a) nh m v n h phng trnh sau c nghim l (2 ; - 1).
b) nh a v b bit phng trnh: ax2 - 2bx + 3 = 0 c hai nghim l x = 1 v x = -2.

Bi 2: nh m 3 ng thng sau ng quy:
a) 2x y = m ;
x = y = 2m ;
mx (m 1)y = 2m 1
2
b) mx + y = m + 1 ; (m + 2)x (3m + 5)y = m 5 ; (2 - m)x 2y = - m2 + 2m
2.
Bi 3: Cho h phng trnh
mx 4y 10 m
(m l tham s)
x
my
4
a) Gii h phng trnh khi m = 2 .

b) Gii v bin lun h theo m.
c) Xc nh cc gi tri nguyn ca m h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) sao cho x > 0, y > 0.
d) Vi gi tr nguyn no ca m th h c nghim (x ; y) vi x, y l cc s nguyn dng.
e) nh m h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) sao cho S = x2 y2 t gi tr nh nht.
(cu hi tng t vi S = xy).
f) Chng minh rng khi h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) th im M(x ; y) lun nm trn
mt ng thng c nh khi m nhn cc gi tr khc nhau.
m 1x my 3m 1
2x y m 5
Bi 4: Cho h phng trnh:
a) Gii v bin lun h theo m.

b) Vi cc gi tr nguyn no ca m th h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) sao cho x > 0, y < 0.
c) nh m h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) m P = x2 + y2 t gi tr nh nht.
d) Xc nh m h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) tho mn x2 + 2y = 0. (Hoc: sao cho
M (x ; y) nm trn parabol y = - 0,5x2).
e) Chng minh rng khi h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) th im D(x ; y) lun lun nm
trn mt ng thng c nh khi m nhn cc gi tr khc nhau.
x my 2
mx 2y 1
Bi 5: Cho h phng trnh:
a) Gii h phng trnh trn khi m = 2.

b) Tm cc s nguyn m h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) m x > 0 v y < 0.
c) Tm cc s nguyn m h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) m x, y l cc s nguyn.
d) Tm m h c nghim duy nht (x ; y) m S = x y t gi tr ln nht.
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2mx n 1y m n
m 2 x 3ny 2m 3
B - Mt s h bc hai n gin:
Dng 1: H i xng loi I
x y xy 11
V d: Gii h phng trnh
2
2
x y 3x y 28
Bi tp tng t:
Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
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x 2 y 2 x y 8
1) 2
x y 2 xy 7
x 2 xy y 2 4
2)
x xy y 2
xy x y 19
3) 2
2
x y xy 84
x 1y 1 8
5)
x x 1 yy 1 xy 17
x 2 3xy y 2 1
4) 2
3x xy 3y 2 13
x 2 1 y 2 1 10
6)
x y xy 1 3
x xy y 2 3 2
7) 2
x y 2 6
x 2 xy y 2 19x y 2
8) 2
x xy y 2 7x y
x y y x 30
10)
x x y y 35
Dng 2: H i xng loi II

x 3 1 2y
V d: Gii h phng trnh 3
y 1 2 x
Bi tp tng t:
x 2 1 3y
1) 2
y 1 3x
x 2 y 2 y 2
2) 2
xy 2 x 2
x 3 2x y
3) 3
y 2y x
x 2 xy y 1
4)
x xy y 2 1
y
x 3y 4 x
6)
y 3x 4 x
x 2 2y 2 2x y
5) 2
y 2x 2 2y x
1 3
2x y x
7)
2y 1 3
x y
x 2 3x y
9) 2
y 3y x
x 3 3x 8y
8) 3
y 3y 8x
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x y 2 x y 6
9) 2
5 x y 2 5xy
x 3 7x 3y
10) 3
y 7y 3x
Dng 3: H bc hai gii bng phng php th hoc cng i s

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x y 1 0
1) 2
x xy 3 0
x 2 xy y 2 12
2)
xy x 2 y 2 8
2 xy x 2 4 x 4
3) 2
x 2 xy y 5 x 4
2 x y 2 3 x y 5 0
5)
x y 5 0
x 2 y 2 0
7)
2
2 y x 0
2
2
x y 2 xy 1
9) 2
2 x 2 y 2 2 xy y 0
3x 2y 36
11)
x 2 y 3 18
x 2 y 2 xy 11 0
4)
xy y x 4
x 2 y 0
8)
x y 2 0
2x 3y 5
10) 2
2
x y 40
xy 2x y 2 0
12)
xy 3x 2y 0
xy x y 1
13)
xy 3x y 5
x 2 y 2 4x 4y 8 0
14) 2
x y 2 4x 4y 8 0
Chuyn 4: Hm s v th.
Dng 1: V th hm s
Bi 1: V th cc hm s sau:
a) y = 2x 5 ;
Bi 2: V th hm s y = ax2 khi:
a) a = 2 ;
b) y = - 0,5x + 3
b) a = - 1.
Dng 2: Vit phng trnh ng thng

Ba 1: Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) bit:
a) (d) i qua A(1 ; 2) v B(- 2 ; - 5)
b) (d) i qua M(3 ; 2) v song song vi ng thng () : y = 2x 1/5.
c) (d) i qua N(1 ; - 5) v vung gc vi ng thng (d): y = -1/2x + 3.
d) (d) i qua D(1 ; 3) v to vi chiu dng trc Ox mt gc 300.
e) (d) i qua E(0 ; 4) v ng quy vi hai ng thng
f) (): y = 2x 3; (): y = 7 3x ti mt im.
g) (d) i qua K(6 ; - 4) v cch gc O mt khong bng 12/5 (n v di).
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x x 8 3yy 1 6
15)
2x x 8 5yy 1 14
5 x y 3 x y 8
6)
2 x 3 y 12
Bi 2: Gi (d) l ng thng y = (2k 1)x + k 2 vi k l tham s.

a) nh k (d) i qua im (1 ; 6).
b) nh k (d) song song vi ng thng 2x + 3y 5 = 0.
c) nh k (d) vung gc vi ng thng x + 2y = 0.
d) Chng minh rng khng c ng thng (d) no i qua im A(-1/2 ; 1).
e) Chng minh rng khi k thay i, ng thng (d) lun i qua mt im c nh.
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Dng 3: V tr tng i gia ng thng v parabol
Bi 1:
a) Bit th hm s y = ax2 i qua im (- 2 ; -1). Hy tm a v v th (P) .
b) Gi A v B l hai im ln lt trn (P) c honh ln lt l 2 v - 4. Tm to
A v B t suy ra phng trnh ng thng AB.
1
2
Bi 2: Cho hm s y x 2
a) Kho st v v th (P) ca hm s trn.
b) Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) qua A(- 2; - 2) v tip xc vi (P).
Bi 3:
1
4
Trong cng h trc vung gc, cho parabol (P): y x 2 v ng thng (D): y = mx - 2m - 1.
1
2
Bi 4: Cho hm s y x 2
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a) V th (P).
b) Tm m sao cho (D) tip xc vi (P).
c) Chng t rng (D) lun i qua mt im c nh A thuc (P).
a) V th (P) ca hm s trn.
b) Trn (P) ly hai im M v N ln lt c honh l - 2; 1. Vit phng trnh
ng thng MN.
c) Xc nh hm s y = ax + b bit rng th (D) ca n song song vi ng thng
MN v ch ct (P) ti mt im.
Bi 5:
Trong cng h trc to , cho Parabol (P): y = ax2 (a 0) v ng thng (D): y = kx + b.
1) Tm k v b cho bit (D) i qua hai im A(1; 0) v B(0; - 1).
2) Tm a bit rng (P) tip xc vi (D) va tm c cu 1).
3)V (D) v (P) va tm c cu 1) v cu 2).
3
4) Gi (d) l ng thng i qua im C ;1 v c h s gc m
2
a) Vit phng trnh ca (d).

b) Chng t rng qua im C c hai ng thng (d) tip xc vi (P) ( cu 2) v
vung gc vi nhau.
Chuyn 5: Gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh, h phng trnh.
Dng 1: Chuyn ng (trn ng b, trn ng sng c tnh n dng nc chy)

Bi 1:
Mt t i t A n B trong mt thi gian nht nh. Nu xe chy vi vn tc 35
km/h th n chm mt 2 gi. Nu xe chy vi vn tc 50 km/h th n sm hn 1 gi.
Tnh qung ng AB v thi gian d nh i lc u.
Bi 2:
Mt ngi i xe my t A n B cch nhau 120 km vi vn tc d nh trc. Sau
1
khi c
qung ng AB ngi tng vn tc thm 10 km/h trn qung ng
3
cn li. Tm vn tc d nh v thi gian xe ln bnh trn ng, bit rng ngi n
B sm hn d nh 24 pht.
Bi 3:
Mt can xui t bn sng A n bn sng B vi vn tc 30 km/h, sau li
ngc t B tr v A. Thi gian xui t hn thi gian i ngc 1 gi 20 pht. Tnh
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khong cch gia hai bn A v B. Bit rng vn tc dng nc l 5 km/h v vn tc
ring ca can lc xui v lc ngc bng nhau.
Bi 4:
Mt can xui mt khc sng di 90 km ri ngc v 36 km. Bit thi gian xui
dng sng nhiu hn thi gian ngc dng l 2 gi v vn tc khi xui dng hn vn
tc khi ngc dng l 6 km/h. Hi vn tc can lc xui v lc ngc dng.
Dng 2: Ton lm chung ln ring (ton vi nc)
Bi 1:
Hai ngi th cng lm chung mt cng vic trong 7 gi 12 pht th xong. Nu ngi
th nht lm trong 5 gi v ngi th hai lm trong 6 gi th c hai ngi ch lm c
3
cng vic. Hi mt ngi lm cng vic trong my gi th xong?
4
Bi 2:
gi v vi B chy trong 1 gi 30 pht th c
4
h. Nu vi A chy trong 3
5
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Nu vi A chy 2 gi v vi B chy trong 3 gi th c
1
h. Hi nu chy mt mnh mI vi
2
chy trong bao lu mi y h.

Bi 3:
Hai vi nc cng chy vo mt b th sau 6 gi y b. Nu mi vi chy mt
mnh cho y b th vi II cn nhiu thi gian hn vi I l 5 gi. Tnh thi gian mi vi
chy mt mnh y b?
Dng 3: Ton lin quan n t l phn trm.
Bi 1:
Trong thng ging hai t sn xut c 720 chi tit my. Trong thng hai, t I vt mc
15%, t II vt mc 12% nn sn xut c 819 chi tit my. Tnh xem trong thng
ging mi t sn xut c bao nhiu chi tit my?.
Bi 2:
Nm ngoi tng s dn ca hai tnh A v B l 4 triu ngi. Dn s tnh A nm nay tng
1,2%, cn tnh B tng 1,1%. Tng s dn ca c hai tnh nm nay l 4 045 000 ngi.
Tnh s dn ca mi tnh nm ngoi v nm nay?
Dng 4: Ton c ni dung hnh hc.
Bi 1:
Mt khu vn hnh ch nht c chu vi l 280 m. Ngi ta lm li i xung quanh vn
(thuc t trong vn) rng 2 m. Tnh kch thc ca vn, bit rng t cn li trong
vn trng trt l 4256 m2.
Bi 2:
Cho mt hnh ch nht. Nu tng chiu di ln 10 m, tng chiu rng ln 5 m th din
tch tng 500 m2. Nu gim chiu di 15 m v gim chiu rng 9 m th din tch gim
600 m2. Tnh chiu di, chiu rng ban u.
Bi 3:
Cho mt tam gic vung. Nu tng cc cnh gc vung ln 2 cm v 3 cm th din tch
tam gic tng 50 cm2. Nu gim c hai cnh i 2 cm th din tch s gim i 32 cm2.
Tnh hai cnh gc vung.
Dng 5: Ton v tm s.
Bi 1:
Tm mt s t nhin c hai ch s, tng cc ch s bng 11, nu i ch hai ch s hng
chc v hng n v cho nhau th s tng thm 27 n v.
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Bi 2:
Tm mt s c hai ch s, bit rng s gp 7 ln ch s hng n v ca n v nu s
cn tm chia cho tng cc ch s ca n th c thng l 4 v s d l 3.
Bi 3:
Nu t s ca mt phn s c tng gp i v mu s thm 8 th gi tr ca phn s bng
1
5
. Nu t s thm 7 v mu s tng gp 3 th gi tr phn s bng
. Tm phn s .
4
24
Bi 4:
Nu thm 4 vo t v mu ca mt phn s th gi tr ca phn s gim 1. Nu bt 1 vo
c t v mu, phn s tng
3
. Tm phn s .
2
Dng 1: Phng trnh c n s mu.

Gii cc phng trnh sau:
x
x3
a)
6
x 2 x 1
2x 1
x3
b)
3
x
2x 1
2
2
t
2t 5t
c)
t
t 1
t 1
Dng 2: Phng trnh cha cn thc.
Loi
Loi
A 0 (hayB 0)
A B
A B
B 0
AB
2
A B

a)
2x 2 3x 11 x 2 1
b)
c)
2x 2 3x 5 x 1
d)
x 22 3x 2 5x 14
x 12x 3 x 9
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Chuyn 6: Phng trnh quy v phng trnh bc hai.
e) x 1 x 2 3x
Dng 3: Phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i.

a) x 1 x 2 x 3
b) x 2 2x 1 x 2 2x 3
c) x 4 2x 2 2 x 2 x x 4 4x
d) x 2 1 x 2 4x 4 3x
Dng 4: Phng trnh trng phng.

a) 4x4 + 7x2 2 = 0 ;
b) x4 13x2 + 36 = 0;
d) (2x + 1)4 8(2x + 1)2 9 = 0.
c) 2x4 + 5x2 + 2 = 0 ;
Dng 5: Phng trnh bc cao.
Gii cc phng trnh sau bng cch a v dng tch hoc t n ph a v phng trnh
bc hai:
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Bi 1:
a) 2x3 7x2 + 5x = 0 ;
c) x4 + x3 2x2 x + 1 = 0 ;
Bi 2:
a) (x2 2x)2 2(x2 2x) 3 = 0
c) x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 0
x2 x 5
3x
e)
2
40
x
x x 5
i)
2x
13x
2
6
2x 5x 3 2x x 3
c) (x2 + 4x + 2)2 +4x2 + 16x + 11 = 0

1
1
d) 4 x 2 2 16 x 23 0
x
x
21
f) 2
x 2 4x 6 0
x 4x 10
x 2 48
x 4
h)
2 10 0
3 x
3 x
k) x 2 3x 5 x 2 3x 7.
Bi 3:
a) 6x5 29x4 + 27x3 + 27x2 29x +6 = 0
b) 10x4 77x3 + 105x2 77x + 10 = 0
c) (x 4,5)4 + (x 5,5)4 = 1
d) (x2 x +1)4 10x2(x2 x + 1)2 + 9x4 = 0
Bi tp v nh:
1.
a)
1
3
1
2
2x 1 x 1 4
b)
2x 2
x2
x
c)
4
x4
4x
x3
6
x 1
x
x 2 2x 3
2x 2 2
d)
2
8
x2 9
x 3x 2
2.
a) x4 34x2 + 225 = 0
c) 9x4 + 8x2 1 = 0
e) a2x4 (m2a2 + b2)x2 + m2b2 = 0
b) x4 7x2 144 = 0
d) 9x4 4(9m2 + 4)x2 + 64m2 = 0
(a 0)
3.
a) (2x2 5x + 1)2 (x2 5x + 6)2 = 0
b) (4x 7)(x2 5x + 4)(2x2 7x + 3) = 0
c) (x3 4x2 + 5)2 = (x3 6x2 + 12x 5)2
d) (x2 + x 2)2 + (x 1)4 = 0
e) (2x2 x 1)2 + (x2 3x + 2)2 = 0
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g) 3 2x 2 3x 1 5 2x 2 3x 3 24 0
b) 2x3 x2 6x + 3 = 0 ;
d) x4 = (2x2 4x + 1)2.
4.
a) x4 4x3 9(x2 4x) = 0
c) x4 10x3 + 25x2 36 = 0
b) x4 6x3 + 9x2 100 = 0

d) x4 25x2 + 60x 36 = 0
a) x3 x2 4x + 4 = 0
c) x3 x2 + 2x 8 = 0
e) x3 2x2 4x 3 = 0
b) 2x3 5x2 + 5x 2 = 0
d) x3 + 2x2 + 3x 6 = 0
a) (x2 x)2 8(x2 x) + 12 = 0
b) (x4 + 4x2 + 4) 4(x2 + 2) 77 = 0
5.
6.
c) x 4x 10 - 3 x 2x 6 = 0
2
e) x 5 x x 5 x 5
2x 1
2x 1
d)
3 0
4
x2
x2
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7.
a) (x + 1)(x + 4)(x2 + 5x + 6) = 24
1
1
c) 3 x 2 2 16 x 26 0
b) (x + 2)2(x2 + 4x) = 5
1
1
d) 2 x 2 2 7 x 2 0
8.
a)
x 2 4x x 14
b)
2x 2 x 9 x 1
c)
2x 2 6x 1 x 2
d)
x 3 3x 4 x 2
e)
4x 2 4x 1 x 2 x 2 3
f) x 3 x 2 1 x 3 x 1
b) 4y4 2y2 + 1 2a = 0
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9. nh a cc phng trnh sau c 4 nghim

a) x4 4x2 + a = 0
c) 2t4 2at2 + a2 4 = 0.
19
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Phn II: Hnh hc

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Chuyn 1: Nhn bit hnh, tm iu kin ca mt hnh.
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Bi 1:
Cho tam gic u ABC ni tip ng trn tm O. D v E ln lt l im chnh gia
ca cc cung AB v AC. DE ct AB I v ct AC L.
a) Chng minh DI = IL = LE.
b) Chng minh t gic BCED l hnh ch nht.
c) Chng minh t gic ADOE l hnh thoi v tnh cc gc ca hnh ny.
Bi 2:
Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn c cc ng cho vung gc vi nhau ti I.
a) Chng minh rng nu t I ta h ng vung gc xung mt cnh ca t gic th
ng vung gc ny qua trung im ca cnh i din ca cnh .
b) Gi M, N, R, S l trung im ca cc cnh ca t gic cho. Chng minh MNRS
l hnh ch nht.
c) Chng minh ng trn ngoi tip hnh ch nht ny i qua chn cc ng vung
gc h t I xung cc cnh ca t gic.
Bi 3:
Cho tam gic vung ABC ( A = 1v) c AH l ng cao. Hai ng trn ng knh
AB v AC c tm l O1 v O2. Mt ct tuyn bin i i qua A ct ng trn (O1) v
(O2) ln lt ti M v N.
a) Chng minh tam gic MHN l tam gic vung.
b) T gic MBCN l hnh g?
c) Gi F, E, G ln lt l trung im ca O1O2, MN, BC. Chng minh F cch u 4
im E, G, A, H.
d) Khi ct tuyn MAN quay xung quanh im A th E vch mt ng nh th no?
Bi 4:
Cho hnh vung ABCD. Ly B lm tm, bn knh AB, v 1/4 ng trn pha trong hnh
vung.Ly AB lm ng knh , v 1/2 ng trn pha trong hnh vung. Gi P l im
tu trn cung AC ( khng trng vi A v C). H v K ln lt l hnh chiu ca P trn
AB v AD, PA v PB ct na ng trn ln lt I v M.
a) Chng minh I l trung im ca AP.
b) Chng minh PH, BI, AM ng qui.
c) Chng minh PM = PK = AH
d) Chng minh t gic APMH l hnh thang cn.
) Tm v tr im P trn cung AC tam gic APB l u.
Chuyn 2: Chng minh t gic ni tip, chng minh nhiu im cng

nm trn mt ng trn.
Bi 1:
Cho hai ng trn (O), (O') ct nhau ti A, B. Cc tip tuyn ti A ca (O), (O') ct
(O'), (O) ln lt ti cc im E, F. Gi I l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic EAF.
a) Chng minh t gic OAO'I l hnh bnh hnh v OO'//BI.
b) Chng minh bn im O, B, I, O' cng thuc mt ng trn.
c) Ko di AB v pha B mt on CB = AB. Chng minh t gic AECF ni tip.
20
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Bi 2:
Cho tam gic ABC. Hai ng cao BE v CF ct nhau ti H.Gi D l im i xng ca
H qua trung im M ca BC.
a) Chng minh t gic ABDC ni tip c trong mt ng trn.Xc nh tm O ca
ng trn .
b) ng thng DH ct ng trn (O) ti im th 2 l I. Chng minh rng 5 im
A, I, F, H, E cng nm trn mt ng trn.
Bi 3:
Cho hai ng trn (O) v (O') ct nhau ti A v B. Tia OA ct ng trn (O') ti C, tia
O'A ct ng trn (O) ti D. Chng minh rng:
a) T gic OO'CD ni tip.
b) T gic OBO'C ni tip, t suy ra nm im O, O', B, C, D cng nm trn mt
ng trn.
Bi 4:
Cho t gic ABCD ni tip na ng trn ng knh AD. Hai ng cho AC v BD
ct nhau ti E. V EF vung gc AD. Gi M l trung im ca DE. Chng minh rng:
a) Cc t gic ABEF, DCEF ni tip c.
b) Tia CA l tia phn gic ca gc BCF.
c)* T gic BCMF ni tip c.
Bi 5:
T mt im M bn ngoi ng trn (O) ta v hai tip tuyn MA, MB vi ng
trn. Trn cung nh AB ly mt im C. V CD AB, CE MA, CF MB.
Gi I l giao im ca AC v DE, K l giao im ca BC v DF. Chng minh rng:
a) Cc t gic AECD, BFCD ni tip c.
b) CD2 = CE. CF
c)* IK // AB
Bi 6:
Cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O). T A v tip tuyn xy vi ng trn. V
hai ng cao BD v CE.
a) Chng minh rng bn im B, C, D, E cng nm trn mt ng trn.
b) Chng minh rng xy// DE, t suy ra OA DE.
Bi 7:
Cho tam gic u ABC ni tip ng trn (O). Trn cung nh AB ly mt im M.
ng thng qua A song song vi BM ct CM ti N.
a) Chng minh rng tam gic AMN l tam gic u.
b) Chng minh rng MA + MB = MC.
c)* Gi D l giao im ca AB v CM. Chng minh rng:
1
1
1
AM MB MD
Bi 8:
Cho ba im A, B, C c nh vi B nm gia A v C. Mt ng trn (O) thay i i
qua B v C. V ng knh MN vung gc vi BC ti D ( M nm trn cung nh BC).Tia
AN ct ng trn (O) Ti mt im th hai l F. Hai dy BC v MF ct nhau ti E.
Chng minh rng:
a) T gic DEFN ni tip c.
b) AD. AE = AF. AN
c) ng thng MF i qua mt im c nh.
Bi 9:
T mt im A bn ngoi ng trn ( O; R) v hai tip tuyn AB, AC vi ng trn. Gi
M l trung im ca AB. Tia CM ct ng trn ti im N. Tia AN ct ng trn ti im D.
21
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a) Chng minh rng MB2 = MC. MN
b) Chng minh rng AB// CD
c) Tm iu kin ca im A cho t gic ABDC l hnh thoi. Tnh din tch c hnh
thoi .
Bi 10:
Cho ng trn (O) v mt dy AB. Gi M l im chnh gia ca cung nh AB. V ng
knh MN Ct AB ti I. Gi D l mt im thuc dy AB. Tia MD ct ng trn (O) ti C.
a) Chng minh rng t gic CDIN ni tip c
b) Chng minh rng tch MC. MD c gi tr khng i khi D di ng trn dy AB.
c) Gi O' l tm ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ACD.
Chng minh rng MAB =
1
AO'D.
2
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d) Chng minh rng ba im A, O', N thng hng v MA l tip tuyn ca ng trn

ngoi tip tam gic ACD.
Bi 11:
Cho tam gic ABC vung A ( AB < AC), ng cao AH. Trn on thng HC ly D
sao cho HD = HB. V CE vung gc vi AD ( E AD).
a) Chng minh rng AHEC l t gic ni tip.
b) Chng minh AB l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip t gic AHEC.
c) Chng minh rng CH l tia phn gic ca gc ACE.
d) Tnh din tch hnh gii hn bi cc on thng CA. CH v cung nh AH ca
ng trn ni trn bit AC= 6cm, ACB = 300.
Bi 12:
Cho ng trn tm O c ng knh BC. Gi A l Mt im thuc cung BC ( AB < AC),
D l im thuc bn knh OC. ng vung gc vi BC ti D ct AC E, ct tia BA F.
a) Chng minh rng ADCF l t gic ni tip.
b) Gi M l trung im ca EF. Chng minh rng AME = 2 ACB.
c) Chng minh rng AM l tip tuyn ca ng trn (O).
d) Tnh din tch hnh gii hn bi cc on thng BC, BA v cung nh AC ca ng
trn (O) bit BC= 8cm, ABC = 600.
Bi 13:
Cho na ng trn tm O, ng knh AB = 2R. im M thuc na ng trn. V
ng trn tm M tip xc vi AB ( H l tip im). K cc tip tuyn AC, BD vi
ng trn (M) ( C, D l tip im).
a) Chng minh rng C, M, D thng hng
b) Chng minh rng CD l tip tuyn ca ng trn (O).
c) Tnh tng AC + BD theo R.
d) Tnh din tch t gic ABDC bit AOM = 600.
Bi 14:
Cho tam gic vung cn ABC (A = 900), trung im I ca cnh BC. Xt mt im D
trn tia AC. V ng trn (O) tip xc vi cc cnh AB, BD, DA ti cc im tng
ng M, N, P.
a) Chng minh rng 5 im B, M, O, I, N nm trn mt ng trn.
b) Chng minh rng ba im N, I, P thng hng.
c) Gi giao im ca tia BO vi MN, NP ln lt l H, K. Tam gic HNK l tam gic
g, ti sao?
d) Tm tp hp im K khi im D thay i v tr trn tia AC.
Chuyn 3: Chng minh cc im thng hng, cc ng thng ng quy.

22
Chuyn 4: Chng minh im c nh.
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Bi 1:
Cho hai ng trn (O) v (O') ct nhau ti hai im A v B. ng thng AO ct
ng trn (O) v (O') ln lt ti C v C'. ng thng AO' ct ng trn (O) v (O')
ln lt ti D v D'.
a) Chng minh C, B, D' thng hng
b) Chng minh t gic ODC'O' ni tip
c) ng thng CD v ng thng D'C' ct nhau ti M. Chng minh t gic MCBC' ni tip.
Bi 2:
T mt im C ngoi ng trn ( O) k ct tuyn CBA. Gi IJ l ng knh vung
gc vi AB. Cc ng thng CI, CJ theo th t ct ng trn (O) ti M, N.
a) Chng minh rng IN, JM v AB ng quy ti mt im D.
b) Chng minh rng cc tip tuyn ca ng trn (O) ti M, N i qua trung im E
ca CD.
Bi 3:
Cho hai ng trn ( O; R) v ( O'; R' ) tip xc ngoi ti A ( R> R' ). ng ni tm OO'
ct ng trn (O) v (O') theo th t ti B v C ( B v C khc A). EF l dy cung ca
ng trn (O) vung gc vi BC ti trung im I ca BC, EC ct ng trn (O') ti D.
a) T gic BEFC l hnh gi?
b) Chng minh ba im A, D, F thng hng.
c) CF ct ng trn (O) ti G. Chng minh ba ng EG, DF v CI ng quy.
d) Chng minh ID tip xc vi ng trn (O).
Bi 4:
Cho ng trn (O) v (O) tip xc ngoi ti C. AC v BC l ng knh ca (O) v
(O), DE l tip tuyn chung ngoi (D (O), E (O)). AD ct BE ti M.
a) Tam gic MAB l tam gic g?
b) Chng minh MC l tip tuyn chung ca (O) v (O).
c) K Ex, By vung gc vi AE, AB. Ex ct By ti N. Chng minh D, N, C thng hng.
d) V cng pha ca na mt phng b AB, v na ng trn ng knh AB v OO.
ng thng qua C ct hai na ng tn trn ti I, K. Chng minh OI // AK.
Bi 1:
Cho ng trn (O ; R). ng thng d ct (O) ti A, B. C thuc d ngoi (O). T im
chnh gia P ca cung ln AB k ng knh PQ ct AB ti D. CP ct (O) ti im th
hai I, AB ct IQ ti K.
a) Chng minh t gic PDKI ni tip.
b) Chng minh: CI.CP = CK.CD.
c) Chng minh IC l phn gic ngoi ca tam gic AIB.
d) A, B, C c nh, (O) thay i nhng vn lun qua A, B. Chng minh rng IQ lun
i qua im c nh.
Bi 2:
Cho tam gic u ABC ni tip (O ; R). M di ng trn AB. N di ng trn tia i ca
tia CA sao cho BM = CN.
a) ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AMN ct (O) ti A v D. Chng minh rng D c nh.
b) Tnh gc MDN.
c) MN ct BC ti K. Chng minh DK vung gc vi MN.
d) t AM = x. Tnh x din tch tam gic AMN l ln nht.
Bi 3:
23
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Cho (O ; R). im M c nh ngoi (O). Ct tuyn qua M ct (O) ti A v B. Tip
tuyn ca (O) ti A v B ct nhau ti C.
a) Chng minh t gic OACB ni tip ng trn tm K.
b) Chng minh: (K) qua hai im c nh l O v H khi ct tuyn quay quanh M.
c) CH ct AB ti N, I l trung im AB. Chng minh MA.MB = MI.MN.
d) Chng minh: IM.IN = IA2.
Bi 4:
Cho na ng trn ng knh AB tm O. C l im chnh gia cung AB. M di ng
trn cung nh AC. Ly N thuc BM sao cho AM = BN.
a) So snh tam gic AMC v BCN.
b) Tam gic CMN l tam gic g?
c) K dy AE//MC. Chng minh t gic BECN l hnh bnh hnh.
d) ng thng d i qua N v vung gc vi BM. Chng minh d lun i qua im c nh.
Bi 5:
Cho ng trn (O ; R), ng thng d ct (O) ti hai im C v D. im M tu trn
d, k tip tuyn MA, MB. I l trung im ca CD.
a) Chng minh 5 im M, A, I, O, B cng thuc mt ng trn.
b) Gi H l trc tm ca tam gic MAB, t gic OAHB l hnh g?
c) Khi M di ng trn d. Chng minh rng AB lun qua im c nh.
d) ng thng qua C vung gc vi OA ct AB, AD ln lt ti E v K. Chng minh
EC = EK.
Chuyn 5: Chng minh hai tam gic ng dng v chng minh ng thc
hnh hc.
Bi 1:
Cho ng trn (O) v dy AB. M l im chnh gia cung AB. C thuc AB, dy MD qua C.
a) Chng minh MA2 = MC.MD.
b) Chng minh MB.BD = BC.MD.
c) Chng minh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic BCD tip xc vi MB ti B.
d) Gi R1, R2 l bn knh cc ng trn ngoi tip tam gic BCD v ACD. Chng
minh R1 + R2 khng i khi C di ng trn AB.
Bi 2:
Cho na ng trn tm O, ng knh AB = 2R v mt im M trn na ng trn
(M khc A, B). Tip tuyn ti M ca na ng trn ct cc tip tuyn ti A, B ln lt
C v E.
a) Chng minh rng CE = AC + BE.
b) Chng minh AC.BE = R2.
c) Chng minh tam gic AMB ng dng vi tam gic COE.
d) Xt trng hp hai ng thng AB v CE ct nhau ti F. Gi H l hnh chiu
vung gc ca M trn AB.
+ Chng minh rng:
HA FA
.
HB FB
+ Chng minh tch OH.OF khng i khi M di ng trn na ng trn.

Bi 3:
Trn cung BC ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic u ABC ly mt im P bt k. Cc
ng thng AP v BC ct nhau ti Q. Chng minh rng:
1
1
1
.
PQ PB PC
Bi 4:
24
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Cho gc vung xOy. Trn tia Ox t on OA = a. Dng ng trn (I ; R) tip xc vi
Ox ti A v ct Oy ti hai im B, C. Chng minh cc h thc:
a)
1
1
1
2.
2
2
AB
AC
a
b) AB2 + AC2 = 4R2.
Chuyn 6: Cc bi ton v tnh s o gc v s o din tch.
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Bi 1:
Cho hai ng trn (O; 3cm) v (O;1 cm) tip xc ngoi ti A. V tip tuyn chung
ngoi BC (B (O); C (O)).
a) Chng minh rng gc OOB bng 600.
b) Tnh di BC.
c) Tnh din tch hnh gii hn bi tip tuyn BC v cc cung AB, AC ca hai ng trn.
Bi 2:
Cho im C thuc on thng AB sao cho AC = 10 cm, CB = 40 cm. V v mt pha
ca AB cc na ng trn c ng knh theo th t l AB, AC, CB v c tm theo
th t l O, I, K. ng vung gc vi AB ti C ct na ng trn (O) E. Gi M, N
theo th t l giao im ca EA, EB vi cc na ng trn (I), (K).
a) Chng ming rng EC = MN.
b) Chng minh rng MN l tip tuyn chung ca cc na ng trn (I), (K).
c) Tnh di MN.
d) Tnh din tch hnh c gii hn bi ba na ng trn.
Bi 3:
T mt im A bn ngoi ng trn (O), k hai tip tuyn AB v AC vi ng trn. T
mt im M trn cung nh BC k mt tip tuyn th ba ct hai tip tuyn kia ti P v Q.
a) Chng minh rng: Khi im M chuyn ng trn cung BC nh th chu vi tam gic
APQ c gi tr khng i.
b) Cho bit BAC = 600 v bn knh ca ng trn (O) bng 6 cm. Tnh di ca tip
tuyn AB v din tch phn mt phng c gii hn bi hai tip tuyn AB, AC v
cung nh BC.
Bi 4:
Cho tam gic cn ABC (AB = AC), I l tm ng trn ni tip , K l tm ng trn
bng tip gc A, O l trung im ca IK.
a) Chng minh rng: 4 im B, I, C, K cng thuc mt ng trn.
b) Chng minh rng: AC l tip tuyn ca ng trn (O).
c) Tnh bn knh ca ng trn (O) bit AB = AC = 20 cm, BC = 24 cm.
Bi 5:
Cho ng trn tm O ng knh AB = 2R. E l mt im trn ng trn m AE >
EB. M l mt im trn on AE sao cho AM.AE = AO.AB.
a) Chng minh AOM vung ti O.
b) OM ct ng trn C v D. im C v im E cng mt pha i vi AB.
Chng minh ACM ng dng vi AEC.
c) Chng minh AC l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic CEM.
d) Gi s t s din tch hai tam gic Acm v AEC l
2
. Tnh AC, AE, AM, CM theo R.
3
25
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Chuyn 7: Ton qu tch.
Chuyn 8: Mt s bi ton m u v hnh hc khng gian.
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Bi 1:
Cho tam gic ABC cn (AB = AC) ni tip trong ng trn (O) v M l im di ng trn
ng trn . Gi D l hnh chiu ca B trn AM v P l giao im ca BD vi CM.
a) Chng minh BPM cn.
b) Tm qu tch ca im D khi M di chuyn trn ng trn (O).
Bi 2:
ng trn (O ; R) ct mt ng thng d ti hai im A, B. T mt im M trn d v
ngoi ng trn (O) k cc tip tuyn MP, MQ.
a) Chng minh rng gc QMO bng gc QPO v ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
MPQ i qua hai im c nh khi M di ng trn d.
b) Xc nh v tr ca M MQOP l hnh vung?
c) Tm qu tch tm cc ng trn ni tip tam gic MPQ khi M di ng trn d.
Bi 3:
Hai ng trn tm O v tm I ct nhau ti hai im A v B. ng thng d i qua A
ct cc ng trn (O) v (I) ln lt ti P, Q. Gi C l giao im ca hai ng thng
PO v QI.
a) Chng minh rng cc t gic BCQP, OBCI ni tip.
b) Gi E, F ln lt l trung im ca AP, AQ, K l trung im ca EF. Khi ng
thng d quay quanh A th K chuyn ng trn ng no?
c) Tm v tr ca d tam gic PQB c chu vi ln nht.
Bi 1:
Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCDABCD. Bit AB = 4 cm; AC = 5 cm v AC = 13 cm.
Tnh th tch v din tch xung quanh ca hnh hp ch nht .
Bi 2:
Cho hnh lp phng ABCDABCD c din tch mt cho ACCA bng 25 2 cm2.
Tnh th tch v din tch ton phn ca hnh lp phng .
Bi 3:
Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCDABCD. Bit AB = 15 cm, AC = 20 cm v gc AAC
bng 600. Tnh th tch v din tch ton phn ca hnh hp ch nht .
Bi 4:
Cho lng tr ng tam gic u ABCABC. Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch ca
n bit cnh y di 6 cm v gc AAB bng 300.
Bi 5:
Cho tam gic ABC u cnh a. ng thng d vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) ti
trng tm G ca tam gic ABC. Trn ng thng d ly mt im S. Ni SA, SB, SC.
a) Chng minh rng SA = SB = SC.
b) Tnh din tch ton phn v th tch ca hnh chp S.ABC, cho bit SG = 2a.
Bi 6:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y l a v ng cao l
a 2
.
2
a) Chng minh cc mt bn ca hnh chp l cc tam gic u.

b) Tnh th tch v din tch xung quanh ca hnh chp.
Bi 7:
Cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC c cnh y v cnh bn u bng a.
26
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a) Tnh din tch ton phn ca hnh chp.
b) Tnh th tch ca hnh chp.
Bi 8:
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c chiu cao 15 cm v th tch l 1280 cm3.
a) Tnh di cnh y.
b) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh chp.
Bi 9:
Mt hnh chp ct din tch y nh l 75 cm2, din tch y ln gp 4 ln din tch y
nh v chiu cao l 6 cm. Tnh th tch ca hnh chp ct .
Bi 10:
Cho hnh chp t gic S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA = a v SA
vung gc vi mt phng y (ABCD).
a) Tnh th tch hnh chp.
b) Chng minh rng bn mt bn l nhng tam gic vung.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh chp.
Bi 11:
Mt hnh tr c ng cao bng ng knh y. Bit th tch hnh tr l 128 cm3, tnh
din tch xung quanh ca n.
Bi 12:
Mt hnh nn c bn knh y bng 5 cm v din tch xung quanh bng 65 cm2. Tnh
th tch ca hnh nn .
Bi 13:
Cho hnh nn ct, bn knh y ln bng 8 cm, ng cao bng 12 cm v ng sinh
bng 13 cm.
a) Tnh bn knh y nh.
b) Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch ca hnh nn ct .
Bi 14:
Mt hnh cu c din tch b mt l 36 cm2. Tnh th tch ca hnh cu .
27

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N thi vo lp 10 theo Chuyn

Chuyn 3: H phng trnh. ...............................................................................................................11

Phn II: Hnh hc ................................................................................................................................20

Chuyn 1: Cn thc Bin i cn thc.

Dng 2: Bin i n gin cn thc.

Bi 2: Thc hin php tnh.

(15 50 5 200 3 450 ) : 10 ;

Bi 3: Thc hin php tnh.

Bi 4: Thc hin php tnh.

Bi 7: Rt gn biu thc sau:

Dng 3: Bi ton tng hp kin thc v k nng tnh ton.

Bi 3: Cho biu thc C

Bi 4: Cho biu thc M

c) Tnh cc gi tr ca A nu a 2007 2 2006 .

Chuyn 2: Phng trnh bc hai v nh l Vit.

Dng 1: Gii phng trnh bc hai.

Dng 2: Chng minh phng trnh c nghim, v nghim.

Dng 3: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc i xng, lp phng trnh bc hai nh nghim ca

Lp phng trnh bc hai c cc nghim l

Bi 2: Gi x1 ; x2 l hai nghim ca phng trnh: 5x2 3x 1 = 0. Khng gii phng

vi a, b, c l cc s dng cho trc.

b) Lp phng trnh bc hai c 2 nghim l

Bi 4: Cho phng trnh x2 2(m -1)x m = 0.

Bi 5: Khng gii phng trnh 3x2 + 5x 6 = 0. Hy tnh gi tr cc biu thc sau:

Dng 4: Tm iu kin ca tham s phng trnh c nghim, c nghim kp, v

Xc nh m phng trnh c t nht mt nghim.

nghim x1 ; x2 sao cho biu thc R

Dng 5: Xc nh tham s cc nghim ca phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0 tho mn

c) Tm m phng trnh c hai nghim x1 ; x2 tho mn:

Bi 4: Cho phng trnh: (m 1)x2 2(m + 1)x + m = 0.

Gii h trn ta tm c gi tr ca tham s.

Ch : Bng cch t y = x2 h phng trnh (*) c th a v h phng trnh bc nht 2

b' x a' y c'

Gii h phng trnh trn bng phng php th hoc cng i s tm m.

gii quyt tip bi ton, ta lm nh sau:

Chuyn 3: H phng trnh.

Dng 3: Xc nh gi tr ca tham s h c nghim tho mn iu kin cho trc

b) nh a v b bit phng trnh: ax2 - 2bx + 3 = 0 c hai nghim l x = 1 v x = -2.

a) Gii h phng trnh khi m = 2 .

Bi 4: Cho h phng trnh:

a) Gii v bin lun h theo m.

Bi 5: Cho h phng trnh:

a) Gii h phng trnh trn khi m = 2.

V d: Gii h phng trnh

Dng 2: H i xng loi II

Dng 3: H bc hai gii bng phng php th hoc cng i s

Dng 2: Vit phng trnh ng thng

Bi 2: Gi (d) l ng thng y = (2k 1)x + k 2 vi k l tham s.

a) Vit phng trnh ca (d).

Chuyn 5: Gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh, h phng trnh.

Dng 1: Chuyn ng (trn ng b, trn ng sng c tnh n dng nc chy)

gi v vi B chy trong 1 gi 30 pht th c

Nu vi A chy 2 gi v vi B chy trong 3 gi th c

chy trong bao lu mi y h.

Dng 1: Phng trnh c n s mu.

Gii cc phng trnh sau:

Chuyn 6: Phng trnh quy v phng trnh bc hai.

Dng 3: Phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i.

Dng 4: Phng trnh trng phng.

c) (x2 + 4x + 2)2 +4x2 + 16x + 11 = 0

b) x4 6x3 + 9x2 100 = 0

a) (x2 x)2 8(x2 x) + 12 = 0

b) (x4 + 4x2 + 4) 4(x2 + 2) 77 = 0