76

TS. PHM NGC SN

Phin
bn
in t
77


Li ni u

Thc tin cc k thi i hc Cao ng nhng nm qua cho
thy, t c im s cao nht, cc em cn chun b cho mnh
tht tt hai vn : Chnh xc v l thuyt Nhanh v bi tp. Vic
la chn ng Bi hi l thuyt, gii nhanh cc bi tp l iu kin
tin quyt cho s thnh cng ca mt bi thi mn Ho hc.
Nhm gip cc em trong vic n luyn mn Ho hc phc v
cc k thi, chng ti bin son cun sch n kin thc Luyn k
nng Ho hc. Ni dung c chia lm hai phn chnh:
- Phn mt: n kin thc. Tt c cc ni dung c bn v
quan trng nht v Ho hc THPT c tm tt mt cc c ng,
d hiu.
- Phn hai: Luyn k nng. Cc cu hi trc nghim c chia
thnh cc chng, mi chng bao gm cc cu hi l thuyt v
cc bi tp. Cc cu hi phn ny c tc bin son mt cch
k lng, hng dn mt cch chi tit, s gip ch cho cc em hc
sinh trong vic luyn k nng lm bi tp trc nghim nhanh v
chnh xc.
Tc gi
TS. Phm Ngc Sn






Phn mt:
78

n ki n thc



Chng 1: Cu to nguyn t
Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc
V nh lut Tun hon
1. Thnh phn cu to nguyn t, c im cc ht cu
to nn nguyn t
a) Thnh phn cu to nguyn t
Ht nhn nm tm ca nguyn t gm cc ht proton v ntron (ring nguyn t
hiro c mt loi nguyn t trong ht nhn ch cha proton khng c ntron).
V electron ca nguyn t gm cc electron chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn.
b) c tnh ca cc ht cu to nn nguyn t
c tnh
ht
Ht nhn nguyn t
V electron
ca nguyn t
Ht proton (p) Ht ntron (n) Ht electron (e)
in tch
(quy c)
q
p
= +1,602.10
19
C
(1+)
q
n
= 0
(0)
q
e
= 1,602.10
19
C
(1)
Khi lng
(quy c)
m
p
= 1,6726.10
27
kg
(1vC)
m
n
= 1,6748.10
27
kg
(1vC)
m
e

= 9,1094.10
31
kg
(0,549.10
3
vC)
Nhn xt : Khi lng ca nguyn t tp trung hu ht ht nhn, khi lng ca cc
electron l khng ng k.
m
e
=
p
1 1
m
1840 1840
= vC (hay u)
1u =
1
12
27
27
C
19, 9265.10
m 1, 6605.10
12

= = (kg)
Khi lng nguyn t : m
1nt
= P + N (u)
Khi lng mol nguyn t : M

= P + N (gam)
79

(vi P l s proton, N l s ntron)
Nu hnh dung nguyn t nh mt qu cu th :
Th tch nguyn t : V
1nt
=
3
4
.r
3
t
ng knh nguyn t : D
nt
= 10
10
m = 1A
0
(1nm = 10A
0
)
ng knh ht nhn : D
hn
= D
nt
.10
4
2. in tch v s khi ca ht nhn
a) S n v in tch ht nhn = s proton = s electron (Z = P = E).
b) S khi ca ht nhn (A) bng tng s proton (P) v s ntron (N).
A = P + N = Z + N
3. Nguyn t ho hc
a) Nguyn t ho hc l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn (ngha l
c cng s proton, s electron v c tnh cht ho hc ging nhau).
b) S hiu nguyn t (cho bit s th t ca nguyn t nguyn t trong bng tun
hon) c k hiu l Z, bng s n v in tch ht nhn, bng s proton trong ht
nhn nguyn t v bng s electron c trong nguyn t ca nguyn t).
c) K hiu nguyn t



4. ng v Nguyn t khi trung bnh
a) ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron, do
c s khi A khc nhau.
V d :
16
8
O(8e, 8p, 8n) ;
17
8
O(8e, 8p, 9n)v
18
8
O(8e, 8p, 10n).
Lu : Cn phn bit vi khi nim ng khi (l nhng dng nguyn t ca nhng
nguyn t khc nhau c cng s khi A nhng khc s proton Z).
V d :
40
19
K(19p, 21n, 19e) v
40
20
Ca (20p, 20n, 20e).
b) T s
N
Z

Vi nguyn t nguyn t c in tch ht nhn Z khng qu 82 (ht nhn nguyn t
bn) lun c t s :
1 s
N
Z
s 1,524
A
X
Z
K hiu
nguyn t
S khi
S n v
in tch
ht nhn
80

(tr
1
1
H)

Ring nguyn t nguyn t c Z < 18, t s l:
Nu gi tng s cc ht electron, proton, ntron l S th :
3 s
S
Z
s 3,524 hoc 3 s
S
Z
s 3,23
c) Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t ( A)
Nu nguyn t X c cc ng v :
A1
X,
A2
X,
A3
X, vi phn trm s nguyn t ca
cc ng v l x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, khi khi lng nguyn t trung bnh (KLNTTB) ca
nguyn t X bng :
X
A = x
1
%A
1
+ x
2
%A
2
+ x
3
%A
3
+
1 2 3
x.A y.A z.A ...
A
x y z
+ + +
=
+ +

5. Cu trc v electron ca nguyn t
a) Obitan nguyn t (k hiu AO) l vng khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ti
tp trung phn ln xc sut c mt electron (khong 95%).
Hnh dng cc obitan nguyn t :
Obitan s c dng hnh cu, tm l ht nhn nguyn t.
Obitan p c dng hnh s 8 ni, cc obitan c s nh hng khc nhau trong khng
gian (p
x
, p
y
, p
z
).
Obitan d, f c hnh dng phc tp.
Cc obitan khc nhau v hnh dng, kch thc, nhng mi obitan ch cha ti a 2
electron.

b) Lp electron: gm cc electron c nng lng gn bng nhau.
Nng lng electron lp trong thp hn lp ngoi. Cc lp electron c c
trng bng cc s nguyn : n = 1, 2, 3, , 7 v c k hiu ln lt t trong ra ngoi
nh sau :
1 s
N
Z
s 1,23
81

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
lp K L M N O P Q
c) Phn lp electron: gm cc electron c nng lng bng nhau.
Cc phn lp c k hiu bng cc ch ci vit thng : s, p, d, f.
S lng cc phn lp trong mt lp bng s th t lp. V d : Lp th 3 (lp M) c
3 phn lp (3s, 3p, 3d).
Thc t vi hn 110 nguyn t bit ch s electron in vo 4 phn lp l : ns,
np, nd, nf.
V d : vi n = 6 cc electron in vo cc phn lp 6s, 6p, 6d, 6f.
d) S obitan trong cc phn lp s, p, d, f tng ng l cc s l : 1, 3, 5, 7.
e) S obitan trong lp electron th n l n
2
obitan.
V d :
Lp M (n = 3) c : 3
2
= 9 obitan (gm 1 obitan 3s, 3 obitan 3p v 5 obitan 3d)
Lp N (n = 4) c 4
2
= 16 obitan (gm 10 obitan 4s ; 3 obitan 4p ; 5 obitan 4d; 7
obitan 4f).
f) Nng lng ca cc electron trong nguyn t. Cu hnh electron nguyn t
Mc nng lng obitan nguyn t (hay mc nng lng AO)
Khi s hiu nguyn t Z tng, cc mc nng lng AO tng dn theo trnh t nh sau
:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p ...
Lu : Khi Z > 20, c s chn mc nng lng, v d : mc 4s tr nn thp hn
3d,
Cc nguyn l v quy tc phn b electron trong nguyn t
Nguyn l Pauli :
Trn mt obitan ch c th c nhiu nht l hai electron v hai electron ny chuyn
ng t quay ngc chiu nhau xung quanh trc ring ca mi electron.
Obitan c 2 electron ghp i : v 1 electron c thn :
Nguyn l vng bn :
trng thi c bn, trong nguyn t cc electron chim ln lt nhng obitan c
mc nng lng t thp n cao.
| |+
82

Quy tc Kleckowski (th t mc nng lng obitan t
thp n cao) :
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p ...


Quy tc Hund :
Trong cng mt phn lp, cc electron s phn b trn cc obitan sao cho s electron
c thn l ti a v cc electron ny phi c chiu t quay ging nhau.
Cu hnh electron nguyn t
Cu hnh electron biu din s phn b electron trn cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc
nhau.
V d : Fe (Z = 26) c 26 electron.
Cu hnh electron ca Fe l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2
.
ngha :
V d S e trong phn lp
S th t lp 3d
6

Tn phn lp
Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Fe vit di dng lng t :

c im ca lp electron ngoi cng
Do lin kt yu vi ht nhn nguyn t, cc electron lp ngoi cng d tham gia
vo s hnh thnh lin kt ho hc quyt nh tnh cht ho hc ca nguyn t.
Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t c nhiu nht 8 electron.
Nu c 1, 2 hay 3 electron lp ngoi cng chng l nhng nguyn t kim loi.
Nu c 5, 6 hay 7 electron lp ngoi cng chng thng l nhng phi kim.
Nu c 4 electron lp ngoi cng c th l kim loi (Sn, Pb), c th l phi kim
(C, Si).
Nu c 8 electron lp ngoi cng (tr He c 2e) l cc kh him.
83

6. Cu to bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc
a) nguyn t
Thnh phn ca nguyn t gm k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t, s hiu nguyn t,
nguyn t khi trung bnh, ngoi ra cn c th thm thng tin v cu to nguyn t,
mng tinh th,
V d :
S hiu nguyn t (stt) 22 Ti K hiu nguyn t
Tn nguyn t Titan
KLNT trung bnh 47,88


Khi lng ring (g/cm
3
) 4,5 (Ar)3d
2
4s
2
Cu hnh electron
Nhit nng chy (
0
C) 1670
0
C 1,54 m in
Nhit si (
0
C) 3289
0
C 1gk Cu trc tinh th
S oxi ho c th c + 2, +3, +4
6,82eV
Nng lng ion ho
b) Chu k l dy cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp electron,
c xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn.
C 3 chu k nh (1, 2, 3) v 4 chu k ln (4,5, 6,7).
S lng nguyn t cc chu k nh sau :
Chu k 1 gm 2 nguyn t Z = 1 2 ;
Chu k 2 gm 8 nguyn t Z = 3 10 ;
Chu k 3 gm 8 nguyn t Z = 11 18 ;
Chu k 4 gm 18 nguyn t Z = 19 36 ;
Chu k 5 gm 18 nguyn t Z = 37 54 ;
Chu k 6 gm 32 nguyn t Z = 55 86 ;
Chu k 7 l chu k cha y gm cc nguyn t t Z = 87 tr i.
c) Nhm l tp hp cc nguyn t c xp thnh ct, gm cc nguyn t m nguyn
t c cu hnh electron tng t nhau, do c tnh cht ho hc gn ging nhau.
Nguyn t cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm c s electron ho tr bng nhau v
bng s th t ca nhm (tr mt s t ngoi l).
Cc nhm nguyn t c chia thnh hai loi :
Nhm A : gm cc nguyn t s v nguyn t p STT nhm A = s electron lp
ngoi cng.
IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
ns
1
ns
2
ns
2
np
1
ns
2
np
2
ns
2
np
3
ns
2
np
4
ns
2
np
5
ns
2
np
6
Nhm B : gm cc nguyn t d v nguyn t f. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca
hu ht cc nguyn t nhm B nh sau
84

IB
(n1)d
10
ns
1

IIB
(n1)d
10
ns
2

IIIB
(n1)d
1
ns
2

IVB
(n1)d
2
ns
2

VB
(n1)d
3
ns
2

VIB
(n1)d
5
ns
1

VIIB
(n 1) d
5
ns
2
VIIIB :
(n1)
6
ns
2
(n1)d
7
ns
2
(n1)d
8
ns
2
7. Nhng tnh cht bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca
in tch ht nhn
Trong mt chu k (t tri phi) : Khi in tch ht nhn tng, s lp electron
bng nhau, s electron lp ngoi cng tng bn knh nguyn t gim; m in
tng; nng lng ion ho I
1
tng; tnh kim loi gim ng thi tnh phi kim tng; tnh
axit ca cc oxit, hiroxit tng ng thi tnh baz ca chng gim; ho tr trong hp
cht kh vi hiro ca phi kim gim t 4 1; ho tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi
tng t 1 7.
Trong mt nhm A ( t trn xung di) : Khi in tch ht nhn tng, s lp
electron tng, s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau bn knh nguyn t tng;
m in gim; nng lng ion ho I
1
gim; tnh kim loi tng ng thi tnh phi kim
gim; tnh axit ca cc oxit, hiroxit gim ng thi tnh baz ca chng tng; ho tr
trong hp cht kh vi hiro v oxi tng t nhau.
Lu :
Hai nguyn t A, B thuc cng mt chu k v thuc 2 nhm A lin tip nhau c Z
B
Z
A
= 1.
Hai nguyn t A, B thuc cng nhm A v thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau c
+) Z
B
Z
A
= 8 (nu t nht A thuc chu k nh)
+) Z
B
Z
A
= 18 (nu c A, B thuc chu k ln)
Cng thc hp cht vi hiro v oxi ca cc nguyn t nhm A:
Nhm IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
Hp cht kh vi
hiro
RH
4
RH
3
RH
2
RH
Hp cht vi oxi
(ho tr cao nht)
R
2
O R O

R
2
O
3
RO
2
R
2
O
5
RO
3
R
2
O
7
8. nh lut tun hon
Tnh cht ca cc nguyn t cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc n cht v
hp cht to nn t cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch
ht nhn nguyn t.



85

Chng 2: Lin kt ho hc

1. Khi nim v lin kt ho hc
Lin kt ho hc l s kt hp gia cc nguyn t to thnh phn t hay tinh th bn
vng hn.
2. Quy tc bt t (8 electron)
Cu hnh vi 8 electron lp ngoi cng (hoc 2 electron lp th nht) l mt cu
hnh c bit vng bn.
Theo quy tc bt t (8 electron) th cc nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c khuynh hng
lin kt vi cc nguyn t khc t c cu hnh electron vng bn ca cc kh him
vi 8 electron (hoc 2 i vi heli) lp ngoi cng.
3. Lin kt ion v lin kt cng ho tr

Loi lin kt Lin kt ion Lin kt cng ho tr
Ging nhau
Nguyn nhn hnh thnh lin kt : Cc nguyn t lin kt vi
nhau t cu hnh electron bn vng ca kh him.
Khc
nhau
Bn
cht
L lc ht tnh in gia cc
ion mang in tch tri du
L s dng chung cc electron
Na
+
+ Cl

NaCl H. + Cl. H : Cl
iu
kin
lin kt
Xy ra gia nhng nguyn t
khc hn nhau v bn cht ho
hc (thng xy ra gia cc
kim loi in hnh v phi kim
in hnh) ; gia ion dng
ion m.
Xy ra gia hai nguyn t
ging nhau v bn cht ho
hc (thng xy ra vi cc
nguyn t phi kim nhm 4, 5,
6, 7)
Lu : Trn thc t trong hu ht cc trng hp, trng thi lin kt va mang tnh
cht cng ho tr va mang tnh ion. c th bit c loi lin kt ta phi da vo
gi tr hiu m in gia 2 nguyn t ca mt lin kt.
4. Xc nh loi lin kt da vo gi tr hiu m in gia
hai nguyn t ca mt lin kt
Hiu m in Loi lin kt
A_ < 0,4
0,4 s A_ < 1,7
A_ > 1,7
Lin kt cng ho tr khng cc
Lin kt cng ho tr c cc
Lin kt ion
5. Lin kt cho - nhn (cn gi l lin kt phi tr)
L loi lin kt cng ho tr c bit m cp electron dng chung ch do 1 nguyn t
cung cp c gi l nguyn t cho electron. Nguyn t cn li c obitan trng
(obitan khng c electron) c gi l nguyn t nhn electron. Lin kt cho nhn
c k hiu bng mi tn "" c chiu t nguyn t cho electron sang nguyn t
nhn electrron.
86

V d : Qu trnh hnh thnh ion NH
4
+
(t NH
3
v H
+
) c bn cht lin kt cho nhn
:

iu kin to thnh lin kt cho nhn gia hai nguyn t A B l nguyn t
ca nguyn t A c 8 electron lp ngoi, trong c nhng cp electron t do
(cha tham gia lin kt) v nguyn t ca nguyn t B phi c obitan trng.
6. Lin kt kim loi
1) Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi
trong mng tinh th c s tham gia ca cc electron t do.
2) Lin kt trong mng tinh th kim loi c bn cht tnh in, nhng khc vi lin
kt ion ch : Lin kt gia cc ion l lc ht tnh in ion ion, cn lin kt kim
loi l lc ht tnh in ion electron t do.
7. S xen ph cc obitan to thnh lin kt n, lin kt
i v lin kt ba
a) S xen ph trc Lin kt o (xch ma)
S xen ph trong trc ca obitan lin kt trng vi ng ni tm ca hai nguyn t
lin kt gi l s xen ph trc. S xen ph trc to lin kt o (hnh 1).

Hnh 1. Xen ph trc Hnh 2. Xen ph bn
b) S xen ph bn Lin kt t (pi)
S xen ph trong trc ca cc obitan lin kt song song vi nhau v vung gc vi
ng ni tm ca 2 nguyn t lin kt c gi l xen ph bn. S xen ph bn to
lin kt t (hnh 2).
c) Lin kt n : Lun lun l lin kt xch ma o, c to thnh t s xen ph trc
v thng bn vng.
d) Lin kt i : Gm 1 lin kt o v 1 lin kt t. Cc lin kt t thng km bn hn
so vi lin kt o.
e) Lin kt ba : Gm mt lin kt o v hai lin kt t km bn.
8. Lai ho obitan
a) S lai ha obitan
L s t hp (trn ln) mt s obitan ha tr c mc nng lng gn bng nhau
c cng s lng cc obitan lai ha ging nhau nhng nh hng khc nhau trong
khng gian.
b) Cc kiu lai ha thng gp
- Lai ha sp : 1AOs + 1AOp 2AOsp thng hng (gc lin kt 180
0
).
87

V d : Trong cc phn t BeH
2
; BeCl
2
; C
2
H
2
cc nguyn t Be, C trng thi lai
ha sp.

- Lai ha sp
2
: 1AOs + 2AOp 3AO sp
3
trn mt phng, hng t tm n nh tam
gic u (gc lin kt 120
0
).
V d : Trong cc phn t C
2
H
4
; BF
3
cc nguyn t C, B trng thi lai ha sp
2
.
- Lai ha sp
3
: 1AOs + 3AOp 4AO sp
2
c hng t tm n 4 nh ca t din
u (gc lin kt 109
0
28

).
V d : Trong cc phn t CH
4
; NH
3
; H
2
O cc nguyn t C, N, O trng thi lai ha
sp
3
.
8. Cc loi tinh th
a). Tinh th ion
Tinh th ion c hnh thnh t nhng ion mang in tch tri du, l cc cation
v anion.
Lc lin kt c bn cht tnh in.
Tinh th ion bn, kh nng chy, kh bay hi.
b) Tinh th nguyn t
Tinh th c hnh thnh t cc nguyn t.
Lc lin kt c bn cht cng ho tr.
Nhit nng chy v nhit si cao.
c) Tinh th phn t
Tinh th c hnh thnh t cc phn t.
Lc lin kt l lc tng tc phn t.
Km bn, cng nh, nhit nng chy v nhit si thp.
d) Tinh th kim loi
Tinh th c hnh thnh t nhng ion, nguyn t kim loi v cc electron t do.
Lc lin kt c bn cht tnh in.
nh kim, dn nhit, dn in tt, do.
9. Ho tr trong hp cht ion
- Khi nim v in ho tr : Ho tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht ion c gi l
in ho tr.
Cch xc nh in ho tr : Tr s in ho tr ca mt nguyn t bng s electron
m nguyn t ca nguyn t nhng hoc thu to thnh ion hay bng tr s in
tch ca ion.
- Ho tr trong hp cht cng ho tr
Khi nim: Ho tr ca nguyn t trong hp cht cng ho tr c gi l cng ho tr.
Cch xc nh : Cng ho tr ca mt nguyn t l s lin kt m nguyn t ca
nguyn t to ra c vi cc nguyn t khc trong phn t trng thi ang xt.
10. S oxi ho
Khi nim : S oxi ho ca mt nguyn t trong phn t l in tch ca nguyn t
nguyn t nu gi nh lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t l lin kt ion.
Cch xc nh : Theo 4 quy tc
Quy tc 1: Trong cc n cht, s oxi ho ca nguyn t bng 0.
Quy tc 2: Trong mt phn t tng s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t bng 0.
88

Quy tc 3: Trong cc ion n nguyn t, s oxi ho ca nguyn t bng in tch ca
ion ; trong ion a nguyn t tng s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t bng
in tch ca ion.
Quy tc 4: Trong hu ht cc hp cht, s oxi ho ca hiro bng +1, ca oxi bng
2.
89

Chng 3: Phn ng ho hc

1. Phn loi:
Loi 1: Phn ng ho hc c s thay i s oxi ho (phn ng oxi ho kh ). Hu
ht cc phn ng ho hc thuc loi ny.
Loi 2: Phn ng ho hc khng c s thay i s oxi ho. Cc phn ng trao i,
mt s phn ng ho hp v mt s phn ng phn hu thuc loi phn ng ho hc
ny.
2. Cc phng php cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh
a) Phng php thng bng electron
Nguyn tc ca ca phng php da trn s bo ton electron, ngha l tng s
electron cht kh cho bng tng s electron cht oxi ho nhn.
Bc 1 : Xc nh cc cht c mt trong PTHH ca phn ng
C th cha cn vit ht tt c cc cht tham gia v sn phm, nhng nht thit phi
vit cc cht tham gia cho, nhn electron v cc sn phm ca chng.
V d : Ho tan Cu bng dung dch HNO
3
long
Cu + HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ NO| + H
2
O
Bc 2 : Xc nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t c s oxi ho thay i, vit
cc qu trnh cho, nhn electron.
0
Cu


2
Cu
+
+ 2e (S oxi ho)
5
N
+
+ 3e
2
N
+

(S kh)
Bc 3 : Cn bng s electron cho nhn.
Ni chung, cn bng s electron cho, nhn ta ch cn nhn cho s electron cho v
nhn.
3
0
Cu


2
Cu
+
+ 2e
2
5
N
+
+ 3e
2
N
+

Bc 4 : a h s tm c t phng trnh cho nhn electron vo
phng trnh ho hc :
3Cu + 2HNO
3
3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO| + H
2
O
Bc 5 : Cn bng phn khng oxi ho kh. Trc ht cn b sung phn
axit to mui. i vi phn ng trn ta cn thm 6 phn t HNO
3
to ra 3 phn t
Cu(NO
3
)
2
, cui cng cn bng s phn t H
2
O (hoc cc cht lm mi trng, v.v...).
3Cu + 8HNO
3
3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O
b) Phng php ion electron
Theo phng php ny, bc 1, bc 2 ging nh phng php trn, bc 3, cc
qu trnh cho nhn electron c vit di dng ion, phn t m chng tn ti thc.
Phng php ion-electron ch p dng cho cc phn ng xy ra trong dung dch.
V d : Trng hp ho tan Cu bng dung dch HNO
3
trn ta vit nh sau
Cu
o
Cu
2+
+ 2e (Cu
2+
ch khng phi l
2
Cu
+
)
90

+ |
3
NO 3e NO (khng vit
5
N
+
,
2
N
+
)
Ch : cn bng cc bn phn ng c th dng cc quy tc sau :
Ngoi cc cht (nguyn t, phn t, ion, vv...) cho nhn electron v cc sn phm ca
chng nu cn bng (c v s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t, c v in tch ca 2 v
(VD : Cu
o
Cu
2+
+ 2e) th coi l bn phn ng vit xong ; nu cha cn bng (VD
:
3
NO 3e NO

+ |) th tin hnh nh sau :

Nu v tri nhiu oxi (O) hn v phi th trong mi trng axit v tri thm H
+
v
v phi thm H
2
O.
V d :
3 2
NO 3e 4H NO 2H O
+
+ + + .
Nu trong mi trng trung tnh th v tri thm H
2
O v v phi to thnh OH

.
V d :
4 2 2
MnO 3e 2H O MnO 4OH

+ + +
Nu v tri t oxi (O) hn v phi trong mi trng trung tnh th v tri thm H
2
O
v v phi to thnh H
+
.
V d : SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
2
4
SO 4H 2e
+
+ + .
Nu trong mi trng baz th v tri thm OH

v v phi thm H
2
O.
V d :
2 2
3 4 2
SO 2OH SO H O 2e

+ + +
Sau khi cn bng ta c hai bn phn ng sau :
Cu
o
Cu
2+
+ 2e
3 2
NO 3e 4H NO 2H O
+
+ + | +
Bc 4 : cn bng s electron cho nhn ging nh phng php thng
bng electron.
3 Cu
o
Cu
2+
+ 2e
2
3 2
NO 3e 4H NO 2H O
+
+ + | +
Bc 5 : cng 2 bn phn ng, ta c phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn
ng
2
3 2
3Cu 8H 2NO 3Cu 2NO 4H O
+ +
+ + + | +
Mun chuyn phng trnh dng ion thnh phng trnh dng phn t ta cn cng
vo 2 v nhng lng nh nhau cc cation hoc anion hoc c hai b tr in tch.
Trng hp trn cn cng
3
6NO

vo 2 v, ta c :
3Cu + 8HNO
3
3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O
3. Phn loi phn ng oxi ho - kh
S phn ng oxi ho kh c th phn thnh 3 nhm ln sau y :
Phn ng gia cc nguyn t, phn t, ion : ngha l nhng phn ng trong
c s chuyn di electron t cht ny sang cht khc.
Cc v d in hnh :
a) Gia cc nguyn t : Zn + S
o
t
ZnS
b) Gia nguyn t phn t : 2Al + Fe
2
O
3

o
t
2Fe + Al
2
O
3

c) Gia phn t phn t : FeO + CO
o
t
Fe + CO
2

d) Gia nguyn t ion :
91

3Cu + 2NO

3
+ 8H
+

o
t
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O
e) Gia ion ion :
2MnO
4

+ SO
2
3

+ 2OH

2 2
4 4 2
2MnO SO H O

+ +
Trong loi phn ng ny mt cht ng vai tr cht oxi ho (nhn electron) v cht
kia (cho electron) ng vai tr cht kh.
Phn ng ni phn t : l phn ng trong qu trnh cho nhn electron
xy ra trong mt phn t.
V d : 2HgO 2Hg + O
2

HgO va l cht oxi ho va l cht kh, trong
2
Hg
+
ng vai tr cht oxi ho v
2
O

ng vai tr cht kh.

2Cu(NO
3
)
3

o
t
2CuO + 4NO
2
| + |
2
O
Cu(NO
3
)
2
va l cht oxi ho va l cht kh, trong
5
N
+
ng vai tr cht oxi ho
v
2
O

ng vai tr cht kh.

Phn ng d li : l phn ng trong cc nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t
cng mt mc oxi ho (cng s oxi ho) tch thnh nhiu mc oxi ho khc nhau :
V d :
4 3 5
2 2 3 2
2NO 2NaOH NaNO NaNO H O
+ + +
+ + +
Ch : phn ng ng hp l trng hp c bit ca phn ng gia cc phn t,
trong cc nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t cc mc oxi ho khc nhau tc
dng vi nhau thnh mt cht c cng mc oxi ho.
V d :
5 1 0
3 2 4 2 4 2 2
KBrO 5KBr 3H SO 3K SO 3Br 3H O
+
+ + + +
(cht oxi ho) (cht kh)












92

Chng 4: Tc phn ng v cn bng ho hc

1. Khi nim v tc phn ng v tc trung bnh ca
phn ng
a) Tc phn ng
Mi phn ng ho hc u c th biu din bng phng trnh tng qut sau :
Cc cht phn ng Cc sn phm
Trong qu trnh phn ng, nng cc cht phn ng gim dn, ng thi nng
cc sn phm tng dn. Phn ng xy ra cng nhanh th trong mt n v thi gian
nng cc cht phn ng gim v nng cc sn phm tng cng nhiu. Nh vy,
c th dng bin thin nng theo thi gian ca mt cht bt k trong phn ng
lm thc o tc phn ng.
Tc phn ng l bin thin nng ca mt trong cc cht phn ng hoc sn
phm trong mt n v thi gian.
Nng thng c tnh bng mol/l, cn n v thi gian c th l giy (s), pht
(ph), gi (h)...
Tc phn ng c xc nh bng thc nghim.
b) Tc trung bnh ca phn ng ( v )
* Xt phn ng : A B
thi im t
1
, nng cht A (cht phn ng) l C
1
mol/l. thi im t
2
, nng
cht A l C
2
mol/l (C
2
< C
1
v trong qu trnh din ra phn ng nng cht A gim
dn).
Tc trung bnh ca phn ng tnh theo cht A trong khong thi gian t t
1
n t
2

c xc nh nh sau :
A
= = = +
A
2 1 1 2
2 1 2 1
C C C C C
v
t t t t t

Nu tc trung bnh ca phn ng c tnh theo sn phm B th :
thi im t
1
, nng cht B l C
1
mol/l. thi im t
2
nng cht B l C
2
mol/l
(C
2
> C
1
v nng cht B tng theo thi gian din ra phn ng). Ta c :
A
= + = +
A
2 1
2 1
C C C
v
t t t

* Xt phn ng : aA + bB cC + dD
Vi cc phn ng c h s t lng khc nhau trong PTHH, cn ch :
A A A A
= + = + = =
A A A A
C D A B
C C C C 1 1 1 1
v
c t d t a t b t

93

2. Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
a) Nng
Khi tng nng cht phn ng, tc phn ng tng.
V d : aA + bB cC + dD
v = k. [A]
a
[B]
b
Trong : [A] ; [B] l nng cc cht A, B.
k : hng s tc phn ng ch ph thuc vo nhit v bn cht phn
ng (l tc phn ng khi nng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng
nhau v bng 1 mol/l).
v : tc phn ng.
b) p sut
i vi phn ng c cht kh, khi tng p sut tc phn ng tng.
(Khi tng p sut ln bao nhiu ln ng ngha vi tng nng cc cht phn ng
ln by nhiu ln).
c) Nhit
Khi tng nhit , tc phn ng tng khi tng nhit t t
0
1
t
2
0
c :
0
2
t
v =
0
1
t
v
.

a
t t
0
1
0
2

Trong :
0
1
t
v v
0
2
t
v l tc phn ng nhit ban u v nhit cao hn.
: l h s nhit ca tc (cho bit tc phn ng tng ln bao
nhiu ln khi tng a (
0
C).
d) Din tch b mt
Khi tng din tch b mt cht phn ng, tc phn ng tng.
e) Cht xc tc : l cht lm tng tc phn ng, nhng cn li sau khi phn ng kt thc.
(Cht lm gim tc phn ng c gi l cht c ch phn ng).
3. Cn bng ho hc
- Phn ng thun nghch l phn ng xy ra theo 2 chiu ngc nhau trong cng iu kin.
- Cn bng ho hc l trng thi ca phn ng thun nghch khi tc phn ng thun bng
tc phn ng nghch.
- Khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, nng cc cht khng thay i nhng cc phn
ng thun v nghch vn din ra nn cn bng ha hc l cn bng ng.
- Hng s cn bng: Cho phn ng : aA + bB

cC + dD
| | | |
| | | |
c d
C
a b
C D
K
A B
=
94

[A] ; [B] ; [C] ; [D] l nng mol ca cc cht A, B, C, D lc cn bng.
K
C
: hng s cn bng ca phn ng ch ph thuc vo nhit v bn cht phn ng.
4. S chuyn dch cn bng, cc yu t nh hng n cn
bng ho hc
a) S chuyn dch cn bng : Mt phn ng thun nghch ang trng thi cn
bng, c th chuyn sang trng thi cn bng khc do s thay i iu kin ca phn
ng gi l s chuyn dch cn bng.
b) Nhng yu t nh hng
* Nng :
- Khi tng nng mt cht no trong cn bng (tr cht rn) nhit khng
i, th cn bng s chuyn dch sang pha lm gim nng cht cho n khi t
cn bng mi.
- Khi gim nng mt cht no trong cn bng (tr cht rn) nhit khng
i, th cn bng s chuyn dch sang pha tng nng cht cho n khi t cn
bng mi.
* p sut :
- Khi tng p sut chung ca h cn bng nhit khng i, th cn bng s
chuyn dch sang pha phn ng c s mol kh t hn, cho ti khi t cn bng mi.
- Khi gim p sut chung ca h cn bng nhit khng i, th cn bng s
chuyn dch sang pha phn ng c s mol kh nhiu hn, cho n khi t cn bng
mi.
- H cn bng c s mol cht kh hai v ca PTHH bng nhau th vic tng hay
gim p sut chung khng lm cn bng chuyn dch.
* Nhit :
- Khi tng nhit ca cn bng, th cn bng s chuyn dch sang pha phn ng thu
nhit cho n khi t cn bng mi.
- Khi gim nhit ca cn bng, th cn bng s chuyn dch sang pha phn ng to
nhit cho n khi t cn bng mi.
Ba yu t lm chuyn dch cn bng c tm tt trong nguyn l L Satli:
Khi thay i cc iu kin ca mt phn ng thun nghch ang trng thi cn
bng (nng , nhit , p sut), cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu lm gim tc
ng ca s thay i .





95

Chng 5: s in li
1. Khi nim
Qu trnh phn li cc cht thnh ion l s in li. Nhng cht tan trong nc phn li
ra ion c gi l nhng cht in li.
in li : in li o (anpha) ca cht in li l t s gia s phn t phn li ra
ion (n) v tng s phn t ho tan (n
0
) :
0
n
n
= o
, hoc
0
C
C
o =
(trong C l nng cht in li phn li thnh ion; C
0
l nng cht tan ban
u).
Phn loi cc cht in li :
+) Cht in li mnh l cht c o = 1 (cc axit mnh, baz mnh, hu ht cc mui
tan. V d : HCl ; HNO
3
; H
2
SO
4
; HClO
3
; NaOH ; KOH ; Ba(OH)
2
; NaCl ; KNO
3
;
Ba(NO
3
)
2
...).
Na
2
CO
3
2Na
+
+
2
3
CO


+) Cht in li yu l cht c 0 < o < 1. (v d : cc axit yu, baz yu... nh : HF ;
HClO ; HNO
2
; H
2
CO
3
; Mg(OH)
2
...)
HF

H
+
+ F

Cn bng phn li ca cc cht in li yu l cn bng ng, tun theo nguyn l
chuyn dch cn bng L Satli. Khi pha long dung dch cht in li yu th in
li tng.
2. Axit baz
Axit l cht nhng proton. Ngoi nhng axit thng thng, mt s ion cng th
hin tnh axit trong dung dch nh : NH
4
+
; HSO
4

; Al
3+
.H
2
O ; Fe
3+
.H
2
O ; Cu
2+
.H
2
O ;
Mg
2+
.H
2
O,...
HNO
2
+ H
2
O

H
3
O
+
+ NO
2

Al
3+
.H
2
O + H
2
O

H
3
O
+
+ Al(OH)
2+


Baz l cht nhn proton. Ngoi nhng baz thng thng, mt s ion cng th
hin tnh baz trong dung dch nh cc anion gc axit ca axit yu, nh : NO
2

;
CO
2
3

; SO
2
3

; S
2
; CH
3
COO

; SiO
2
3

; AlO
2

; ZnO
2
2

; C
6
H
5
O

; PO
3
4

,...
CO
2
3

+ H
2
O

HCO
3

+ OH

96

Cht va c kh nng nhng proton va c kh nng nhn proton l cht lng
tnh. (Ngoi nhng cht lng tnh thng thng mt s ion cng th hin tnh lng
tnh trong dung dch nh : H
2
O ; HSO
3

; HCO
3

; HS

; H
2
PO
3

,...).
V d : HCO
3

+ H
+
H
2
O + CO
2
(HCO
3

ng vai tr baz)
HCO
3

+ OH

CO
2
3

+ H
2
O (HCO
3

ng vai tr axit )
- Hng s phn li axit v baz
S phn li ca axit v baz yu trong nc l cc qu trnh thun nghch :
HNO
2

H
+
+ NO
2

K
a
=
| |
2
2
H . NO
HNO
+
( (


NH
3
+ H
2
O

NH
4
+
+ OH

4
b
3
NH . OH
K
NH
+
( (

=
Gi tr K
a
, K
b
cng nh, lc axit hoc baz tng ng cng nh.
Mi lin h gia hng s phn li axit baz ca cp axitbaz lin hp :
CH
3
COOH

H
+
+ CH
3
COO

+
( (

=
(

-
3
a
3
CH COO H
K
CH COOH

H
2
O + CH
3
COO

CH
3
COOH + OH

| |
3
b
3
CH COOH . OH
K
CH COO

(

=
(


K
b
= K
a
1
. K
H
2
O
y K
H
2
O
= [H
+
]. [OH

] (K
H
2
O
l tch s ion ca nc)
Lu : Vi cht in li yu nh CH
3
COOH c nng ban u l C (mol/l)
CH
3
COOH

CH
3
COO

+ H
+
K
cb

Nng ban u : C
Nng cn bng : C(1 o) oC oC
| | ( )
cb
A . B
C. C
K
AB 1 C
+
( (
o o

= =
o
. Nu o << 1 th o =
cb
K
C

3. Mui
Mui l hp cht, khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation kim loi (hoc cation NH
4
+
) v
anion gc axit.
NH
4
Cl NH
4
+
+ Cl

KNO
3
K
+
+ NO
3

Mui trung ho l mui khng c kh nng phn li ra ion H
+
(proton).
97

V d : NaCl, NH
4
NO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
HPO
3
, Na
2
HBO
3.
.....
Mui axit l mui c kh nng phn li ra ion H
+
.
V d : NaHCO
3
, NaH
2
PO
4
, NaHSO
4
, ...
Ngoi ra cn c mt s mui phc tp, nh
+ mui kp, nh : NaCl.KCl ; KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O, ;
+ phc cht, nh : [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]Cl, [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
;
+ mui baz, nh : Mg(OH)Cl ; Fe(OH)Cl
2
...
4. Khi nim v pH, cht ch th axit baz
nh gi axit baz ca dung dch, ngoi biu din bng nng [H
+
], ta
cn c th biu din di dng pH theo quy c :
pH = lg[H
+
] hay [H
+
] = 10
pH
.
S in li ca nc
H
2
O

H
+
+ OH

hay H
2
O + H
2
O

H
3
O
+
+ OH

K
H
2
O
= [H
+
]. [OH

] = [H
3
O
+
]. [OH

]= 10
-14
Mi trng trung tnh : [H
+
] = [OH

] = 10
7
mol/l pH = 7.
Mi trng axit : [H
+
] > 10
7
mol/l >[OH

] pH < 7.
Mi trng baz : [H
+
] < 10
7
mol/l <[OH

] pH > 7
Cht ch th axit baz l cht c mu bin i ph thuc vo gi tr pH ca dung
dch.
5. Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li
Phn ng to thnh cht kt ta
V d : BaCl
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ + 2NaCl
Ba
2+
+ SO
2
4

BaSO
4
+
Phn ng to thnh cht in li yu
V d : HCl + KOH H
2
O + KCl
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O
Phn ng to thnh cht kh
V d : 2HCl + Na
2
CO
3
H
2
O + 2NaCl + CO
2
|
2H
+
+ CO
2
3

H
2
O + CO
2
|
6. Phn ng thy phn ca mui
Khi ho tan trong nc, mui phn li ra cc cation v anion.
Nu cation v anion l ca cc baz yu v axit yu th chng s b thu phn :
98

R
n+
.H
2
O + H
2
O

ROH
(n1)+

+ H
3
O
+

A
m
+ H
2
O

HA
(m1)
+ OH

Nn :
Dung dch ca mui to bi cation kim loi c baz tan v anion l gc ca axit mnh
c mi trng trung tnh.
Dung dch ca mui to bi cation kim loi c baz tan v anion l gc ca axit yu
c mi trng baz.
Dung dch ca mui to bi cation kim loi c baz khng tan hoc NH
+
4
v anion l
gc ca axit mnh c mi trng axit.











99

Chng 6: PHI KIM
1. Nhm halogen
- Nhm VIIA gm: flo, clo, brom, iot, atatin (
9
F ;
17
Cl ;
35
Br ;
53
I ;
85
At).
(Trong , atatin l nguyn t phng x)
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng : ns
2
np
5

- Dng n cht : X
2
a) Tnh cht vt l
Tnh cht vt l bin i theo quy lut (nhit nng chy, nhit si

tng dn, mu
sc cc halogen m dn (flo: kh mu lc nht, clo: kh mu vng lc, brom: lng
mu nu , iot: rn, mu en tm).
b) iu ch
Trong phng th nghim (iu ch Cl
2
, Br
2
, I
2
)
Cht oxi ho mnh (MnO
2
, PbO
2
, KClO
3
, KMnO
4
, K
2
Cr
2
O
7
,...) + dd HX c
MnO
2
+ 4HX MnX
2
+ X
2
+ 2H
2
O
2KMnO
4
+ 16HX 2KX + 2 MnX
2
+ 5X
2
+ 8H
2
O
Trong cng nghip
- Flo : in phn hn hp lng gm KF v HF.
2HF
pnc
H
2
+ F
2
- Clo : in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr c mng ngn.
2NaCl + 2H
2
O

p
2NaOH + H
2
+ Cl
2.

- Brom : sau khi tch ly NaCl t nc bin phn cn li cha NaBr
Cl
2
+ 2NaBr 2 NaCl + Br
2

- Iot : ly rong bin kh em t ly tro, ha tan tro vo nc c dung dch NaI.
Cl
2
+ 2NaI 2NaCl + I
2

c) Tnh cht ho hc
- u c tnh oxi ho mnh: X
2
+ 2e 2X
-
- T flo n iot: Tnh cht oxi ho gim dn, tnh kh tng dn.
n cht Flo (F
2
) Clo (Cl
2
) Brom (Br
2
) Iot (I
2
)
Tc dng
vi kim loi
Tc dng vi tt c kim
loi k c Au, phn ng
to nhit mnh
2Na + F
2
2NaF
Tc dng hu ht cc vi
kim loi, phn ng to
nhiu nhit
2Na + Cl
2
2NaCl
Tc dng hu ht vi cc
kim loi, to nhit t hn
clo
2Na + Br
2
2 NaBr
Tc dng vi nhiu kim
loi nhit cao (c
xc tc)
2Na + I
2

o
t
2NaI

2Al + 3I
2

o
t
2AlI
3

Tc dng
vi H
2
v
mt s phi
kim
N mnh - 252
0
C trong
bng ti, phn ng to
nhit
H
2
+ F
2
2HF
N, phn ng to nhit
H
2
+ Cl
2


0
( ) as t
2HCl

Khng n to nhit t
hn clo
H
2
+ Br
2

0
t
2HBr

- P/ thun nghch
- P/ thu nhit
H
2
+ I
2
0
t cao

2HI

100

Tc dng
vi H
2
O
2F
2
+2H
2
O 4HF+O
2

2F
2
+2H
2
O
nng
chy
Cl
2
+ H
2
O

HCl +HClO
km hn clo
Br
2
+H
2
O

HBr + HBrO
t tan trong nc, phn
ng rt yu
I
2
+ H
2
O

HI +HIO
Tc dng
vi dung
dch kim
Tc dng vi kim
long, t
0
thp
4F
2
+2NaOH
2NaF + H
2
O + OF
2

Cl
2
+ 2NaOH
NaCl

+

NaClO

+

H
2
O
3Cl
2
+ 6NaOH
o
t

5NaCl

+

NaClO
3
+

3H
2
O
3Br
2
+ 6NaOH
5NaBr+NaBrO
3
+3H
2
O
Kh hn nhiu so vi
brom
Tc dng
vi mui
halogen
Tc dng vi mui nng
chy
F
2
+ 2NaCl2NaF + Cl
2

Tc dng vi dung dch
mui
Cl
2
+2NaBr
2NaCl + Br
2

Cl
2
+ 2FeCl
2
2FeCl
3

Tc dng vi dung dch
mui
Br
2
+ 2NaI 2NaBr + I
2

Khng phn ng
Mt s p/
th hin tnh
kh
Khng Khng Br
2
+ 5Cl
2
+ 6H
2
O
2HBrO
3
+ 10HCl
I
2
+ 2HClO
3

2HIO
3
+ Cl
2
Lu : Clo, brom, iot khng phn ng trc tip vi oxi, nit, cacbon.
d) Hiro halogenua v axit halogen hiric (HX: HF, HCl, HBr, HI)
Tnh cht
- Tnh axit : cc dung dch HX c y tnh cht ca axit, tnh axit tng t HF HI.
- Tnh kh : tnh kh tng t HF HI
4HCl + MnO
2

o
t
MnCl
2
+ 2H
2
O + Cl
2

2HBr + H
2
SO
4 c
Br
2
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
8HI + H
2
SO
4c
4I
2
+ H
2
S + 4H
2
O
- HF n mn thu tinh do :
4HF + SiO
2
SiF
4
+ 2H
2
O
iu ch
- iu ch HF : CaF
2
+ H
2
SO
4c
CaSO
4
+ 2HF
- iu ch HCl :
Cch 1: Phng php sunfat
NaCl
rn
+ H
2
SO
4c

0
250 C <
NaHSO
4
+ HCl
2NaCl
rn
+ H
2
SO
4c

> C 400
0
Na
2
SO
4
+ 2HCl
Cch 2: Phng php tng hp
H
2
+ Cl
2

as
2HCl
- iu ch HBr v HI
PBr
3
+ 3H
2
O H
3
PO
3
+ 3HBr
PI
3
+ 3H
2
O H
3
IO
3
+ 3HI
Nhn bit ion X
-

Dng dung dch AgNO
3
lm thuc th nhn bit ion X
-
(Cl
-
, Br
-
, I
-
) X v:
HX + AgNO
3
AgX + + HNO
3

AgF: tan; AgCl: mu trng; AgBr: mu vng nht; AgI : mu vng
101

e) Hp cht cha oxi ca halogen
Hp cht vi oxi
Trong hp cht vi oxi, flo c s oxi ho m (OF
2
), cn cc halogen khc c s oxi
ho dng (+1, +3, +5, +7).
Cc axit cha oxi ca clo : HClO; HClO
2
; HClO
3
; HClO
4
- T HClO n HClO
4
: bn tng dn, tnh axit tng dn; tnh oxi ho gim dn.
- Cc mui tng ng d b nhit phn
4KClO
3
o
t
3KClO
4
+ KCl
2KClO
3

2
0
MnO
t
2KCl + 3O
2

Mt s hp cht c ng dng quan trng do c tnh oxi ho mnh
- Nc Gia-ven (NaCl, NaClO, H
2
O)
- Clorua vi (CaOCl
2
)
- Kali clorat (KClO
3
)
2. Nhm oxi
- V tr : nhm VIA gm oxi (O), lu hunh (S), selen (Se), telu (Te), poloni (Po l
nguyn t phng x).
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng : ns
2
np
4

- n cht : O
2
(kh khng mu), S (rn, mu vng), Se (cht bn dn, rn, mu nu
), Te (cht rn, mu xm).
- Cc nguyn t nhm oxi c tnh oxi ho nhng yu hn so vi halogen cng chu k.
- T O n Po : tnh phi kim gim, tnh kim loi tng dn O, S l phi kim.
a) Oxi (O
2
) c tnh oxi ho mnh
- Tc dng mnh vi nhiu n cht nh cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt), H
2
, nhiu phi kim
(tr halogen)
2Na + O
2
2Na
2
O
2Cu + O
2

o
t
2CuO

2H
2
+ O
2
o
t
2H
2
O
C + O
2
o
t

2
CO

- Tc dng vi nhiu hp cht
C
2
H
5
OH + 3O
2

o
t
2CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
2H
2
S + 3O
2

o
t
2SO
2
+ 2H
2
O

b) Ozon (O
3
) c tnh oxi ho rt mnh (mnh hn O
2
)
- Tc dng hu ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt) k c bc :
2Ag + O
3
Ag
2
O

+ O
2
- Oxi ho c ion I
-
trong dung dch
2KI + O
3
+ H
2
O

I
2
+ 2KOH + O
2

c) Lu hunh (S) va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh
- Tnh oxi ho : Tc dng vi H
2
v nhiu kim loi nhit

cao.
102

H
2
+ S

H
2
S AH = -20,08 kJ
2Al + 3S

o
t cao
Al
2
S
3

Cu + S
o
t cao
CuS
Hg + S HgS
- Tnh kh : Tc dng vi nhiu phi kim (tr N
2
, I
2
), nhiu cht oxi ho mnh.
S + O
2

o
t

2
SO
+
o
t
2 6
S 3F SF
2KClO
3
+ 3S
o
t
3SO
2
+ 2KCl
2KNO
3
+ S
o
t
SO
2
+ 2KNO
2
6HNO
3

(c)
+ S
o
t
+ +
2 4 2 2
H SO 2H O 6NO
2H
2
SO
4 (c)
+ S
o
t
+
2 2
3SO 2H O
d) Hp cht v tnh cht cc hp cht
Hiro peoxit (H
2
O
2
)
* Tnh cht vt l: l cht lng khng mu.
* Tnh cht ho hc:
- H
2
O
2
khng bn :
2H
2
O
2

2
0
MnO
t
2H
2
O + O
2
- H
2
O
2
va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh.
+ Tnh oxi ho :
+ +
2 2 2 2 3
H O KNO H O KNO
+ +
2 2 4 2
4H O PbS PbSO 4H O
+ +
2 2 2
H O 2KI I 2KOH
+ Tnh kh :
Ag
2
O + H
2
O
2
2Ag + H
2
O + O
2

5H
2
O
2
+ 2 + + + +
4 2 4 4 2 2 4 2
KMnO 3H SO 2MnSO 5O K SO 8H O
H
2
O
2
+ O
3
H
2
O + 2O
2

Hiro sunfua v axit sunfuhiric (H
2
S)
* Tnh cht vt l: l cht kh khng mu, mi trng thi, rt c, tan trong nc to
thnh dung dch axit sunfuhiric (H
2
S).
* Tnh cht ho hc:
- Tnh kh mnh :
2H
2
S + O
2
2H
2
O + 2S
2H
2
S + 3O
2

o
t
2H
2
O + 2SO
2

H
2
S + 4Cl
2
+ 4H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ 8HCl
103

2H
2
S + 4Ag + O
2
2Ag
2
S + 2H
2
O
H
2
S + 2FeCl
3
2FeCl
2
+ 2HCl + S
- Tnh axit yu ca dung dch H
2
S (yu hn H
2
CO
3
)
H
2
S + NaOH NaHS + H
2
O
H
2
S + 2NaOH Na
2
S + 2 H
2
O
- Nhn bit ion S
2-
bng dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
to PbS mu en khng tan trong axit
long.
Lu hunh ioxit (SO
2
)
* Tnh cht vt l: l cht kh khng mu, mi hc, c, tan trong nc to thnh
dung dch axit sunfur (H
2
SO
3
).
* Tnh cht ho hc:
- Tnh oxit axit : SO
2
+ H
2
O

H
2
SO
3
(axit yu, nhng mnh hn axit H
2
S)
- Tc dng vi oxit baz, dung dch kim to 2 loi mui nh : NaHSO
3
, Na
2
SO
3

- Tnh kh (km H
2
, HI, H
2
S)
2SO
2
+ O
2

0
2 5
t ,V O

3
2SO
+ + +
2 2 2 2 4
SO Br 2H O 2HBr H SO
SO
2
+ NO
2
SO
3
+ NO
5SO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 2H
2
O + +
2 4 4 2 4
K SO 2MnSO 2H SO
- Tnh oxi ho
SO
2
+ 2H
2
S 3S + 2H
2
O
+ +
o
t
2
SO 2Mg S 2MgO
- iu ch, sn xut :
Trong phng th nghim :
Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
SO
4

o
t
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + SO
2
|
Trong cng nghip : S + O
2

o
t
SO
2

4FeS
2
+ 11O
2

o
t
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2
|
Axit sunfuric (H
2
SO
4
)
- H
2
SO
4
long l mt axit mnh c y tnh cht ca mt axit.
- H
2
SO
4
c c tnh oxi ho mnh, rt ho nc.
+ Tc dng vi hu ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt)
2R + 2nH
2
SO
4 c
o
t
R
2
(SO
4
)
n
+ 2nH
2
O + nSO
2

(n l ho tr cao ca kim loi R)
Cc kim loi mnh c th kh
+6
S

trong H
2
SO
4
c xung cc mc oxi ho thp hn
nh
+4
S (SO
2
),
0
S ,
-2
S (H
2
S)
V d : 2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4 c

o
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6H
2
O + 3SO
2

Cu + 2H
2
SO
4 c

o
t
CuSO
4
+ 2H
2
O + SO
2
104

3Mg + 4H
2
SO
4 c
3MgSO
4
+ 4H
2
O + S
Ch : Fe, Al, Cr, Ni th ng trong H
2
SO
4
c, ngui.
+ Tc dng vi nhiu phi kim (C, S, P,)
C + 2H
2
SO
4

c

o
t
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O + 2SO
2

S + 2H
2
SO
4

c

o
t
3SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
2P + 5H
2
SO
4

c

o
t
2H
3
PO
4
+ 2H
2
O + 5SO
2

+ Tc dng vi nhiu hp cht
H
2
SO
4

c
+ 8HI 4I
2
+ 4H
2
O + H
2
S
H
2
SO
4 c
+ 2HBr
o
t
SO
2
+ 2H
2
O + Br
2

2Fe
3
O
4
+ 10H
2
SO
4 c
3Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 10H
2
O + SO
2

Trong cc phn ng trn,
+6
S nhn electron, l cht oxi ho nn sn phm khng to
thnh kh H
2
m to thnh cc sn phm ng vi cc s oxi ho thp ca S nh SO
2
;
H
2
S ; S.
+ Tnh ho nc : H
2
SO
4
c chim nc ca nhiu cht v c v hu c
C
12
(H
2
O)
11

2 4
H SO c
12C + 11H
2
O
* S iu ch H
2
SO
4

FeS
2
SO
2
SO
3
H
2
SO
4
. nSO
3
(oleum) H
2
SO
4

* Nhn bit anion SO
2
4

bng dung dch cha Ba

2+
(Ba(OH)
2
; BaCl
2
; Ba(NO
3
)
2
; ...)
do to BaSO
4
kt ta trng khng tan trong axit.
e) iu ch - sn xut
Oxi
- Trong PTN : Nhit phn cc cht giu oxi, km bn vi nhit
2KClO
3
+
2
o
MnO
2
t
2KCl 3O
2KMnO
4
o
t
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2

2NaNO
3

o
t
2NaNO
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O
2
+
2
o
MnO
2 2
t
2H O O
- Trong CN : Chng ct phn on khng kh lng.
Ozon
Trong t nhin, ozon hnh thnh do tc dng ca tia cc tm:
3O
2
2O
3

Lu hunh
- Khai thc t cc m lu hunh t nhin
- T H
2
S, t SO
2
: SO
2
+ 2H
2
S 3S + 2H
2
O
105

3. Nhm nit
- Nhm VA gm nit, photpho, asen, antimon, bimut (N, P, As, Sb, Bi).
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng : ns
2
np
3

- S oxi ho thp nht l -3, cao nht l +5
- Dng n cht : N
2
, P, As, Sb, Bi.
- Cc nguyn t nhm VA va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh.
- Tnh oxi ho yu hn so vi nguyn t VIIA, nhm VIA cng chu k.
- T N n Bi :
Tnh phi kim gim, tnh oxi ho gim dn ch c N v P l cc phi kim.
Tnh kim loi tng dn, tnh kh tng dn.
a) Nit (N
2
)
* Cu to : phn t c lin kt ba (NN) bn vng.
* Tnh cht ho hc : l cht bn iu kin thng, hot ng hn nhit cao v
c cht xc tc.
- Va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh.
+ Tnh oxi ho :
Tc dng vi H
2
v mt s kim loi Ca, Mg, Al nhit cao
3Mg + N
2

o
t
Mg
3
N
2

3H
2
+ N
2

o
t ,xt,p

2NH
3
AH = -92 kJ
+ Tnh kh : tc dng vi oxi
N
2
+ O
2
o
t

2NO
(NO l cht kh khng mu, ho nu ngoi khng kh do d phn ng vi O
2
ngay
iu kin thng to ra NO
2
l cht kh mu nu :
2NO + O
2
2NO
2
)
* iu ch, sn xut nit :
- Trong cng nghip : chng ct phn on khng kh ho lng.
- Trong phng th nghim :
NH
4
NO
2

o
t
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
b) Photpho
* P c cu to phc tp gm 2 dng th hnh ph bin l photpho trng v photpho
.
* Tnh cht ho hc : va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh.
- Tnh oxi ho : tc dng vi mt s kim loi
2P + 3Ca
o
t
Ca
3
P
2
- Tnh kh : tc dng vi mt s phi kim nh oxi; halogen, nhiu cht oxi ho mnh
(HNO
3
; KClO
3
...)
4P + 5O
2

o
t
2P
2
O
5
106

2P + 5Cl
2

o
t
2PCl
5

* iu ch : Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3SiO
2
+ 5C
o
t
3CaSiO
3
+ 5CO + 2P
c) Hp cht ca nit v photpho
Amoniac : NH
3

* Tnh cht vt l: l cht kh khng mu, mi khai, nh hn khng kh, tan nhiu
trong H
2
O to thnh dung dch amoniac.
* Tnh cht ho hc :
- Tnh baz yu :
+ Dung dch nc amoniac c tnh baz yu, lm i mu cht ch th, do :
NH
3
+ H
2
O

NH
4
+
+ OH
-
K
b
= 1,8. 10
-5
+ Tc dng vi axit to mui, vi nhiu dung dch mui to hiroxit kt ta
NH
3(k)
+ HCl
(k)
NH
4
Cl
(khi trng)

2NH
3
+ H
2
SO
4
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
AlCl
3
+ 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ 3NH
4
Cl
- Kh nng to phc : dung dch NH
3
c kh nng ho tan hiroxit, mui t tan ca
mt s kim loi to thnh dung dch phc cht :
Cu(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
[ Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
+ 2OH
-

(phc ng-amoniac c mu xanh thm)
AgCl + 2NH
3
[ Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
+ Cl
-

(phc bc-amoniac khng mu)
- Tnh kh : NH
3
kh nhiu phi kim, hp cht
2NH
3
+ O
2

o
t
N
2
+ 3H
2
O
4NH
3
+ 5O
2

o
xt,t
4NO + 6H
2
O
2NH
3
+ Cl
2

o
t
N
2
+ 6HCl
2NH
3
+ 3CuO
o
t
N
2
+ 3Cu + 3H
2
O
* iu ch, sn xut NH
3
:
- Trong phng th nghim: cho mui amoni tc dng vi kim
2NH
4
Cl + Ca(OH)
2
2NH
3
+ CaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Trong cng nghip: tng hp t N
2
v H
2

N
2
+ 3H
2

o
t ,xt,p

2NH
3
* Mui amoni : cc mui amoni u in li mnh khi tan trong nc.
- Dung dch mui amoni tham gia phn ng trao i ion vi cc cht in li khc.
107

- Cc mui amoni km bn nhit, d b nhit phn :
NH
4
NO
2

o
t
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
NH
4
NO
3

o
t
N
2
O + 2H
2
O
NH
4
Cl
o
t
NH
3
+ HCl
Axit nitric : HNO
3
* Tnh cht vt l : cht lng khng mu, tan v hn trong nc, dung dch m c nht
c nng 68%, thng thng dung dch HNO
3
c c mu vng (do phn hu ra
NO
2
), dung dch HNO
3
c bc khi trong khng kh m.
* Tnh cht ho hc :
- L mt axit mnh c y tnh cht ca mt axit.
- C tnh oxi ho mnh :
+ Tc dng vi hu ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt), sn phm to thnh ph thuc vo
nng axit v mnh ca kim loi.
R + 2nHNO
3 c
o
t
R(NO
3
)
n
+ nH
2
O + nNO
2

(n l ho tr cao ca kim loi R)
V d : Fe + 6HNO
3 c

o
t
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O + 3NO
2

4Zn + 10HNO
3 long
4Zn(NO
3
)
2
+ 5H
2
O + N
2
O
5Mg + 12HNO
3 long
5Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ 4H
2
O + NH
4
NO
3
Ch : Fe, Al, Cr, Ni th ng trong HNO
3
c ngui.
+ Tc dng vi nhiu phi kim (C, S, P) v oxi ho chng ln mc oxi ho cao nht.
C + 4HNO
3 c
o
t
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O + 4NO
2
+ Tc dng vi nhiu hp cht :
Fe
3
O
4
+ 10HNO
3

long
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 5H
2
O + NO
FeS
2
+ 18HNO
3

c
o
t
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 2H
2
SO
4
+ 7H
2
O + 15NO
2
HI + 2HNO
3
HIO
3
+ 2NO + 2H
2
O
Trong cc phn ng trn,
+5
N nhn electron, l cht oxi ho nn sn phm khng to
thnh kh H
2
m to thnh cc sn phm ng vi cc s oxi ho thp ca N nh NO
2
;
N
2
; NO ; N
2
O

;

NH
4
NO
3
* iu ch :
- T mui nitrat :
2KNO
3
+ H
2
SO
4

c

o
t
K
2
SO
4
+ 2HNO
3
(chng ct HNO
3
)
- T NH
3
:
NH
3
NO NO
2
HNO
3

108

* Mui nitrat :
- Cc mui nitrat R(NO
3
)
n
d b nhit phn hu :
R (Na, K, Ca, Ba) : 2R(NO
3
)
n
o
t
2R(NO
2
)
n
+ nO
2

R (Mg.......Cu) : 4R(NO
3
)
n
o
t
2R
2
O
n
+ nO
2
+ 4nNO
2

R (Ag, Hg...) : 2R(NO
3
)
n
o
t
2R + nO
2
+ 2nNO
2

- Nhn bit ion NO
3

: un nng dung dch cha NO

3

vi Cu v H
2
SO
4
long. Nu
thy c kh khng mu thot ra v ho nu ngoi khng kh th cht ban u c NO
3

,
v :
2NO
3

+ 8H
+
+3Cu 3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
2NO + O
2
2NO
2
(nu )
Axit photphoric : H
3
PO
4

* Tnh cht ho hc :
- L mt axit ba nc c mnh trung bnh.
- Khng c tnh oxi ho mnh nh HNO
3
- Khng bn vi nhit :
H
3
PO
4

o
2
t , H O
H
4
P
2
O
7

o
2
t , H O
HPO
3
* Nhn bit ion PO
3
4

: thuc th l dung dch AgNO
3

3Ag
+
+ PO
3
4

Ag
3
PO
4
+ vng
Phn bn ho hc
- Phn m : NH
4
Cl ; NH
4
NO
3
; (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
; Ca(NO
3
)
2
; NaNO
3
; (NH
2
)
2
CO
- Phn ln : Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
(phn ln nung chy), Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
.CaSO
4
(supe photphat n),
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
(supe photphat kp), (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
v NH
4
H
2
PO
4
(amophot).
- Phn kali : K
2
CO
3
; KCl ; K
2
SO
4

Ngoi ra cn c mt s loi khc nh phn phc hp N-P-K ; phn vi lng,...
4. Nhm cacbon
- Nhm IVA gm cacbon (C), silic (Si), gemani (Ge), thic (Sn), ch (Pb).
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng : ns
2
np
2

- Dng n cht : C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb

- T C ti Pb :
+ Nng lng ion ho gim dn
+ Tnh phi kim gim, tnh kim loi tng C, Si l cc phi kim, Ge l phi kim, Sn v
Pb hon ton l cc kim loi.
a) Cacbon (C)
* Cacbon n cht :
- Cc dng th hnh ph bin : kim cng, than ch, fuleren, than v nh hnh,...
109

- Tnh cht ho hc :
+ Tnh kh : tc dng mnh vi O
2
v cht oxi ho mnh (HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c,
KClO
3
).
C + O
2

o
t
CO
2
C + CO
2

o
t
2CO

C + 4HNO
3

o
t
CO
2
+ 4NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
+ Tnh oxi ho : tc dng vi H
2
, mt s kim loi nhit cao
C + 2H
2

o
t , xt
CH
4
4Al + 3C
o
t
Al
4
C
3
* Hp cht ca cacbon :
- Cacbon monooxit (CO) l oxit trung tnh c tnh kh mnh (kh O
2
, Cl
2
, oxit kim
loi) ; c iu ch trong cng nghip bng cch cho hi nc qua than nung ,
trong PTN :
HCOOH
o
t ,xt
CO + H
2
O
- Cacbon oxit (CO
2
) l oxit axit. Trong PTN c iu ch t CaCO
3
tc dng vi
dung dch HCl, trong CN c thu hi t cc qu trnh sn xut sinh ra CO
2
.
- Axit cacbonic H
2
CO
3
l axit rt yu, to 2 loi mui : cacbonat (CO
2
3

) v
hirocacbonat (
-
3
HCO ). V d : Na
2
CO
3
, NaHCO
3

- Mui cacbonat quan trng : CaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
, NaHCO
3
.
b) Silic (Si)
* Silic c mt s dng th hnh : silic tinh th, silic v nh hnh.
* Tnh cht ho hc :
- Tnh kh : tc dng vi F
2
, O
2
v hp cht nh dung dch kim
Si + 2F
2

o
t
SiF
4
Si + O
2

o
t
SiO
2
Si + 2NaOH + H
2
O
o
t
Na
2
SiO
3
+ 2H
2
- Tnh oxi ho: tc dng vi kim loi to mui silixua
2Mg + Si
o
t
Mg
2
Si
* iu ch, sn xut:
- Trong PTN : SiO
2
+ 2Mg
o
t
Si + 2MgO
- Trong CN : SiO
2
+ 2C
o
t
Si + 2CO
* Hp cht ca Si :
H
2
SiO
3
(axit silixic) l axit yu hn H
2
CO
3
.
Mui silicat c nhiu ng dng ch yu nh thu tinh thng (hn hp mui natri
silicat, canxi silicat v silic oxit : Na
2
O.CaO.6SiO
2
), thu tinh thch anh, phal,
gm, xi mng.
110

Chng 7: I CNG V KIM LOI
1. c im cu to ca kim loi
- Lp electron ngoi cng ca kim loi thng t 1 n 3 electron, t hn cc phi kim
(5 n 7 electron).
- Trong mt chu k, in tch ht nhn, bn knh nguyn t kim loi ln hn cc phi
kim nn nng lng ion ho, m in ca kim loi nh hn cc phi kim.
- trng thi rn, cc kim loi tn ti trng thi tinh th c cu to kiu mng tinh
th.
- Mng tinh th kim loi gm : cc ion dng kim loi dao ng xung quanh v tr cn
bng cc nt mng, cc electron ho tr chuyn ng hn lon xung quanh cc nt
mng. Cc electron ny lin kt cc ion dng kim loi vi nhau, lin kt ho hc
trong mng tinh th kim loi l lin kt kim loi.
- C 3 dng tinh th kim loi chnh l lp phng tm din, lp phng tm khi v
lc phng.
2. Tnh cht vt l chung ca kin loi
Cc kim loi u c tnh do, dn in, dn nhit tt v c nh kim. Cc tnh cht ny
u gy ra bi cc electron t do trong kim loi.
3. Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi
Tnh cht ho
hc
Nguyn t kim loi c th ion ho nh, cc electron ho tr d tch ra khi
nguyn t nn kim loi lun c tnh kh:
R R
n+
+ ne

1. Tc dng
vi phi kim

- Tc dng vi oxi to oxit kim loi 2Al + 3O
2
2Al
2
O
3

- Tc dng vi cc phi kim khc to mui
2Fe + 3Cl
2

o
t
2FeCl
3
Zn + S
o
t
ZnS

2. Tc dng
vi axit

a) i vi dung dch HCl, H
2
SO
4
long
Kim loi hot ng (trc H) c kh nng kh ion H
+
trong dung dch HCl,
H
2
SO
4
long thnh H
2
Fe + H
2
SO
4

long
FeSO
4
+ H
2
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
Khi phn ng vi ion H
+
, kim loi a ho tr ch t ho tr thp
b) i vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, HNO
3

a s kim loi (tr Au, Pt) kh c
5
N
+
trong HNO
3
v
6
S
+
trong H
2
SO
4

c, kim loi a ha tr lun b oxi ho ln mc oxi ho cao.
- H
2
SO
4
c: 2R + 2nH
2
SO
4
c R
2
(SO
4
)
n
+ nSO
2
+ 2nH
2
O
R hot ng mnh cn c th cho S; H
2
S
- HNO
3
c: R + 2nHNO
3 c
R(NO
3
)
n
+ nNO
2
+ nH
2
O
- HNO
3
long: 3R + 4nHNO
3
3R(NO
3
)
n
+ nNO + 2nH
2
O
111

R hot ng mnh cn c th cho N
2
, N
2
O, NH
4
NO
3

c) Mt s kim loi nh Al, Fe, Ni, Cr th ng ho trong H
2
SO
4
c ngui,
HNO
3
c ngui

3. Tc dng
vi dung dch
mui


Kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion ca kim loi yu hn thnh kim
loi t do
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
Fe
0
+ Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu
0
Kim loi a ho tr khi phn ng vi dung dch mui t ho tr thp.

4. Tc dng
vi nc

- Nhng kim loi c tnh kh mnh (Na, K, CA...) kh c nc ngay
nhit thng
2R + 2nH
2
O 2R(OH)
n
+ nH
2

V th khi cc kim loi ny tc dng vi dung dch mui, ban u xy ra
phn ng ca kim loi vi H
2
O, hiroxit to thnh mi tc dng vi mui.
V d: Cho Na kim loi vo dung dch CuSO
4
, xy ra cc phn ng:
2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2
|
2NaOH + CuSO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ Cu(OH)
2
+
- Mt s kim loi c tnh kh yu hn cc kim loi trn nh Fe, Zn... kh
c H
2
O nhit cao thnh cc oxit
3Fe + 4H
2
O
o
t
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4H
2
- Kim loi c tnh kh yu nh Cu, Ag... khng kh c H
2
O k c nhit
cao

4. Th in cc chun ca kim loi - dy in ho ca kim
loi
a) Cp oxi ho - kh ca kim loi
R R
n+
+ ne
Dng kh Dng oxi ho
Dng oxi ho v dng kh ca cng mt nguyn t kim loi to nn mt cp oxi ho -
kh .
V d : Fe
2+
/Fe ; Mg
2+
/Mg.
b) Pin in ho
V d : Pin in ho Zn-Cu
- S pin in ho :
4
ZnSO
4
CuSO

112

- Cc qu trnh xy ra trn b mt cc in cc :
+) in cc Zn (cc m): xy ra qu trnh oxi ho Zn
Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e
Tan dn Di chuyn vo dung dch Di chuyn sang l ng
+) in cc Cu (cc dng): xy ra qu trnh kh Cu
2+

Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
Trong dung dch T Zn chuyn qua dy dn Bm trn l ng
- Phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra trong pin in ho :
Zn + Cu
2+
Zn
2+
+ Cu
Nhn xt :
- Electron c chuyn t l Zn ti l Cu qua dy dn sinh ra dng in mt chiu,
sut in ng ca pin c o bng vn k.
- Trong pin in ho Zn - Cu xy ra phn ng gia cc cp oxi ho-kh Zn
2+
/Zn v
Cu
2+
/Cu. Trong Zn kh mnh hn Cu kh Cu
2+
thnh kim loi, ion Cu
2+
oxi
ho mnh hn Zn
2+
oxi ho Zn thnh Zn
2+
. Nh vy chiu phn ng oxi ho-kh
xy ra trong pin in ho l :
Cht kh mnh + cht oxi ho mnh Cht kh yu hn + cht oxi ha yu hn
(Xem quy tc o )
b) Sut in ng ca pin in ho E
0
ph
(V)
Sut in ng chun ca pin in ho (E
0
ph
) bng th in cc chun ca cc dng
tr i th in cc chun ca cc m.
V d : Pin in ho Zn - Cu c in cc dng l Cu, in cc m l Zn.
0
/Cu Cu
2
E
+
= +0,34V ;
0
/Zn Z
2
E
+
n
= -0,76V
E
0
ph Zn-Cu
=
0
/Cu Cu
2
E
+
-
0
/Zn Z
2
E
+
n
= +0,34 - (-0,76) = +1,10 (V)
Sut in ng ca pin in ho lun l s dng.
c) Dy th in ho ca kim loi
- Dy th in ho ca kim loi : Khi sp xp cc cp oxi ho-kh theo chiu tng
dn th in cc chun ca cc kim loi ta c dy th in cc chun (dy th in
ho ca kim loi). Theo cch sp xp th tnh kh ca kim loi s gim dn, tnh
oxi ho ca ion kim loi s tng dn.
- Chiu ca phn ng oxi ho-kh : Nu c
0
/ A A
n
E
+
<
0
/ B B
m
E
+
th phn ng oxi ho kh
s xy ra theo chiu (quy tc o ):
mA + nB
m+


mA
n+
+

nB
Cht kh mnh + cht oxi ho mnh cht kh yu + cht oxi ha yu
V d :
0
/Pb Pb
2
E
+
= - 0,13V ;
0
/Zn Zn
2
E
+
= - 0,76V
Phn ng ho hc xy ra theo chiu :
Zn + Pb
2+
Pb + Zn
2+
Ch : Khi kim loi phn ng ho hc vi cc dung dch cn c bit ch ti dy
th in ho xc nh ng cc phn ng oxi ho-kh xy rA.
113

- Kim loi c th in cc chun m tc dng vi dung dch HCl, H
2
SO
4
long v cc
axit tng t, bn cht l :
2R + 2nH
+
2R
n+
+ nH
2

- Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui : nu c ng thi nhiu cht kh hoc ng
thi c nhiu cht oxi ho (
0
/ A A
n
E
+
<
0
/ B B
m
E
+
<
0
/ C C
k
E
+
) th t ca phn ng oxi ho-
kh s l :
kA + nC
k+


kA
n+
+

nC
Cht kh mnh nht + cht oxi ho mnh nht cht kh yu + cht oxi ha yu
5. S in phn
a) in phn nng chy
V d : in phn NaCl nng chy.
- Phng trnh in phn : Khi nng chy, NaCl in li theo phng trnh
NaCl Na
+
+ Cl
-
- S in phn :
Catot (-) NaCl
nng chy
Anot (+)
Na
+
Cl
-

Na
+
+ 1e Na 2Cl
-
Cl
2
+ 2e
(s oxi ho) (s kh)
- Phng trnh in phn : 2NaCl 2Na + Cl
2

b) in phn dung dch
in phn vi in cc tr
V d: in phn dung dch CuSO
4

- Phng trnh in li : Khi tan trong nc, CuSO
4
in li theo phng trnh
CuSO
4
Cu
2+
+ SO
4
2-
- S in phn :
Catot (-) CuSO
4
Anot (+)
Cu
2+
, H
2
O

H
2
O

SO
4
2-
, H
2
O

Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu 2H
2
O

O
2
+ 4H
+
(s kh) (s oxi ho)
- Phng trnh in phn :
2CuSO
4
+ 2H
2
O 2Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
+ O
2
- Qu trnh oxi ho-kh trn b mt cc in cc:
+ Ti catot: xy ra s kh, cc qu trnh kh xy ra theo th t dy th in cc
chun. Cht, ion no c th in cc chun ln hn s b kh trc.
Cc ion kim loi kim, kim loi kim th, Mg
2+
, Al
3+
c th in cc nh hn (m
hn) th in cc ca cp oxi ho-kh H
2
O/H
2
(
0
/
2 2
H O H
E = -0,41V) nn khng b in
phn trong dung dch.
+ Ti anot : xy ra s oxi ho, cc qu trnh oxi ho xy ra theo th t. Cht, ion c
th in cc ln hn s oxi ho trc. Cc anion gc axit cha oxi nh
2
4
SO ,

3
NO ,
3
4
PO ... khng tham gia in phn m H
2
O

in phn.
in phn vi anot tan (dng cc tan)
114

Cc dng c lm bng kim loi cng cht vi ion kim loi trong mui.
V d : in phn dung dch CuSO
4
vi in cc dng bng Cu.
Ti anot (+) xy ra qu trnh oxi ho kim loi Cu :
Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e
Anot tan vo dung dch in phn chuyn ng ti cc m
Ti catot (-), xy ra s kh ion Cu
2+
:
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
Do thc cht ch l s chuyn kim loi Cu t anot sang catot. Trong thc t s
in phn dung dch vi anot tan c s dng ch yu vo vic tinh ch cc kim loi
(anot l kim loi cn tinh ch, catot l kim loi c tinh ch) v m kim loi
(catot l vt cn m, anot l kim loi dng m).
c) nh lut Faraay
Khi lng cc cht thu c in cc c tnh theo cng thc biu din nh lut
Faraay :
m =
96500n
AIt

m : Khi lng cht thu c in cc (g)
A : Khi lng mol phn t ca cht thu c in cc (g/mol)
n : S electron m nguyn t hoc ion cho hoc nhn
I : Cng dng in (A)
t : Thi gian in phn (s)
6. n mn kim loi v chng n mn kim loi
a) n mn ho hc
- Thng xy ra cc thit b thng xuyn tip xc vi hi nc, cht kh nh O
2
,
Cl
2
,... nhit cao.
V d : Thit b l t bng thp, Fe b n mn do tc dng vi hi nc, kh oxi
nhit cao:
3Fe + 4H
2
O
0
t
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4H
2
2Fe + 3Cl
2

0
t
2FeCl
3
- Bn cht ca s n mn ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho-kh, trong cc electron ca
kim loi c chuyn trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng.
b) n mn in ho hc
n mn in ho hc l s n mn kim loi do tc dng ca dung dch cht in li
v to ra dng in.
iu kin xy ra n mn in ho hc :
- Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht, kim loi c th in cc chun nh hn s
ng vai tr cc m v b n mn (kim loi nguyn cht kh b n mn).
- Cc in cc phi tip xc vi nhau.
- Cc in cc phi cng tip xc vi 1 dung dch cht in li.
C ch n mn :
- Ti in cc m (anot) : xy ra s oxi ho kim loi
115

R R
n+
+ ne
- Ti in cc dng (catot) : xy ra s kh
+ Mi trng n mn c tnh axit :
2H
+
+ 2e H
2
+ Mi trng n mn c tnh baz hoc trung tnh :
O
2
+ H
2
O + 4e 4OH
-
Chng n mn kim loi: c hai phng php ph bin l bo v b mt v bo v
in ho.
- Bo v b mt: dng cc ho cht bn vi mi trng cch li kim loi vi mi
trng.
- Bo v in ho: ni kim loi cn bo v vi mt kim loi hot ng hn (kim loi
hi sinh), khi xy ra qu trnh n mn in ho, kim loi hot ng hn s ng vai tr
in cc m v b n mn, kim loi cn bo v ng vai tr in cc dng v khng
b n mn.
7. Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch kim loi
a) Phng php nhit luyn
Kh cc ion kim loi trong oxit thnh kim loi nhit cao bng cht kh nh C,
CO, H
2
hoc Al.
3CO + Fe
2
O
3

o
t
3CO
2
+ 2Fe
H
2
+ CuO
o
t
H
2
O + Cu
Phng php ny dng iu ch kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh v yu.
b) Phng php thu luyn
Tch ly kim loi t mui tan trong dung dch, ph bin nht l dng kim loi c tnh
kh mnh hn kh ion kim loi yu hn trong dung dch mui.
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
Phng php ny p dng iu ch kim loi c th in cc chun cao, nh Cu,
Hg, Ag, Au,...
c) Phng php in phn
Dng dng in mt chiu kh cc ion kim loi trn catot. Bng phng php in
phn c th iu ch hu ht cc kim loi.
- in phn nng chy : dng iu ch cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh kim
loi nhm IA, IIA, nhm.
V d : iu ch Na bng cch in phn NaCl nng chy.

2
pnc
2NaCl 2Na Cl +
- in phn dung dch : dng iu ch kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh v yu.
V d : iu ch Zn bng cch in phn dung dch ZnSO
4

2ZnSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
dpdd
2Zn + O
2
+ 2H
2
SO
4

Phng php in phn thng dng iu ch kim loi c tinh khit cao.

116

Chng 8: KIM LOI KIM - KIM LOI KIM TH - NHM

I. KIM LOI KIM
1. Khi qut v kim loi kim trong bng tun hon
- Nhm IA gm : liti (Li), natri (Na), kali (K), rubii (Rb), xesi (Cs) v franxi (Fr).
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng : ns
1
.
- Nng lng ion ho : kim loi kim c nng lng ion ho nh nht so vi cc kim
loi khc. Theo chiu t Li n Cs nng lng ion ho gim dn. Ring Fr l mt
nguyn t phng x.
- S oxi ho : +1 trong mi hp cht.
2. Tnh cht vt l
Tinh th kim loi kim u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi, c c
im : lin kt kim loi yu, tinh th tng i rng nn cc kim loi kim c :
- Khi lng ring nh.
- Nhit nng chy thp (<200
o
C), nhit si thp.
- cng thp, c th dng dao ct d dng.
- dn in cao.
Tnh cht vt l bin i theo quy lut.
3. Tnh cht ho hc
- Cc kim loi kim c tnh kh mnh, tnh kh tng dn t Li n Cs.
- Phn ng vi phi kim :
+) Tc dng vi O
2
: Li cho ngn la mu son, Na cho ngn la mu vng, K cho
ngn la mu tm nht.
4R + O
2
2R
2
O
+) Tc dng mnh vi hu ht cc phi kim to mui.
- Phn ng vi nc : cc kim loi kim tc dng mnh vi nc nhit thng
2R + H
2
O 2ROH + H
2

- Tc dng vi axit : Cc kim loi kim phn ng mnh lit vi axit, cc dung dch
axit HCl long, HNO
3
hay H
2
SO
4
c,... phn ng gy n rt nguy him. Ch nn lm
th nghim vi axit HCl c, nng > 20%.
4. iu ch kim loi kim
Phng php : in phn mui halogenua hoc hiroxit nng chy.
V d : 2NaCl
pnc
2Na + Cl
2

4NaOH
pnc
4Na + 2H
2
O + O
2

5. Mt s hp cht quan trng
a) Hiroxit ca kim loi kim
L nhng baz mnh, c iu ch bng cch in phn dung dch mui clorua c
mng ngn.
V d : 2NaCl + 2H
2
O
pmn
H
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2NaOH
117

b) Cc mui
- NaHCO
3
: c tnh cht lng tnh, km bn vi nhit
2NaHCO
3

o
t
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
| + H
2
O
- Na
2
CO
3
(soa) : c tnh baz, bn vi nhit.
II. KIM LOI KIM TH
1. V tr trong bng tun hon
- Nhm IIA (kim loi kim th) gm : beri (Be), magie (Mg), canxi (Ca), strontri
(Sr), bari (Ba).
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng : ns
2
.
- Kim loi kim th c nng lng ion ho nh so vi cc kim loi khc, nhng ln
hn kim loi kim tng ng. Theo chiu t Be n Ba nng lng ion ho gim dn.
- S oxi ho : +2 trong mi hp cht.
2. Tnh cht vt l
Cc kim loi kim th c kiu mng tinh th khc nhau, lin kt kim loi ca chng
tng i yu nn :
- S bin i tnh cht vt l khng u n nh cc kim loi kim.
- Khi lng ring tng i nh, l nhng kim loi nh hn nhm (tr Ba).
- Nhit nng chy, nhit si, cng cao hn KLK nhng vn tng i thp.
3. Tnh cht ho hc
Tnh kh mnh : M M
2+
+ 2e
a) Tc dng vi phi kim
- Tc dng mnh vi oxi to oxit :
2M + O
2

o
t
2MO
- Tc dng vi phi kim khc to mui :
M + X
2

o
t
MX
2
(X
2
l cc halogen)
b) Tc dng vi nc
- Be khng tc dng vi nc, Mg ch tc dng vi nc nhit cao
Mg + H
2
O

o
t
MgO + H
2
- Cc kim loi Ca, Sr, Ba tc dng mnh lit vi nc nhit thng, do kh nng
tan ca cc hiroxit tng ng.
Ca + 2H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
c) Tc dng vi axit
- Tc dng mnh vi H
+
trong dung dch HCl, H
2
SO
4
long (
0
/M M
2
E
+
<< 0)
M + 2H
+
M
2+
+ H
2
- Tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c : kim loi kim th (ch yu l Mg) kh
mnh
5
N
+
(trong HNO
3
) v
6
S
+
(H
2
SO
4
c) to cc sn phm ng vi s oxi ho thp
hn : NH
4
NO
3
; N
2
; N
2
O v H
2
S ; S.
3Mg + 4H
2
SO
4
(c)
o
t
3MgSO
4
+ S + 4H
2
O
118

4. iu ch kim loi kim th
Phng php : in phn mui halogenua nng chy.
V d : MgCl
2

pmn
Mg + Cl
2

5. Mt s hp cht quan trng ca canxi
- Ca(OH)
2
, CaCO
3
, CaSO
4
.
- Nc cng : l loi nc c cha nhiu ion Ca
2+
v Mg
2+
. lm mm nc cng
phi chuyn cc ion ny vo cc cht khng tan (phng php kt ta) hoc thay th
chng bng cc ion khc (phng php trao i ion).
III. NHM
1. V tr, cu to nguyn t
- Nhm thuc nhm IIIA, chu k 3, STT 13.
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng : 3s
2
3p
1

- S oxi ho : +3
2. Tnh cht ho hc
Tnh kh kh mnh : Al Al
3+
+ 3e
a) Tc dng vi phi kim
- Tc dng vi nhiu phi kim nh oxi, lu hunh, halogen.
4Al + 3O
2

o
t
2Al
2
O
3
2Al + 3Cl
2

o
t
2AlCl
3
b) Tc dng vi axit
- Tc dng mnh vi H
+
trong dung dch HCl, H
2
SO
4
long (
0
/Al Al
3
E
+
= -1,66V)
2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2 |

2Al + 6H
+
2Al
3+
+ 3H
2
- Tc dng mnh vi dung dch HNO
3
long hay c nng, H
2
SO
4
c nng do Al
kh mnh
5
N
+
(trong HNO
3
) v
6
S
+
(trong H
2
SO
4
c) to cc sn phm ng vi s
oxi ho thp hn : NH
4
NO
3
; N
2
; N
2
O ; NO ; NO
2
v SO
2
, H
2
S, S.
2Al + 6H
2
SO
4
(c)
o
t
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
2Al + 12H
+
+ 3SO
2
4

o
t
2Al
3+
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Ch : Al th ng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c ngui, HNO
3
c ngui.
c) Tc dng vi oxit kim loi (phn ng nhit nhm)
Nhm kh c nhiu oxit kim loi thnh kim loi nhit cao trong iu kin
khng c khng kh.
2Al + Fe
2
O
3

o
t
Al
2
O
3
+ 2Fe
d) Tc dng vi nc
2Al + 6H
2
O 2Al(OH)
3
+ 3H
2 |

119

Phn ng ny ch xy ra trn b mt ca thanh nhm do Al(OH)
3
to thnh khng tan
ngn cn phn ng. Vt bng nhm khng phn ng vi H
2
O bt k nhit no
l do c lp Al
2
O
3
rt mng, mn, bn chc bo v. Thc t coi nhm khng tc dng
vi nc.
e) Tc dng vi dung dch kim
Nhm tan trong dung dch kim theo PTHH:
2Al + 2NaOH + 6H
2
O 2Na[Al(OH)
4
] + 3H
2 |
f) Tc dng vi dung dch mui
Do nhm c th in cc chun nh (
0
/Al Al
3
E
+
= -1,66V) nn kh c nhiu ion kim
loi c th in cc chun ln hn :
2Al + 3Cu
2+
2Al
3+
+ 3Cu
3. Hp cht quan trng ca nhm
a) Oxit nhm
- L hp cht rt bn vi nhit
- L oxit lng tnh :
+ Tc dng vi dung dch axit
Al
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
+ Tc dng vi dung dch baz mui aluminat
Al
2
O
3
+ 2NaOH + 3H
2
O 2Na[Al(OH)
4
]
- iu ch : 2Al(OH)
3

o
t
Al
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
b) Nhm hiroxit
- L hiroxit km bn vi nhit
- C tnh cht lng tnh :
+ Tc dng vi dung dch axit
Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
+ Tc dng vi dung dch baz mnh mui aluminat
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH Na[Al(OH)
4
]
- iu ch :
+ Dung dch mui Al
3+
(AlCl
3
, Al(NO
3
)
3
,...) tc dng vi dung dch baz
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
(va )
Al(OH)
3 +
+ Dung dch mui aluminat (Na[Al(OH)
4
], Ba[Al(OH)
4
]
2
...) tc dng vi axit
[Al(OH)
4
]
-
+ H
+
(va )
Al(OH)
3 +
+ H
2
O
c) Mui nhm
Mui nhm quan trng l phn chua K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
4. Sn xut nhm
- Nguyn liu: qung boxit Al
2
O
3
.nH
2
O. Qung boxit thng ln cc tp cht l
Fe
2
O
3
v SiO
2
, sau khi lm sch Fe
2
O
3
v SiO
2
c Al
2
O
3
khan.
- in phn nng chy Al
2
O
3
vi criolit (AlF
3
.3NaF hay Na
3
AlF
6
) trong bnh in
phn vi hai in cc bng than ch, thu c nhm :
2Al
2
O
3

pnc
4Al + 3O
2
120

Chng 9: MT S KIM LOI NHM B

I. CROM (Cr)
1. V tr, cu to
- V tr trong bng tun hon : S th t 24; chu k 4, nhm VIB.
- Cu hnh electron : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
- S oxi ho : +1 n +6.
2. Tnh cht
a) Tnh cht vt l
Crom l kim loi trng xm, nng (D = 7,2 g/cm
3
), rt cng, cng ch km kim
cng. Nhit nng chy ca crom l 1875
0
C v si 2570
0
C.
b) Tnh cht ha hc
Crom c tnh kh, tu theo cht oxi ho m Cr c th b oxi ho ln cc mc oxi ho
+2 hay +3.
- Tc dng vi phi kim :
4Cr + 3O
2

o
t
2Cr
2
O
3

2Cr + 3Cl
2

o
t
2CrCl
3

- Kim loi crom c mt lp oxit mng bn vng bo v, nn rt bn, khng phn ng
vi nc v khng kh.
- Tc dng vi axit :
+ Khi un nng khng c oxi, mng oxit tan, crom tc dng vi dung dch axit to ra
mui crom(II) :
Cr + 2HCl CrCl
2
+ H
2
+ Crom khng tc dng vi dung dch long, ngui ca axit HCl, H
2
SO
4
.
+ nhit thng, crom b HNO
3
c v H
2
SO
4
c lm th ng ha ging nh
nhm. nhit cao b oxi ho mnh to mui Cr
3+
.
2Cr + 6H
2
SO
4
(c)
o
t
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
3. Mt s hp cht ca crom
a) Hp cht crom(II) : CrO, Cr(OH)
2
, mui Cr
2+
- Oxit CrO l mt oxit baz, c tnh kh nn d b O
2
oxi ho thnh Cr
2
O
3

4CrO + 3O
2
2Cr
2
O
3
- Hiroxit Cr(OH)
2
l mt cht rn mu vng, khng tan trong nc, Cr(OH)
2
l mt
baz v c tnh kh. Khi un nng trong khng kh, b oxi ha thnh Cr(OH)
3

4Cr(OH)
2
+ 2H
2
O + O
2

o
t
4Cr(OH)
3

- Mui crom(II) c tnh kh mnh.
4CrCl
2
+ O
2
+ 4HCl 4CrCl
3
+ 2H
2
O
2CrCl
2
+ Cl
2
2CrCl
3

121

b) Hp cht crom(III) : Cr
2
O
3
, Cr(OH)
3
, mui Cr
3+
Cr
2
O
3

- L mt cht bt mu lc thm, kh nng chy v cng.
- C tnh cht lng tnh, tan trong dung dch axit mnh v kim c.
Cr
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
Cr
2
O
3
+ 2NaOH + 3H
2
O 2Na[Cr(OH)
4
]
Cr(OH)
3

- L mt cht kt ta keo, mu lc xm, khng tan trong nc.
- C tnh lng tnh nh Al(OH)
3
, tan trong dung dch axit v kim mnh.
Cr(OH)
3
+ 3HCl CrCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
Cr(OH)
3
+ NaOH Na[Cr(OH)
4
]
Mui crom(III)
- C tnh oxi ho trong mi trng axit
Zn + 2CrCl
3
ZnCl
2
+ 2CrCl
2

- C tnh kh trong mi trng kim
2CrBr
3
+ 3Br
2
+ 16NaOH 2Na
2
CrO
4
+ 12NaBr + 8H
2
O
2Cr
3+
+ 3Br
2
+ 16OH
-
2CrO
2
4

+ 6Br
-
+ 8H
2
O
c) Hp cht crom(VI) : CrO
3
, mui cromat (
+6
Cr )
CrO
3
:
- L cht rn c mu thm.
- Tnh cht ho hc :
+ CrO
3
l mt oxit axit, rt d tan trong nc to ra cc axit cromic (khi c nhiu
nc) v axit icromic (khi c t nc).
CrO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
CrO
4
(axit cromic)
2CrO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
Cr
2
O
7
(axit icromic)
Cc axit ny ch tn ti dng dung dch.
+ CrO
3
l mt cht oxi ho rt mnh, oxi ho c nhiu cht v c v hu c
2CrO
3
+ 2NH
3
Cr
2
O
3
+ N
2
+ 3H
2
O
- Mui cromat v icromat: cc mui bn hn nhiu so vi cc axit tng ng. Ion
CrO
2
4

mu vng, Cr
2
O
2
7

c mu da cam. Hai loi ion ny trong nc lun tn ti

cn bng :
Cr
2
O
2
7

+ H
2
O 2CrO
2
4

+ 2H
+
Mui cromat v icromat l nhng cht oxi ha mnh nht l trong mi trng axit,
+6
Cr b kh thnh
+3
Cr

K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ 6FeSO
4
+ 7H
2
SO
4
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 7H
2
O
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ 6KI + 7H
2
SO
4
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3I
2
+ 4K
2
SO
4
+ 7H
2
O
II. ST (Fe)
1. V tr, cu to
- S th t 26, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2
- S oxi ho : +2, +3.
t
0
122

2. Tnh cht
a) Tnh cht vt l
St l kim loi mu trng hi xm, nng (D = 7,9 g/cm
3
), nng chy 1539
0
C v si
2770
0
C. Do, d rn, c tnh nhim t.
b) Tnh cht ha hc
St l kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh. Tu theo cht oxi ho v iu kin phn ng,
st b oxi ho ti cc mc oxi ho +2 hoc +3.
- Tc dng vi phi kim :
3Fe + 2O
2

o
t
Fe
3
O
4

2Fe +3Cl
2

o
t
2FeCl
3
Fe + S
o
t
FeS
- Tc dng vi axit :
+ Vi dung dch HCl, H
2
SO
4
long : do
0
/Fe Fe
2
E
+
= - 0,44V <
0
/H 2H
2
E
+
nn Fe kh c
ion H
+

Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
+ Vi cc axit HNO
3
c nng v H
2
SO
4
c, nng : Fe kh mnh
+5
N(NO
3

),
+6
S (SO
2
4

) sinh ra mui Fe
3+

2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4

o
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
+ St b th ng ha trong HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c, ngui.
- Tc dng vi dung dch mui : Fe kh c cc ion kim loi trong dung dch mui
ca nhng cp oxi ho-kh c th in cc chun cao hn, nh Cu
2+
/Cu (+0,34V),...
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
(Fe + Cu
2+

Fe
2+
+ Cu)
- Tc dng vi nc : nhit cao st tc dng vi nc, phn ng ny gii thch
st v hp kim st b g khi tip xc vi hi nc nhit cao
Fe + H
2
O
o
570 C >
FeO + H
2

3Fe + 4H
2
O
o
570 C <
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4H
2

3. Hp cht ca st
a) Hp cht st(II) : FeO, Fe(OH)
2
, mui Fe
2+
- Tnh cht c trng l tnh kh :
3FeO + 10HNO
3
long 3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
4Fe(OH)
2 (trng xanh)
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O

4Fe(OH)
3

( nu)
2FeCl
2
+ Cl
2
2FeCl
3

6FeSO
4
+ K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+7H
2
SO
4

3Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+K
2
SO
4
+ 7H
2
O
- FeO, Fe(OH)
2
l cc cht c tnh baz.
b) Hp cht st(III) : Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(OH)
3
, mui Fe
3+
- Hp cht Fe
3+
c tnh oxi ha :
0
/Fe Fe
2 3
E
+ +
= 0,77V, cao hn th in cc chun ca
mt s cp oxi ho - kh nh Cu
2+
/Cu, I
2
/I
-
, S/ S
2-

nn c cc phn ng :
123

2FeCl
3
+ 2KI 2FeCl
2
+ I
2
+2KCl
2FeCl
3
+ Fe 3FeCl
2

2FeCl
3
+ Cu 2FeCl
2
+ CuCl
2
2FeCl
3
+ H
2
S 2FeCl
2
+ S +2HCl
- Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(OH)
3
l cc cht c tnh baz.
c) Cc loi qung st
Manhetit : Fe
3
O
4
; hematit : Fe
2
O
3
; hematit nu : Fe
2
O
3
.nH
2
O ; xierit : FeCO
3
;
pirit : FeS
2
.
4. Hp kim ca st
St to nhiu hp kim c nhiu ng dng quan trng trong c gang v thp. Gang
v thp (thp cacbon) u l cc hp kim ca st vi cacbon, trong gang hm lng
cacbon v mt s nguyn t khc cao hn trong thp.
Luyn gang :
- Nguyn tc :
Qung st (manhetit, hematit)
o
CO, t
Fe
3
O
4

o
CO, t
FeO
o
CO, t
Fe
- Nguyn liu : qung st + cht chy (CaCO
3
hoc SiO
2
) + than cc + O
2
(khng kh)
gang + x + kh l cao.
Luyn thp :
- Nguyn tc : Oxi ho tp cht trong gang thnh oxit bng O
2
khng kh.
- Nguyn liu :
Gang + cht chy (CaCO
3
hoc SiO
2
) + O
2
o
t
thp + x + kh.
III. NG
1. V tr, cu to
- S th t 29, chu k 4, nhm IB.
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1

- S oxi ha : +1, +2
2. Tnh cht
a) Tnh cht vt l
ng l kim loi mu , nng (D = 8,98g/cm
3
), nng chy 1083
0
C v si
2877
0
C. ng tinh khit tng i mm d dt mng, ko si, dn in, dn nhit rt
tt, ch thua bc.
b) Tnh cht ha hc
ng l kim loi km hot ng ha hc, c tnh kh yu.
- Tc dng vi cc phi kim:
Cu + Cl
2

o
t
CuCl
2
124

2Cu + O
2

o
t
2CuO
- Tc dng vi axit :
Cu + 2H
2
SO
4c

o
t
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Cu + 4HNO
c

o
t
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0
/Cu Cu
2
E
+
= +0,34V >
0
/H 2H
2
E
+
= 0,00V nn Cu khng kh c H
+
trong dung dch HCl
v H
2
SO
4
long, ch tc dng c khi c mt kh oxi :
2Cu + O
2
+ 4HCl 2CuCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
- Tc dng vi mt s dung dch mui : Cu kh c cc ion kim loi trong dung
dch mui ca nhng cp oxi ho-kh c th in cc chun cao hn nh Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
,
Ag
+
/Ag...
Cu + 2Fe
3+
Cu
2+
+ 2Fe
2+
3. Hp cht ca ng
- ng c cc s oxi ha +1 v +2, trong hp cht ng(II) bn hn.
- CuO l cht bt mu en, khng tan trong nc, l mt oxit baz v c tnh oxi ho
CuO + CO
o
t
Cu + CO
2

CuO

+ Cu
o
t
Cu
2
O
- Cu(OH)
2
l cht bt mu xanh, khng tan trong nc, l mt baz. Cu(OH)
2
tan d
dng trong dung dch NH
3
to thnh dung dch mu xanh thm gi l nc Svayde :
Cu(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
IV. BC - VNG - NIKEN - KM - THIC - CH
n
cht
V tr / Cu hnh e
S oxi ho/ E
o
(V)
Tnh cht
vt l
Tnh cht ho hc
47
Ag Chu k 5, nhm IB
Cu hnh e: [Kr]4d
10
5s
1

S oxi ho : +1, (+2)
E
0
/Ag Ag
+
= +0,80V
Mu trng,
dn in,
nhit tt nht
Tnh kh yu
T/d vi phi kim
2Ag + O
3
Ag
2
O

+ O
2
4Ag + 2H
2
S + O
2
2Ag
2
S +
2H
2
O)

T/d vi dung dch axit : b cc axit
HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c oxi ho
Ag + 2HNO
3
c AgNO
3
+ NO
2
+
H
2
O
79
Au
Chu k 6, nhm IB
Cu hnh e:
[Xe]4f
14
5d
10
6s
1

S oxi ho: +1, +3
E
0
/Au Au
+ 3
= +1,50V
Mm, mu
vng, do,
dn in,
nhit tt.
Tnh kh rt yu
T/d vi dung dch axit : rt bn vng,
ch b nc cng toan
(HNO
3
:HCl=1:3) oxi ho
Au + HNO
3
+ 3HCl AuCl
3
+ NO +
125

n
cht
V tr / Cu hnh e
S oxi ho/ E
o
(V)
Tnh cht
vt l
Tnh cht ho hc
2H
2
O
28
Ni Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
Cu hnh e: [Ar]3d
8
4s
2

S oxi ho : +2, (+3)
E
0
/Ni Ni
+ 2
= -0,26V
Mu trng
bc, cng,
nng
Tnh kh trung bnh
T/d vi phi kim : 2Ni + O
2

o
500 C
2NiO
T/d vi dung dch axit : b cc axit
HNO
3
long, c nng; H
2
SO
4
c
nng oxi ho
Ni + 4HNO
3

o
t
Ni(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2

+ 2H
2
O
Tc dng vi dd mui : kh c cc
ion kim loi ng sau trong dy in
ho: Ni + Cu
2+
Ni
2+
+ Cu
30
Zn Chu k 4, nhm IIB cu
hnh e: [Ar]3d
10
4s
2

S oxi ho: +2
E
0
/Zn Zn
2+
= -0,76V
Mu lam
nht, gin,
do thay i
theo nhit
Tnh kh mnh
T/d vi phi kim : 2Zn + O
2

o
t
2ZnO
T/d vi dung dch axit :
- Kh H
+
trong dung dch axit
Zn + 2H
+
Zn
2+
+ H
2
- Kh mnh
+5
Ntrong HNO
3
,
+6
S trong
H
2
SO
4
c
4Zn+10HNO
3
long
4Zn(NO
3
)
2
+N
2
O+5H
2
O
Tc dng vi dd mui : kh c cc
ion ca kim loi ng sau trong dy
in ho
Zn + Cu
2+
Zn
2+
+ Cu
50
Sn Chu k 5, nhm IVA
Cu hnh e:
[Kr]4d
10
5s
2
5p
2

S oxi ho: +2, +4
E
0
/Sn Sn
2+
= -0,14V
Mu trng
bc, do.
Tnh kh yu
T/d vi phi kim : Sn + O
2

o
t
SnO
2
T/d vi dung dch axit :
- Kh H
+
trong dung dch axit
Sn + 2H
+
Sn
2+
+ H
2
- T/d vi dung dch HNO
3
long
3Sn+8HNO
3c

3Sn(NO
3
)
2
+2NO+4H
2
O
- T/d vi dd HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c nng
Sn+8HNO
3c

Sn(NO
3
)
4
+4NO
2
+4H
2
O
T/d vi dd mui: kh c cc ion
ca kim loi ng sau trong dy in
ho Sn + Cu
2+
Sn
2+
+ Cu
82
Pb

Chu k 6, nhm IVA Mu trng
hi xanh,
Tnh kh yu
T/d vi phi kim : 2Pb + O
2
2PbO
126

n
cht
V tr / Cu hnh e
S oxi ho/ E
o
(V)
Tnh cht
vt l
Tnh cht ho hc
Cu hnh e:
[Xe]4f
14
5d
10
6s
2
6p
2

S oxi ho: +2, +4
E
0
Pb
2+
/Pb
= -0,13V


mm, d Mu
trng hi
xanh, mm,
d dt mng,
ko si.
T/d vi dung dch axit
- Khng t/d vi HCl, H
2
SO
4
long do
to mui ch khng tan bao bc

- T/d vi dd HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c nng
Pb+4HNO
3
c
Pb(NO
3
)
2
+2NO
2
+2H
2
O
T/d vi dd mui : kh c cc ion
kim loi ng sau trong dy in ho
Pb + Cu
2+
Pb
2+
+ Cu





















127

Chng 10: I CNG V HO HC HU C


I. KHI NIM
Hp cht hu c l hp cht ca cacbon (tr CO
2
, CO, mui xianua, mui cacbonat,
cacbua kim loi).
Trong phn t cht hu c nht thit phi c nguyn t cacbon, thng c hiro,
ngoi ra cn c oxi, halogen, nit,.
II. C IM CHUNG CA CHT HU C
a s cc hp cht hu c khi b t nng c oxi th chy, chng km bn vi nhit
nn d b phn hu bi nhit.
Phn ng ca cc hp cht hu c thng xy ra chm, khng hon ton, khng theo
mt hng nht nh, thng cn un nng hoc cn c xc tc.
III. PHN LOI
Hirocacbon
Hirocacbon no
Dn xut
ca
hirocacbon
Dn xut halogen, ancol,
phenol, anehit, xeton, axit, este
Hirocacbon
khng no
Hp cht cha nit
Hirocacbon
thm
Cacbohirat
Polime
IV. CC LOI CNG THC BIU DIN PHN T HP CHT HU C
Cng thc n gin
nht
Cng thc phn t Cng thc cu to
Khi
nim
Cho bit t l ti gin
v s lng nguyn t
ca cc nguyn t
trong phn t hp cht
hu c.
Cho bit s lng
nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t trong phn
t.
Cho bit th t lin
kt gia cc nguyn t
trong phn t.
Th d CH
2
O C
2
H
4
O
2
CH
3
-COO-H
Phng
php
xc
nh
Lp t l s mol ca
cc nguyn t trong
phn t.
T cng thc n
gin nht v phn t
khi.
Tnh theo phng
trnh ho hc.

128

V. NI DUNG CA THUYT CU TO HO HC
Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo mt th t
nht nh gi l cu to ho hc. Khi thay i th t lin kt s to thnh hp cht
mi.
Trong phn t hp cht hu c, nguyn t cacbon lun c ho tr IV. Cc nguyn t
lin kt vi nhau theo ng ho tr ca chng.
Cc nguyn t cacbon khng nhng lin kt vi cc nguyn t khc m cn c th
lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch cacbon (mch h, mch vng ; mch khng phn
nhnh v mch c phn nhnh).
Tnh cht ca mt hp cht khng nhng ph thuc vo bn cht, s lng nguyn t
ca cc nguyn t m cn ph thuc vo cu to ho hc ca chng.
VI. NG NG, NG PHN
ng ng ng phn
KhI
nim
Cc cht c cng thc phn t
khc nhau mt hay nhiu nhm
CH
2
nhng c cu to ho hc
ging nhau do c tnh cht
ging nhau.
Cc cht khc nhau c cng cng
thc phn t c gi l ng
phn ca nhau.

c
im
Mi dy ng ng c mt cng
thc phn t tng qut chung
ng phn cu to
ng phn lp th
Tnh
cht
Cc cht trong cng dy ng
ng c tnh cht tng t nhau
ng phn nhm chc : tnh
cht khc nhau ;
ng phn cu to mch cacbon
: tnh cht c th ging nhau.
ng phn v tr nhm chc
VII. PHN TCH NGUYN T
Phn tch nh tnh cho bit thnh phn cc nguyn t to nn phn t.
Phn tch nh lng cho bit phn trm khi lng mi nguyn t. Khi xc nh
c phn t khi ca hp cht th c th xc nh c cng thc phn t ca hp
cht hu c.
VIII. PHNG PHP TCH BIT V TINH CH HP CHT HU C
C mt s phng php tch bit v tinh ch thng dng nh sau :
1) Phng php chng ct
Da vo s khc nhau v nhit si ca cc cht lng trong cng mt hn hp
tch chng ra khi nhau. Qu trnh un si mt hn hp lng, cht lng chuyn
thnh hi sau lm lnh, hi s ngng t thnh dng lng gi l s chng ct.
129

C cc k thut chng ct khc nhau ty thuc vo yu cu v c im ca cht lng
: chng ct thng, chng ct phn on, chng ct li cun hi nc.
2) Phng php chit
Dng tch ring c hai cht lng khng tan vo nhau ra khi nhau. Thng l
tch cht hu c ra khi lp nc hoc dung dch nc.
3) Phng php kt tinh
Da vo tan khc nhau ca cc cht rn trong mt dung mi v s thay i tan
theo nhit tch bit v tinh ch chng.
IX. PHN NG HU C
1) Khi nim
Phn ng hu c l qu trnh ph v lin kt ha hc trong phn t cht ban u v
hnh thnh lin kt ha hc mi, to thnh cht mi.
2) c im
Phn ng hu c xy ra chm, thng cn un nng hoc c xc tc.
Trong cng iu kin c th xy ra theo nhiu hng khc nhau (do cc lin kt ha
hc trong phn t cht hu c c bn gn ging nhau nn d cng b phn ct) do
thng thu c hn hp sn phm.
3) Cc kiu phn ct lin kt ho hc
- Phn ct ng li : cp electron dng chung c chia u cho 2 nguyn t tham gia
lin kt.
- Phn ct d li : cp electron dng chung thuc v nguyn t tham gia lin kt c
m in ln hn.
4) Cc loi phn ng c bn
+ Phn ng th : thay nguyn t ny bng nguyn t khc.
+ Phn ng cng : hp cht c lin kt bi (C=C, C=O, C=N, CN,) kt hp thm
phn t khc.
+ Phn ng tch : loi b phn t nh ra khi phn t cht hu c.
Ngoi ra cn c cc loi phn ng khc : Phn ng oxi ho hon ton cht hu c,
phn ng oxi ha ct mch cacbon,



130

Chng 12: HIROCACBON

I. ANKAN (HIROCACBON NO)
Hirocacbon no l nhng hirocacbon trong phn t ch c lin kt n.
Ankan (hirocacbon no, mch h) c cng thc tng qut C
x
H
2x+2
(n 1) ;
Xicloankan (hirocacbon no, mch vng) c cng thc tng qut C
x
H
2x
(n 3).
Ankan Xicloankan
ng
phn
ng phn mch cacbon khng phn
nhnh.
ng phn mch nhnh.
ng phn mch vng c s cnh
bng s nguyn t C.
ng phn vng nh hn c mt
hoc nhiu nhnh.
Tnh cht
vt l
Cc cht trong phn t c khng qu 4 nguyn t C : l cht kh ; t 5 n 15
nguyn t C : cht lng ; khng mu, nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc.
Tnh cht
ho hc
Phn ng th nguyn t hiro bng nguyn t halogen hoc nhm nitro :
C
x
H
2x + 2
+ X
2

askt

C
x
H
2x + 1
X + HX
C
x
H
2x
+ HONO
2

xt t ,
0
C
x
H
2x 1
NO
2
+ H
2
O
Phn ng oxi ho hon ton
Phn ng tch hiro to thnh anken
C
x
H
2x + 2

xt t ,
0
C
x
H
2x

Phn ng crackinh : phn ct thnh
cc phn t nh hn
Phn ng rifominh : chuyn hp
cht mch khng nhnh thnh mch
nhnh ;
Phn ng tch hiro khp vng :
to hp cht vng no 5, 6 cnh
Xicloankan vng 3 hoc 4 cnh c
phn ng cng m vng ;
Tch hiro to thnh hp cht vng
khng no hoc vng thm.
iu ch
Gim mt nguyn t cacbon
C
x
H
2x + 1
COONa
0
, , t CaO NaOH
C
x
H
2x +
2
Tng mch cacbon
C
x
H
2x + 1
Cl
ete Na,
C
2x
H
4x + 2

T cacbua kim loi, th d
Al
4
C
3
+ 12H
2
O

3CH
4
+ 4Al(OH)
3

Tch hiro khp vng ankan
131

II. ANKEN ANKAIEN ANKIN (HIROCACBON KHNG NO)
Anken Ankaien Ankin
Khi
nim
Hirocacbon khng no
mch h, trong phn t
c 1 lin kt i C =C.
Hirocacbon khng no,
mch h, trong phn t
c 2 lin kt i C=C.
Hirocacbon khng no
mch h, trong phn t
c 1 lin kt ba C C.
CTTQ C
x
H
2x
vi x > 2. C
x
H
2x 2
vi x > 3. C
x
H
2x 2
vi x >2.
ng
phn
ng phn cu to
ng phn mch cacbon (khng nhnh v c nhnh) tng t ankan.
ng phn v tr lin kt i, lin kt ba trong mch cacbon.
ng phn lp th :
ng phn hnh hc
ng phn hnh hc ti
mi lin kt i
ng phn v tr tng
i ca 2 lin kt i



Tnh
cht
ho
hc
a) Phn ng cng
Cng H
2
/Ni
Cng Br
2

Cng HX : tun theo quy tc Maccopnhicop
b) Phn ng vi dung dch KMnO
4

c) Phn ng trng hp
Cc ankin c lin kt ba u mch c tnh cht ca mt axit yu.
III. HIROCACBON THM
1) Khi nim
Hirocacbon thm l nhng hirocacbon c vng benzen trong phn t.
Benzen v cc cht ng ng lp thnh dy ng ng ca benzen c cng thc tng
qut C
x
H
2x 6
vi x > 6.
2) ng phn
Cc ng ng ca benzen dng RC
6
H
5
t C
8
H
10
tr i c ng phn v mch
cacbon ca mch nhnh ngoi vng benzen.
Khi vng benzen c hai hoc hn hai nhm th ankyl, s c ng phn v v tr
tng i gia cc nhm th .
3) Tnh cht ho hc
Benzen v cc ng ng c kh nng tham gia phn ng th nguyn t H vng
thm (halogen, nitro,..).
Quy tc th : cc ng ng ca benzen tham gia phn ng th nguyn t H ca
vng benzen d hn benzen v u tin th nguyn t H v tr ortho v para so vi
mch nhnh ankyl ln nht.
Cc ng ng ca benzen c phn ng th nguyn t H mch nhnh ca vng
benzen tng t ankan.
132

Cc hirocacbon thm c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng (hiro, halogen) vo
nhn thm. Kh nng cng vo vng benzen kh hn cng vo lin kt i trong
phn t anken.
Hirocacbon thm c mch nhnh khng no c tnh cht ho hc tng t
hirocacbon khng no tng ng.
Khi un nng vi dung dch KMnO
4
hoc cht oxi ho khc, mch nhnh trong
phn t cc hirocacbon thm b oxi ho gy mch. Th d :
C
6
H
5
R
4
KMnO
C
6
H
5
COOK
+
H
C
6
H
5
COOH
Tnh cht ny c ng dng iu ch axit thm.











133

Chng 13: DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL PHENOL
I. DN XUT HALOGEN
1. Khi nim
Dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon, thng gi tt l dn xut halogen c cng thc
phn t C
x
H
y
X
z
, trong X l nguyn t halogen.
Dn xut halogen gm c dn xut flo, dn xut clo, dn xut brom, dn
xut iot v dn xut cha ng thi mt vi halogen khc nhau.
Theo cu to ca gc hirocacbon c cc loi sau : Dn xut halogen no, dn
xut halogen khng no v dn xut halogen thm ; dn xut bc I, bc II v bc III.
2. ng phn v danh php
C ng phn mch cacbon nh hirocacbon, ng thi c ng phn v tr nhm
chc (v tr nguyn t halogen).
Th d: CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
Br v CH
3
CHBrCH
3
;
Tn ca cc dn xut halogen n gin c cu to t tn gc hirocacbon +
halogenua (tn gcchc). Th d : C
2
H
5
Cl etyl clorua ; C
6
H
5
Br phenyl bromua,...
3. Tnh cht
a) Phn ng th nguyn t halogen
Thy phn RX to thnh hp cht ROH
RX + H
2
O
0
,t NaOH
ROH + HX
Nu R l gc thm, phn ng to ra phenol (hoc mui ca phenol).
Kh nng tham gia phn ng th : ankyl halogenua > aryl halogenua ;
bc III > bc II > bc I
b) Phn ng tch
Tch HX to thnh lin kt i C=C, phn ng tun theo quy tc Zaixep.
Th d
CH
3
CHClCH
2
CH
3
+ NaOH
0
5 2
,t OH H C
CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
3
+CH
3
CH=CHCH
3

(spp) (spc) +NaX +H
2
O
c) Phn ng vi kim loi to hp cht c-kim
RX + Mg
0
,t ete
RMgX
134

4. Phng php iu ch
a) Th nguyn t hiro trong phn t hirocacbon
b) Cng HX vo hirocacbon khng no
c) Th OH ca ancol bng nguyn t halogen
II. ANCOL
1. Khi nim
Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c phn t gm mt hay nhiu nhm OH lin kt vi
nguyn t cacbon no (nguyn t C lai ho

sp
3
) ca gc hirocacbon.
Cng thc ca mt s loi ancol :
Ancol n chc : C
x
H
y
OH hay C
x
H
y
O.
Ancol no n chc : C
x
H
2x+2
O hay C
x
H
2x+1
OH
Ancol n chc bc I : C
x
H
y
CH
2
OH hay RCH
2
OH ;
Ancol a chc : C
x
H
y
(OH)
k
vi x> k > 2.
Ancol no a chc : C
x
H
2x+2
O
k
vi 2 s k s x (hay C
x
H
2x+2k
(OH)
k
)
2. ng phn
Cc ancol c cc ng phn mch cacbon, ng phn v tr ca nhm OH trong
mch cacbon v ng phn bc ancol.
Cc ancol a chc cn c ng phn v v tr tng i gia cc nhm OH.
3. Tnh cht ho hc
a) Tnh cht ca ancol n chc
Tc dng vi kim loi kim
ROH + Na RONa + 1/2H
2
Tc dng vi axit cacboxylic to thnh este v nc
ROH + CH
3
COOH CH
3
COOR + H
2
O
Thay th nhm OH bng gc hirocacbon khc to thnh ete
ROH + R
1
OH ROR
1
+ H
2
O
Ancol no n chc tch nc thnh anken, phn ng tun theo quy tc Zaixep
C
x
H
2x+1
OH
xt , t
0
C
x
H
2x
+ H
2
O (x > 2)
Ancol bc I b oxi ho khng hon ton thnh anehit
135

RCH
2
OH +
2
1
O
2

0
t , Cu
RCHO + H
2
O
Ancol bc II b oxi ho khng hon ton thnh xeton
RCH(OH)R
1
+
2
1
O
2

0
t , Cu
RCOR
1
+ H
2
O
Phn ng chy (oxi ho hon ton)
C
x
H
2x+2
O +
2
O
2
x 3
xCO
2
+ (x + 1)H
2
O
b) Tnh cht ca ancol a chc
Ancol m phn t c t nht 2 nhm OH cnh nhau ho tan Cu(OH)
2
thnh dung dch
mu xanh lam m.
3. Phng php iu ch
a) Hirat ho anken
b) Thy phn dn xut halogen
c) Phng php sinh ha iu ch etanol : ln men glucoz










136

Chng 14: ANEHIT XETON AXIT ESTE

I. ANEHIT, XETON
1. Khi nim
Hp cht c nhm C=O lin kt vi gc hirocacbon c gi l hp cht cacbonyl.
Anehit : hp cht c nhm CH=O lin kt vi nguyn t H hoc gc hirocacbon
hoc nhm CHO khc. Th d HCH=O, CH
3
CH=O, O=CHCH=O, CH
2
=CH
CHO,...
Xeton : hp cht c nhm C=O lin kt vi hai nguyn t cacbon (ca gc
hirocacbon hoc ca nhm xeton C=O khc). Th d : CH
3
COCH
3
, CH
3
CO
C
6
H
5
, CH
3
COCOCH
3
, CH
2
=CHCOCH
3
,...
2. Cng thc tng qut
Anehit no n chc : C
x
H
2x + 1
CHO hay C
n
H
2n
O
Anehit n chc : C
x
H
y
CHO hoc C
n
H
m
O
Anehit (n, a chc) : C
x
H
y
(CHO)
k
vi k >1, x > 0.
Xeton l ng phn nhm chc ca anehit nn c cng thc phn t tng t
anehit tng ng.
3. Tnh cht ho hc
a) Tnh oxi ho
Anehit tc dng vi H
2
/Ni to thnh ancol n chc bc mt :
C
x
H
y
CHO + H
2

xt , t
0
C
x
H
y
CH
2
OH
Xeton tc dng vi hiro cho ancol bc II, th d
CH
3
COCH
3
+ H
2

xt , t
0
CH
3
CHOHCH
3
b) Tnh kh
- Anehit b oxi ho bi nc brom hoc hiro peoxit,... thnh axit hu c :
C
x
H
y
CHO + Br
2
+ H
2
O C
x
H
y
COOH + 2HBr
- Anehit b oxi ho bi phc bc amoniac (phn ng trng bc) :
C
x
H
y
[CHO]
k
+ 2k[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH C
x
H
Y
[COONH
4
]
k
+ 2kAg+ + 3kNH
3
+ kH
2
O
Hay :
C
x
H
y
[CHO]
k
+ 2kAgNO
3
+ 3kNH
3
+ kH
2
O C
x
H
Y
[COONH
4
]
k
+ 2kAg+ + 3kNH
4
NO
3

137

Ring HCHO :
HCHO + 4[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH d (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 4Ag+ + 6NH
3
+ 2H
2
O
Hay
HCHO + 4AgNO
3
+ 6NH
3
+ 2H
2
O (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 4Ag+ + 4NH
4
NO
3

- Anehit b oxi ho bi Cu(OH)
2
trong mi trng kim :
RCHO + 2Cu(OH)
2
+ NaOH RCOONa + Cu
2
O + 3H
2
O
4. Phng php iu ch
a) iu ch anehit
Oxi ho ancol bc I c
C
x
H
y
CH
2
OH + (cht oxi ho) C
x
H
y
CHO + H
2
O
Thy phn dn xut 1,1ihalogen
C
x
H
y
CH
2
Cl
2
+ 2NaOH
0
t
C
x
H
y
CHO + 2NaCl +2H
2
O
iu ch CH
3
CHO
T axetilen : CH CH + H
2
O
4
HgSO
CH
3
CHO
T etilen : 2CH
2
= CH
2
+ O
2

xt , t
0
2CH
3
CHO
T C
2
H
5
OH : C
2
H
5
OH + CuO
0
t
CH
3
CH=O + Cu + H
2
O
T CH
3
CHCl
2
: CH
3
CHCl
2
+ 2NaOH
0
t
CH
3
CH=O + 2NaCl + H
2
O
iu ch HCHO
Oxi ha metan: CH
4
+ O
2

xt , t
0
HCHO + H
2
O
Oxi ha metanol: 2CH
3
OH + O
2

xt , t
0
2HCHO + 2H
2
O
b) Oxi ho ancol bc II c xeton
CH
3
CHOHCH
3
+ CuO
0
t
CH
3
COCH
3
+ Cu + H
2
O
iu ch axeton :
Oxi ho cumen thu c axeton v phenol
Nhit phn mui canxi axetat :
Ca(CH
3
COO)
2

0
2
t , ThO
CH
3
COCH
3
+ CaCO
3

II. AXIT CACBOXYLIC
1. Cng thc tng qut
Axit no n chc : C
x
H
2x+1
COOH hay C
n
H
2n
O
2
(n > 1).
138

Axit n chc : C
x
H
y
COOH hoc C
n
H
m
O
2
.
Axit (n, a chc) : C
x
H
y
[COOH]
k
(k > 1).
Axit khng no c 1 lin kt i C=C : C
x
H
2x1
COOH hay C
n
H
2n2
O
2
.
Axit thm n : c vng benzen lin kt trc tip vi nhm COOH.
2. Tnh cht ho hc chung
a) Khi tan trong H
2
O, axit phn li mt phn
Th d : CH
3
COOH

CH
3
COO

+ H
+

Dung dch axit lm qu tm ho .
b) C tnh cht chung ca axit
Tc dng vi baz, oxit baz, mui v kim loi hot ng trc hiro trong dy in
ho.
c) Phn ng este ho
Th d : CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5 +
H
2
O
d) Phn ng chy
Th d : CH
3
COOH + 2O
2

0
t
2CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
3. Tnh cht ca gc hirocacbon
a) Phn ng th halogen vo gc no, thm
b) Phn ng cng vo gc khng no
4. Tnh cht ring
Axit fomic c phn ng trng bc :
HCOOH + 2[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 2Ag+ + 2NH
3
+ H
2
O hay
HCOOH + 2AgNO
3
+ 4NH
3
+ H
2
O (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 2Ag+ + 2NH
4
NO
3

Mui ca axit hoc axit tc dng vi hn hp vi ti xt ( th rn) :
CH
3
COONa + NaOH
0
t CaO,
CH
4
+ Na
2
CO
3
(CH
3
COO)
2
Ca
0
t CaO,
CH
3
COCH
3
+ CaCO
3
CH
3
COOH + 2NaOH
0
t CaO,
CH
4
+ Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
5. Phng php iu ch
a) Phng php chung: Oxi ho khng hon ton anehit
C
x
H
y
CHO + 2[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH C
x
H
y
COONH
4
+ 2Ag + 3NH
3
Hoc: 2RCHO + O
2

xt , t
0
2RCOOH
139

b) iu ch CH
3
COOH
Oxi ho ancol etylic nh enzim :
C
2
H
5
OH + O
2

men
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O
T metanol v CO
CH
3
OH + CO
xt , t
0
CH
3
COOH
III. ESTE CA AXIT CACBOXYLIC
1. Cng thc tng qut
Este no n chc : C
x
H
2x+1
COOC
y
H
2y+1
hay C
n
H
2n
O
2
(n 2)
Este n chc : C
x
H
y
COOC
p
H
q
hay C
n
H
m
O
2

Cht bo l este ca glixerol vi axit bo n chc :
Th d : Tristearin [C
17
H
35
COO]
3
C
3
H
5

Triolein [C
17
H
33
COO]
3
C
3
H
5

Tripanmitin [C
15
H
31
COO]
3
C
3
H
5

2. Tnh cht ho hc
a) Phn ng thu phn, xc tc axit
C
x
H
y
COOC
p
H
q
+ H
2
O C
x
H
y
COOH + C
p
H
q
OH
b) Phn ng x phng ho
C
x
H
y
COOC
p
H
q
+ NaOH C
x
H
y
COONa + C
p
H
q
OH
X phng ho cht bo :
(C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH 3C
17
H
35
COONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

c) Phn ng chuyn ho cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn
(C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3H
2
Ni , t
o
(C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5

d) Mt s phn ng c bit
C
x
H
y
COOCH=CH
2
+ H
2
O
xt , t
0
C
x
H
y
COOH + CH
3
CH=O
C
x
H
y
COOCH=CH
2
+ NaOH C
x
H
y
COONa + CH
3
CHO
C
x
H
y
COOC
6
H
5
+ 2NaOH C
x
H
y
COONa + C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2
O
3. Phng php iu ch
a) Axit tc dng vi ancol, c axit H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc
C
x
H
y
COOCH + C
p
H
q
OH C
x
H
y
COOC
p
H
q
+H
2
O
140

b) Mt vi phn ng c bit
CH
3
COOH + CHCH
xt t
o
CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
+ H
2
O
C
6
H
5
OH + (CH
3
CO)
2
O
xt t
o
CH
3
COOC
6
H
5
+ CH
3
COOH
IV. MT VI IM CN CH
1. Xc nh loi nhm chc v s nhm chc : Da vo cng thc phn t hoc t l mol
gia cc cht phn ng vi cht to ra hoc da vo c im tnh cht ho hc.
Trong phn ng trng bc, cc cht phn ng c t l
Ag
RCHO
n
n
= 2 (tr trng hp
HCHO
HCHO
Ag
n
n
= 4).
Th d : Cht X n chc c CTGN C
2
H
4
O, tc dng c vi NaOH. Do X l
axit hoc este n chc, phn t phi c 2 nguyn t oxi. Vy X c CTPT C
4
H
8
O
2
.
2. Da vo s bin thin khi lng ca cc cht trc v sau phn ng.
Th d : RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H
2
O
M
mui
M
axit
= 22 g/ mol/nhm COOH
3. Nu hn hp cc axit hoc este c phn ng trng gng th trong c axit fomic
hoc este ca axit fomic.






141

Chng 15: CACBOHIRAT

I. KHI NIM
Cacbohirat (gluxit, saccarit) l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc m a s chng c
cng thc chung l C
n
(H
2
O)
m
.
II. PHN LOI
Monosaccarit: L nhm cacbohirat n gin nht khng th thu phn c. Th d
: glucoz, fructoz (C
6
H
12
O
6
).
isaccarit: L nhm cacbohirat m khi thu phn sinh ra 2 phn t monosaccarit.
Th d : saccaroz, mantoz (C
12
H
22
O
11
).
Polisaccarit : L nhm cacbohirat phc tp nht m khi thu phn n cng sinh ra
nhiu phn t monosaccarit. Th d: tinh bt, xenluloz (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
.
III. CU TRC PHN T
1) Glucoz, fructoz C
6
H
12
O
6

Glucoz ch yu tn ti di 2 dng cu trc vng 6 cnh l o v |.
Hai dng ny chuyn ho ln nhau qua dng mch h :


CH
2
OH[CHOH]
4
CHO

o glucoz |glucoz
Fructoz cng tn ti ch yu di hai cu dng vng 5 cnh. hai dng mch vng ny
cng chuyn ho ln nhau qua dng mch h tng t nh glucoz:

CH
2
OH[CHOH]
3
COCH
2
OH

2. Saccaroz v mantoz cng tn ti ch yu dng mch vng.
Phn t saccaroz do gc glucoz lin kt ti nguyn t C
1
qua nguyn t oxi vi
gc fructoz nguyn t C
4

OH
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
OH
142

O
OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
O
O
OH
OH
HOCH
2
CH
2
OH
H
H

gc oglucoz gc | fructoz
Phn t mantoz do hai gc glucoz lin kt vi nhau qua nguyn t oxi, gc th
nht C
1
, gc th hai C
4
. Phn t mantoz dng mch vng cn nhm OH
hemiaxetal t do nn tn ti cn bng vi dng mch h c nhm chc CH=O.




gc o glucoz gc | glucoz
3. Polisaccarit : Tinh bt, xenluloz (
6 10 5
C H O )
n

Tinh bt gm 2 loi phn t polime : amiloz (do cc n v oglucoz lin kt vi nhau
bng lin kt 1,4glicozit to thnh mch khng phn nhnh) v amilopectin (do cc on
mch oglucoz lin kt vi nhau to nn ; cc on mch ny lin kt vi nhau bng lin
kt 1,6glicozit, to thnh mch phn nhnh).
Xenluloz do cc n v oglucoz lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt 1,4glicozit to thnh
mch di khng phn nhnh.
IV. TNH CHT HO HC
1. Monosaccarit v isaccarit
a) Phn ng ca ancol a chc : tc dng natri
Th d :
HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
CH=O + 5Na NaOCH
2
[CHONa]
4
CH=O + 5/2H
2

b) Phn ng ca nhm C=O ca dng mch h : cng H
2
, trng bc,...
Th d :
HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
CHO + H
2

xt , t
0
HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
CH
2
OH
HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
CHO + 2|Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH
xt , t
0

HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
COONH
4
+2Ag + 3NH
3
+ H
2
O
HOCH
2
[CHOH]
3
COCH
2
OH + H
2

xt , t
0
HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
CH
2
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
O
H O
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
H
OH
H
1
1
4
O
OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
O
H OH
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
H
1
1
4 CH=O
143

c) Glucoz v mantoz b oxi ho bi nc brom, hiro peoxit
Th d :
HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
CHO + Br
2
+ H
2
O HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
COOH + 2HBr
Mantoz v fructoz cng c phn ng trng bc, cng hiro.
c) Phn ng ca c hai nhm chc
Glucoz to c dung dch mu xanh lam vi Cu(OH)
2
tng t glixerol, nhng
mu xanh b mt khi un nng v sinh ra Cu
2
O mu son.
d) Phn ng ca c phn t
Khi c xc tc men thch hp, glucoz chuyn ho thnh ancol etylic hoc axit lactic
(CH
3
CH(OH)COOH).
e) isaccarit b thy phn
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O
0
,t xt
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ C
6
H
12
O
6

2. Polisaccarit
a) Tinh bt v xenluloz b thy phn dn v cui cng sinh ra glucoz
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ nH
2
O
0
,t xt
nC
6
H
12
O
6

b) Xenluloz tc dng vi axit
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ 3nHNO
3

0
,t xt
(C
6
H
7
O
2
(ONO
2
)
3
)
n
+ 3nH
2
O
c) Tinh bt c phn ng mu vi iot






144

Chng 16: HP CHT CHA NIT: amin, amino axit,
peptit, protein

I. AMIN
1. Khi nim
Khi thay th nguyn t hiro trong phn t amoniac bng gc hirocacbon ta c
cc hp cht amin.
Bc ca amin bng s nguyn t H trong phn t amoniac b thay th bng gc
hirocacbon, hoc bng s lin kt ca nguyn t nit vi nguyn t C.
Amin no, n chc, mch h c cng thc phn t dng C
n
H
2n+3
N, n 1.
Amin thm : phn t c nhm chc amin lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon ca
vng benzen.
2. ng phn
Cc amin c ng phn bc amin v ng phn mch cacbon.
Amin bc I cn c thm ng phn v tr nhm NH
2
trong mch cacbon.
3. Tnh cht ho hc ca amin n chc
a) Tnh baz ging NH
3
: tc dng vi nc, axit
CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
+ H
2
O

CH
3
CH
2
NH
+
3
+ OH

C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ HCl C
6
H
5
NH
+
3
Cl

Dung dch amin mch h lm xanh qu tm ; dung dch amin thm ni chung khng
lm xanh qu tm.
C tnh kh: tc dng vi axit nitr HNO
2

C
2
H
5
NH
2
+ NaNO
2
+ HCl
C
0
5 0
C
2
H
5
OH + N
2
| + 2NaCl + 2H
2
O
C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ NaNO
2
+ 2HCl
C
0
5 0
C
6
H
5
N
2
Cl + NaCl + 2H
2
O
b) Tnh cht ca nhn benzen lin kt vi nhm NH
2
(tng t phenol)
C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ 3Br
2 dd
2,4,6Br
3
C
6
H
2
NH
2
+ 3HBr
c) Phn ng chy CO
2
, H
2
O, N
2

C
x
H
y
N + (
4
y
x + )O
2

0
t
xCO
2
+
2
y
H
2
O +
2
1
N
2

145

4. Phng php iu ch
a) Th nguyn t H ca amoniac bng gc hirocacbon
NH
3

0
t RX,
RNH
2

0
t RX,
R
2
NH
0
t RX,
R
3
N
b) Kh hp cht nitro, xianua,...
RCN + 2H
2

0
t xt,
RCH
2
NH
2

C
6
H
5
NO
2
+ 6H C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ 2H
2
O
I. AMINO AXIT
1. nh ngha
Amino axit l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc, trong phn t va c nhm amino
NH
2
va c nhm cacboxyl COOH.
Cng thc tng qut : (NH
2
)
x
R(COOH)
y

2. Tnh cht ho hc
a) Tnh cht baz ca amin, th d tc dng vi axit to thnh mui
NH
2
CH
2
COOH + HCl Cl
+
NH
3
CH
2
COO
-
b) Tnh cht ca axit : tc dng vi baz
NH
2
CH
2
COOH + NaOH H
2
NCH
2
COONa + H
2
O
c) Tnh kh: b oxi ha bi axit HNO
2

H
2
NCH
2
COOH + NaNO
2
+ HCl
C
0
5 0
HOCH
2
COOH + N
2
| + 2NaCl
+2H
2
O

d) pH ca dung dch amino axit (NH
2
)
x
R(COOH)
y

x = y : dung dch c pH = 7 ;
x < y : dung dch c pH < 7 ;
x > y : dung dch c pH > 7 ;
e) Tnh cht ca c 2 nhm chc
- S in li to mui ni phn t
H
2
NCH
2
COOH H
3
N
+
CH
2
COO

- im ng in : pH ti amino axit gia hai in cc, khng di chuyn v in
cc no.
- Phn ng trng ngng : cc 6amino axit hoc 7amino axit c phn ng trng
ngng
146


H
2
N[CH
2
]
5
COOH
H
2
O HN[CH
2
]
5
CO
n
n n +

0
t xt,

III. PEPTIT
1. Khi nim
Lin kt peptit l lin kt to gia nhm CO v NH (CONH) ca cc amino
axit.
Peptit l cc cht hu c phn t c to nn t cc amino axit nh lin kt peptit.
Cc n v amino axit c th ging nhau hoc khc nhau.
Cng thc cu to chung ca peptit mch h :
H(NHRCO)
n
NH(R
1
CO)
m
...NHR
n
CO)
k
OH
- Oligopeptit : phn t gm 2 10 n v amino axit to nn, th d: ipeptit :
H
2
NCH
2
CONHCH
2
COOH hay Gly - Gly
u N u C
H
2
NCH
2
CONHCH(CH
3
)COOH hay Gly - Ala
u N u C
- Polipeptit : phn t to nn t trn 10 n v amino axit, th d :
+ Polipeptit to ra t mt loi amino axit :
H
2
NCH(R)CO[NHCH(R)CO]
n
HNCH(R)COOH, n 9.
Hoc H[NHCH(R)CO]
k
OH, k 11.
+ Polipeptit to ra t nhiu loi amino axit :
H[NHCH(R)CO]
n
-[

NH(R
1
)CO]
m
...[NHCH(R
n
)CO]
k
OH ;
u N u C
2. Tnh cht
a) Peptit c tnh lng tnh, th d :
H
2
NCHR
1
CONHCHR
2
COOH + HCl HCl.H
2
NCHR
1
CONHCHR
2
COOH
H
2
NCHR
1
CONHCHR
2
COOH + NaOH H
2
NCHR
1
CONHCHR
2
COONa
+ H
2
O
b) Phn ng thy phn
H
2
NCHR
1
CONHCHR
2
CO....NHCHR
n
COOH + (n1)H
2
O
-
H hoc OH
+

147

1 2 3
2 2 2
n
2
H NCHR COOH NH CHR COOH NH CHR COOH ...
H NCHR COOH
+ + +
+

c) Phn ng mu : tr ipeptit, cc peptit c phn ng mu vi Cu(OH)
2
.
IV. PROTEIN
1. Khi nim
Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi
triu.
- Protein n gin l loi protein m khi thu phn ch cho hn hp cc o-amino axit.
- Protein phc tp l loi protein c cu thnh t protein n gin cng vi thnh
phn "phi protein" nA.
- Protein to ra t mt loi amino axit : (-NHCH(R)CO-)
n
.
2. Cu to
...-NH-CH-CNH-CH-C-NH-CH-C... hay
| ||
n
NH CH C | |
|
\ .

3. Tnh cht
a) Tnh cht ng t
Protein n gin tan c trong nc to thnh dung dch keo v ng t li khi un
nng hoc khi cho axit, baz v mt s mui vo dung dch protein. Th d : ho tan
lng trng trng vo nc, sau un si, lng trng trng s ng t li.
b) Tnh cht ho hc
- Tng t nh peptit, protein b thu phn nh xc tc axit hoc baz hoc enzim
sinh ra cc peptit v cui cng thnh cc o-amino axit
(-HNCH(R)CO-)
n
+ nH
2
O
+
H
nH
2
NCH(R)COOH
- Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)
2
to hp cht mu xanh tm.
V. MT S CH KHI LM BI TP
Xc nh loi nhm chc v s lng nhm chc mi loi da vo tnh cht ho
hc, quan h s mol cht phn ng v bin thin khi lng,...
Xc nh mch cacbon, v tr nhm chc trong mnh cacbon, v da vo phng
php iu ch, ngun gc ca cc cht, ng dng ca chng.
Biu din ng cu to ca peptit v polipetit.
|
1
R
|
2
R
|
3
R
||
O
||
O
||
O
i
R
O
148

Chng 17 : POLIME VT LIU POLIME

I. POLIME
1. Khi nim Nhng hp cht c khi lng phn t rt ln (t hng ngn ti hng
triu vC) do nhiu mt xch lin kt vi nhau c gi l hp cht cao phn t hay
polime.
Polime gm 2 loi :
Polime thin nhin : cao su thin nhin, tinh bt, xenluloz, peptit, protein,...
Polime tng hp : polibutaien, polietilen, PVC,....
2. Cu trc ca polime
C 3 dng cu trc : mch khng nhnh (th d : polietilen, PVC, xenluloz,...), mch
phn nhnh (th d : nha rezol) v mng khng gian (th d : cao su lu ho,
amilopectin, nha rezit).
3. Tnh cht
a) Tnh cht vt l
Cc polime khng bay hi, khng c nhit nng chy xc nh, kh b ho tan trong
cc dung mi thng thng, c tnh bn nhit v bn c hc cao.
b) Tnh cht ho hc
Nhiu polime c tnh bn vng vi tc dng ca axit, baz v cht oxi ho nh
teflon, polietilen,...
Mt s polime c phn ng gi nguyn mch polime : xenluloz c phn ng este
ho ; PVC, poli(metyl metacrylat) b thy phn ; phn ng cng vo lin kt i
C=C,...
Th d :
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]+ 3nHNO
3

o
2 4
H SO , t
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(ONO
2
)
3
]
n
+ 3nH
2
O
Xenluloz Xenluloz trinitrat

CH
2
CH
Cl
CH
2
CH
OH
+
nNaOH
+
nNaCl
n n

Poli(vinyl clorua) Poli(vinyl ancol)/ ancol polivinylic
149

Mt s polime c phn ng phn ct mch polime (cc polieste, poliamit, tinh bt
hoc xenluloz, b thu phn trong mi trng axit hoc baz hoc xc tc enzim)
:
+ Tinh bt v xenluloz b thu phn (xc tc axit hoc enzim) to thnh glucoz
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ nH
2
O
+

o
H , t
nC
6
H
12
O
6
+ Protein b thy phn n cng thnh cc amino axit

1 2 3
... NH CH CO NH CH CO NH CH CO ...
| | |
R R R
+ nH
2
O
+

o
H , t
hay enzim
+ + +
2 2 2
1 2 3
NH CH COOH H N CH COOH H N CH COOH ...
| | |
R R R

Polipeptit v protein c phn ng mu vi Cu(OH)
2
, vi axit HNO
3
; Tinh bt c
phn ng mu vi iot ;...
4. Phng php tng hp polime
a) Phn ng trng hp
Qu trnh kt hp lin tip nhiu phn t nh (monome) to thnh phn t ln
(polime) c gi l phn ng trng hp.
Cc cht tham gia phn ng trng hp l nhng cht trong phn t c lin kt bi
(i hoc ba) hoc vng km bn.
b) Phn ng trng ngng
Qu trnh nhiu phn t nh (monome) kt hp vi nhau thnh phn t ln (polime)
ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc gi l phn ng trng ngng.
Cc cht tham gia phn ng trng ngng l nhng cht trong phn t phi c t hai
nhm chc c kh nng phn ng tr ln.
5. Mt s polime quan trng
Cng thc cu to Tn gi Monome ng dng
CH
2
CH
2 n

Polietilen CH
2
=CH
2
Ti ng
CHCH
2
n

Polistiren

C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
Trn xp
n
CH
2
CH =CHCH
2


Polibutaie
n
CH
2
=CH
CH=CH
2

Cao su
buna
150

n
CH
2
C
COOCH
3
CH
3

Poli(metyl
metacrylat)
CH
2
=C(CH
3
)COO
CH
3

Thu tinh
hu c
HN[CH
2
]
6
NHCO[CH
2
]
4
CO
n

Nilon6,6
H
2
N[CH
2
]
6
NH
2

v
HOOC[CH
2
]

4
COOH
Vi
n
CH
2
CH
Cl

Poli(vinyl
clorua)
CH
2
=CHCl
ng dn,
v dy
in
n
OH
CH
2

Poli(phenol

fomanehit)
o-
HOCH
2
C
6
H
4
OH
Vt liu
in
II. VT LIU POLIME
Thnh phn chnh ca vt liu polime l cc polime. Ngoi ra cn c cht n, cht
to mu, cht chng oxi ha,
Di y l mt s vt liu polime tiu biu :
1. Cao su
L vt liu polime c tnh n hi. C cao su thin nhin (ly t nha cy cao su) v
cao su tng hp (sn xut t polime ca ankaien). Ngoi polime l thnh phn chnh,
trong cao su cn c cht n, cht chng oxi ho, cht tng chu mi mn,... Ph
bin l cao su t nhin, cao su buna, cao su bunaS, bunaN, cao su butyl, cao su
clopren, ...
2. Cht do
Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c tnh do.
Mt s polime dng lm cht do :
Polietilen (PE) :
2 2 n
(CH CH )
Poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC) :
2
|
n
CH CH | |
|
\ .

Poli(metyl metacrylat) (PMMA) :


3
2
|
COOCH
n
CH C | |
|
|
\ .
CH
3

Poli(phenolfomanehit) (PPF).
Cl
151

3. T
T l nhng polime hnh si di v mnh vi bn nht nh.
T c phn thnh hai loi :
T thin nhin (sn c trong thin nhin) nh bng, len, t tm.
T ho hc (ch to bng phng php ho hc).
T ho hc li c chia thnh hai nhm :
T tng hp (ch to t cc polime tng hp) nh cc t poliamit (nilon, capron), t
polivinyl th (vinilon,...).
T bn tng hp hay t nhn to (xut pht t polime thin nhin nhng c ch bin
thm bng phng php ho hc) nh t visco, t xenluloz axetat,...
Mt s loi t tng hp thng dng :
- T poliamit:
T nilon- 6,6 :
2 6 2 4 n
(HN[CH ] CO[CH ] CO)


poli(hexametylen aipamit) (nilon-6,6).
T nilon-6 :
2 5 n
(HN[CH ] CO)

T nilon-7 :
2 6 n
(HN[CH ] CO)

- T vinylic :
T nitron (hay olon) : c tng hp t vinyl xianua (hay acrylonitrin) gi l
poliacrylonitrin :


= | |
|
\ .
o
ROOR', t
2 2
| |
n
nCH CH CH CH
CN CN

- T PVC:


= | |
|
\ .
o
ROOR', t
2 2
| |
n
nCH CH CH CH
Cl Cl

- T polieste : t lapsan.
4. Vt liu compozit
L vt liu hn hp gm t nht hai thnh phn phn tn vo nhau m khng tan vo
nhau.

152

Phn hai:
Luyn k nng

A. BI TP TRC NGHI M THEO CC CHUYN







Bi 1: Electron lin kt km cht ch vi ht nhn nht thuc lp no trong cc lp di
y ?
A. Lp L. B. Lp O. C. Lp K. D. Lp N.
Bi 2: Trong cc nguyn t di y, nguyn t ca nguyn t no c khuynh hng thu
thm electron mnh nht ?
A. Bo. B. Photpho. C. Clo. D. Silic.
Bi 3: Trong cc k hiu v phn lp electron, k hiu no sai ?
A. 5s
2
. B. 3d
6

. C. 2p
10
. D. 4f
14
.
Bi 4: So snh mt s mc nng lng AO sau, hy ch ra phng n sai:
A. 3d < 4p. B. 4f < 5p.
C. 5s < 4d. D. 3s < 4s.
Bi 5: Trong nguyn t, lp N c s phn lp ti a l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 6: Cc ion v nguyn t
2
Ca
+
, Cl

, Ar c im chung l
A. cng s khi. B. cng s electron.
C. cng s proton. D. cng s ntron.
Bi 7: Dy gm cc ion X
+
, Y

v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s

2
2s
2
2p
6
l
A. Na
+
, Cl

, Ar. B. Li
+
, F

, Ne. C. Na
+
, F

, Ne. D. K
+
, Cl

, Ar.
Bi 8: Mt hp cht X c cu to bi ba ion u c cu hnh electron ging nguyn t
Ne. Cng thc ca X l
A. K
2
O. B. Na
2
S. C. CaCl
2
. D. MgF
2
.
Bi 9: Trong s cc cu hnh electron nguyn t di y, cu hnh no trng thi c bn
?
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
3s
1
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
2
3s
2
3p
1
. C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3
3s
2
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
.
Bi 10: trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t P (Z =15) c s electron c thn l
CHUYN 1

NGUYN T. BNG TUN HON
CC NGUYN T HO HC.
LIN KT HO HC
153

A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Bi 11: trng thi c bn, ht vi m no sau y c s electron c thn ln nht ?
A. N. B.

Br . C.
3
Fe
+
. D. Si.
Bi 12: Nguyn t Fe (Z = 26). Cu hnh electron ca ion
2
Fe
+
l
A. [Ar]3d
6
. B. [Ar]3d
5
4s
1
. C. [Ar]3d
6
4s
2
. D. [Ar]4s
2
3d
4
.


Bi 13: Cu hnh electron trng thi c bn ca nguyn t kim loi no sau y c
electron c thn obitan s ?
A. Canxi. B. Crom. C. St. D. Nhm.
Bi 14: Cu hnh electron trng thi c bn ca nguyn t kim loi no sau y c
electron cui cng in vo phn lp p ?
A. St. B. Canxi. C. Nhm. D. Natri.
Bi 15: S ht electron v s ht ntron c trong mt nguyn t
56
26
Fe l
A. 26e, 56n. B. 26e, 30n. C. 26e, 26n. D. 30e, 30n.
Bi 16: Trong phn t H
2
SO
4
, tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang
in l (bit
1
1
H ,
32
16
S,
16
8
O)
A. 48. B. 50. C. 52. D. 49.
Bi 17: Tng s ht mang in trong ion
3
NO

l (bit
14
7
N ,
16
8
O)
A. 61. B. 31. C. 62. D. 63.
Bi 18: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron phn lp p l 17. Nguyn t X l
A. brom. B. agon. C. lu hunh. D. clo.
Bi 19: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 8. Nguyn
t ca nguyn t Y c tng s ht mang in nh hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 12.
Cc nguyn t X v Y l
A. Mg v CA. B. Si v O. C. Al v Cl. D. Na v S.
Bi 20: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S
ht mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8
ht. Cc nguyn t X, Y ln lt l
A. Fe v Cl. B. Na v Cl. C. Al v Cl. D. Al v P.
Bi 21: Tng s ht p, n, e trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 21. Nguyn t X l
A. nit. B. cacbon. C. oxi. D. silic.
Bi 22: Mt nguyn t R c tng s cc loi ht bng 115. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 25 ht. S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t R l
A. 56. B. 90. C. 45. D. 80.
Bi 23: Tng s ht mang in trong hp cht AB
2
bng 44. S ht mang in ca nguyn t B
nhiu hn s ht mang in ca nguyn t A l 4. S hiu nguyn t ca A v B ln lt l
A. 5 ; 9. B. 7 ; 9. C. 16 ; 8. D. 6 ; 8.
154

Bi 24: Tng s ht mang in trong ion
2
3
AB

bng 82. S ht mang in trong ht nhn
ca nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong ht nhn ca nguyn t B l 8. S hiu
nguyn t ca A v B l
A. 6 ; 14. B. 13 ; 9. C. 16 ; 8. D. 9 ; 16.
Bi 25: Mt hp cht A c cu to t hai ion
+
X

v
2
Y . Trong phn t A c tng s
ht proton, ntron, electron l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 44. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. Cu
2
O. B. Na
2
O. C. K
2
O. D. Na
2
S.
Bi 26: Hp cht M c to thnh t cation
+
X

v anion
2
Y . Mi ion u do 5 nguyn
t ca 2 nguyn t to nn. Tng s proton trong
+
X l 11, cn tng s electron trong
2
Y
l 50. Hp cht M cha 4 nguyn t l
A. N, Cl, H, O. B. Na, H, O, C. C. K, H, O, P. D. H, S, O, N.
Bi 27: ng v l nhng
A. nguyn t c cng s ntron nhng khc nhau v s proton.
B. nguyn t c cng s khi.
C. nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s khi.
D. nguyn t c cng s ntron nhng khc nhau v in tch ht nhn.
Bi 28: C cc pht biu sau:
1. Bt c ht nhn nguyn t no u cha proton v ntron.
2. Trong mt nguyn t s proton lun lun bng s electron.
3. Trong ht nhn nguyn t s proton lun lun bng s ntron.
4. Trong cation bt k, s electron t hn s proton.
5. Bt c ht nhn no t s gia s ntron v s proton lun > 1 v < 1,52.
Nhng pht biu khng ng l
A. 3, 5. B. 1, 3, 4. C. 1, 3, 5. D. 2, 4, 5.
Bi 29: Trong nhng nguyn t hoc nhng cht sau y, cp no l ng v ca nhau ?
A. oxi v ozon. B.
40
20
Ca v
40
18
Ar .
D.
28
14
Si

v
30
14
Si . C. kim cng v than ch.
Bi 30: Trong t nhin, hiro v oxi u c 3 ng v:
1
1
H,
2
1
H,
3
1
H v
16
8
O,
17
8
O,
18
8
O.
Tng s phn t nc to thnh l
A. 18. B. 9. C. 12. D. 27.
Bi 31: Trong t nhin, nguyn t brom c hai ng v
79
35
Br v Br
81
35
. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca brom l 79,91. Thnh phn % tng s nguyn t ca ng v Br
79
35

l
A. 44,5%. B. 54,5%. C. 45,5%. D. 55,4%.
Bi 32: Nguyn t X c ba loi ng v c s khi ln lt l 24, 25, 26. Trong s 5000
nguyn t X th c 3930 ng v 24 v 505 ng v 25, cn li l ng v 26. Nguyn t
khi trung bnh ca X l
155

A. 24,327. B. 24. C. 24,13. D. 24,2.
Bi 33: Hai ng v X
1
v X
2
c tng s khi l 34. Tng s ht mang in trong c hai
ng v ln hn tng s ht khng mang in l 14. S khi ca X
1
, X
2
l
A. 15 v 19. B. 13 v 21. C. 16 v 18. D. 14 v 20.
Bi 34: Nguyn t nguyn t bo c hai ng v
10
5
Bv
11
5
B. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
bo l 10,81. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca
11
5
B

trong axit boric H
3
BO
3
(M = 61,81
g/mol) l
A. 13,10%. B. 14,42%. C. 3,07%. D. 17,48%.
Bi 35: Nguyn t X c hai ng v X
1
v X
2
. Tng s ht khng mang in trong X
1
v X
2

l 90. Nu cho 1,2 gam Ca tc dng vi mt lng X va th thu c 5,994 gam hp
cht CaX
2
. Bit t l s nguyn t X
1
: X
2
= 9 : 11. S khi ca X
1
, X
2
ln lt l
A. 81 v 79. B. 75 v 85. C. 79 v 81. D. 85 v 75.
Bi 36: Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z, T c electron cui cng c in vo cc phn lp
nh sau: X: 4s
2
; Y: 3p
3
; Z: 3p
1
; T: 2p
4
. Cc nguyn t kim loi l
A. X, Z. B. X, Y, Z.
C. Y, Z, T. D. X, Y.
Bi 37: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca 3 nguyn t A, B, C c lp ngoi cng l 4s
1
. Ba
nguyn t A, B, C l
A. K, Na, Li. B. Cr, K, Cu.
C. Na, Cr, Cu. D. Cu, Mn, Ca..
Bi 38: Cu hnh electron ca ion no sau y khng ging ca kh him ?
A.
2
S
.
B. Br

. C. Li
+
.
D.
3
Fe
+
.
Bi 39: Nguyn t ca ba nguyn t no sau y u c 8 electron lp ngoi cng ?
A. Ar, Xe, Br. B. He, Ne, Ar. C. Xe, Fe, Kr. D. Kr, Ne, Ar.
Bi 40: Hai nguyn t X v Y c tng s electron lp ngoi cng bng 10. S electron
lp ngoi cng ca X nh hn ca Y l 4. Bit chng u thuc chu k 3. Nguyn t X, Y
ln lt l
A. Si v S. B. Mg v Ar. C. Mg v S. D. Al v Cl.
Bi 41: So vi cc nguyn t ca cc nguyn t phi kim trong cng chu k, cc nguyn t
ca nguyn t kim loi c in tch ht nhn
A. nh hn. B. ln hn.
C. bng. D. c th ln hn hoc nh hn.
Bi 42: Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn. Pht biu ng l
A. Tnh baz ca oxit v hiroxit tng ng tng dn.
B. Bn knh nguyn t tng.
C. Tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t gim dn.
D. m in ca nguyn t tng dn.
Bi 43: Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu t trn xung di. Pht biu khng ng l
156

A. Tnh axit ca oxit v hiroxit tng ng gim dn.
B. Nng lng ion ho th nht ni chung tng dn.
C. Bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
D. m in ca nguyn t gim dn.

Bi 44: Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l
A. P, N, F, O. B. N, P, F, O. C. P, N, O, F. D. N, P, O, F.
Bi 45: Dy cc nguyn t nguyn t no sau y c sp xp theo chiu tng dn m
in ?
A. Mg < Si < S < O. B. O < S < Si < Mg.
C. Si < Mg < O < S. D. S < Mg < O < Si.
Bi 46: Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 16), Y (Z = 8) v R (Z = 19). m in
ca cc nguyn t gim dn theo th t
A. Y > R > X > M. B. R > X > M > Y.
C. R > Y > X > M. D. Y > X > M > R.
Bi 47: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: Li, O, F, Na xp theo th t tng dn l
A. F, O, Li, Na. B. F, Na, O, Li. C. F, Li, O, Na. D. Li, Na, O, F.
Bi 48: Nguyn t nguyn t no sau y c bn knh nguyn t ln nht ?
A. Canxi. B. Kali. C. Beri. D. Magie.
Bi 49: Cho cc kim loi Fe, Co, Ni c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 26, 27, 28. Bn knh
nguyn t tng dn theo th t l
A. Fe < Co < Ni. B. Ni < Fe < Co. C. Co < Ni < Fe. D. Ni < Co < Fe.
Bi 50: Hy chn dy cc ion c bn knh tng dn trong cc dy sau:
A.
2
Ca
+
<
+
K < Cl

<
2
S

. B.
+
K < Cl

<
2
Ca
+

<
2
S

.
C.
2
S

< Cl

<
+
K <
2
Ca
+
. D. Cl

<
+
K <
2
S

<
2
Ca
+

.
Bi 51: Nguyn t nguyn t R c 24 electron. V tr ca nguyn t R trong bng tun hon l
A. chu k 4, nhm IA. B. chu k 4, nhm IB.
C. chu k 4, nhm IIA. D. chu k 4, nhm VIB.
Bi 52: Cation
2
X
+
c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s
2
3p
6
. V tr ca nguyn t X
trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc l
A. S th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA. B. S th t 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA.
C. S th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA. D. S th t 19, chu k 4, nhm IA.
Bi 53: Cu hnh electron ca ion
2
Y
+

l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t Y thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
Bi 54: Tnh kim loi ca Mg
A. yu hn Al, Be v mnh hn Ba, Na. B. yu hn Ba, Be v mnh hn Na, Al.
157

C. yu hn Na, Be v mnh hn Al, Ba. D. yu hn Na, Ba v mnh hn Be, Al.
Bi 55: Hai nguyn t X v Y thuc cng mt nhm A chu k 2 v 3 c s n v in
tch ht nhn hn km nhau l
A. 10. B. 18. C. 2. D. 8.
Bi 56: Cp n cht no trong cc cp sau y c tnh cht ho hc ging nhau nht ?
A. Oxi v clo. B. Rubii v kali.
C. Bo v nhm. D. Photpho v lu hunh.
Bi 57: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn
t ca nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp ngoi
cng. Nguyn t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l
A. kim loi v kim loi. B. phi kim v kim loi.
C. kim loi v kh him. D. kh him v kim loi.
Bi 58: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t l YO
3
, trong hp cht ca n vi hiro c 5,88%
hiro v khi lng. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y l
A. [Ar]3s
2
3p
4
. B. [Ne]3s
2
. C. [Ne]3s
2
3p
5
. D. [Ne]3s
2
3p
4
.
Bi 59: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca mt nguyn t R l RH
3
. Oxit cao nht ca n cha
56,34% oxi v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. lu hunh. B. nhm. C. photpho. D. nit.
Bi 60: Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH
3
. Trong
oxit m R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. S. B. As. C. N. D. P.
Bi 61: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns
2
np
4
. Trong
hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi
lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00%. B. 27,27%. C. 60,00%. D. 40,00%.
Bi 62: Nguyn t A to ra c oxit AO
x
; nguyn t B to ra c hp cht kh BH
y
.
Thnh phn % khi lng ca A trong AO
x

l 50% ; ca B trong BH
y
l 75%, bit
x y
AO / BH
d = 4. Cng thc ca AO
x
v BH
y
l
A. SO
2
v CH
4
. B. CO
2
v HCl. C. NO
2
v CH
4
. D. SO
2
v NH
3
.
Bi 63: X v Y l hai nguyn t trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip ca bng
tun hon. Tng s proton ca hai nguyn t X, Y bng 32. Hai nguyn t l
A. C v Si. B. Mg v Ca. C. N v P. D. O v S.
Bi 64: Hai nguyn t X v Y hai nhm A lin tip nhau trong bng tun hon. Nguyn
t Y thuc nhm V. trng thi n cht X, Y khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s proton
trong ht nhn nguyn t ca X, Y l 23. Cu hnh electron ca X, Y ln lt l
A. [Ne]3s
2
3p
3
v [He]2s
2
2p
4
. B. [Ne]3s
2
3p
3
v [He]2s
2
2p
2
.
C. [He]2s
2
2p
3
v [Ne]3s
2
3p
4
. D. [Ne]3s
2
3p
4
v [He]2s
2
2p
3
.
Bi 65: Khi hnh thnh lin kt ion, nguyn t nhn electron tr thnh ion c
A. in tch m v c nhiu electron hn.
158

B. in tch m v s proton thay i.
C. in tch dng v s proton khng i.
D. in tch dng v c t electron hn.
Bi 66: phn cc ca lin kt cng ho tr ph thuc vo
A. s khi ca cc nguyn t tham gia lin kt.
B. s electron ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t tham gia lin kt.
C. s th t ca cc nguyn t tham gia lin kt.
D. s khc bit v m in ca cc nguyn t tham gia lin kt.
Bi 67: Bit rng tnh phi kim gim dn theo th t F, O, Cl. Trong phn t cc cht sau
phn t cht no c lin kt phn cc nht ?
A. ClF. B. O
2

. C. Cl
2
O. D. F
2
O.
Bi 68: Cp cht no sau y c phn t b phn cc ?
A. CO
2
, H
2
O. B. O
2
, NH
3
. C. N
2
, HCl. D. H
2
O, NH
3
.
Bi 69: Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l
A. O
2
, H
2
O, NH
3
. B. H
2
O, HF, H
2
S. C. HCl, O
3
, H
2
S. D. HF, Cl
2
, H
2
O.
Bi 70: Lin kt ho hc trong phn t H
3
PO
4

A. ch l lin kt ion.
B. l lin kt cng ho tr v lin kt cho - nhn.
C. l lin kt ion v lin kt cng ho tr.
D. ch l lin kt cng ho tr.
Bi 71: Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l
A. HCl. B. NH
3
. C. NH
4
Cl. D. H
2
O.
Bi 72: Hai hp cht trong phn t u c lin kt cho - nhn l
A. CO
2
, C
2
H
2
. B. SO
2
, HNO
3
. C. H
2
S, NH
4
Cl. D. SO
3
, H
2
CO
3
.
Bi 73: Dy hp cht no sau y ch c lin kt ion ?
A. KCl, HCl, CH
4
. B. NaCl, CaO, MgCl
2
.
C. MgO, HNO
3
, KHSO
4
. D. NaBr, K
2
O, KNO
3
.
Bi 74: Trong mi phn t ca cp cht no sau y ch c hai loi lin kt ho hc ?
A. NaOH, HClO. B. C
2
H
5
OH, HClO
2
. C. Cl
2
O
7
, CaSO
4
. D. P
2
O
5
, K
2
CO
3
.
Bi 75: Cp phn t no sau y u cha lin kt cho - nhn ?
A. O
3
v CO
2
. B. C
2
H
2
v O
3
. C. CO v O
3
. D. N
2
v O
3
.
Bi 76: Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c to thnh do
A. dng chung cc electron.
B. lc ht tnh in ca cc ion mang in tch tri du.
C. cc electron t do gn cc ion dng kim loi vi nhau.
D. dng chung cc cp electron ch do mt nguyn t ng gp.
Bi 77: S hnh thnh phn t Cl
2
l do
A. s xen ph trc gia hai obitan s ca mi nguyn t clo.
159

B. s xen ph trc gia mt obitan s v mt obitan p ca hai nguyn t clo.
C. s xen ph trc gia hai obitan p cha electron c thn ca mi nguyn t clo.
D. s xen ph bn gia hai obitan p cha electron c thn ca mi nguyn t clo.
Bi 78: Trong mng tinh th kim cng, mi nguyn t C c s nguyn t ln cn gn nht l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Bi 79: Tinh th cc cht kim cng, nc v mui n ln lt thuc loi cc tinh th
A. nguyn t, phn t v ion. B. ion, nguyn t v phn t.
C. phn t, nguyn t v ion. D. phn t, ion v nguyn t.
Bi 80: Nguyn t C, N, Be trong cc phn t C
2
H
4

, NH
3

, BeH
2

c kiu lai ho ln lt l
A. sp
2
, sp, sp
3
. B. sp
2
, sp
3
, sp.
C. sp, sp
2
, sp
3
. D. sp
3
, sp
2
, sp.
Bi 81. Xt cc nguyn t Cl, Al, Na, P, F.
Th t tng dn ca bn knh nguyn t no sau y ng ?
A. Cl < F < P < Al < Na B. F < Cl < P < Al < Na
C. Na < Al < P < Cl < F D. Cl < P < Al < Na < F
Bi 82. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc nhm
VIIA l 28. Nguyn t khi ca nguyn t l
A. 18 B. 19 C. 20 D. 21
Bi 83. Bn nguyn t X, Y, Z, T c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 9, 17, 35, 53. Cc
nguyn t trn c sp xp theo chiu tnh phi kim tng dn nh sau :
A. X, Y, Z, T B. X, T, Y, Z C. X, Z, Y, T D. T, Z, Y, X
Bi 84. Hp cht vi hiro (RH
n
) ca nguyn t no sau y c gi tr n ln nht ?
A. C B. N C. O D. S
Bi 85. Mt nguyn t c oxit cao nht l R
2
O
7
. Nguyn t y to vi H mt hp cht kh
trong H chim 0,78% v khi lng. Nguyn t l
A. flo B. lu hunh C. oxi D. iot
Bi 86. Cho 2 nguyn t X v Y cng nhm thuc 2 chu k nh lin tip nhau v c tng s
n v in tch ht nhn l 18. Hai nguyn t X, Y l
A. natri v magie. B. natri v nhm.
C. bo v nhm. D. bo v magie.
Bi 87. Hai nguyn t A v B ng k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k ca bng tun hon
c tng s n v in tch ht nhn l 25. Hai nguyn t A v B l
A. Na v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Mg v Al. D. Na v K.
Bi 88. Hai nguyn t X, Y 2 nhm A (hoc B) lin tip nhau trong bng tun hon, Y
thuc nhm VA, trng thi n cht X v Y khng phn ng vi nhau, tng s
proton trong ht nhn nguyn t X v Y l 23. Hai nguyn t X v Y l
A. cacbon v photpho. B. oxi v nit.
C. photpho v oxi. D. lu hunh v nit.
160

Bi 89. Cho 0,2mol oxit ca nguyn t R thuc nhm IIIA tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl
d thu c 53,4g mui khan. R l
A. Al B. B C. Br D. Ga
Bi 90. Nguyn t R thuc nhm VIIA. Trong oxit cao nht, khi lng ca oxi chim
61,2%. Nguyn t R l
A. flo B. clo C. iot D. brom
Bi 91. T l ca phn t khi gia oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R vi hp cht kh vi
hiro ca n l 5,5 : 2. Nguyn t R l
A. cacbon B. silic C. lu hunh D. photpho
Bi 92. Ion X
+
v Y

c cu hnh electron tng t nhau. Nhn xt no sau y lun ng ?

A. Nguyn t X, Y thuc cng mt chu k trong bng tun hon.
B. S electron ca nguyn t X nhiu hn s electron ca nguyn t Y l 2.
C. S proton trong nguyn t X, Y nh nhau.
D. S ntron ca nguyn t X nhiu hn ca nguyn t Y l 2.
Bi 93. A l hp cht c cng thc MX
2
trong M chim 50% v khi lng. Bit ht
nhn nguyn t M cng nh X u c s proton bng s ntron, tng s cc ht
proton trong MX
2
l 32. Cng thc phn t ca MX
2
l
A. CaCl
2
B. MgC
2
C. SO
2
D. CO
2

Bi 94. Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c phn t khi l 60. Nguyn t R l
A. Si B. S C. P D. N
Bi 95. Khi cho 6,66g mt kim loi thuc nhm IA tc dng vi nc th c 0,96g H
2
thot
ra. Kim loi l
A. Na B. Li C. K D. Rb
Bi 96. Khi ho tan hon ton 3 g hn hp 2 kim loi trong dung dch HCl d thu c
0,672 lt kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c a gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca a l
A. 5,13g B. 5,12g C. 5,07g D. 4,91g
Bi 97. X, Y, Z l 3 nguyn t thuc cng chu k ca bng tun hon. Bit oxit ca X khi
tan trong nc to thnh mt dung dch lm hng qu tm, Y phn ng vi nc lm
xanh giy qu tm, cn Z phn ng c vi c axit v kim. Nu xp theo trt t
tng dn s hiu nguyn t th trt t ng s l
A. X, Y, Z B. Y, Z, X C. X, Z, Y D. Z, Y, Z
Bi 98. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t hai nguyn t A v B ln
lt l 3s
x
v 3p
5
. Bit rng phn lp 3s ca 2 nguyn t A v B hn km nhau ch 1
electron. Hai nguyn t A, B l
A. Na, Cl B. Mg, Cl C. Na, S D. Mg, S
Bi 99. Trong Anion
2-
3
XY c 32 ht electron. Trong nguyn t X cng nh Y c s proton
bng s ntron. X v Y l 2 nguyn t no trong s nhng nguyn t sau ?
A. F v N B. S v O C. Be v F D. C v O
161

Bi 100. Hai nguyn t ca nguyn t A v B c tng s ht l 112, tng s ht ca nguyn
t nguyn t A nhiu hn so vi tng s ht ca nguyn t nguyn t B l 8 ht. A v
B ln lt l
A. Ca ; Na B. Ca ; Cl C. Ca ; Ba D. K ; Ca





162








Bi 1: S oxi ho ca Mn trong K
2
MnO
4
l
A. +3. B. +4. C. +7. D. +6.
Bi 2: S oxi ho ca Cr trong ion
2
2 7
Cr O

l
A. +2. B. +3. C. +6. D. +7.
Bi 3: Cho cc cht v ion: NO, N
2
, NO
2
, N
2
O,
4
NH
+
,
2
NO

,
3
NO

. Th t cc cht v ion
sp xp theo chiu gim dn s oxi ho ca N l

A.
3
NO

>
2
NO

> NO
2
> N
2
O > NO >
4
NH
+
> N
2
.
B.
3
NO

> NO
2
>
2
NO

> NO > N
2
O > N
2
>
4
NH
+
.
C.
4
NH
+
>
2
NO

> NO > N
2
O > N
2
> NO
2
>
3
NO

.
D.
4
NH
+
> N
2
> NO >
2
NO

> N
2
O > NO
2
>
3
NO

.
Bi 4: Trong ho hc v c, loi phn ng no sau y lun lun l phn ng oxi ho -
kh ?
A. Phn ng trao i. B. Phn ng th.
C. Phn ng phn hu. D. Phn ng ho hp.
Bi 5: Trong cc phn ng di y, phn ng no khng c s thay i s oxi ho ca cc
nguyn t ?
A. S tng tc ca km trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long.


B. S tng tc ca bari nitrat v natri sunfat trong dung dch.
C. S phn hu ca kali clorat.
D. S tng tc ca st vi clo.
Bi 6: Trong phn ng ho hc, cc nguyn t kim loi
A. ch th hin tnh oxi ho.


B. ch th hin tnh kh.
C. khng th hin tnh kh hoc khng th hin tnh oxi ho.
D. va th hin tnh kh, va th hin tnh oxi ho.
Bi 7: Mt phn ng oxi ho - kh nht thit phi c
A. cht kt ta to thnh. B. s thay i s oxi ho.
C. cht kh bay ra. D. cht in li yu to thnh.
Bi 8: Trong bng tun hon (dng bng di), cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht nm
Chuyn 2
PHN NG HO HC
TC PHN NG V CN BNG HO HC
163

A. pha trn bn tri. B. pha di bn tri.
C. pha trn bn phi. D. pha di bn phi.
Bi 9: Trong phn ng:
10FeSO
4
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 8H
2
SO
4
5Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 8H
2
O
Axit H
2
SO
4
ng vai tr
A. va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ho. B. ch l cht kh.
C. ch l cht to mi trng. D. ch l cht oxi ho.
Bi 10: Cho phn ng: a Al + b HNO
3
c Al(NO
3
)
3
+ d NH
4
NO
3
+ e H
2
O
Cc h s a, b, c, d, e l nhng s nguyn n gin nht. Tng (d + e) bng
A. 15. B. 9. C. 12. D. 18.
Bi 11: C phn ng: 4Mg + 5H
2
SO
4
4MgSO
4
+ X + 4H
2
O
Cho bit tt c cc h s u ng. Hi X l cht g ?
A. SO
2
. B. S. C. SO
3
. D. H
2
S.
Bi 12: Cho s phn ng: Fe
3
O
4
+ HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht l
A. 34. B. 55. C. 47. D. 25.
Bi 13: Cho phn ng: a Fe
x
O
y
+ b HNO
3
c Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ d NO

+ e H
2
O
Cc h s a, b, c, d, e l nhng s nguyn n gin nht. Tng (a + b + e) bng
A. 24x 4y + 3. B. 1 + 9x 3y.
C. 18x 3y + 3. D. 1 + 12x 2y.
Bi 14: Cho phn ng:
(5x 2y) M + (18x 6y) HNO
3
(5x 2y) M(NO
3
)
n
+ 3N
x
O
y
+ (9x 3y) H
2
O
Bit tt c cc h s u ng. Kim loi M l
A. Zn. B. Ag. C. Cu. D. Al.
Bi 15: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe
3
O
4
+HNO
3 Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ N
x
O
y
+ H
2
O
Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn,
ti gin th h s ca HNO
3
l
A. 13x 9y. B. 46x 18y. C. 45x 18y. D. 23x 9y.
Bi 16: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS
2
to ra sn phm CuO, Fe
2
O
3
v SO
2
th 2 phn t
CuFeS
2
s
A. nhng 22 electron. B. nhn 22 electron.
C. nhng 26 electron. D. nhng 24 electron.
Bi 17: Trong phn ng: 3K
2
MnO
4
+ 2H
2
O 2KMnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ 4KOH
Nguyn t Mn
A. ch b oxi ho. B. ch b kh.
C. va b oxi ho, va b kh. D. khng b oxi ho, khng b kh.
Bi 18: Trong phn ng: 2NO
2
+ 2NaOH NaNO
2
+ NaNO
3
+ H
2
O
164

Phn t NO
2

A. ch l cht oxi ho.
B. ch l cht kh.
C. va l cht oxi ho, va l cht kh.
D. khng phi cht oxi ho, khng phi cht kh.
Bi 19: Trong phn ng phn hu: 4HNO
3

o
t
4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O
Axit nitric ng vai tr g ?
A. Ch l cht to mi trng.
B. Ch l cht kh.
C. Ch l cht oxi ho.
D. Va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ho.
Bi 20: Phn ng c s thay i s oxi ho ca st l
A. dd FeSO
4
+ dd NaOH. B. dd FeCl
3
+ dd AgNO
3
.
C. Fe
2
O
3
+ dd H
2
SO
4
c, nng. D. Fe(OH)
2
+ dd HNO
3
long.
Bi 21: Hy sp xp cc kim loi Al, Ag, Fe, Cu, Pb, Na theo tnh kh tng dn:
A. Na < Al < Fe < Pb < Cu < Ag. B. Al < Cu < Pb < Fe < Ag < NA.
C. Ag < Cu < Pb < Fe < Al < NA. D. Cu < Ag < Fe < Pb < Na < Al.
Bi 22: Dy ion halogenua no sau y sp xp theo th t tnh kh mnh dn ?
A. Cl

< F

< I

< Br

. B. F

< Cl

< Br

< I

.
C. I

< Br

< Cl

< F

. D. Br

< I

< F

< Cl

.
Bi 23: Sp xp th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc cht Br
2
, Cl
2
, S, SO
2
, H
2
S l
A. Cl
2
< Br
2
< S < SO
2
< H
2
S. B. SO
2
< H
2
S < S < Br
2
< Cl
2
.
C. H
2
S < S < SO
2
< Cl
2
< Br
2
. D. H
2
S < S < SO
2
< Br
2
< Cl
2
.
Bi 24: Cht va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh l
A. NH
3
. B. H
2
S. C. CO
2
. D. SO
2
.
Bi 25: Trong s cc cht HCl, HBr, H
2
S v NH
3
th cht c tnh kh mnh nht l
A. NH
3
. B. H
2
S. C. HCl. D. HBr.
Bi 26: Trong phn ng oxi ho - kh th H
2
O
2
c th ng vai tr
A. cht kh. B. cht oxi ho.
C. cht oxi ho hoc cht kh. D. cht to mi trng.
Bi 27: Trong cc ht vi m: S, SO
2
, CO
2
, H
2
S, F
2
, Br
2
, O
2
, Fe
3+
, nhng ht vi m ch c
tnh oxi ho l
A. SO
2
, CO
2
, F
2
, Br
2
, O
2
. B. F
2
, Br
2
, O
2
.
C. S, CO
2
, F
2
, H
2
S, O
2
. D. CO
2
, F
2
, Fe
3+
.
Bi 28: Cho phng trnh ion thu gn: Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu
Kt lun no sau y l ng ?
A. Fe
2+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Cu
2+
. B. Fe
2+
c tnh oxi ho yu hn Cu
2+
.
165

C. Cu
2+
c tnh kh mnh hn Fe
2+
. D. Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Fe.
Bi 29: T phn ng: Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag
Pht biu no di y l ng ?
A. Fe
2+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Fe
3+
.
B. Fe
3+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Ag
+
.
C. Fe
2+
kh c Ag
+
.
D. Ag
+
c tnh kh mnh hn Fe
2+
.
Bi 30: Cho cc cht kh CO
2
, NO
2
, SO
2
, H
2
S, Cl
2
O hp th vo dung dch NaOH. Nhng
cht c phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. NO
2
, SO
2
. B. NO
2
. C. CO
2
, SO
2
. D. Cl
2
O, NO
2
.
Bi 31: Trong s cc cht HCl, H
2
S, H
2
O
2
, SO
2
v SO
3
th cht khng lm mt mu dung
dch KMnO
4
l
A. H
2
O
2
, SO
3
. B. SO
2
. C. SO
3
. D. H
2
O
2
, H
2
S.
Bi 32: Cho cc phn ng di y, phn ng no khng phi l phn ng oxi ho - kh ?
A. Br
2
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ 2HBr.
B. 3Cl
2
+ 6KOH

o
t
5KCl + KClO + 3H
2
O.
C. NaClO + CO
2
+ H
2
O NaHCO
3
+ HClO.
D. FeS
2
+ 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
S + S.
Bi 33: Cho cc phn ng sau:
2NH
3
+ 3Cl
2


N
2
+ 6HCl (1)
4NH
3
+ 5O
2

o
t , Pt
4NO + 6H
2
O (2)
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ 3NH
4
NO
3
(3)
2NH
3
+ 3CuO
o
t
3Cu + N
2
+ 3H
2
O (4)
Cu(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
(5)
Nhng phn ng m NH
3
ng vai tr cht b oxi ho l
A. (1), (2), (4). B. (2), (4), (5).
C. (3), (5). D. (1), (2), (3), (4).
Bi 34: Cho cc phn ng:
2SO
2
+ O
2

o
t , xt
2SO
3
(1)
NH
4
Cl
o
t
NH
3
+ HCl (2)
2KClO
3
o
t , xt
2KCl + 3O
2
(3)
2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4

o
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O (4)
NaHCO
3
+ NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (5)
Cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l
166

A. (2), (3), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (4).
C. (2), (4). D. (1), (3), (4).
Bi 35: Cho cc phn ng sau:
4HCl + MnO
2
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
2HCl + Zn ZnCl
2
+ H
2
14HCl + K
2
Cr
2
O
7 2KCl + 2CrCl
3
+ 3Cl
2
+ 7H
2
O
6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2

16HCl + 2KMnO
4 2KCl + 2MnCl
2
+ 5Cl
2
+ 8H
2
O
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ho l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3.
Bi 36: Cho cc phn ng:
NaAlO
2
+ HCl + H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ NaCl (1)
4HCl + MnO
2
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O (2)
Mg(OH)
2
+ 2HCl MgCl
2
+ 2H
2
O (3)
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
(4)
2Cu + 4HCl + O
2
2CuCl
2
+ 2H
2
O (5)
Nhng phn ng HCl khng ng vai tr cht oxi ho, cht kh l
A. 1, 3, 5. B. 3, 4, 5. C. 2, 4. D. 1, 2, 3.
Bi 37: Cho cc phn ng:
Ca(OH)
2
+ Cl
2


CaOCl
2
+ H
2
O
2H
2
S + SO
2
3S + 2H
2
O
2NO
2
+ 2NaOH

NaNO
3
+ NaNO
2
+ H
2
O
4KClO
3
o
t
KCl + 3KClO
4

O
3
O
2
+ O
S phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 38: Cho cc phn ng nhit phn sau:
NH
4
Cl

o
t
NH
3
+ HCl

(1)
2NaHCO
3

o
t
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O (2)
2Mg(NO
3
)
2
o
t
2MgO + 4NO
2
+ O
2
(3)
2KClO
3
o
t
2KCl + 3O
2
(4)


2Fe(OH)
3
o
t
Fe
2
O
3 + 3H
2
O (5)
167

2KMnO
4
o
t
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
(6)
Cc phn ng thuc loi oxi ho - kh l
A. (4), (6). B. (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (2), (4). D. (3), (4), (6).
Bi 39: Cho cc phn ng sau:
a) FeO + HNO
3 (c, nng)

b) FeS + H
2
SO
4 (c, nng)

c) Al
2
O
3
+ HNO
3 (c, nng) d) Zn + H
2
SO
4
(long)
e) Cu + dung dch FeCl
3

f) Cl
2
+ Ca(OH)
2

Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. a, b, d, e, f. B. a, c, e, f. C. b, c, d, e. D. b, d, e.
Bi 40: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(X) + HNO
3
ZnSO
4
+ NO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
(Y) + H
2
SO
4
MgSO
4
+ H
2
S

+ H
2
O (2)
(Z) + HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ CO
2
+ NO + H
2
O (3)
Cc cht phn ng X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. Zn, Mg, FeCO
3
. B. Zn, MgO, Fe
3
O
4
.
C. ZnS, Mg, FeCO
3
. D. ZnS, MgS, Fe
2
(CO
3
)
3
.
Bi 41: C phn ng: X + HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
S cht X c th thc hin phn ng trn l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Bi 42: Cc cht v ion trong dy sau va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ho l
A. SO
2
, S, Fe
2+
, F
2
. B. SO
2
, S, Fe
3+
.
C. SO
2
, Fe
2+
, S, Cl
2
. D. Fe
2+
, Fe, Ca, KMnO
4
.
Bi 43: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO
2
, N
2
, HCl,
2
Cu
+
, Cl

. S cht v ion c
c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l
A. 7. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
Bi 44: S mol electron cn dng kh 0,25 mol Fe
2
O
3
thnh Fe l
A. 0,25 mol. B. 0,75 mol. C. 1,25 mol. D. 1,50 mol.
Bi 45: Khi nhit phn 23,7 gam KMnO
4
th thu c V lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,68. B. 3,36. C. 6,76. D. 2,24.
Bi 46: Ho tan hon ton 13,92 gam Fe
3
O
4
bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c 448 ml kh X
(ktc). Kh X l

A. N
2
O. B. NO
2
. C. N
2
. D. NO.
Bi 47: Ho tan hon ton st oxit bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng (va ), thu c 2,24
lt kh SO
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 120 gam mui khan. Cng thc
ca st oxit l
A. FeO. B. Fe
3
O
4
. C. Fe
2
O
3
. D. FeO hoc Fe
3
O
4
.
168

Bi 48: Ho tan 9,28 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn vi s mol bng nhau trong mt
lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch Y v 0,07 mol mt sn
phm duy nht cha lu hunh. Sn phm cha lu hunh l
A. S. B. H
2
S. C. SO
2
. D. SO
3
.
Bi 49: Ho tan hon ton 4,05 gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO
3
, thu c 3,36 lt
(ktc) kh NO duy nht. Kim loi M l
A. Fe. B. Cu. C. Al. D. Mg.
Bi 50: Ho tan 11,6 gam mui RCO
3
bng dung dch HNO
3
c, d thu c m gam
mui R(NO
3
)
3
; 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO
2
v CO
2
. Kim loi R v gi tr m l
A. Fe ; 36,3. B. Fe ; 24,2. C. Cr ; 24,2. D. Zn ; 4,84.
Bi 51: Ho tan hon ton 9,94 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Cu trong lng d dung dch
HNO
3
long, thu c 3,584 lt kh NO ( ktc). Tng khi lng mui khan to thnh l
A. 18,69 gam. B. 19,86 gam. C. 43,9 gam. D. 39,7 gam.
Bi 52: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht
hn hp X trong dung dch HNO
3
d, thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy
nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,22. B. 2,62. C. 2,52. D. 2,32.
Bi 53: Cho phng trnh phn ng ho hc:
N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k)
Khi tng nng ca hiro ln 2 ln th tc phn ng thun
A. gim i 2 ln. B. tng ln 2 ln.
C. tng ln 6 ln. D. tng ln 8 ln.
Bi 54: Cho phn ng ho hc: A + 2B
C + D

nhit khng i, nu nng cht A khng i, cn nng cht B tng 2 ln th
tc phn ng tng
A. 2 ln. B. 4 ln. C. 8 ln. D. 16 ln.
Bi 55: Cho cht xc tc MnO
2
vo 100 ml dung dch H
2
O
2
, sau 60 giy thu c 33,6 ml
kh O
2
( ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H
2
O
2
) trong 60 giy trn l
A. 5,0.
4
10

mol/(l.s). B. 5,0.
5
10

mol/(l.s).
C. 1,0.
3
10

mol/(l.s). D. 2,5.
4
10

mol/(l.s).
Bi 56: C phng trnh nhit ho hc:
H
2

(k) + I
2
(r)
o
t , xt

2HI (k) ; H = 51,88 kJ

Nu phn hu hon ton 128 gam kh HI thnh cc n cht th lng nhit km theo
ca qu trnh ny l
A. H = 25,94 kJ. B. H = 51,88 kJ.
C. H = 25,94 kJ. D. H = 51,88 kJ.
Bi 57: Cho phng trnh nhit ho hc:
169

CaCO
3
(r)
o
t
CaO (r) + CO
2
(k) ; H = 176 kJ
Mun phn hy hon ton 250 gam CaCO
3
cn cung cp mt lng nhit l
A. H = 250 kJ. B. H = 880 kJ.
C. H = 440 kJ. D. H = 500 kJ.
Bi 58: Trong cc pht biu di y, pht biu no ng khi mt h ho hc ang trng
thi cn bng ?
A. Phn ng thun dng.
B. Phn ng nghch dng.
C. Nng cht tham gia v sn phm bng nhau.
D. Nng ca cc cht trong h khng i.
Bi 59: Cho cn bng ho hc: N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k) ; phn ng thun l phn
ng to nhit. Cn bng ho hc khng b chuyn dch khi
A. thay i p sut ca h. B. thay i nng N
2
.
C. thay i nhit . D. thm cht xc tc Fe.
Bi 60: cn bng 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k)

2SO
3
(k) ; H< 0 chuyn dch theo chiu
thun, cch lm no sau y khng ng ?
A. Tng nng ca SO
2
. B. Gim nng ca SO
3
.
C. Tng nhit ca phn ng. D. Tng p sut ca phn ng.
Bi 61: Cho cn bng (trong bnh kn) sau:
CO (k) + H
2
O (k)

CO
2
(k) + H
2
(k) ; H< 0
Trong cc yu t: (1) tng nhit ; (2) thm mt lng hi nc ; (3) thm mt lng
H
2
; (4) tng p sut chung ca h ; (5) dng cht xc tC.
Dy gm cc yu t u lm thay i cn bng ca h l
A. (1), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (3).
C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
Bi 62: Phn ng: CaCO
3
(r)

CaO (r) + CO
2
(k) ; H> 0 s chuyn dch theo chiu
thun nu
A. tng p sut v tng nhit . B. gim p sut v tng nhit .
C. tng p sut v gim nhit . D. gim p sut v gim nhit .
Bi 63: Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn:
2NO
2
(k)

N
2
O
4
(k)
(mu nu ) (khng mu)
Bit khi h nhit ca bnh th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c
A. H A > 0, phn ng ta nhit. B. H A < 0, phn ng ta nhit.
C. H A > 0, phn ng thu nhit. D. H A < 0, phn ng thu nhit.
Bi 64: Phn ng no di y chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim p sut hoc tng
nhit ca bnh ?
170

A. COCl
2
(k)

CO (k) + Cl
2
(k) ; H 113 kJ A = .
B. 2SO
3
(k)

2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) ; H 198 kJ A = .
C. CO (k) + H
2
O (h)

CO
2
(k) + H
2
(k) ; H 41, 8 kJ A = .
D. N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k) ; H 92 kJ A = .
Bi 65: Cho cc cn bng ho hc:
N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k) (1) ; H
2
(k) + I
2
(k)

2HI (k) (2)

2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k)

2SO
3
(k) (3) ; 2NO
2
(k)

N
2
O
4
(k) (4)
Khi thay i p sut, nhng cn bng ho hc b chuyn dch l
A. (1), (2), (3). B. (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (2), (4). D. (1), (3), (4).
Bi 66: Cho cc cn bng sau:
(1) 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k)
o
xt, t

2SO
3
(k)
(2) N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)
o
xt, t

2NH
3
(k)
(3) CO
2
(k) + H
2
(k)
o
t

CO (k) + H
2
O (k)
(4) 2HI (k)
o
t

H
2
(k) + I
2
(k)
Khi thay i p sut, nhm gm cc cn bng ho hc u khng b chuyn dch l
A. (1) v (2). B. (1) v (3). C. (3) v (4). D. (2) v (4).
Bi 67: Cho cc cn bng ho hc:
Fe
2
O
3
(r) + 3CO

(k)

2Fe (r) + 3CO

2
(k) (1)
N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k) (2)
C

(r) + CO
2
(k)

2CO (k) (3)

CaO
(r) + SiO
2
(r)

CaSiO
3
(r) (4)
H
2
(k) + I
2
(k)

2HI (k) (5)

p sut khng nh hng n cc cn bng l
A. (1), (3), (4). B. (2), (3).
C. (1), (4), (5). D. (1), (5).
Bi 68: Hng s cn bng ca phn ng xc nh ch ph thuc vo
A. nhit . B. p sut. C. cht xc tc. D. nng .
Bi 69: Cho cc cn bng sau:
(1) H
2
(k) + I
2
(k)

2HI (k) ; (2)

1
2
H
2
(k) +
1
2
I
2
(k)

HI (k)
(3) HI (k)

1
2
H
2
(k) +
1
2
I
2
(k) ; (4) 2HI (k)

H
2
(k) + I
2
(k)
171

(5) H
2
(k) + I
2
(r)

2HI (k)
nhit xc nh, nu
C
K ca cn bng (1) bng 64 th
C
K bng 0,125 l ca cn
bng
A. (4). B. (2). C. (3). D. (5).
Bi 70: Trong bnh nh mc 2,00 lt ban u ch cha 0,777 mol SO
3
(k) ti 1100K.
Tnh gi tr
C
K ca phn ng di y, bit ti trng thi cn bng c 0,52 mol SO
3
:
2SO
3 (k)

2SO
2 (k) + O
2 (k)
A. 1,569.
2
10

. B. 3,139.
2
10

. C. 3,175.
2
10

. D. 6,351.
2
10

.
Bi 71. Trong cc phn ng ho hc sau, phn ng no l phn ng oxi ho kh ?
1. CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2

2. 2KClO
3
2KCl + 3O
2

3. 2NaNO
3
2NaNO
2
+ O
2

4. 2Al(OH)
3
Al
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
5. 2NaHCO
3
Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
A.(1), (4) B.(2),(3) C.(3),(4) D.(4),(5)
Bi 72. S mol electron cn dng kh hon ton 0,25 mol Fe
2
O
3
thnh Fe l
A. 0,25mol B. 0,5 mol C. 1,25 mol D. 1,5 mol
Bi 73. Trong phn ng : 2NO
2
+ 2NaOH NaNO
3
+ NaNO
2
+ H
2
O
NO
2
ng vai tr
A. l cht oxi ho.
B. l cht kh.
C. l cht oxi ho, ng thi cng l cht kh.
D. khng l cht oxi ho, cng khng l cht kh.
Bi 74. Nhn nh no sau y khng ng ?
A. Trong cc phn ng ho hc, s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t c th thay i hoc
khng thay i.
B. Trong cc phn ng phn hu s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t lun thay i.
C. Trong cc phn ng th, s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t lun thay i.
D. Trong cc phn ng oxi ho kh lun c s thay i s oxi ho ca cc nguyn
t.
Bi 75. Cho cc phn ng ho hc sau :
1. 4HClO
3
+ 3H
2
S 4HCl + 3H
2
SO
4

2. 8Fe + 30 HNO
3
8Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3N
2
O + 15H
2
O
3. 16HCl + 2KMnO
4
2KCl + 2MnCl
2
+ 8H
2
O + 5Cl
2

4. Mg + CuSO
4
MgSO
4
+ Cu
5. 2NH
3
+ 3Cl
2
N
2
+ 6HCl
Dy gm cc cht kh l
172

A. H
2
S, Fe, KMnO
4
, Mg, NH
3
B. H
2
S, Fe, HCl, Mg, NH
3

C. HClO
3
, Fe, HCl, Mg, Cl
2
D. H
2
S, HNO
3
, HCl, CuSO
4
, Cl
2

Bi 76. Cho 2,8g bt Fe nguyn cht tc dng va ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, gii
phng kh A v dung dch B ; c cn dung dch B thu c m gam mui khan. Vy m
c gi tr l
A. 27,2. B. 7,6. C. 6,7. D. 20,0.
Bi 77. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng t oxi ho t kh l
A. NO
2
+ 2NaOH NaNO
2
+ NaNO
3
+ H
2
O
B. 2KNO
3

o
t
2KNO
2
+ O
2

C. Fe + CuCl
2
FeCl
2
+ Cu.
D. 2Na + Cl
2

o
t
2NaCl
Bi 78. Trong cc phn ng sau, phn ng no HCl ng vai tr l cht oxi ho?
A. 4HCl + MnO
2
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
B. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2

C. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
D. 2HCl + CuO CuCl
2
+ H
2
O
Bi 79. C s phn ng :
KI + KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
K
2
SO
4
+ I
2
+ MnSO
4
+ H
2
O
Khi thu c 15,1g MnSO
4
th s mol I
2
to thnh l
A. 0,25 B. 0,025 C. 0,0025 D. 0,00025
Bi 80. t mt kim loi X trong bnh ng kh clo thu c 32,5 gam mui clorua v
nhn thy s mol kh clo trong bnh gim 0,3 mol. X l
A. Mg B. Al C. Fe D. Cu
Bi 81. Hy sp xp cc phn t, ion cho di y theo th t tng dn s oxi ho ca nit:
NO
2
, NH
3
, NO
2

, NO
3

, N
2
, NO
2
.
A. NO
2
< NO < NH
3
< NO
2

< NO
3

< N
2
< N
2
O
B. NH
3
< N
2
< N
2
O < NO < NO
2

< NO
2
< NO
3

C. NH
3
< N
2
< NO < NO
2

< N
2
O < NO
2
< NO
3

D. NH
3
< N
2
< N
2
O < NO
2

< NO
2
< N
2
O
4
< NO
3

Bi 82. Cho phn ng : 4Zn + 5H
2
SO
4

c

o
t
4ZnSO
4
+ X + 4H
2
O
Trong phn ng trn, X l
A. SO
2
B. H
2
S C. S D. H
2

Bi 83. Ho tan kim loi R ho tr (II) bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
v 2,24 lt kh SO
2
(ktc). S
mol electron m R cho l
A. 0,1mol B. 0,2mol C. 0,3 mol D. 0,4mol
Bi 84. Cho cc phn ng ho hc sau :
173

HNO
3
+ H
2
S S + NO + H
2
O (1)
Cu + HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O + NO (2)
Tng h s (nguyn, ti gin) ca cc cht tham gia v to thnh trong cc phn ng
(1) v (2) l
A. 12 v 18 B. 14 v 20 C. 14 v 16 D. 12 v 20
Bi 85. Cho 22,25 g hn hp gm Mg, Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 g kh
H
2
bay ra. Khi lng mui clorua thu c trong dung dch l
A. 50,57g B. 57,75g C. 57,05g D. 52,55g
Bi 86. Trong cc loi phn ng sau, loi no lun l phn ng oxi ho kh ?
A. Phn ng ho hp. B. Phn ng phn hu
C. Phn ng trung ho. D. Phn ng th.
Bi 87. Cho phn ng :
FeSO
4
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ MnSO
4
+ H
2
O
H s cn bng ca FeSO
4
trong phng trnh khi cn bng l
A. 10 B. 8 C. 6 D. 2
Bi 88. Lu hunh tc dng vi dung dch kim nng theo PTHH :
3S + 6KOH 2K
2
S + K
2
SO
3
+ 3H
2
O
Trong phn ng ny c t l s nguyn t lu hunh b oxi ho v s nguyn t lu
hunh b kh l
A. 2 :1 B. 1 :2 C. 1 :3 D. 2 :3
Bi 89. Phn ng lu hunh tc dng vi axit sunfuric c, nng:
S + H
2
SO
4
SO
2
+ H
2
O
Trong phn ng ny, t l s nguyn t cht b kh v s nguyn t cht b oxi ho l
A. 1 : 2 B. 1 : 3 C. 3 :1 D. 2 :1
Bi 90. Phn ng KMnO
4
+ H
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4
MnSO
4
+ O
2
+ K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
c h s (nguyn, ti gin) ca cht oxi ho v ca cht kh l
A. 3 v 5 B. 5 v 2 C. 2 v 5 D. 3 v 2
Bi 91. Cho s phn ng : H
2
SO
4

c
+ Fe
o
t
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
O + SO
2

S phn t H
2
SO
4
b kh v s phn t H
2
SO
4
to mui ca phn ng sau khi cn
bng l
A. 6 v 3 B. 3 v 6 C. 6 v 6 D. 3 v 3
Bi 92. T l gia s phn t HNO
3
l cht oxi ho v s phn t HNO
3
l mi trng trong
phn ng FeCO
3
+ HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + CO
2
+ H
2
O l
A. 8 :1 B. 1 :9 C. 1 :8 D. 9 :1
Bi 93. Trong cc ion, phn t cho di y, ion, phn t c tnh oxi ho l
A. Mg B. Cu
2+
C. Cl

D. S
2

Bi 94. Cho s phn ng : Mg + HNO
3
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ NH
4
NO
3
+ H
2
O
S phn t HNO
3
b kh v s phn t to mui nitrat l
174

A. 1 v 8 B. 10 v 5 C. 1 v 9 D. 8v 2.
Bi 95. Cho 2,7g kim loi X tc dng vi kh clo to 13,35g mui. Tn kim loi X l
A. Cu B. Al C. Fe D. Zn
Bi 96. Kh hon ton a g mt oxit st bng kh CO nhit cao thu 6,72 g st v 7,04
gam kh CO
2
. Gi tr ca a v cng thc oxit st l
A. 9,28g ; Fe
3
O
4
B. 4,64g ; Fe
2
O
3

C. 9,28g ; Fe
2
O
3
D. 2,88g ; FeO
Bi 97. H s cn bng (s nguyn, ti gin) ca cc cht trong phng trnh ho hc
Al + HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ N
2
+ H
2
O ln lt l
A. 10, 36, 10, 3, 18. B. 10, 30, 10, 3, 15.
C. 5, 8, 5, 3, 4. D. 5, 20, 5, 3, 10.
Bi 98. Trong cc phn ng i y, phn ng khng phi phn ng oxi hokh l
A. Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
| B. FeS + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
S|
C. 2FeCl
3
+ Fe 3FeCl
2
D. Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu SO
4

Bi 99. t mt kim loi trong bnh kn cha y kh clo thu c 32,5 g mui clorua v
nhn thy th tch kh clo trong bnh gim 6,72 lt (ktc). Kim loi dng l
A. Fe B. Al C. Mg D. Cu
Bi 100. Cho phn ng : H
+
+ SO
2
4

+ Fe Fe
3+
+ H
2
O + SO
2

Tng h s cn bng (s nguyn, ti gin) ca cc cht trong phng trnh l
A. 10 B. 28 C. 12 D. 24

175







Bi 1: Trng hp no sau y khng dn in ?
A. NaCl nng chy. B. NaCl khan.
C. Dung dch NaCl. D. Dung dch NaOH.
Bi 2: in li o ca cht in li ph thuc vo nhng yu t no sau y ?
A. Bn cht ca cht in li.
B. Bn cht ca dung mi.
C. Nhit ca mi trng v nng ca cht tan.
D. C A, B, C u ng.
Bi 3: Cho dy cc cht: KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O, C
2
H
5
OH, C
12
H
22
O
11
(saccaroz), CH
3
COOH,
Ca(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4
. S cht in li l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.
Bi 4: Cho cc cht: HNO
3
, KOH, Ag
2
SO
4
, NaCl, H
2
SO
3
, CuSO
4
, Cu(OH)
2
. Cc cht in
li mnh l
A. KOH, Ag
2
SO
4
, NaCl, H
2
SO
3
. B. NaCl, H
2
SO
3
, CuSO
4
.
C. HNO
3
, KOH, NaCl, CuSO
4
. D. Ag
2
SO
4
, NaCl, CuSO
4
, Cu(OH)
2
.
Bi 5: Cho cc cht: H
2
O, CH
3
COOH, HCl, Ba(OH)
2
, NaNO
3
, CuSO
4
, NH
3
. Cc cht in
li yu l
A. H
2
O, CH
3
COOH, CuSO
4
, NH
3
. B. CH
3
COOH, NaNO
3
, NH
3
.
C. H
2
O, Ba(OH)
2
, NaNO
3
, CuSO
4
. D. H
2
O, CH
3
COOH, NH
3
.
Bi 6: Dy gm tt c cc cht in li mnh l
A. KNO
3
, PbCl
2
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, Na
2
S, NH
4
Cl.
B. KNO
3
, HClO
4
, Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, CuSO
4
.
C. KHSO
4
, HClO
4
, Na
2
S, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl.
D. KOH, HClO
4
, NaHSO
4
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, NH
3
.
Bi 7: Khi pha long dung dch CH
3
COOH 1M thnh dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,5M th
A. in li gim. B. in li tng.
C. in li tng 2 ln.

D. in li khng i.
Bi 8: Trong dung dch axit axetic c cn bng sau:
CH
3
COOH

H
+
+
3
CH COO

in li o ca CH
3
COOH s bin i nh th no khi nh vi git dung dch HCl vo
dung dch axit axetic ?
A. Tng. B. Gim.
Chuyn 3
S IN LI
176

C. Khng thay i.

D. Khng xc nh c.
Bi 9: Nng mol ca ion H
+
trong dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M l 0,0013M. in li
o ca axit CH
3
COOH l
A. 1,35%. B. 1,3%. C. 0,135%. D. 0,65%.
Bi 10: Trong cc mui sau: BaCl
2
, NaNO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
, K
2
S, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl, ZnCl
2
,
KI. Cc mui u khng b thy phn l
A. BaCl
2
, NaNO
3
, KI. B. Na
2
CO
3
, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl, ZnCl
2
.
C. BaCl
2
, NaNO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
, K
2
S.

D. NaNO
3
, K
2
S, ZnCl
2
, KI.
Bi 11: Cho cc dung dch sau: NaNO
3
, K
2
CO
3
, CuSO
4
, FeCl
3
, AlCl
3
. Cc dung dch u
c pH < 7 l
A. K
2
CO
3
, CuSO
4
, FeCl
3
. B. NaNO
3
, K
2
CO
3
, CuSO
4
.
C. CuSO
4
, FeCl
3
, AlCl
3
.

D. NaNO
3
, FeCl
3
, AlCl
3
.
Bi 12: Nhm cc dung dch u c pH > 7 l
A. Na
2
CO
3
, CH
3
NH
3
Cl, CH
3
COONa, NaOH.
B. C
6
H
5
ONa, CH
3
NH
2
, CH
3
COONa, Na
2
S.
C. Na
2
CO
3
, NH
3
, CH
3
COONa, NaNO
3
.
D. Na
2
CO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, Na
2
S.
Bi 13: Nhm cc dung dch u c pH < 7 l
A. NH
4
Cl, CH
3
COOH, Na
2
SO
4
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
.
B. HCl, NH
4
NO
3
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
.
C. HCOOH, NH
4
Cl, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl.
D. NaAlO
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
, H
2
SO
4
, C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl.
Bi 14: Nhm c dung dch khng lm giy qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh l
A. dung dch K
2
CO
3
, dung dch CH
3
COONa.
B. dung dch CH
3
COONa, dung dch NH
3
.
C. dung dch NaOH, dung dch C
2
H
5
NH
2
.
D. dung dch NH
3
, dung dch C
6
H
5
NH
2
.
Bi 15: Cho qu tm vo cc dung dch: Cu(NO
3
)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, K
2
SO
4
, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl,
NaHSO
4
, AlCl
3
, K
2
S. S dung dch c th lm qu tm ho xanh l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 16: Trong cc cp cht di y, cp cht no cng tn ti trong mt dung dch ?
A. NaHSO
4
v NaHCO
3
. B. NaAlO
2
v HCl.
C. AgNO
3
v NaCl. D. CuSO
4
v AlCl
3
.
Bi 17: Dy gm cc ion c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l
A. Na
+
,
2
Ca
+
, Cl

,
3
4
PO

. B.
2
Ba
+
,
2
Cu
+
,
3
NO

,
2
4
SO

.
C.
2
Zn
+
, K
+
, Cl

,
2
S

. D.
3
Al
+
,
2
Mg
+
,
2
4
SO

,
3
NO

.
Bi 18: Dy gm cc ion (khng k n s phn li ca nc) cng tn ti trong mt dung
dch l
177

A. Ag
+
, Na
+
,
3
NO

, Cl

. B.
2
Mg
+
, K
+
,
2
4
SO

,
3
4
PO

.
C. H
+
,
3
Fe
+
,
3
NO

,
2
4
SO

. D.
3
Al
+
,
4
NH
+
, Br

, OH

.
Bi 19: Dy gm cc ion khng th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l
A. Na
+
,
2
Mg
+
,
3
NO

,
2
4
SO

. B. Na
+
, K
+
,
4
HSO

, OH

.
C.
2
Ba
+
,
3
Al
+
,
4
HSO

, Cl

. D.
3
Fe
+
,
2
Cu
+
,
2
4
SO

, Cl

.
Bi 20: Cho 4 dung dch trong sut, mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi
anion trong s cc ion sau:
2
Ba
+
,
3
Al
+
, Na
+
, Ag
+
,
2
3
CO

,
3
NO

, Cl

,
2
4
SO

. Cc dung
dch l
A. AgNO
3
, BaCl
2
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, Na
2
CO
3
.
B. AgCl, Ba(NO
3
)
2
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. AgNO
3
, BaCl
2
, Al
2
(CO
3
)
3
, Na
2
SO
4
.
D. Ag
2
CO
3
, Ba(NO
3
)
2
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, NaNO
3
.
Bi 21: Cho cc phn ng ho hc sau:
(1) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
(2) CuSO
4
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2

(3) Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2 (4) H
2
SO
4
+ BaSO
3
(5) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2 (6) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2
Cc phn ng u c cng phng trnh ion rt gn l
A. (1), (2), (3), (6). B. (1), (3), (5), (6).
C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (3), (4), (5), (6).
Bi 22: Cho phn ng ho hc:
FeS
2
+ H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
Phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng (1) l
A. 2FeS
2
+ 22 H
+
+ 7
2
4
SO

2
3
Fe
+
+ 11SO
2
+ 11H
2
O
B. 2FeS
2
+ 28H
+
+ 11
2
4
SO

2
3
Fe
+
+ 15SO
2
+ 14H
2
O
C. 2FeS + 20 H
+
+ 7
2
4
SO

2
3
Fe
+
+ 9SO
2
+ 10H
2
O
D. FeS
2
+ 24H
+
+ 9
2
4
SO


3
Fe
+
+ 11SO
2
+ 12H
2
O
Bi 23: Cho 4 phn ng:
(1) Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

(2) 2NaOH + (NH
4
)
2
SO
4 Na
2
SO
4
+ 2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O
(3) BaCl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3 BaCO
3
+ 2NaCl
(4) 2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O + FeSO
4 Fe(OH)
2
+ (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
Cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng axit - baz l
A. (2), (4). B. (3), (4). C. (2), (3). D. (1), (2).
Bi 24: Cho dy cc cht: NH
4
Cl, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, NaCl, MgCl
2
, FeCl
2
, AlCl
3
. S cht
178

trong dy tc dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)
2
to thnh kt ta l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.
Bi 25: Dy cc cht v ion no sau y l axit ?
A. HCOOH, HS

,
4
NH
+
,
3
Al
+
. B. Al(OH)
3
,
4
HSO

,
3
HCO

,
2
S

.
C.
4
HSO

, H
2
S,
4
NH
+
,
3
Fe
+
. D.
2
Mg
+
, ZnO, HCOOH, H
2
SO
4
.
Bi 26: Theo nh ngha axit - baz ca Bron-stt, cc cht v ion thuc dy no di y
l lng tnh ?
A.
2
3
CO

,
-
3
CH COO , H
2
O. B. ZnO, Al(OH)
3
,
4
NH
+
,
4
HSO

.
C.
4
NH
+
,
3
HCO

,
-
3
CH COO . D. Zn(OH)
2
, Al
2
O
3
,
3
HCO

, H
2
O.
Bi 27: Cc hp cht trong dy cht no di y u c tnh lng tnh ?
A. Cr(OH)
3
, Fe(OH)
2
, Mg(OH)
2
. B. Cr(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
.
C. Cr(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, Mg(OH)
2
. D. Cr(OH)
3
, Pb(OH)
2
, Mg(OH)
2
.
Bi 28: Dy cc cht no sau y va tc dng c vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
, va tc dng
c vi dung dch NaOH ?
A. Pb(OH)
2
, ZnO, Fe
2
O
3
. B. Al(OH)
3
, Al
2
O
3
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. ZnO, NH
4
HCO
3
, Al(OH)
3
. D. Zn(OH)
2
, NaHCO
3
, CuCl
2
.
Bi 29: nhn bit cc dung dch HCl, NaCl, NaOH, BaCl
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, ch dng mt thuc
th no trong s cc cht sau ?
A. Na. B. HCl. C. KOH. D. Qu tm.
Bi 30: C 5 dung dch mui: NH
4
NO
3
, KNO
3
, MgCl
2
, FeCl
3
, AlCl
3
. Ho cht sau y
khng nhn bit c cc dung dch mui trn l
A. NA. B. KOH. C. HCl. D. Ba.
Bi 31: C cc dung dch mui ng trong cc l ring bit b mt nhn l: Al(NO
3
)
3
,
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, NaNO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
, MgCl
2
, FeCl
2
. Ch c s dng mt dung dch cha mt
cht tan no sau y nhn bit cc dung dch mui ?
A. NaOH. B. Ba(OH)
2
. C. HCl. D. Qu tm.
Bi 32: Hin tng xy ra khi thm t t dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch FeCl
3
l
A. c bt kh si ln.
B. c kt ta mu nu .
C. c kt ta mu lc nht.
D. c kt ta mu nu ng thi bt kh si ln.
Bi 33: Cho dung dch cha a mol Ca(HCO
3
)
2
vo dung dch cha a mol Ca(HSO
4
)
2
.
Hin tng quan st c l
A. si bt kh. B. vn c.
C. si bt kh v vn c.

D. vn c, sau trong tr li.
Bi 34: Cho dung dch HCl va , dung dch AlCl
3
v kh CO
2
d ln lt vo 3 ng
nghim ng dung dch NaAlO
2
u thy
179

A. c kh thot ra. B. dung dch trong sut.
C. c kt ta trng. D. c kt ta trng sau tan dn.
Bi 35: Ba dung dch axit sau c cng nng mol: HCl, H
2
SO
4
, CH
3
COOH. Gi tr pH
ca chng tng theo th t l
A. HCl, H
2
SO
4
, CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH, HCl, H
2
SO
4
.
C. H
2
SO
4
, HCl, CH
3
COOH. D. HCl, CH
3
COOH, H
2
SO
4
.
Bi 36: Dung dch X c cha Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
, Ba
2+
, K
+
, H
+
v Cl
-
. c th thu c dung
dch ch c KCl t dung dch X, cn thm vo dung dch X ho cht l
A. Na
2
CO
3
. B. K
2
CO
3
. C. NaOH. D. AgNO
3
.
Bi 37: Cho cc dung dch c cng nng : Na
2
CO
3
(1), H
2
SO
4
(2), HCl (3), KNO
3
(4). Gi
tr pH ca cc dung dch c sp xp theo chiu tng t tri sang phi l
A. (3), (2), (4), (1). B. (4), (1), (2), (3).
C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (1).
Bi 38: C 4 dung dch u c nng mol bng nhau: HCl c pH = a ; H
2
SO
4
c pH =
b ; NH
4
Cl c pH = c v NaOH c pH = d. Kt qu no sau y l ng ?
A. a < b < c < d. B. d < c < a < b. C. c < a < d < b. D. b < a < c < d.
Bi 39: Cho 2,24 lt NO
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M c
dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. pH < 7,0. B. pH > 7,0. C. pH = 7,0. D. pH > 7,0.
Bi 40: trung ho 200 ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v KOH 0,15M cn
A. 350 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. B. 300 ml dung dch HNO
3
0,2M.
C. 250 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M. D. 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M.
Bi 41: Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,15M cn trung ho 100 ml dung dch hn hp
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M l
A. 100 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 150 ml.

D. 250 ml.
Bi 42: Cho mt dung dch A ca 2 axit trong nc: H
2
SO
4
xM v HCl 0,04M. dung
dch A c pH = 1 th gi tr ca x l
A. 0,03. B. 0,06. C. 0,04. D. 0,05.
Bi 43: Ho tan m gam Ba vo nc thu c thu c 1,5 lt dung dch c pH = 13. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 20,55. B. 205,5. C. 2,055. D. 10,275.
Bi 44: Ho tan 25 gam tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O vo nc ct c 500 ml dung dch Z. Gi
tr gn ng pH v nng mol ca dung dch Z l
A. pH = 7 ; [CuSO
4
] = 0,2M. B. pH < 7 ; [CuSO
4
] = 0,2M.
C. pH < 7 ; [CuSO
4
] = 0,3125M. D. pH > 7 ; [CuSO
4
] = 0,3125M.
Bi 45: Cho 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,75M vo V ml dung dch cha ng thi KOH 0,04M
v Ba(OH)
2
0,08M, thu c dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca V l
A. 160. B. 60. C. 150. D. 140.
Bi 46: Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08M v H
2
SO
4
0,01M vi 250 ml dung
180

dch NaOH a mol/l c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,1. B. 0,12. C. 0,15.

D. 0,08.
Bi 47: Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO
3
vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH
nng a mol/l thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,15. B. 0,30. C. 0,03. D. 0,12.
Bi 48: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H
2
SO
4
0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung
dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c
pH l
A. 13,0. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 12,8.
Bi 49: Trn 200 ml dung dch gm HCl 0,1M v H
2
SO
4
0,05M vi 300 ml dung dch
Ba(OH)
2
c nng a mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 13. Gi
tr ca a v m ln lt l
A. 0,02 ; 3,495. B. 0,12 ; 3,495. C. 0,12 ; 1,165. D. 0,15 ; 2,33.
Bi 50: Trn 3 dung dch H
2
SO
4

0,1M, HNO
3

0,2M, HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng nhau
thu c dung dch A. Ly 300 ml dung dch A cho phn ng vi V lt dung dch B gm
NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29M thu c dung dch C c pH = 2. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,414. B. 0,134. C. 0,424. D. 0,214.
Bi 51: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng
kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 1,2. B. 0,6. C. 1,8. D. 2,0.
Bi 52: Cho a gam Na vo 200 gam dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
nng 1,71%. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,78 gam kt ta. Gi tr nh nht ca a l
A. 1,38. B. 1,61. C. 0,69. D. 0,46.
Bi 53: Trn 20 ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M vi V ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,8M thu c
dung dch X. Dung dch X ho tan va ht 1,08 gam Al. Gi tr ca V l
A. 5 B. 10 C. 12,5 D. 15
Bi 54: Thm m gam kali vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c kt ta Y.
thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l
A. 1,59. B. 1,17. C. 1,71. D. 1,95.
Bi 55: Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH
3
COOH 0,1M v CH
3
COONa 0,1M. Bit
25
o
C,
a
K ca CH
3
COOH l 1,75.
5
10

v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung

dch X 25
o
C l
A. 1,00. B. 4,24. C. 2,88. D. 4,76.
Bi 56: Cho dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaHCO
3
tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2

d. Sau khi
kt thc phn ng, khi lng kt ta BaCO
3
thu c l
A. 39,1 gam. B. 19,7 gam. C. 39,4 gam. D. 38,9 gam.
Bi 57: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh t t tng git
cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc).
181

Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 3,36. C. 2,24. D. 1,12.
Bi 58: Rt 1 lt dung dch A cha NaCl 0,3M v (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
0,25M vo 2 lt dung dch B
cha NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, khi lng c hai dung
dch gim l
A. 47,5 gam. B. 47,2 gam. C. 47,9 gam. D. 47,0 gam.
Bi 59: Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol
2
Cu
+
, 0,03 mol K
+
, x mol Cl

v y mol
2
4
SO

. Tng khi
lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,02. B. 0,05 v 0,01. C. 0,01 v 0,03. D. 0,02 v 0,05.
Bi 60: Cho dung dch Z cha cc ion
+ 3
Fe ,
4
NH
+
,
2
4
SO

,

Cl . Chia dung dch Z thnh hai

phn bng nhau. Phn (1) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c 1,07 gam kt
ta v 0,448 lt kh (ktc). Phn (2) tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
d, thu c 2,33 gam kt
ta. Tng khi lng ca cc cht tan trong dung dch Z l
A. 2,945 gam. B. 5,89 gam. C. 0,895 gam. D. 8,95 gam.
Bi 61. Th tch dung dch HCl 0,2M cn trung ho 1 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M l bao
nhiu ?
A. 50 ml B. 100 ml C. 500 ml D. 2000 ml
Bi 62. Dung dch thu c khi trn ln 200 ml dung dch NaCl 0,2M v 300 ml dung dch
Na
2
SO
4
0,2M c [Na
+
] l bao nhiu ?
A. 0,32M B. 1M C. 0,2M D. 0,1M
Bi 63. Dung dch thu c khi trn ln 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M vi
200 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,05M c pH l bao nhiu ?
A. 7 B. 12 C. 13 D. 1.
Bi 64. C 10 ml dung dch HCl pH = 3. Thm vo x ml nc ct v khuy u, thu
c dung dch c pH = 4. x c gi tr l
A. 10 ml B. 90 ml C. 100 ml D. 40 ml
Bi 65. Dung dch X cha a mol Na
+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl

, d mol
2
4
SO . Biu thc no
sau y ng ?
A. a + 2b = c 2d B. a + 2b = c + d
C. a + 2b = c + 2d D. a + 2b = c - d
Bi 66. Ho tan 80 gam CuSO
4
vo mt lng nc va c 500 ml dung dch. Th
tch dung dch KOH 1M lm kt ta ht ion Cu
2+
l
A. 2 lt B. 1 lt C. 0,5 lt D. 1,5 lt
Bi 67. C 4 l ng 4 dung dch Al(NO
3
)
3
; NaNO
3
; Na
2
CO
3
; NH
4
NO
3
. Nu ch dng 1
thuc th th c th dng cht no sau y nhn bit 4 l trn ?
A. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
B. Dung dch NaCl
C. Dung dch K
2
SO
4
D. CaCO
3

Bi 68. Dung dch X gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M. Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M
cn trung ho ht 100 ml dung dch X l bao nhiu ?
182

A. 100 ml B. 50 ml C. 150 ml D. 200 ml
Bi 69. Trong cc cp cht sau y, cp no tn ti trong cng mt dung dch ?
A. AlCl
3
v Na
2
CO
3
B. HNO
3
v NaHCO
3

C. Na
2
CO
3
v KOH D. NaCl v AgNO
3

Bi 70. Bnh au d dy l do lng axit HCl trong d dy qu cao. gim bt lng
axit khi b au, ngi ta thng dng cht no sau y ?
A. Mui n (NaCl) B. Thuc mui (NaHCO
3
)
C. vi (CaCO
3
) D. Cht khc
Bi 71. Phn ng no sau y xy ra c trong dung dch ?
A. NaHSO
4
+ NaOH B. NaNO
3
+ CuSO
4

C. CuSO
4
+ HNO
3
D. KNO
3
+ Na
2
SO
4

Bi 72. Nhng ion no sau y cng c mt trong mt dung dch ?
A. Mg
2+
, SO
2
4

, Cl

, Ba
2+
B. H
+
, Cl

, Na
+
, Al
3+
C. S
2
, Fe
2+
, Cu
2+
, Cl

D. Fe
3+
, OH

, Na
+
, Ba
2+

Bi 73. T cc ion Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, SO
2
4

, Cl

c th to c bao nhiu dung dch trong sut

cha mt cation v mt anion ?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Bi 74. Dung dch ca cc mui no sau y c tnh axit ?
A. NaCl, K
2
SO
4
, Na
2
CO
3

B. ZnCl
2
, NH
4
Cl, CH
3
COONa
C. ZnCl
2
, NH
4
Cl
D. Na
2
CO
3
, CH
3
COONH
4

Bi 75. Dung dch cc mui no sau y c tnh baz ?
A. Na
2
CO
3
, K
2
S, CH
3
COONa B. Na
2
CO
3
, NaNO
3

C. NaCl, K
2
SO
4
, K
2
S D. CH
3
COONa, K
2
S, K
2
SO
4

Bi 76. Cho cc ion sau : a. PO
3
4

; b. CO
2
3

;

c. HSO
3

; D. HCO
3

; e. HPO
2
3

Theo Bronstet, ion no l lng tnh ?

A. a, b, c B. b, c, d C. c, d, e D. b, c, e
Bi 77. Trong cc cp cht sau y, cp cht no cng tn ti trong dung dch ?
A. HCl v NaAlO
2
B. KOH v NaHCO
3

C. NaAlO
2
v KOH D. NaAlO
2
v NH
4
Cl
Bi 78. Trong cc dung dch sau : K
2
CO
3
, KCl, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl, NaHSO
4
, Na
2
S, c
bao nhiu dung dch c pH > 7 ?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Bi 79. Phng trnh ion thu gn : H
+
+ OH

H
2
O biu din bn cht ca phn ng
ho hc no sau y ?
A. HCl + NaOH H
2
O + NaCl
183

B. NaOH + NaHCO
3
H
2
O + Na
2
CO
3

C. H
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
2HCl + BaSO
4

D. C A v B
Bi 80. C 4 l ng 4 dung dch mt nhn l AlCl
3
, NaNO
3
, K
2
CO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
. Nu ch
c php dng mt thuc th nhn bit th c th chn cht no trong cc cht sau?
A. Dung dch NaOH
B. Dung dch H
2
S
C. Dung dch Ba(OH)
2

D. Dung dch NaOH hoc Ba(OH)
2

Bi 81. Cc cht trong dy no sau y va tc dng vi dung dch kim mnh, va tc
dng vi dung dch axit mnh ?
A. Al(OH)
3
, (NH
2
)
2
CO, NH
4
Cl
B. NaHCO
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4

C. Ba(OH)
2
, AlCl
3
, ZnO
D. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, FeO, KOH
Bi 82. Cho dung dch cha cc ion : Na
+
, Ca
2+
, H
+
, Cl

, Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
. Nu khng a ion l
vo dung dch th c th dng cht no sau y tch nhiu ion nht ra khi dung
dch ?
A. Dung dch Na
2
SO
4
va
B. Dung dch KHCO
3
va
C. Dung dch NaOH va
D. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
va
Bi 83. Cho dung dch cha m gam NaOH vo dung dch cha m gam HCl.
Dung dch sau phn ng c mi trng :
A. axit B. baz
C. lng tnh. D. trung tnh
Bi 84. Dung dch cha ion H
+
c phn ng vi dung dch cha cc ion hay cc cht rn
no sau y ?
A. OH

, CO
2
3

, Na
+
, CaCO
3

B. HCO
3

, HSO
3

, CuO, FeO
C. Ca
2+
, CuO, Fe(OH)
2
, OH

, CO
2
3


D. SO
2
4
, Mg
2+
, NO
3

, HPO
2
4

Bi 85. Phng trnh no sau y chng t nc l mt cht lng tnh ?
A. H
2
O + NH
3
NH
4
+
+ OH

B. H
2
O + HCO
3

H
2
CO
3
+ OH

C. H
2
O + H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ OH

D. H
2
O

+ H
2
PO

4
HPO
2
4
+ H
3
O
+
184

Bi 86. C 5 dung dch ca cc cht sau : H
2
SO
4
, HCl, NaOH, KCl v BaCl
2
. Ch dng qu
tm lm thuc th c th nhn bit c cc cht
A. NaOH, HCl, H
2
SO
4
B. H
2
SO
4
, NaOH, BaCl
2

C. NaOH, KCl v BaCl
2
D. Tt c cc cht
Bi 87. Cc ion no sau y cng tn ti trong mt dung dch ?
A. Na
+
, Br

, SO
2
4
, Mg
2+
B. Al
3+
, Cl

, K
+
, PO
3
4

C. Zn
2+
, S
2
, Fe
2+
, NO
3

D. NH
4
+
, SO
2
4
, Ba
2+
, Cl

Bi 88. Dung dch HCl pH = 3 th c nng ion H
+
l
A. 0,1M B. 0,01M
C. 0,001M D. 0,0001M
Bi 89. Dn 4,48 lt kh HCl (ktc) vo 2 lt nc. Gi s th tch dung dch khng thay i
th dung dch thu c c pH l
A. 2 B. 1,5 C. 1 D. 3
Bi 90. Ion no sau y c th va l axit, va l baz theo quan im ca Bronstet ?
A. HCO
3

B. SO
2
4

C. CN

D. NO
3

Bi 91. 10 ml dung dch KOH vo 15 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M, dung dch vn d axit.
Thm 3ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo th dung dch trung ho. Nng mol ca dung
dch KOH cho l
A. 1,2M B. 0,6M C. 0,75M D. 0,9M
Bi 92. Cho 3 dung dch cha cc ion sau : Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, Na
+
, CO
2
3
, SO
2
4
, NO

3
. Mi dung
dch ch cha mt mui (1 loi cation v 1 loi anion).
Vy 3 dung dch mui l
A. MgCO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, Ba(NO
3
)
2
B. NaNO
3
, BaCO
3
, MgSO
4

C. Ba(NO
3
)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, MgSO
4
D. Mg(NO
3
)
2
, BaCO
3
, Na
2
SO
4

Bi 93. Trn ln 15 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 10 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
1,5M th dung
dch thu c
A. trung ho B. d kim
C. d axit D. khng xc nh c v thiu d kin
Bi 94. Trn ln 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,2M vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M c dung
dch X. pH ca dung dch X l
A. 2 B. 12 C. 7 D. 13
Bi 95. Hin tng xy ra khi thm t t dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch mui FeCl
3
l
A. c kt ta mu nu B. c bt kh
C. c kt ta mu lc nht D. c kt ta mu nu v bt kh
Bi 96. Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 300 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Dung dch mi c
nng mol l
A. 1,5M B. 1,2M C. 1,6M D. 0,15M
185

Bi 97. Cho V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton bi 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,015M thu
c 19,7 gam BaCO
3
kt ta. V c gi tr l
A. 0,224 lt B. 1,12 lt
C. 0,448 lt D. 0,224 lt hoc 1,12 lt
Bi 98. Cho 200 ml dung dch KOH vo 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1M thu c 7,8 gam kt
ta keo. Nng mol ca dung dch KOH l
A. 1,5 mol/l B. 3,5 mol/l
C. 1,5 mol/l hoc 3,5 mol/l D. 2 mol/l hoc 3 mol/l
Bi 99. Trn ln 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vi 50 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
1M th nng
mol ca mui trong dung dch thu c l
A. 0,33M B. 0,66M C. 0,44M D. 1,1M
Bi 100. Trn 20 ml dung dch HCl 0,05M vi 20 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,075M. Nu coi
th tch sau khi trn bng tng th tch ca hai dung dch u th pH ca dung dch
thu c l
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1,5
186








Bi 1: Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ns
2
np
5
l cu hnh ca cc nguyn t thuc
A. nhm halogen. B. nhm nit. C. nhm cacbon. D. nhm oxi.
Bi 2: Lin kt trong phn t ca cc n cht halogen l
A. lin kt cng ho tr c cc. B. lin kt cng ho tr khng c cc.
C. lin kt ion. D. lin kt cho - nhn.
Bi 3: c im no di y l c im chung ca cc nguyn t halogen ?
A. iu kin thng l cht kh.
B. Tc dng mnh vi nc.
C. C tnh oxi ho mnh.
D. Va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh.
Bi 4: Cht dng lm kh kh Cl
2
m l
A. Na
2
SO
3
khan. B. dung dch NaOH c.
C. dung dch H
2
SO
4
m C. D. CaO.
Bi 5: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch
A. in phn nng chy NaCl.
B. cho dung dch HCl c tc dng vi MnO
2
, un nng.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn.
D. cho F
2
y Cl
2
ra khi dung dch NaCl.
Bi 6: Phn ng no sau y dng iu ch kh hiro clorua trong phng th nghim ?
A. Cl
2
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ 2HCl.
B. Cl
2
+ H
2
O HCl + HClO.
C. Cl
2
+ H
2

as
2HCl.
D. NaCl (rn) + H
2
SO
4
(c)

o
t

HCl + NaHSO
4
.
Bi 7: Cho cc phn ng:
(a) 4HCl + PbO
2
PbCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
(b) HCl + NH
4
HCO
3 NH
4
Cl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
(c) 2HCl + 2HNO
3 2NO
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
(d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl
2
+ H
2
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l
Chuyn 4
PHI KIM
187

A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
Bi 8: dung dch AgNO
3
ln lt vo 4 dung dch: NaF, NaCl, NaBr v NaI. S dung
dch to c kt ta l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1.
Bi 9: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng ?
A. Axit HF c th tc dng vi SiO
2
.
B. Tt c hiro halogenua u l cht kh iu kin thng.
C. Tt c cc mui bc halogenua u khng tan trong nc.
D. Cc halogen t F
2
n I
2
tc dng vi hu ht cc kim loi.
Bi 10: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl
2
c mui X ; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung
dch HCl c mui Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c
mui Y. Kim loi M c th l
A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Al. D. Fe.
Bi 11: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl
2
, KMnO
4
, K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, MnO
2
ln lt phn ng
vi lng d dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl
2
nhiu nht l
A. KMnO
4
. B. MnO
2
. C. CaOCl
2
. D. K
2
Cr
2
O
7
.
Bi 12: a mol cht no sau y khi tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl c thu c lng kh
clo nhiu nht ?
A. CaOCl
2
. B. KClO
3
. C. MnO
2
. D. KMnO
4
.
Bi 13: Cho s sau:
Ca(OH)
2


(5)
(B)
(4)
(A)
(1)
Cl
2
(2)
(C)
(3)
KClO
4

Cc cht A, B, C ln lt l
A. CaOCl
2
, CaCl
2
, KClO
3
.

B. K, Ca(ClO)
2
, KOH.
C. KOH, CaCO
3
, HCl. D. KCl, KOH, HCl.
Bi 14: Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100
o
C. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l
A. 0,24M. B. 0,48M. C. 0,4M. D. 0,2M.
Bi 15: Khi cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 100 ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch c
cha 6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol ca HCl trong dung dch dng l
A. 0,75M. B. 1M. C. 0,25M. D. 0,5M.
Bi 16: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe
2
O
3
(trong
s mol FeO bng s mol Fe
2
O
3
), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23. B. 0,18. C. 0,08. D. 0,16.
Bi 17: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng
hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung
dch HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l
A. 57 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
188

Bi 18: Cho 70 gam mui halogenua ca kim loi M (MX
n
) tc dng va vi 700 ml
dung dch AgNO
3
1M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c 131,6 gam kt ta. Cng thc
MX
n
l
A. CaBr
2
. B. CaCl
2
. C. BaCl
2
. D. MgBr
2
.
Bi 19: Ho tan m gam hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M (ho tr khng i) trong dung
dch HCl va thu c 1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 1,32. B. 1,3. C. 1,4. D. 1,38.
Bi 20: Ho tan 2 gam st oxit cn 26,07 ml dung dch HCl 10% (D = 1,05 g/ml). Cng thc
oxit st l
A. FeO. B. Fe
3
O
4
.
C. Fe
2
O
3
. D. FeO hoc Fe
3
O
4
.
Bi 21: Cho hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d thu c kt
ta c khi lng ng bng khi lng AgNO
3
phn ng. Thnh phn % khi lng
NaBr trong hn hp u l
A. 43,23%. B. 27,84%. C. 72,16%. D. 56.77%.
Bi 22: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai
nguyn t c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t Z
X
< Z
Y
) vo dung dch AgNO
3

(d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca
NaX trong hn hp ban u l
A. 58,2%. B. 41,8%. C. 52,8%. D. 47,2%.
Bi 23: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch
A. in phn nc. B. nhit phn Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
C. nhit phn KClO
3
c xc tc MnO
2
. D. chng ct phn on khng kh lng.
Bi 24: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon ?
A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n. B. Cha su rng.
C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim. D. St trng nc sinh hot.
Bi 25: phn bit CO
2
v SO
2
ch cn dng thuc th l
A. nc brom. B. CaO.
C. dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. D. dung dch NaOH.
Bi 26: Cho s phn ng ho hc: H
2
S + O
2
(d)


o
t
X + H
2
O
Cht X c th l
A. SO
2
. B. S. C. SO
3
. D. S hoc SO
2
.
Bi 27: SO
2
lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi
A. H
2
S, O
2
, nc Br
2
.
B. dung dch NaOH, O
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
.
C. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br
2
.
D. O
2
, nc Br
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
.
Bi 28: Cho cc s phn ng:
189

(1) A + B MgSO
4
+ C|+ H
2
O ; (2) C + O
2

o
xt, t
D
(3) D + H
2
O B ; (4) A + HCl E + F|
A, C l cc cht no trong cc cht sau ?
A. MgSO
3

, SO
2
. B. MgCO
3

, CO
2
.


C. Mg, SO
2
. D. C A, C u ng.
Bi 29: Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 3O
2
+ 2H
2
S
o
t
2H
2
O + 2SO
2
.
B. FeCl
2
+ H
2
S FeS + 2HCl.
C. O
3
+ 2KI + H
2
O 2KOH + I
2
+ O
2
.
D. Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O.
Bi 30: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc ?
A. Sc kh Cl
2
vo dung dch FeCl
2
.
B. Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch CuCl
2
.
C. Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch FeCl
2
.
D. Cho Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, ngui.
Bi 31: C cc th nghim sau: (I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, ngui ; (II)
Sc kh SO
2
vo nc brom ; (III) Sc kh CO
2
vo nc Gia-ven ; (IV) Nhng l nhm
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, ngui. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 32: Ho tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va
dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dung dch cha m gam
mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,52. B. 10,27. C. 8,98. D. 7,25.
Bi 33: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch
H
2
SO
4
10%, thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn
ng l
A. 101,68 gam. B. 88,20 gam. C. 101,48 gam. D. 97,80 gam.
Bi 34: t chy hon ton 2,04 gam hp cht Z cn dng va V lt O
2
, thu c 1,08
gam H
2
O

v 1,344 lt SO
2
. Bit th tch cc kh o ktc. Cng thc phn t ca Z v gi
tr V l
A. H
2
SO
3
; 2,24. B. H
2
S ; 2,016. C. H
2
SO
3
; 2,016. D. H
2
S

; 3,36.
Bi 35: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr 2 khng i trong hp cht)
trong hn hp kh Cl
2
v O
2
. Sau phn ng thu c 23,0 gam cht rn v th tch hn
hp kh phn ng l 5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg. B. CA. C. Be. D. Cu.
Bi 36: T 1,6 tn qung pirit st c cha 60% FeS
2
c th sn xut c x tn axit H
2
SO
4
,

bit hiu sut ca qu trnh sn xut l 80%. Gi tr x l
A. 1,568. B. 1,2544. C. 2,090. D. 1,865.
190

Bi 37: Sau khi em ho tan 41,8 gam oleum vo nc phi dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH
2M mi trung ho ht dung dch to thnh. Cng thc oleum l
A. H
2
SO
4
.SO
3
. B. H
2
SO
4
.4SO
3
. C. H
2
SO
4
.3SO
3
. D. H
2
SO
4
.2SO
3
.
Bi 38: Trong cng nghip, iu ch N
2
t
A. NH
3
. B. HNO
3
. C. khng kh lng. D. NH
4
NO
2
.
Bi 39: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(1) Cu(NO
3
)
2
o
t

(2) NH
4
NO
2

o
t

(3) NH
3
+ O
2

o
850 C, Pt
(4) NH
3
+ Cl
2

o
t

(5) NH
4
Cl
o
t
(6) NH
3
+ CuO
o
t

Cc phn ng u to kh N
2
l
A. (2), (4), (6). B. (3), (5), (6). C. (1), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (5).
Bi 40: phn ng ho hc no sau y, NH
3
ng vai tr cht b kh ?
A. 2NH
3
+ 3Cl
2
N
2
+ 6HCl.
B. 2NH
3
+ 2Na 2NaNH
2
+ H
2
.
C. 4NH
3
+ 5O
2

o
t , xt
4NO + 6H
2
O.
D. 2NH
3
+ H
2
O
2
+ MnSO
4
MnO
2
+ (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.
Bi 41: Dung dch amoniac cha cc cht v ion l
A.
4
NH
+
, NH
3
. B.
4
NH
+
, OH

.
C. NH
3
,
4
NH
+
, OH

. D. NH
3
.
Bi 42: Khi t chy kh NH
3
trong kh Cl
2
, to ra ngn la c khi trng. Khi trng
l
A. HCl. B. N
2
. C. NH
4
Cl. D. NO.
Bi 43: Khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
, hp cht ca nit no sau y
khng c to ra ?
A. NO
2
. B. N
2
O
5
. C. NO. D. NH
4
NO
3
.
Bi 44: Phn ng ca FeCO
3
vi HNO
3
c to ra sn phm kh l
A. NO. B. CO
2
. C. NO v CO
2
. D. CO
2
v NO
2
.
Bi 45: Nhm kim loi khng tc dng c vi dung dch HNO
3
c ngui l
A. Fe, Cr, Al. B. Cr, Pb, Mn. C. Al, Ag, Pb. D. Ag, Pt, Au.
Bi 46: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO
3
long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton,
thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. B. HNO
3
. C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
. D. Fe(NO
3
)
3
.
Bi 47: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch HNO
3
t
A. NaNO
2
v H
2
SO
4
C. B. NaNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c.
C. NH
3
v O
2
. D. NaNO
3
v HCl c.
Bi 48: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H
2
SO
4
long v NaNO
3
. Vai tr ca
191

NaNO
3
trong phn ng l
A. cht xc tc. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht kh.
Bi 49: nhn bit ba axit c, ngui: HCl, H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
ng ring bit trong ba l b
mt nhn, ta dng thuc th l
A. Fe. B. CuO. C. Al. D. Cu.
Bi 50: Dy gm cc mui khi nhit phn u thu c kh NO
2
l
A. KNO
3
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, AgNO
3
. B. NH
4
NO
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
.
C. AgNO
3
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Pb(NO
3
)
2
. D. Cu(NO
3
)
2
, Al(NO
3
)
3
, NH
4
NO
3
.
Bi 51: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO
3
(xc tc MnO
2
), KMnO
4
,
KNO
3
v AgNO
3
. Cht to ra lng O
2
ln nht l
A. KClO
3
. B. KMnO
4
. C. KNO
3
. D. AgNO
3
.
Bi 52: Cho cc phn ng:
H
2
S + O
2
(d)
o
t
Kh X + H
2
O
NH
3
+ O
2

o
850 C, Pt
Kh Y + H
2
O
NH
4
HCO
3
+ HCl long Kh Z + NH
4
Cl + H
2
O
Cc kh X, Y, Z thu c trong cc phn ng trn ln lt l
A. SO
3
, NO, NH
3
. B. SO
2
, N
2
, NH
3
.
C. SO
2
, NO, CO
2
. D. SO
3
, N
2
, CO
2
.
Bi 53: Cc kh c th cng tn ti trong mt hn hp l
A. NH
3
v HCl. B. H
2
S v Cl
2
. C. Cl
2
v O
2
. D. HI v O
3
.
Bi 54: Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l
A. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
. B. NH
4
H
2
PO
4
. C. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
. D. CaHPO
4
.
Bi 55: Photpho trng, photpho en, photpho l nhng dng n cht khc nhau ca
photpho. Chng c gi l
A. cc ng v. B. cc dng th hnh.
C. cc ng phn. D. cc ng khi.
Bi 56: Phn ln c nh gi bng hm lng % ca
A. P. B. H
3
PO
4
. C. P
2
O
5
. D.
3
4
PO

.
Bi 57: Phn bn nitrophotka (NPK) l hn hp ca
A. (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
v KNO
3
. B. NH
4
H
2
PO
4
v KNO
3
.
C. (NH
4
)
3
PO
4
v KNO
3
. D. (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
v NaNO
3
.
Bi 58: Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A. Phn ln cung cp nit ho hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat v ion amoni.
B. Amophot l hn hp cc mui (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
v KNO
3
.
C. Phn hn hp cha nit, photpho, kali c gi chung l phn NPK.
D. Phn ur c cng thc l (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
.
Bi 59: Cho Cu v dung dch H
2
SO
4
long tc dng vi cht X (mt loi phn bn ho
192

hc), thy thot ra kh khng mu ho nu trong khng kh. Mt khc, khi X tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH th c kh mi khai thot ra. Cht X l
A. amophot. B. ur. C. natri nitrat. D. amoni nitrat.
Bi 60: Cho 2 lt N
2
v 7 lt H
2
vo bnh phn ng, hn hp thu c sau phn ng c th
tch bng 8,2 lt (th tch cc kh c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hiu sut phn
ng v th tch ca NH
3
trong hn hp thu c sau phn ng l
A. 30% ; 1,2 lt. B. 20% ; 0,8 lt. C. 75% ; 3 lt. D. 40% ; 1,6 lt.
Bi 61: Th tch kh N
2
(ktc) thu c khi nhit phn 16 gam NH
4
NO
2
hiu sut 80% l
A. 5,60 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Bi 62: Cho kh NH
3
li t t vo dung dch c cha 0,35 mol CuSO
4
, thu c 29,4 gam
kt ta th NH
3
phn ng ht x mol. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,9. B. 0,6. C. 0,3. D. 0,6 hoc 0,9.
Bi 63: Ho tan Cu trong dung dch HNO
3
, thu c hn hp kh gm NO v NO
2
c t
khi hi so vi hiro l 16,6. H s t lng (s nguyn, n gin nht) ca kim loi Cu
trong phn ng chung l
A. 4. B. 10. C. 13. D. 7.
Bi 64: Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO
3
long, thu c
940,8 ml kh N
x
O
y
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H
2
bng 22. Kh
N
x
O
y
v kim loi M l
A. NO v Mg. B. NO
2
v Al. C. N
2
O v Al. D. N
2
O v Fe.
Bi 65: Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
(d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu
c khi lm bay hi dung dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.
Bi 66: Cho 12,8 gam Cu kim loi tan hon ton trong 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO
3

1M v
H
2
SO
4
0,5M (long) thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr V l
A. 1,344. B. 2,987. C. 3,36. D. 0,896.
Bi 67: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung
dch HNO
3
long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v
dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,72. B. 35,50. C. 49,09. D. 34,36.
Bi 68: Cho 18,5 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO
3

long un nng v khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO
duy nht (ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 1,46 gam kim loi. Nng mol ca dung dch
HNO
3
l
A. 4,145M. B. 4,2M. C. 2,4M. D. 3,2M.

Bi 69: Nung 34 gam AgNO
3
n khi lng khng i (phn ng xy ra hon ton). Sau
phn ng dn kh thu c sc vo 250 gam nc (D = 1 g/ml) th c dung dch A. Nng
mol dung dch A l
A. 0,7M. B. 0,6M. C. 0,8M. D. 0,5M.
193

Bi 70: Nhit phn hon ton 34,65 gam hn hp gm KNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
, thu c hn
hp kh X (t khi ca X so vi kh hiro bng 18,8). Khi lng Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong hn hp
ban u l
A. 8,60 gam. B. 20,50 gam. C. 11,28 gam. D. 9,40 gam.
Bi 71: Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
0,5M, thu c
dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht l
A. KH
2
PO
4
v K
3
PO
4
. B. KH
2
PO
4
v K
2
HPO
4
.
C. KH
2
PO
4
v H
3
PO
4
. D. K
3
PO
4
v KOH.
Bi 72: Cho 0,1 mol P
2
O
5
vo dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c c cc
cht:
A. K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
. B. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
.
C. K
3
PO
4
, KOH. D. H
3
PO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
.
Bi 73: Cho 17,04 gam P
2
O
5
tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 10% (D = 1,2 g/ml) thu c
dung dch A. Dung dch A cha cc cht l
A. NaH
2
PO
4
v Na
2
HPO
4
. B. Na
2
HPO
4
v Na
3
PO
4
.
C. NaH
2
PO
4
. D. Na
3
PO
4
v NaOH.
Bi 74: Cho s bin ho: Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
H
3
PO
4
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

iu ch c 468 kg Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
theo s bin ho trn th khi lng dung
dch H
2
SO
4
70% dng l x kg. Bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 80%. Gi tr ca x l
A. 700. B. 560. C. 490. D. 392.
Bi 75: Cht kh cacbon monooxit c trong thnh phn loi kh no sau y ?
A. Khng kh. B. Kh t nhin. C. Kh m du. D. Kh l cao.
Bi 76: Nhm cc oxit u b O
2
oxi ho l
A. SiO
2
, SO
2
. B. NO, CO. C. NO
2
, CO
2
. D. N
2
O
5
, P
2
O
5
.
Bi 77: Cht kh X tan trong nc to ra mt dung dch lm chuyn mu qu tm thnh
v c th c dng lm cht ty mu. Kh X l
A. NH
3
. B. CO
2
. C. SO
2
. D. O
3
.
Bi 78: Nguyn t X thuc nhm IVA. Hp cht ca X vi hiro v oxit cao nht ca X c
t l khi lng phn t l 8 : 15. Nguyn t X l
A. C. B. Si. C. Sn. D. Pb.
Bi 79: xc nh hm lng C trong mt mu gang, ngi ta nung 10 gam mu gang
trong O
2
d thy to ra 0,672 lt CO
2
(ktc). Hm lng C l
A. 0,36%. B. 13,2%. C. 3,6%. D. 1,32%.
Bi 80: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp
NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)
2
0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182. B. 3,940. C. 1,970. D. 2,364.
Bi 81: Sau khi ozon ho 10mol kh oxi, a nhit v trng thi trc phn ng th p
sut gim 5% so vi p sut ban u.
Thnh phn % ca ozon trong hn hp sau phn ng l
194

A. 5,78% B. 10,52%
C. 15,02% D. 20,12%
Bi 82: C cc dung dch ng ring bit: NH
4
Cl, NaOH, NaCl, H
2
SO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
,
Ba(OH)
2
. Dng mt dung dch no sau y c th nhn bit c cc dung dch trn
?
A. Dung dch phenolphtalein B. Dung dch qu tm
C. Dung dch AgNO
3
D. Dung dch BaCl
2

Bi 83: Cho 11,3 g hn hp Mg v Zn tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
2M d th thu c
6,72 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng mui khan l
A. 40,1 g B. 41,1 g
C. 41,2 g D. 14,2 g
Bi 84: Cho m gam mt hn hp Na
2
CO
3
v Na
2
SO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4

2M d c 2,24 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi i vi H
2
l 27. m c gi tr l
A. 1,16 g B. 11,6 g
C. 6,11 g D. 61,1 g
Bi 85: Ly 33,8g oleum (H
2
SO
4
.nSO
3
) pha thnh 100ml dung dch A. trung ho 50ml
dung dch A cn dng 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Gi tr ca n l
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
Bi 86 : Khi nh vi git dung dch H
2
S vo ng nghim cha dung dch FeCl
3
thy xut
hin kt ta, kt ta l
A. Fe B. FeS
C. S D. FeS v S
Bi 87: 1,792 lt hn hp X gm O
2
v Cl
2
( ktc ) tc dng va vi m gam hn hp Y
gm 2 kim loi Al, Mg thu c 6,46 gam hn hp oxit v mui clorua ca hai kim
loi. T khi hi ca hn hp X so vi H
2
l 25,75 (cho: Mg = 24, Al = 27, H = 1, O
= 16, Cl = 35,5). S gam mi kim loi Al, Mg c trong hn hp Y ln lt l
A. 1,62 g, 0,72 g. B. 0,81 g, 1,53 g.
C. 1,26 g, 1,08 g. D. 2,62 g, 3,84 g.
Bi 88: m gam hn hp hi brom v kh clo tc dng va vi hn hp c cha 0,54 gam
Al, 0,24 gam Mg, 0,8 gam Ca v thu c 9,4 gam hn hp cc mui (cho: Br = 80,
Mg = 24, Al = 27, Ca = 40, Cl = 35,5). Khi lng ca brom v clo trong m gam hn
hp trn l
A. 2,84 g ; 3,2 g. B. 6,4 g ; 1,42 g.
C. 5,69 g ; 2,13 g. D. 3,2 g ; 2,4 g.
Bi 89: Bn bnh thu tinh c th tch nh nhau cha y oxi cng iu kin. Cho ln
lt vo 4 bnh trn cc cht rn : bt than, lu hunh, photpho, bt st c cng khi
195

lng v phn ng chy xy ra hon ton. Trng hp khi cho cht no vo s lm
p sut trong bnh gim nhiu nht ?
A. Bt than B. Lu hunh
C. Bt st D. Photpho
Bi 90: Dng ho cht no c th nhn bit cc dung dch khng mu sau y:AlCl
3
;
ZnCl
2
; FeCl
3
; KCl ?
A. NH
3
B. Qu tm
C. NaOH D. Na
2
CO
3
Bi 91: Cho s phn ng sau : A + H
+
+ NO
3

Cu
2+
+ NO + H
2
O
Cht A c th l
A. Cu
2
O ; CuO B. CuO ; Cu(OH)
2

C. Cu ; Cu
2
O D. Cu ; CuS ; Cu
2
S
Bi 92: Hm lng % nit trong loi phn m no sau y l cao nht ?
A. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
B. Ca(NO
3
)
2

C. (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
D. (NH
2
)
2
CO
Bi 93: Dn 2,24 lt kh NH
3
(ktc) i qua ng ng 32 g CuO nung nng. Phn ng xy ra
hon ton, cht rn thu c cho tc dng vi HNO
3
long thu c V lt kh NO
(ktc). V c gi tr l
A. 2,24 lt B. 3.36 lt
C. 4,48 lt D. 5,6 lt
Bi 94: Cho mt mnh nhm vo dung dch HNO
3
long thu c mt dung dch khng
mu duy nht, khng thy c kh thot ra. Phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng c tng
h s cn bng ti gin l
A. 13 B. 14 C. 58 D. 64
Bi 95: Axit HNO
3
c nng phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy cht no sau y
?
A. Mg(OH)
2
; CuO ; NH
3
; Ag ; Fe(NO
3
)
2

B. Mg(OH)
2
; Al
2
O
3
; NH
3
; Cu ; Fe(NO
3
)
3

C. Ca(OH)
2
; CuS ; NH
3
; Au ; Na
2
SO
3

D. Cu(OH)
2
; CaO ; C ; (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
; SO
2
Bi 96: Mt loi phn bn amophot l hn hp mui c thnh phn : s mol NH
4
H
2
PO
4
v
(NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
l 1:1. iu ch loi phn bn ny t 6000 mol H
3
PO
4
ngi ta cn
dng lng NH
3
c th tch o ktc l
A. 201,6 m
3
B. 153 m
3
C. 20,6 m
3
D. 32,5 m
3

196

Bi 97: Khi lng NH
3
(x kg) v dung dch HNO
3
45% (y kg) iu ch 100 kg phn
m c 34% N l
A. x = 20,6 kg ; y = 76,4 kg B. x = 7,225 kg ; y = 26,775 kg
C. 20,6 kg ; y = 170 kg D. x = 7,75 kg ; y = 59,5 kg
Bi 98: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp 3 kim loi tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long, d thu
c 1,12 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 kh NO v NO
2
c t khi so vi H
2
l 21,4. Tng khi
lng mui nitrat to ra l
A. 9,56 gam B. 5,69 gam
C. 6,59 gam D. 9,65 gam
Bi 99: Cho mt lng kim loi tc dng va vi 2,2 lt HNO
3
to ra dung dch mui v
1,68 lt hn hp kh NO v N
2
O ( ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
bng 19,2. Nng ca
dung dch HNO
3
l
A. 0,034M B. 0,259M
C. 0.095M D. 0,055M
Bi 100: Nung mt hn hp mui gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
v Pb(NO
3
)
2
n khi phn ng hon ton
thy khi lng cht rn gim 64,8 gam. % khi lng NO
2
thot ra l
A. 85,19% B. 14,81%
C. 50% D. 80%
197







Bi 1: Lin kt ho hc trong kim loi ng l
A. lin kt ion.
B. lin kt kim loi.
C. lin kt cng ho tr phn cc.
D. lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc.
Bi 2: Loi lin kt c bn cht ca lc ht tnh in l
A. lin kt kim loi. B. lin kt cng ho tr.
C. lin kt ion. D. lin kt ion v lin kt kim loi.
Bi 3: Trong cc pht biu sau, pht biu no khng ng ?
A. Nguyn t kim loi d b kh.
B. Nguyn t kim loi c nng lng ion ho nh.
C. Nguyn t phi kim oxi ho kim loi thnh ion dng kim loi.
D. Kim loi cng d nhng eletron th kim loi c tnh kh cng mnh.
Bi 4: Tt c cc nguyn t chuyn tip u
A. l phi kim. B. l kim loi.
C. l cht bn dn. D. tr v mt ho hc.
Bi 5: Dy so snh tnh cht vt l ca kim loi no di y l khng ng ?
A. Kh nng dn in v nhit ca Ag > Cu > Al > Fe.
B. Nhit nng chy ca Hg < Pb < W.
C. T khi ca Os > Zn > Li.
D. Tnh cng ca Cr < Cu < Cs.
Bi 6: Nguyn tc chung c dng iu ch kim loi l
A. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht kh.
B. oxi ho ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.
C. kh ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.
D. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht oxi ho.
Bi 7: Tnh dn in v dn nhit ca hp kim km kim loi trong hn hp ban u, v c
s to thnh
A. lin kt ion. B. lin kt kim loi.
C. lin kt cng ho tr. D. lin kt cho - nhn.
Bi 8: Khi so snh tnh cht ca hp kim vi cc kim loi thnh phn, nhn xt no sau y
l ng ?
Chuyn 5
I CNG V KM LOI
198

A. Hp kim cng hn, dn in tt hn, nhit nng chy cao hn.
B. Hp kim cng hn, dn in km hn, nhit nng chy thp hn.
C. Hp kim mm hn, dn in km hn, tnh cht ho hc tng t.
D. Hp kim mm hn, dn in tt hn, hot ng ho hc cao hn.
Bi 9: kh ion
2
Cu
+
trong dung dch CuSO
4
c th dng kim loi
A. Fe. B. Na. C. K. D. Ba.
Bi 10: Kim loi M phn ng c vi: dung dch HCl, dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
, dung dch
HNO
3
(c, ngui). Kim loi M l
A. Al. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Ag.
Bi 11: Nhng kim loi no sau y c th c iu ch t oxit bng phng php nhit
luyn nh cht kh CO ?
A. Al, Fe, Cu. B. Zn, Mg, Pb. C. Ni, Cu, Ca. D. Fe, Cu, Ni.
Bi 12: Hai cht u khng kh c st oxit ( nhit cao) l
A. Al, Cu. B. Al, CO. C. CO
2
, Cu. D. H
2
, C.
Bi 13: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch
mui ca chng l
A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Mg, Zn, Cu. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Ba, Ag, Au.
Bi 14: Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php in
phn hp cht nng chy ca chng l
A. Na, Ca, Al. B. Na, Ca, Zn. C. Na, Cu, Al. D. Fe, Ca, Al.
Bi 15: Natri, canxi, nhm thng c sn xut trong cng nghip theo phng php no
sau y ?
A. in phn nng chy. B. in phn dung dch.
C. Phng php nhit luyn. D. Phng php thu luyn.
Bi 16: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catot xy ra
A. s kh ion Cl

. B. s oxi ho ion Cl

.
C. s oxi ho ion Na
+
. D. s kh ion Na
+
.
Bi 17: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
Trong phn ng trn xy ra
A. s kh
2
Fe
+
v s oxi ho Cu. B. s kh
2
Fe
+
v s kh
2
Cu
+
.
C. s oxi ho Fe v s oxi ho Cu. D. s oxi ho Fe v s kh
2
Cu
+
.
Bi 18: C th iu ch c Ag nguyn cht t dung dch AgNO
3
vi dung dch no sau
y ?
A. Fe(NO
3
)
3
. B. Fe(NO
3
)
2
. C. Al(NO
3
)
3
. D. Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
Bi 19: Trong cc phng trnh ion thu gn sau, phng trnh ion no sai ?
A. Ag +
3
Fe
+
Ag
+
+
2
Fe
+
.
B. Zn +
2
Pb
+

2
Zn
+
+ Pb.
C. Cu + 2 Ag
+

2
Cu
+
+ 2Ag. D. Fe + 2
3
Fe
+
3
2
Fe
+
.
199

Bi 20: Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit trong dy in ho,
cp Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
ng trc cp Ag
+
/Ag)
A. Ag
+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
, Fe
2+
. B. Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, Ag
+
, Fe
2+
.
C. Ag
+
, Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
2+
. D. Fe
3+
, Ag
+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
2+
.
Bi 21: Dy ion kim loi no sau y c sp xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho ?
A. Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
,

Ag
+
, Fe
2+
, Ni
2+
,

Al
3+
, Ca
2+
.
B. Al
3+
, Fe
2+
, Ca
2+
, Ni
2+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
, Cu
2+
.
C. Ca
2+
, Al
3+
, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
, Ni
2+
, Cu
2+
, Ag
+
.
D. Ag
+
, Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, Ni
2+
, Fe
2+
, Al
3+
, Ca
2+
.
Bi 22: Cho cc ion kim loi:
2
Zn
+
,
2
Sn
+
,
2
Ni
+
,
2
Fe
+
,
2
Pb
+
. Th t tnh oxi ho gim
dn l
A.
2
Pb
+
>
2
Sn
+
>
2
Fe
+
>
2
Ni
+
>
2
Zn
+
.
B.
2
Sn
+
>
2
Ni
+
>
2
Zn
+
>
2
Pb
+
>
2
Fe
+
.
C.
2
Zn
+
>
2
Sn
+
>
2
Ni
+
>
2
Fe
+
>
2
Pb
+
.
D.
2
Pb
+
>
2
Sn
+
>
2
Ni
+
>
2
Fe
+
>
2
Zn
+
.
Bi 23: Mnh khng ng l
A. Fe
2+
oxi ho c Cu.
B. Fe kh c Cu
2+
trong dung dch.
C. Fe
3+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Cu
2+
.
D. Tnh oxi ho ca cc ion tng theo th t: Fe
2+
, H
+
, Cu
2+
, Ag
+
.
Bi 24: Hai kim loi X, Y v cc dung dch mui clorua ca chng c cc phn ng ho
hc sau:
X + 2YCl
3
XCl
2
+ 2YCl
2

Y + XCl
2
YCl
2
+ X
Pht biu ng l
A. Ion
2
Y
+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion
2
X
+
.
B. Kim loi X kh c ion
2
Y
+
.
C. Kim loi X c tnh kh mnh hn kim loi Y.
D. Ion
3
Y
+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion
2
X
+
.
Bi 25: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(1) AgNO
3
+ Fe(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag+
(2) Mn + 2HCl MnCl
2
+ H
2 |

Dy gm cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho l
A. Mn
2+
, H
+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
. B. Ag
+
, Fe
3+
, H
+
, Mn
2+
.
C. Ag
+
, Mn
2+
, H
+
, Fe
3+
. D. Mn
2+
, H
+
, Ag
+
, Fe
3+
.
Bi 26: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
200

A. Cu + dung dch FeCl
3
. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl
3
. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl
2
.
Bi 27: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau: Fe
2+
/Fe ; Cu
2+
/Cu ;
Fe
3+
/ Fe
2+
. Cp cht khng phn ng vi nhau l
A. Fe v dung dch CuCl
2
. B. Fe v dung dch FeCl
3
.
C. dung dch FeCl
2
v dung dch CuCl
2
. D. Cu v dung dch FeCl
3
.
Bi 28: Cho lung kh H
2
(d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, ZnO, MgO nung
nhit cao. Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l
A. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
Bi 29: C dung dch FeSO
4
ln tp cht l CuSO
4
. Phng php n gin c th loi
c tp cht l
A. Ngm vin km vo dung dch.
B. Ngm inh st sch vo dung dch.
C. Ngm mu magie vo dung dch.
D. Cho thm st (III) sunfat vo dung dch.
Bi 30: Cho cc kim loi Al, Ag, Fe, Cu, Ni. Nhng kim loi tc dng c vi dung dch
mui
3
Fe
+
l
A. Al, Fe, Ni. B. Fe, Al, Ni, Cu. C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Ag, Fe, Cu, Ni.
Bi 31: X l kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, Y l kim loi tc dng
c vi dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
3
. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l (bit th t trong dy th in
ho: Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
ng trc Ag
+
/Ag)
A. Fe, Cu. B. Cu, Fe. C. Ag, Mg. D. Mg, Ag.
Bi 32: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc
dng c vi dung dch AgNO
3
?
A. Fe, Ni, Sn. B. Al, Fe, CuO. C. Zn, Cu, Mg. D. Hg, Na, Ca.
Bi 33: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho:
2
Mg
+
/Mg ;
2
Fe
+
/Fe ;
2
Cu
+
/Cu ;
3
Fe
+
/
2
Fe
+
; Ag
+
/Ag. Dy ch gm cc cht, ion tc dng c vi ion
3
Fe
+

trong dung dch l
A. Fe, Cu, Ag
+
. B. Mg,
2
Fe
+
, Ag. C. Mg, Cu,
2
Cu
+
. D. Mg, Fe, Cu.
Bi 34: Cho hp kim Al, Mg, Ag vo dung dch CuCl
2
. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp 3
kim loi l
A. Cu, Al, Mg. B. Ag, Mg, Cu. C. Al, Cu, Ag. D. Al, Ag, Mg.
Bi 35: Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l
A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Al, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Ag.
Bi 36: Trong s cc kim loi Mg, Fe, Cu, kim loi c th y Fe ra khi dung dch
Fe(NO
3
)
3
l
201

A. Mg. B. Mg v Cu. C. Fe v Mg. D. Cu v Fe.
Bi 37: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO
3
n khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui
trong X l
A. Fe(NO
3
)
3
v Zn(NO
3
)
2
. B. Zn(NO
3
)
2
v Fe(NO
3
)
2
.
C. AgNO
3
v Zn(NO
3
)
2
. D. Fe(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
.
Bi 38: c im chung ca n mn in ho hc v n mn ho hc l
A. c pht sinh dng in.
B. nhit cng cao th tc n mn cng nhanh.
C. u l cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh.
D. electron ca kim loi c chuyn sang mi trng tc dng.
Bi 39: Trng hp no sau y l n mn in ho hc ?
A. Thp trong khng kh m. B. Nhm b ph hu trong kh clo.
C. Km trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long. D. Natri chy trong khng kh.
Bi 40: Mt vt bng hp kim Zn-Cu trong khng kh m, vt ny b n mn in ho.
Qu trnh xy ra cc dng l
A. Cu
2
Cu
+
+ 2e. B. Zn
2
Zn
+
+ 2e
.

C. 2 H
+
+ 2e H
2
. D. 2H
2
O + 2e H
2
+ 2OH

.
Bi 41: V tu i bin (phn chm di nc) thp thng b g. C ch ca qu trnh n
mn in cc m v in cc dng ln lt l
A. Fe
2
Fe
+
+ 2e v 2H
2
O + O
2
+ 4e 4OH

.

B. Fe
3
Fe
+
+ 3e v 2 H
+

+ 2e H
2 |
.
C. Fe
2
Fe
+
+ 2e,
2
Fe
+

3
Fe
+
+ 1e v 2H
2
O + O
2
+ 4e 4OH

.

D. Fe
2
Fe
+
+ 2e,
2
Fe
+

3
Fe
+
+ 1e v

2 H
+

+ 2e H
2 |
.
Bi 42: C ba thanh kim loi l: st nguyn cht (X), km nguyn cht (Y), st ln km (Z).
Trong khng kh m th
A. thanh X d b n mn nht. B. thanh Y d b n mn nht.
C. thanh Z d b n mn nht. D. cc thanh b n mn nh nhau.
Bi 43: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau: Fe v Pb ; Fe v Zn ;
Fe v Sn ; Fe v Ni. Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi
trong Fe b ph hu trc l
A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Bi 44: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I) ; Zn-Fe (II) ; Fe-C (III) ; Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc
vi dung dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l
A. I, II v IV. B. I, II v III. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV.
Bi 45: Mt l st ang tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, nu thm vi git dung dch
CuSO
4
vo th lng bt kh H
2

A. bay ra khng i. B. khng bay ra na.
202

C. bay ra t hn. D. bay ra nhiu hn.
Bi 46: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl
2
, c) FeCl
3
, d) HCl c ln CuCl
2
.
Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in
ho hc l
A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Bi 47: Tin hnh bn th nghim sau:
- Th nghim 1: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch FeCl
3
;
- Th nghim 2: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO
4
;
- Th nghim 3: Nhng thanh Cu vo dung dch FeCl
3
;
- Th nghim 4: Cho thanh Fe tip xc vi thanh Cu ri nhng vo dung dch HCl.
S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho hc l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Bi 48: Trong pin in ho Zn-Cu, qu trnh kh trong pin l
A.
2
Zn
+
+ 2e Zn. B.
2
Cu
+
Cu + 2e.
C.
2
Cu
+
+ 2e Cu. D.
2
Zn
+
Zn + 2e.
Bi 49: Mt pin in ho c in cc Zn nhng trong dung dch ZnSO
4
v in cc Cu
nhng trong dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau mt thi gian pin phng in th khi lng
A. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u tng.
B. in cc Zn gim cn khi lng in cc Cu tng.
C. in cc Zn tng cn khi lng in cc Cu gim.
D. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u gim.
Bi 50: Cho sut in ng chun E
o
ca cc pin in ho: E
o
(Cu-X) = 0,46V ; E
o
(Y-Cu)
= 1,1V ; E
o
(Z-Cu) = 0,47V (X, Y, Z l ba kim loi). Dy cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng
dn tnh kh t tri sang phi l
A. Z, Y, Cu, X. B. X, Cu, Z, Y. C. Y, Z, Cu, X. D. X, Cu, Y, Z.
Bi 51: Cho bit phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra trong pin in ho Fe-Cu:
Fe +
2
Cu
+

2
Fe
+
+ Cu ;
2
o
Fe Fe
E
+
= 0,44V,
2
o
Cu Cu
E
+
= + 0,34V.
Sut in ng chun ca pin in ho Fe-Cu l
A. 1,66V. B. 0,10V. C. 0,78V. D. 0,92V.
Bi 52: Cho sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ho: Zn-Cu l 1,1V ; Cu-Ag l 0,46V.
Bit th in cc chun
o
Ag Ag
E
+
= +0,8V. Th in cc chun
2
o
Zn Zn
E
+
v
2
o
Cu Cu
E
+
c gi
tr ln lt l
A. 0,76V v +0,34V. B. 1,46V v 0,34V.
C. +1,56V v +0,64V. D. 1,56V v +0,64V.


203

Bi 53: Cho cc th in cc chun:
3
o
Al Al
E
+
= 1, 66 V ;
2
o
Zn Zn
E
+
= 0, 76 V ;
2
o
Pb Pb
E
+
= 0,13 V ;
2
o
Cu Cu
E
+
= +0,34V. Trong cc pin sau y, pin no c sut in ng
chun ln nht ?
A. Pin Zn-Cu. B. Pin Zn-Pb. C. Pin Al-Zn. D. Pin Pb-Cu.
Bi 54: Khi in phn dung dch mui trong nc, tr s pH khu vc gn mt in cc
tng ln. Dung dch mui em in phn l
A. K
2
SO
4
. B. NaCl. C. CuSO
4
. D. AgNO
3
.
Bi 55: in phn dung dch cha x mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
v y mol KCl (vi in cc tr, c
mng ngn xp). Bit ion

3
NO

khng b in phn trong dung dch. dung dch sau in
phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca x v y l
A. y = 2x. B. y < 2x. C. y > 2x. D. 2y = x.
Bi 56: in phn hon ton dung dch hn hp CuSO
4

v NaCl (in cc tr), trong
nng mol ca hai mui bng nhau. Nu thm vi git qu tm vo dung dch sau khi
in phn th mu ca dung dch thay i nh th no ?
A. Dung dch c mu tm. B. Dung dch c mu xanh.
C. Dung dch c mu . D. Dung dch khng i mu.
Bi 57: in phn mt dung dch mui MCl
n
vi in cc tr. Khi catot thu c 16 gam
kim loi M, anot thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg. B. Ca. C. Cu. D. Fe.
Bi 58: in phn dung dch CuCl
2
vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam
Cu catot v mt lng kh X anot. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200 ml
dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi
thit th tch dung dch khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l
A. 0,15M. B. 0,2M. C. 0,1M. D. 0,05M.
Bi 59: Khi ho tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)
2
bng mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
20%
thu c dung dch mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l
A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.
Bi 60: Ngm mt l Cu trong dung dch AgNO
3
, sau mt thi gian phn ng ngi ta ly
l Cu ra khi dung dch nhn thy khi lng l Cu tng thm 1,52 gam. Khi lng Ag
bm trn l Cu l
A. 1,08 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 2,16 gam. D. 1,62 gam.
Bi 61: Ngm mt l Zn trong dung dch c ho tan 8,32 gam CdSO
4
. Sau khi phn ng
xong, ly l Zn ra khi dung dch, ra sch, lm kh nhn thy khi lng l Zn tng ln
2,35% so vi l Zn trc phn ng. Khi lng l Zn trc khi tham gia phn ng l
A. 80 gam. B. 125 gam. C. 65 gam. D. 48,75 gam.
Bi 62: Nhng mt l kim loi M (ch c ho tr 2 trong hp cht) c khi lng 50 gam
vo 200 ml dung dch AgNO
3
1M cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Lc dung dch,
em c cn thu c 18,8 gam mui khan. Kim loi M l
204

A. Fe. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Zn.
Bi 63: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau khi kt thc
cc phn ng, lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn trm theo
khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban u l
A. 90,28%. B. 85,30%. C. 82,20%. D. 12,67%.
Bi 64: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,2M v AgNO
3
0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c
101,72 gam (gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st
phn ng l
A. 1,40 gam. B. 2,16 gam. C. 0,84 gam. D. 1,72 gam.
Bi 65: Nhng mt thanh Zn vo 2 lt dung dch cha AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
c s mol
bng nhau, cho n khi hai mui trong dung dch phn ng ht th thu c dung dch A.
Ly thanh Zn em cn li, thy khi lng tng 14,9 gam so vi ban u. Nng mol
ca dung dch A l
A. 0,1M. B. 0,175M. C. 0,15M. D. 0,2M.
Bi 66: Ly hai thanh kim loi M ho tr 2 c khi lng bng nhau. Thanh th nht nhng
vo dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
v thanh th hai nhng vo dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
. Sau mt thi
gian khi lng thanh th nht gim 0,2% v khi lng thanh th hai tng 28,4% so vi
ban u. S mol ca Cu(NO
3
)
2
v Pb(NO
3
)
2
trong hai dung dch u gim nh nhau. Kim
loi M l
A. Fe. B. Mg. C. Zn. D. Sn.
Bi 67: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol
2
Cu
+
v 1
mol Ag
+
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim
loi. Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn ?
A. 1,8. B. 1,5. C. 1,2. D. 2,0.
Bi 68: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl
2
1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO
3
2M, thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 34,44. B. 47,4. C. 30,18. D. 12,96.
Bi 69: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO
3
1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 59,4. B. 64,8. C. 32,4. D. 54,0.
Bi 70: Cho Al vo 200 ml dung dch cha HCl 0,8M v FeCl
3
0,8M, sau khi phn ng
xong thu c 1,344 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Tng khi lng mui trong dung dch thu c l
A. 26,7 gam. B. 32,78 gam. C. 28,48 gam. D. 12,46 gam.
Bi 71: bo v ni hi bng thp, ngi ta thng lt di y ni nhng tm kim loi
hoc hp kim lm bng kim loi no sau y ?
A. Zn B. Cu
C. Thp khng g D. Pb
Bi 72: Trng hp no sau y l bo v n mn bng phng php in ho ?
205

A. Ph sn epoxi ln cc dy dn bng ng.
B. Ph thic ln b mt thanh st trong khng kh.
C. Ph mt lp du m ln cc chi tit my bng kim loi.
D. Gn cc thanh Zn ln chn cu bng thp ngm di nc.
Bi 73: Cun mt si dy thp vo mt thanh kim loi ri nhng vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long. Quan st thy bt kh thot ra rt mnh t si dy thp. Thanh kim loi c th
l kim loi no trong s kim loi sau ?
A. Mg B. Sn C. Cu D. Pt
Bi 74: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr v mng ngn xp th dung dch thu
c c :
A. pH = 7 B. pH > 7 C. pH < 7 D. pH = 5
Bi 75: Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A. n mn in ho hc ph thuc vo nhit , nhit cng cao tc n mn
cng nhanh.
B. n mn ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho kim loi pht sinh dng in.
C. n mn in ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho kim loi pht sinh dng in mt chiu.
D. Kim loi tinh khit s khng b n mn ho hc v n mn in ho hc.
Bi 76: Pht biu no sau y l ng v bn cht ca qu trnh n mn in ho hc ?
A. Kim loi c tnh kh yu ng vai tr in cc dng v b kh.
B. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh ng vai tr in cc dng v b oxi ho.
C. Kim loi c tnh kh yu ng vai tr in cc dng v b oxi ho.
D. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh ng vai tr in cc m v b oxi ho.
Bi 77: Qu trnh no sau y l n mn in ho hc ?
A. St chy trong kh clo.
B. Gang, thp lu ngy ngoi khng kh m.
C. Vt bng km ngm trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long.
D. Thp tip xc vi hi nc nhit cao.
Bi 78: Hai si dy ni vi nhau t ngoi khng kh m. Mi ni gia hai si dy bng
kim loi no sau y chng b t nht ?
A. Cu-Cu B. Al-Cu
C. Fe-Cu D. Zn-Cu
Bi 79: C 1 si dy phi qun o c ni bi 3 on dy kim loi (theo th t) l nhm,
ng v thp. Sau mt thi gian, ti cc ch ni thy c hin tng:
A. nhm v thp b t. B. nhm v ng b t.
C. thp v ng b t. D. nhm, thp v ng b t.
Bi 80: iu no l ng trong cc iu sau ?
A. Khi in phn dung dch NaCl th pH ca dung dch gim dn.
206

B. Khi in phn dung dch cha hn hp CuSO
4
v NaCl th pH ca dung dch
khng i.
C. Khi in phn dung dch cha hn hp CuSO
4
v Na
2
SO
4
th pH ca dung dch
gim dn.
D. Khi in phn dung dch AgNO
3
th pH ca dung dch tng dn.
Bi 81: in phn dung dch AgNO
3
, sn phm in phn thu c catot l
A. O
2
B. Ag C. HNO
3
D. H
2

Bi 82: Khi in phn dung dch cha CuSO
4
v NaCl, ti catot s thu c sn phm no
sau y ?
A. Thu c Cu.
B. Ban u thu c H
2
, sau thu c Cu.
C. Ban u thu c Cu, sau thu c Na.
D. Ban u thu c Cu, sau thu c H
2
.

B 83: in phn dung dch cha cc ion : Cu
2+
; Fe
3+
; H
+
; NO

3
. Trn catot xy ra qu
trnh kh ion theo th t no sau y ?
A. Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
, H
+
B.

Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, H
+

C. Fe
3+
, H
+
, Cu
2+
D. Cu
2+
, H
+
, Fe
3+

Bi 84: Dy cht no sau y ch c th iu ch bng phng php in phn nng chy ?
A. Mg ; Zn ; Al B. Na ; Al ; Mg
C. Ca ; Fe ; K D. Cu ; Ag ; Fe
Bi 85: in phn cht no sau y thu c kh H
2
catot ngay khi in phn ?
A. Dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
B. Dung dch AgNO
3

C. Dung dch CuSO
4
D. Dung dch NaCl
Bi 86: in phn dung dch cha CuCl
2
v AlCl
3
n khi anot thy thot ra kh O
2
th
catot s thu c cc sn phm l
A. Cu ; Al B. Cu ; H
2
C. Al ; H
2
D.

Cu
Bi 87: iu ch cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh kim loi kim, kim th, nhm,
phi dng phng php iu ch no sau y ?
A. Phng php thu luyn.
B. Phng php nhit luyn.
C. Phng php in phn dung dch.
D. Phng php in phn nng chy.
Bi 88: Nguyn tc iu ch kim loi l
A. oxi ho kim loi. B. kh cation kim loi.
C. oxi ho cation kim loi. D. kh kim loi.
207

Bi 89: Cc kim loi no sau y c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch
ca chng ?
A. Na ; Ca ; Cu B. K ; Mg ; Al
C. Ca ; Ba ; Zn D. Ag ; Cu ; Pb
Bi 90: tch ly Ag t AgNO
3
c th dng cch no sau y ?
A. Nung
B. in phn dung dch AgNO
3
trong H
2
O
C. Dng mt thanh kim loi bng Cu cho vo dung dch AgNO
3
D. Cc cch trn u dng c.
Bi 91: Phng php nhit luyn dng rng ri trong cng nghip iu ch nhng kim
loi no sau y ?
A. Kim loi mnh nh : Na, K, Ca,
B. Kim loi nh : Al, Zn, Sn,
C. Kim loi trung bnh nh : Fe, Cu,
D. C th iu ch mi kim loi.
Bi 92: Mt hn hp X gm 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Cu c t l mol l 1:1:1. Cho m gam hn
hp X tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d th c 33,6 lt kh H
2
(ktc). m c
gi tr l
A. 108 gam B. 72 gam
C. 216 gam D. 432 gam
Bi 93: Cho H
2
SO
4
long d tc dng vi 6,659 gam hn hp hai kim loi A v B u c
ho tr II c 0,1 mol cht kh, ng thi thy khi lng kim loi gim 6,5 gam.
Ho tan cht rn cn li bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng th c 0,16 gam kh SO
2
. A v B
l
A. Mg v Cu B. Fe v Cu
C. Zn v Cu D. Zn v Pb
Bi 94: Cho mt kim loi X ho tr II vo 100 gam dung dch HCl 14,6% thu c 0,24
gam kh H
2
, dung dch sau phn ng tng so vi dung dch ban u l 2,64 gam. X l
kim loi no sau y ?
A. Zn B. Ni
C. Mg D. Ca
Bi 95: Ngm mt inh st sch vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO
4
1M. Sau mt thi gian ly
inh st ra, ra nh, lm kh thy khi lng inh st tng 0,8 gam so vi ban u.
Nng cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng l
A. FeSO
4
: 0,5MFe
2
(SO
4
)
3
: 0,75M
B. CuSO
4
: 0,5M ; Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
: 0,5M
D. FeSO
4
: 0,5M ; CuSO
4
: 0,5M
208

Bi 96: Ho tan 2,16 gam kim loi M trong HNO
3
long thu c 604,8 ml hn hp kh E
gm N
2
v N
2
O c t khi so vi H
2
l 18,45. M l
A. Fe B. Al
C. Zn D. Mg
Bi 97: Mt lng kim loi ho tr II cho tc dng vi oxi. ho tan hon ton oxit thu
c cn mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
15,4% thu c dung dch mui c
nng 18,21 %. Kim loi l
A. Mg B. Zn
C. Cu D. Pb
Bi 98: Cho 2,275 gam kim loi X ho tr II tan vo dung dch hn hp cha hai axit
HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
thu c 2,94 gam hn hp kh NO
2
v D c th tch 1,344 lt
(ktc). X l
A. Mg B. Cu
C. Ca D. Zn
Bi 99: Ho tan hon ton 0,01 mol hn hp hai kim loi u c ho tr II bng mt lng
va dung dch cha hai axit HCl v H
2
SO
4
c th tch 2000 ml thu c V lt kh
H
2
ktc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch axit v ca V l
A. 1 ; 22,4 lt B. 0 ; 4,48 lt
C. 2 ; 0,224 lt D. 1 ; 4,48 lt
Bi 100: Hai thanh kim loi M ho tr II c khi lng nh nhau. Thanh I nhng vo dung
dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Thanh II nhng vo dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
. Sau mt thi gian khi
lng thanh I gim 0,2% ; thanh II khi lng tng 28,4%. Bit s mol cc cht trong
dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
v Pb(NO
3
)
2
u gim nh nhau. M l
A. Fe B. Zn
C. Ni D. Mg




209









Bi 1: iu ch Na ngi ta dng phng php no sau y ?
A. Nhit phn NaNO
3
. B. in phn dung dch NaCl.
C. in phn NaCl nng chy. D. Cho K phn ng vi dung dch NaCl.
Bi 2: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaNO
3
, khng c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc.
D. in phn NaCl nng chy.
Bi 3: Sn phm ca s in phn dung dch natri clorua vi in cc tr, khng c mng
ngn xp l
A. natri hiroxit, clo v oxi. B. natri hipoclorit v hiro.
C. natri clorat, hiro v clo. D. natri hiroxit, hiro v clo.
Bi 4: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn.
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)
2
vo dung dch NaNO
3
.
(V) Sc kh NH
3
vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na
2
SO
4
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l
A. II, III v VI. B. I, II v III. C. I, IV v V. D. II, V v VI.
Bi 5: Cho s phn ng: NaCl (X) NaHCO
3
(Y) NaNO
3

X v Y c th l
A. NaOH v NaClO. B. Na
2
CO
3
v NaClO.
C. NaClO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
. D. NaOH v Na
2
CO
3
.
Bi 6: C th phn bit 3 dung dch: KOH, HCl, H
2
SO
4
(long) bng mt thuc th l
A. giy qu tm. B. Zn. C. Al. D. BaCO
3
.
Bi 7: Mui Na
2
CO
3
b ln tp cht l NaHCO
3
. Dng cch no sau y loi b c tp
cht trn ?
Chuyn 6
KIM LOI KIM - KIM LOI KIM TH
NHM
210

A. Ho tan vo nc ri lC. B. Ho tan trong HCl ri c cn.
C. Ho tan trong NaOH d ri c cn. D. Nung n khi lng khng i.
Bi 8: Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol
mui tng ng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c
mu vng. Hai mui X, Y ln lt l
A. KMnO
4
v NaNO
3
. B. Cu(NO
3
)
2
v NaNO
3
.
C. CaCO
3
v NaNO
3
. D. NaNO
3
v KNO
3
.
Bi 9: in phn 250 ml dung dch NaCl 1,6M c mng ngn, in cc tr cho n khi
catot thot ra 20,16 lt kh (ktc) th th tch kh thot ra anot ( ktc) l
A. 12,32 lt. B. 1,2 lt. C. 16,8 lt. D. 13,25 lt.
Bi 10: Nh t t 0,25 lt dung dch NaOH 1,04M vo dung dch gm 0,024 mol
FeCl
3
, 0,016 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,04 mol H
2
SO
4
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,568. B. 1,560. C. 4,128. D. 5,064.
Bi 11: Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. NA. B. K. C. RB. D. Li.
Bi 12: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
1M, K
2
CO
3
1,5M v KHCO
3
1M. Nh
t t tng git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 2M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt
kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24. B. 1,12. C. 4,48. D. 3,36.
Bi 13: Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
ng
thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong
vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l
A. V = 22,4(a b). B. V = 11,2(a b).
C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b).
Bi 14: Dung dch X cha a mol KHCO
3
v b mol K
2
CO
3
. Tin hnh hai th nghim sau:
- Thm (a + b) mol BaCl
2
vo dung dch X thu c m
1
gam kt ta.
- Thm (a + b) mol Ba(OH)
2
vo dung dch X thu c m
2
gam kt ta.
So snh gi tr m
1
v m
2
l
A. m
1
< m
2
. B. m
1
> m
2
. C. m
1
= m
2
.

D. m
1
s m
2
.
Bi 15: Cho mt mu Na lu trong khng kh, b chuyn ho thnh hn hp rn X gm
Na, Na
2
O, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
. Ho tan hon ton hn hp X bng H
2
SO
4
long, sau phn ng
thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi nc t t thu c 8,05 gam tinh th
Na
2
SO
4
.10H
2
O. Khi lng mu Na l
A. 0,575 gam. B. 1,15 gam. C. 2,3 gam. D. 1,725 gam.
Bi 16: Dung dch X gm Na
2
CO
3
, K
2
CO
3
, NaHCO
3
c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
Phn 1 tc dng vi nc vi trong d, thu c 20 gam kt ta ; Phn 2 tc dng vi dung
dch HCl d, thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
211

A. 2,24. B. 4,48. C. 6,72. D. 3,36.
Bi 17: Ch ra iu ng khi ni v cc hiroxit kim loi kim th:
A. Tan d dng trong nc.
B. C mt hiroxit c tnh lng tnh.
C. C th iu ch bng cch cho cc oxit tng ng tc dng vi nc.
D. u l cc baz mnh.
Bi 18: Trong y hc, cht c s dng b bt khi xng b gy l
A. CaSO
4
.2H
2
O. B. CaSO
4
khan.
C. 2CaSO
4
.H
2
O. D. MgSO
4
.7H
2
O.
Bi 19: Phn ng no trong cc phn ng sau gii thch qu trnh xm thc ca nc ma
i vi vi ?
A. CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
B. Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3 +

+ H
2
O.
C. CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
O

+ CO
2 |
.
D. Ca(HCO
3
)
2

o
t
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
.
Bi 20: Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion:
2
Ca
+
,
2
Mg
+
,
3
HCO

, Cl

,
2
4
SO

. Cht c
dng lm mm mu nc cng trn l
A. Na
2
CO
3
. B. HCl. C. H
2
SO
4
. D. NaHCO
3
.
Bi 21: C cc cht: KCl, Na
2
CO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, HCl. Nhng cht khng th lm mm nc
cng tm thi l
A. KCl. B. KCl v HCl.
C. Ca(OH)
2
v Na
2
CO
3
. D. Ca(OH)
2
, HCl v KCl.
Bi 22: Khi cho dung dch NaOH d vo cc ng dung dch Ca(HCO
3
)
2
th trong cc
A. si bt kh. B. khng c hin tng g.
C. xut hin kt ta trng. D. c kt ta trng v bt kh.
Bi 23: S chuyn ho: Mg
(1)
A
(2)
MgO
A l nhng cht no trong s cc cht sau ?
(1) Mg(OH)
2
; (2) MgCO
3
; (3) Mg(NO
3
)
2
; (4) MgSO
4
; (5) MgS
A. 3, 5. B. 2, 3. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 4, 5.
Bi 24: T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau:
X
o
t
X
1
+ CO
2
; X
1
+ H
2
O X
2

X
2
+ Y X + Y
1
+ H
2
O ; X
2
+ 2Y X + Y
2
+ 2H
2
O
Hai mui X, Y tng ng l
A. CaCO
3
, NaHSO
4
. B. BaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. CaCO
3
, NaHCO
3
. D. MgCO
3
, NaHCO
3
.
212

Bi 25: Hn hp rn A gm Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, CaCO
3
, NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
. Nung A n khi
lng khng i c cht rn B. Cht rn B gm
A. CaCO
3
v Na
2
O. B. CaCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
.
C. CaO v Na
2
CO
3
. D. CaO v Na
2
O.
Bi 26: Nhit phn hon ton hn hp cha MgCO
3
v CaCO
3
c cng s mol thu c kh
X v cht rn Y. Ho tan Y vo H
2
O d, lc b kt ta c dung dch Z. Hp th hon
ton kh X vo dung dch Z thu c
A. CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
C. CaCO
3
v Ca(OH)
2
. D. CaCO
3
.
Bi 27: Cho s phn ng sau:
(1) A + B C + H
2
| ; (2) C + D E
(3) E + F G + D + B ; (4) G

A + Cl
2

(5) E
o
t
CaCO
3
+ D + B
A, B, E ln lt l nhng cht sau y:
A. Ca, H
2
O, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. B. Ca, HCl, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
C. Ca, H
2
SO
4
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. D. CaO, H
2
O, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
Bi 28: Cho dy cc cht: KOH, Ca(NO
3
)
2
, SO
3
, NaHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
3
, K
2
SO
4
. S cht
trong dy to thnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl
2
l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 3. D. 2.
Bi 29: C 4 dung dch: Ba(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, NaHCO
3
v NaHSO
4
. Khi trn ln vi nhau
tng i mt, s cp dung dch tc dng c vi nhau l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Bi 30: Cho BaO vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
kt ta A v dung dch B. Cho Al d vo dung dch B thu c kh C v dung dch D. Ly
dung dch D cho tc dng vi dung dch Na
2
CO
3
thu c kt ta E. Cc cht C, E ln lt
c th l:
A. H
2
, Al(OH)
3
. B. CO
2
, Al(OH)
3
.
C. H
2
, BaCO
3
. D. C A, C u ng.
Bi 31: Cho dung dch cha 0,1 mol (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
tc dng vi dung dch cha 34,2 gam
Ba(OH)
2
. Sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,7. B. 39,4. C. 17,1. D. 15,5.
Bi 32: Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng
a mol/l, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,032. B. 0,048. C. 0,06. D. 0,04.
Bi 33: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu
c 500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H
2
( ktc).
Kim loi M l
pnc
213

A. Na. B. Ca. C. Ba. D. K.
Bi 34: Cho mt mu hp kim Na - Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt H
2
( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X
l
A. 150 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 60 ml. D. 30 ml.
Bi 35: Mt lt nc 20
o
C ho tan c ti a 38 gam Ba(OH)
2
. Xem khi lng ring
ca nc 1 g/ml th tan ca Ba(OH)
2
nhit ny l
A. 38 gam. B. 19 gam. C. 3,66 gam. D. 3,8 gam.
Bi 36: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Hai kim loi l
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ca v Sr.
Bi 37: X l kim loi thuc nhm IIA. Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm kim loi X v Zn tc
dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Mt khc, khi cho
1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra
cha n 1,12 lt ( ktc). Kim loi X l
A. Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
Bi 38: Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
(d), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Kh X l
A. N
2
O. B. NO
2
. C. N
2
. D. NO.
Bi 39: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl
3
. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 3,36 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,16. B. 5,04. C. 4,32. D. 2,88.
Bi 40: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch
HCl 20%, thu c dung dch Y. Nng ca FeCl
2
trong dung dch Y l 15,76%.
Nng phn trm ca MgCl
2
trong dung dch Y l
A. 24,24%. B. 11,79%. C. 28,21%. D. 15,76%.
Bi 41: Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim v 1 kim loi kim th tan ht trong nc to ra
dung dch Y v thot ra 0,12 mol hiro. Th tch dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M cn trung ho
dung dch Y l
A. 120 ml. B. 60 ml. C. 1200 ml. D. 240 ml.
Bi 42: Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ho tr 2, thu c 6,8
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M,
khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l
A. 5,8 gam. B. 6,5 gam. C. 4,2 gam. D. 6,3 gam.
Bi 43: Cho 1,2 gam Mg vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 1,5M v NaNO
3
0,5M.
Sau phn ng ch thu c V ml kh dng n cht (khng c sn phm kh no khc). Gi
tr ca V l
A. 0,224. B. 2,24. C. 224. D. 280.
Bi 44: Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra
214

8,96 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO
3
.MgCO
3
trong
loi qung nu trn l
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%.
Bi 45: Ho tan 8,2 gam hn hp bt CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
trong nc cn ti thiu 2,016 lt
kh CO
2
( ktc). Khi lng mi mui ban u ln lt l
A. 4,0 gam v 4,2 gam. B. 3,2 gam v 5,0 gam.
C. 5,0 gam v 3,2 gam. D. 3,36 gam v 4,84 gam.
Bi 46: Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70. B. 17,73. C. 9,85. D. 11,82.
Bi 47: Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng
nhit nhm ?
A. Al tc dng vi Fe
3
O
4
nung nng.
B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe
2
O
3
nung nng.
D. Al tc dng vi axit H
2
SO
4
c, nng.
Bi 48: Phn chua c dng lm trong nc c. Cng thc ca phn chua l
A. K
2
SO
4
.Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. B. NH
4
Fe(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O.
C. KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O. D. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
Bi 49: Cho bt Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO
3
long, khng c kh thot ra. Dung dch
thu c sau phn ng tc dng NaOH d thy
A. dung dch vn trong sut.
B. kh thot ra lm xanh giy qu tm m.
C. kt ta keo trng sau tan ht.
D. kh mi khai, kt ta keo trng sau tan ht.
Bi 50: Dy gm cc cht va tan trong dung dch HCl, va tan trong dung dch NaOH l:
A. NaHCO
3
, MgO, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. B. NaHCO
3
, ZnO, Mg(OH)
2
.
C. NaHCO
3
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, Al
2
O
3
. D. Mg(OH)
2
, Al
2
O
3
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
Bi 51: thu c Al
2
O
3
t hn hp Al
2
O
3
v Fe
2
O
3
, ngi ta ln lt dng
A. kh H
2
nhit cao, dung dch NaOH (d).
B. kh CO nhit cao, dung dch HCl (d).
C. dung dch NaOH (d), dung dch HCl (d), ri nung nng.
D. dung dch NaOH (d), kh CO
2
(d), ri nung nng.
Bi 52: C ba mu dung dch ring bit: NaCl, ZnCl
2
, AlCl
3
. Thuc th dng nhn bit
ba mu dung dch l
A. dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d. B. dung dch NaOH.
C. dung dch NH
3
d. D. dung dch AgNO
3
.
215

Bi 53: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M,
lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 1,2.
Bi 54: Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl
3
vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c
kt ta th cn c t l
A. a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
Bi 55: Mt dung dch cha a mol NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]) tc dng vi mt dung
dch cha b mol HCl. iu kin thu c kt ta sau phn ng l
A. b < 5a. B. a = 2b. C. b < 4a. D. a = b.
Bi 56: Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H
2
.
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch HNO
3
long, sinh ra y mol kh N
2
O (sn
phm kh duy nht).
Quan h gia x v y l
A. x = 2y. B. y = 2x. C. x = 4y. D. x = y.
Bi 57: Ho tan ht 0,03 Al mol v 0,02 mol Ag vo dung dch HNO
3
, sau phn ng c cn
ri un nng n khi lng khng i th thu c cht rn nng x gam. Gi tr ca x l
A. 9,79. B. 5,22. C. 4,26. D. 3,69.
Bi 58: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn
ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit
nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO
2
(sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
Bi 59: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng
hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung
dch HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l
A. 57 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
Bi 60: Cho m
1
gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO
3
)
2

0,3M v AgNO
3

0,3M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m
2
gam cht rn X. Nu cho m
2
gam
X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th thu c 0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m
1
v m
2
ln lt l
A. 8,10 v 5,43. B. 1,08 v 5,43. C. 0,54 v 5,16. D. 1,08 v 5,16.
Bi 61: Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H
2
( ktc) v m gam cht rn
khng tan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2.
Bi 62: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt
kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn
phn trm theo khi lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin)
216

A. 39,87%. B. 77,31%. C. 49,87%. D. 29,87%.
Bi 63: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1 mol
H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V
thu c lng kt ta trn l
A. 0,45. B. 0,35. C. 0,25. D. 0,05.
Bi 64: Thm m gam kali vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu
c dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M thu c
kt ta Y. thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l
A. 1,59. B. 1,17. C. 1,71. D. 1,95.
Bi 65: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp
HCl 1M v H
2
SO
4
0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H
2
( ktc). C cn dung
dch X thu c khi lng mui khan l
A. 38,93 gam. B. 103,85 gam. C. 25,95 gam. D. 77,86 gam.
Bi 66: Ho tan hon ton 47,4 gam phn chua KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O vo nc, thu c dung
dch X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M, sau phn ng thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8. B. 46,6. C. 54,4. D. 62,2.
Bi 67: t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
(trong iu kin khng c khng
kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng va
vi V ml dung dch NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 150. B. 100. C. 200. D. 300.
Bi 68: Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe
2
O
3
(trong mi trng khng c khng kh)
n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng
nhau:
- Phn (1) tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H
2
( ktc).
- Phn (2) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H
2
( ktc).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 22,75. B. 21,40. C. 29,40. D. 29,43.
Bi 69: in phn nng chy Al
2
O
3
vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c
m kg Al catot v 67,2 m
3
( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly
2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 108,0. B. 75,6. C. 54,0. D. 67,5.
Bi 70: Cho 2,16 gam Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long (d) thu c V lt kh NO
( ktc) v dung dch X. em c cn dung dch X thu c 17,76 gam mui khan. Gi tr
ca V l
A. 1,792. B. 0,896. C. 1,2544. D. 1,8677.
Bi 71: Hin tng no xy ra khi trn dung dch Na
2
S (d) vi dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
?
A. C kt ta keo trng v kh c mi trng thi
217

B. C kt ta en (Al
2
S
3
)
C. Khng thy thay i g
D. C kh mi trng thi thot ra, kt ta xut hin sau tan ht
Bi 72: Cht no sau y s kt ta hon ton Al(OH)
3
t dung dch Na[Al(OH)
4
]?

A. HCl d B. NaOH d C. CO
2
D.

NH
3

Bi 73: Nhn nh no sau y sai ?
A. Al
2
O
3
l mt oxit lng tnh
B. Dung dch phn chua (NaAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O) c pH <7
C. Al(OH)
3
tan trong dung dch NH
3

D. Al(OH)
3
tan trong dung dch HCl.
Bi 74: Cho dung dch NaHCO
3
(dd X); dung dch Na
2
CO
3
(dd Y) v dung dch AlCl
3
(dd
Z). Cc dung dch ny c sp xp theo chiu gim dn gi tr pH nh sau
A. X > Y > Z B. Y > Z > X
C. Y > X > Z D. Z > Y > X
Bi 75: Phn ng ho hc xy ra khi cho nhm vo dung dch cha hn hp H
2
SO
4
long
v HCl c bn cht l
A. 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
|
B. 2Al + 6H
+
2Al
3+
+ 3H
2
|
C. 2Al + 12H
+
+ 3SO
2
4
Al
3+
+ 6H
2
O + 3SO
2
|
D. 2Al + H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
|
Bi 76: iu ch nhm ngi ta
A. dng nhng cht kh nh C, CO, H
2
kh Al
2
O
3
.
B. nhit phn Al
2
O
3
.
C. in phn Al
2
O
3
nng chy.
D. in phn AlCl
3
nng chy.
Bi 77: Ch ra Bi sai trong cc Bi sau.
Trong qu trnh sn xut nhm trong cng nghip ngi ta thng cho Al
2
O
3
vo
criolit nng chy. Cho criolit vo l :
A. to ra hn hp c nhit nng chy thp hn Al
2
O
3

B. to hn hp cht in li c t khi nh hn Al nng chy
C. to cht lng c tnh dn in tt hn Al
2
O
3
nng chy
D. kh ion nhm trong Al
2
O
3
to thnh Al nng chy
Bi 78: Mt dung dch cha a mol NaOH tc dng vi mt dung dch c cha b mol AlCl
3
.
iu kin thu c kt ta cc i l
A. a > 4b B. a < 4b C. a = b D. a = 3b
218

Bi 79: Mt dung dch cha a mol Na[Al(OH)
4
] tc dng vi mt dung dch c cha b mol
HCl. iu kin thu c kt ta ln nht l
A. a > 4b B. a < 4b C. A = b D. b < 5 a
Bi 80: Mt loi vi cha CaCO
3
v 20% tp cht tr. Nung 1 tn vi 900
o
C.
Gi thit ch c CaCO
3
b phn hu theo phng trnh ho hc :
CaCO
3

rn

0
t
CaO
rn
+ CO
2

kh

Hiu sut ca phn ng l 60%. Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l
A. 268,8 kg B. 336,0 kg C. 68,8 kg D. 536,0 kg
Bi 81: Ho tan ht 68,5 g kim loi M vo H
2
O, sau phn ng thu c 11,2 lt H
2
(
ktc). M l kim loi no cho di y ?
A. Natri B. Kali C. Canxi D. Bari
Bi 82: in phn nng chy mui clorua ca mt kim loi kim, thu c 896 ml kh (ktc)
anot v 3,12 gam kim loi catot. Mui em in phn l
A. LiCl B. NaCl C. KCl D. RbCl
Bi 83: Cho 21,6 gam bt nhm kim loi tan ht trong dung dch HNO
3
long thu c NO
(sn phm kh duy nht). Th tch NO thu c ktc l
A. 6,72 lt B. 13,44 lt C. 17,92 lt D. 2.24 lt
Bi 84: Cho t t 200 ml dung dch HCl 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch Na
2
CO
3
1,0M. Sau
phn ng thu c V lt CO
2
ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 1,12 lt
Bi 85: Khi cho 3,36 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) tc dng vi mt dung dch cha 8 gam NaOH th
sn phm thu c l
A. Na
2
CO
3
v NaOH d B. Na
2
CO
3

C. Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
D. NaHCO
3
v CO
2
d
Bi 86: Ho tan hon ton 13,92 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc hai chu k lin tip vo
nc thu c 5,9136 lt H
2
27,3
0
C v 1 atm. Hai kim loi l
A. Li, Na B. Na, K
C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs
Bi 87: in phn hon ton 14,9 gam mui clorua nng chy ca mt kim loi kim thu
c 2,24 lt kh anot (ktc). Kim loi l
A. Na B. K C. Rb D. Li
Bi 88: Cho mt mu Na vo dung dch HCl c, kt thc th nghim thu c 4,48 lt kh
(ktc). Khi lng Na dng l
A. 4,6 gam B. 0,46 gam C. 0,92 gam D. 9,2 gam
Bi 89: Cho mt mu K vo 400 ml dung dch HCl c nng 1M, kt thc th nghim
thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc).
a) Khi lng K dng l
A. 23,4 gam B. 15,6 gam
219

C. 31,2 gam D. 3,9 gam
b) C cn dung dch thu c cht rn c khi lng l
A. 104,4 gam B. 52,2 gam
C. 41 gam D. 34,8 gam
Bi 90: Cho mt dung dch cha 12 gam NaOH hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh SO
2
(ktc),
khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 20,8 gam B. 23,0 gam
C. 31,2 gam D. 18,9 gam
Bi 91: in phn 1 lt dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp ti khi dung dch
c pH =12 (lng Cl
2
ho tan trong dung dch khng ng k). Bit rng vn cn
lng NaCl d v th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k. Th tch kh thot ra
anot (ktc) l
A. 1,12 lt B. 0,224 lt
C. 0,112 lt D. 0,336 lt
Bi 92: Nung 100 gam hn hp X gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
cho n khi lng khng i
thu c 69 gam cht rn. % khi lng Na
2
CO
3
l
A. 16% B. 84% C. 31% D. 69%
Bi 93: Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na
2
CO
3
v CaCO
3
thu c 11,6
gam cht rn v 2,24 lt kh (ktc). % khi lng CaCO
3
l
A. 6,25% B. 8,62% C. 50,2% D. 62,5%
Bi 94: Chia m gam hn hp gm mt mui clorua kim loi kim v BaCl
2
thnh hai phn
bng nhau. Phn I em ho tan hon ton vo nc ri cho tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO
3
d thy c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn II em in phn nng chy thu c V lt
kh anot (ktc). V c gi tr l
A. 6,72 lt B. 0,672 lt C. 1,344 lt D. 13,44 lt
Bi 95: Ho tan hon ton 5,94 gam hn hp hai mui clorua ca hai kim loi A, B u
thuc nhm IIA vo nc c 100ml dung dch X. lm kt ta ht anion Cl
-

trong X, ngi ta cho X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch AgNO
3
. Kt thc
th nghim c 17,22 gam kt ta v dung dch Y. Lc ht kt ta, c cn dung dch
Y thu c mui c khi lng l
A. 4,68 gam B. 7,02 gam C. 9,12 gam D. 2,76 gam
Bi 96: Cho V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) hp th hon ton vo 100 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,7M .
Kt thc th nghim thu c 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,568 lt B. 1,568 lt hoc 0,896 lt
C. 0,896 lt D. 8,896 lt hoc 2,24 lt
Bi 97: Dung dch A gm cc ion Ca
2+
, Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, 0,1 mol Cl
-
, 0,2 mol NO

3
. Thm t t
dung dch K
2
CO
3
1M vo dung dch A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht th th
tch dung dch K
2
CO
3
cho vo l
220

A. 150 ml B. 300 ml C. 200 ml D. 250 ml
Bi 98: Trn 8,1 gam Al vi 48 gam bt Fe
2
O
3
ri cho tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm
trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Kt thc th nghim lng cht rn thu c l
A. 61,5 gam B. 56,1 gam C. 65,1 gam D. 51,6 gam
Bi 99: Trn 5,4 gam Al vi 17,4 gam Fe
3
O
4
ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm. Gi s ch
xy ra phn ng kh hon ton Fe
3
O
4
thnh Fe. Ho tan hon ton hn hp rn sau
phn ng bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long th c 5,376 lt H
2
ktc. Hiu sut ca
phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 12,5 % B. 60% C. 20% D. 80%
Bi 100: Trn 0,81 gam Al vi bt Fe
2
O
3
v CuO ri t nng tin hnh phn ng nhit
nhm mt thi gian thu dc hn hp A. Ho tan hon ton A trong HNO
3
un nng
th c V lt kh NO duy nht ktc. V c gi tr l
A. 0,224 lt B. 0,672 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 6,72 lt.

221










Bi 1: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l
A. hematit nu. B. manhetit.
C. xierit. D. hematit .
Bi 2: Nguyn tc luyn thp t gang l
A. Dng O
2
oxi ho cc tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
B. Dng cht kh CO kh oxit st thnh st nhit cao.
C. Dng CaO hoc CaCO
3
kh tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
D. Tng thm hm lng cacbon trong gang thu c thp.
Bi 3: kh ion
3
Fe
+
trong dung dch thnh ion
2
Fe
+
c th dng mt lng d kim loi
A. Mg. B. Cu. C. BA. D. Ag.
Bi 4: Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
v FeCO
3
trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i, thu c mt cht rn l
A. Fe
3
O
4
. B. FeO. C. Fe. D. Fe
2
O
3
.
Bi 5: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO
3
long. Sau khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. B. HNO
3
.
C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
. D. Fe(NO
3
)
3
.
Bi 6: Trong cc cht: FeCl
2
, FeCl
3
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
, FeSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. S cht c
c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Bi 7: Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)
2
, FeSO
4
, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, Fe
2
O
3
. S cht trong dy
b oxi ho khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
c, nng l
A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
Bi 8: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
,
FeSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, FeCO
3
ln lt phn ng vi HNO
3
c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi
phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
Bi 9: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
c, nng n khi cc
Chuyn 7
ST - CROM - NG. S LC V CC
KIM LOI BC, VNG, NIKEN, KM,
THIC, CH

222

phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c
trong dung dch Y l
A. MgSO
4
v FeSO
4
. B. MgSO
4
.
C. MgSO
4
v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. D. MgSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v FeSO
4
.
Bi 10: Ho tan hon ton Fe
3
O
4
trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d) c dung dch X
1
.
Cho lng d bt Fe vo dung dch X
1
(trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X
2
cha cht tan l
A. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v H
2
SO
4
. B. FeSO
4
.
C. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. D. FeSO
4
v H
2
SO
4
.
Bi 11: C 4 kim loi: Mg, Ba, Fe, Zn. Ch dng thm mt cht no trong s dung dch ca
cc cht sau nhn bit cc kim loi ?
A. NaOH. B. Ca(OH)
2
. C. HCl. D. H
2
SO
4
.
Bi 12: C cc dung dch mui sau: (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, Al(NO
3
)
3
, NaNO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
, FeCl
2
, MgCl
2

ng trong l ring bit b mt nhn. Ch c s dng dung dch cha mt cht no trong
cc cht sau nhn bit c cc dung dch mui trn ?
A. Qu tm. B. HCl. C. NaOH. D. Ba(OH)
2
.
Bi 13: Cho s chuyn ho (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
NaOH
dd X +
Fe(OH)
2

dd Y +
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3

dd Z +
BaSO
4

Cc dung dch X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. FeCl
3
, H
2
SO
4
(c, nng), Ba(NO
3
)
2
.
B. FeCl
3
, H
2
SO
4
(c, nng), BaCl
2
.
C. FeCl
2
, H
2
SO
4
(c, nng), BaCl
2
.
D. FeCl
2
, H
2
SO
4
(long), Ba(NO
3
)
2
.
Bi 14: Hn hp rn X gm Al, Fe
2
O
3
v Cu c s mol bng nhau. Hn hp X tan hon
ton trong dung dch
A. NaOH (d). B. HCl (d). C. AgNO
3
(d). D. NH
3
(d).
Bi 15: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO
3
0,1M v
Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam
cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,80. B. 2,16. C. 4,08. D. 0,64.
Bi 16: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y ; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam
FeCl
2
v m gam FeCl
3
. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
Bi 17: Tin hnh hai th nghim sau:
- Th nghim 1: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V
1
lt dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M.
- Th nghim 2: Cho m gam bt Fe (d) vo V
2
lt dung dch AgNO
3
0,1M.
223

Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c hai th nghim
u bng nhau. Gi tr ca V
1
so vi V
2
l
A. V
1
= V
2
. B. V
1
= 10V
2
. C. V
1
= 5V
2
. D. V
1
= 2V
2
.
Bi 18: Kh hon ton mt oxit st X nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO ( ktc),
sau phn ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO
2
. Cng thc ca X v gi tr V ln
lt l
A. Fe
3
O
4
v 0,224. B. Fe
3
O
4
v 0,448. C. FeO v 0,224. D. Fe
2
O
3
v 0,448.
Bi 19: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit
st n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro
bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO
2
trong hn hp kh sau
phn ng l
A. FeO ; 75%. B. Fe
2
O
3
; 75%. C. Fe
2
O
3
; 65%. D. Fe
3
O
4
; 75%.
Bi 20: Cho hn hp cha 0,15 mol Cu v 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M.
Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A cha x gam FeCl
2
v cn li y gam cht
rn khng tan B. Gi tr ca x, y ln lt l
A. 12,7 v 9,6. B. 25,4 v 3,2. C. 12,7 v 6,4. D. 38,1 v 3,2.
Bi 21: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H
2
SO
4
c, nng (gi thit SO
2
l
sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
A. 0,03 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,06 mol FeSO
4
.
B. 0,05 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,08 mol FeSO
4
.
D. 0,12 mol FeSO
4
.
Bi 22: Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H
2
SO
4
c nng (d), thot ra
0,112 lt ( ktc) kh SO
2
(l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeS. B. FeS
2
. C. FeO. D. FeCO
3
.
Bi 23: Cho Fe d phn ng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO
3
0,2M, thy c kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht) bay ra. Khi lng mui trong dung dch thu c l
A. 2,42 gam. B. 2,7 gam. C. 8 gam. D. 9,68 gam.
Bi 24: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho
tan ti a m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,92. B. 3,20. C. 0,64. D. 3,84.
Bi 25: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,2M v
H
2
SO
4
0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt
kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 10,8 v 4,48. B. 10,8 v 2,24. C. 17,8 v 2,24. D. 17,8 v 4,48.
Bi 26: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht
hn hp X trong dung dch HNO
3
(d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy
nht). Gi tr ca m l
224

A. 2,22. B. 2,62. C. 2,52. D. 2,32.
Bi 27: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung
dch HNO
3
long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v
dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,72. B. 35,50. C. 49,09. D. 34,36.
Bi 28: Ho tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu
c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch
X, thu c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 52,2. B. 54,0. C. 58,0. D. 48,4.
Bi 29: Kh hon ton 10,8 gam mt oxit ca kim loi cn dng 4,536 lt H
2
, sau phn ng
thu c m gam kim loi. Ho tan ht m gam kim loi vo dung dch HCl d thy thot ra
3,024 lt H
2
. Th tch kh u o ktc. Gi tr ca m v cng thc oxit ca kim loi l
A. 5,2 ; Cr
2
O
3
. B. 7,155 ; Fe
3
O
4
. C. 7,56 ; Fe
2
O
3
. D. 7,56 ; FeO.
Bi 30: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3

long,
un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung
dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 151,5. B. 137,1. C. 97,5. D. 108,9.
Bi 31: t chy m gam Fe trong khng kh thu c (m + x) gam hn hp A gm FeO,
Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
. ho tan va hn hp A cn V ml dung dch HCl nng 3,65% (khi
lng ring d g/ml). Gi tr ca V l
A.
x
125
d
. B.
m x
1, 25
d
+
. C.
m x
12, 5
d
+
. D.
m x
125
d
+
.
Bi 32: Hn hp X gm Fe, Cu c t l khi lng
Cu
m :
Fe
m = 7 : 3. Ly m gam X cho
phn ng hon ton vi 44,1 gam HNO
3
trong dung dch thu c 0,75m gam cht rn,
dung dch Y v 5,6 lt kh Z gm NO, NO
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 40,5. B. 50,0. C. 50,2. D. 50,4.
Bi 33: Cu hnh electron ca Cu (Z = 29), Cu
2+
ln lt l
A. [Ar]3d
10
4s
1
v [Ar]3d
8
4s
1
. B. [Ar]4s
2
3d
9
v [Ar]4s
2
3d
7
.
C. [Kr]3d
9
4s
2
v [Kr]3d
9
. D. [Ar]3d
10
4s
1
v [Ar]3d
9
.
Bi 34: Cho phn ng:
a K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ b FeSO
4
+ c H
2
SO
4
d Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ e Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ f K
2
SO
4
+ g H
2
O
Cc h s l nhng s nguyn n gin nht. Tng (d + e + f + g) bng
A. 10. B. 15. C. 12. D. 26.
Bi 35: Pht biu khng ng l
A. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng cn hp cht Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ho mnh.
B. Cc hp cht Cr
2
O
3
, Cr(OH)
3
, CrO, Cr(OH)
2
u c tnh cht lng tnh.
C. Cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)
2
tc dng c vi dung dch HCl cn CrO
3
tc dng
225

c vi dung dch NaOH.
D. Thm dung dch kim vo mui icromat, mui ny chuyn thnh mui cromat.
Bi 36: Thm mt lng d dung dch NaOH vo cc cha Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
, sau phn ng li
thm tip H
2
O
2
vo cc th dung dch trong cc c mu
A. khng mu. B. vng. C. xanh tm. D. da cam.
Bi 37: Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom:
Cr(OH)
3

KOH +
X
2
(Cl KOH) + +
Y
2 4
H SO +
Z
4 2 4
(FeSO H SO ) + +
T
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l
A. K
2
CrO
4
; KCrO
2
; K
2
Cr
2
O
7
; Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
B. KCrO
2
; K
2
CrO
4
; K
2
Cr
2
O
7
; Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
C. KCrO
2
; K
2
Cr
2
O
7
; K
2
CrO
4
; CrSO
4
.
D. KCrO
2
; K
2
Cr
2
O
7
; K
2
CrO
4
; Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
Bi 38: Cho cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH c, NH
3
, KCl. S dung dch phn ng c vi
Cu(OH)
2
l
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.
Bi 39: Cho cc phn ng:
(1) Cu
2
O + Cu
2
S
o
t
(2) Cu(NO
3
)
2

o
t

(3) CuO + CO
o
t
(4) CuO + NH
3

o
t

S phn ng to ra kim loi Cu l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
Bi 40: Cho s chuyn ho qung ng thnh ng:
CuFeS
2

o
2
O , t +
X
o
2
O , t +
Y
o
X, t +
Cu
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. Cu
2
O, CuO. B. CuS, CuO. C. Cu
2
S, CuO. D. Cu
2
S, Cu
2
O.
Bi 41: Cho cc hp cht: CuO, Cu
2
O, CuS, Cu(OH)
2
, Cu(NO
2
)
2
. S cht tan c trong
H
2
O, trong dung dch HCl v trong HNO
3
tng ng l
A. 1, 2, 3. B. 1, 4, 5. C. 1, 3, 3. D. 2, 4, 4.
Bi 42: Hn hp Cu, Cu
2
S c ho tan hon trong dung dch HNO
3
c nng, thu c
dung dch X, kh Y mu nu duy nht. X tc dng vi dung dch NH
3
d thu c dung
dch Z mu xanh thm. Mt khc, X tc dng vi BaCl
2
d c kt ta trng T. Cc cht
Y, Z, T ln lt l
A. NO, [Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
, BaSO
4
. B. NO
2
, [Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
, BaSO
4
.
C. SO
2
, Cu(OH)
2
, BaSO
3
. D. NO, Cu(OH)
2
, BaSO
4
.
Bi 43: Bit rng ion Pb
2+
trong dung dch oxi ho c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi
Pb v Sn c ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th
226

A. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho hc.
B. c Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho hc.
C. ch c Pb b n mn in ho hc.
D. ch c Sn b n mn in ho hc.
Bi 44: Cho cc dung dch: dung dch axit HCl d (X) ; dung dch HNO
3
long, d (Y) ;
dung dch NaOH c, nng, d (Z). Hn hp gm cc kim loi Al, Zn, Sn, Pb c th b ho
tan hon ton trong
A. Y. B. X v Y. C. Y v Z. D. X, Y v Z.
Bi 45: Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO
3
0,8M
v H
2
SO
4
0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,746. B. 0,448. C. 1,792. D. 0,672.
Bi 46: C th iu ch thuc dit nm dung dch 5% CuSO
4
theo s sau:
CuS CuO CuSO
4
Vi hiu sut ca qu trnh chuyn ho l 80%, khi lng dung dch CuSO
4
5% thu c
t 0,15 tn nguyn liu cha 80% CuS l
A. 1,2 tn. B. 2,3 tn. C. 3,2 tn. D. 4,0 tn.
Bi 47: Ho tan hon ton 30,4 gam cht rn X gm Cu, CuS, Cu
2
S v S bng dung dch
HNO
3
d, thu c dung dch Y v 20,16 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Thm Ba(OH)
2
d
vo dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 99,30. B. 115,85. C. 104,20. D. 110,95.
Bi 48: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn
ng v s mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,02. B. 0,06 v 0,01. C. 0,03 v 0,01. D. 0,06 v 0,02.
Bi 49: Ho tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu
c 5,6 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Th tch kh O
2
( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam
hn hp X l
A. 2,80 lt. B. 1,68 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,92 lt.
Bi 50: Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl
2
v CuCl
2
. Khi lng cht
rn sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam.
C cn phn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc
mui trong X l
A. 13,1 gam. B. 17,0 gam. C. 19,5 gam. D. 14,1 gam.
Bi 51: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al
2
O
3
nung nng n
khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban
u l
A. 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
Bi 52: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H
2
phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp
227

rn gm CuO v Fe
3
O
4
nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn
hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,448. B. 0,112. C. 0,224. D. 0,560.
Bi 53: Th tch dung dch HNO
3
1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt
hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 1,0 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,8 lt. D. 1,2 lt.
Bi 54: Nung nng 16,8 gam hn hp gm Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn vi mt lng d kh O
2
,
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 23,2 gam cht rn X. Th tch dung
dch HCl 2M va phn ng vi cht rn X l
A. 400 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 800 ml. D. 600 ml.
Bi 55: thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X (gm a mol Al
2
O
3
, b mol CuO, c mol
Ag
2
O), ngi ta ho tan X bi dung dch cha (6a + 2b + 2c) mol HNO
3
c dung dch Y,
sau thm (gi thit hiu sut cc phn ng u l 100%)
A. c mol bt Al vo Y. B. c mol bt Cu vo Y.
C. 2c mol bt Al vo Y. D. 2c mol bt Cu vo Y.
Bi 56: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi Cu, Ag trong dung dch
cha hai axit HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
, thu c dung dch Y cha 35,3 gam mui v hn hp kh Z
cha 0,25 mol NO
2
v 0,05 mol SO
2
. Gi tr ca m l
A. 30,5. B. 8,2. C. 15,0. D. 19,8.
Bi 57: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung
dch H
2
SO
4
long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v
7,84 lt kh H
2
( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m
gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.
Bi 58: oxi ho hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl
3
thnh K
2
CrO
4
bng Cl
2
khi c mt KOH,
lng ti thiu Cl
2
v KOH tng ng l
A. 0,015 mol v 0,04 mol. B. 0,015 mol v 0,08 mol.
C. 0,03 mol v 0,08 mol. D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol.
Bi 59: Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr
2
O
3
v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn
ng hon ton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi
axit HCl (d) thot ra V lt kh H
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 7,84. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 10,08.
Bi 60: Khi cho 41,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe
2
O
3
, Cr
2
O
3
v Al
2
O
3
tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH c (d), sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng 16 gam. kh hon ton
41,4 gam X bng phn ng nhit nhm, phi dng 10,8 gam Al. Thnh phn phn trm
theo khi lng ca Cr
2
O
3
trong hn hp X l (Cho hiu sut ca cc phn ng l 100%)
A. 50,67%. B. 20,33%. C. 66,67%. D. 36,71%.
Bi 61: Kim loi no sau y tan c vo dung dch mui FeCl
3
(khng to kt ta)?
A. Sn B. Ag
228

C. Na D. Mg
Bi 62: Cho cc phn ng sau :
3Fe
2
O
3
+ CO
o
t
2Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
2
(1)
FeO + CO
o
t
Fe + CO
2
(2)
Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
o
t
3FeO + CO
2
(3)
Cc phn ng kh ion st trong oxit st c thc hin trong qu trnh sn xut gang
xy ra theo th t sau :
A. 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 1, 2
C. 1, 3, 2 D. 2, 1, 3
Bi 63: Trong qu trnh luyn gang thnh thp, phn ng no sau y l phn ng to x ?
A. Si + O
2

o
t
SiO
2
B. S + O
2

o
t
SO
2

C. CaO + SiO
2

o
t
CaSiO
3
D. FeO + Mn
o
t
Fe + MnO
Bi 64: Cho bt st (d) vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng, khi kt thc phn ng trong dung
dch c cha :
A. FeSO
4

B. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3

C. Hn hp FeSO
4
v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3

D. Hn hp H
2
SO
4
v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
Bi 65: Cho
2+
0
Sn /Sn
E = -0,14V ;
3+
0
Cr /Cr
E = 0,74V.
Sut in ng chun ca pin in ho Cr - Sn l
A. -0,60V B. +0,88V
C. +0,60V D. - 0,88V
Bi 66: Cho
2+
0
Fe /Fe
E = -0,44V,
3+ 2+
0
Fe /Fe
E = +0,77V v
+
0
Ag /Ag
E

= +0,08V.
Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong pin in ho Ag-Fe l
A. Fe
2+
+ 2Ag Fe + 2Ag
+
B. Fe + 2Ag
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Ag
C. Fe
2+
+ Ag
+
Fe
3+
+ Ag
D. Fe
3+
+ Ag Fe
2+
+ Ag
+

Bi 67: Cho mt t bt st tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d. Dung dch sau phn ng cha
nhng cht no sau y ?
A. Fe(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
v AgNO
3

C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
v Fe(NO
3
)
3

D. Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
v AgNO
3

229

Bi 68: Ho cht no sau y c th dng tch ly Ag m khng lm thay i khi lng
Ag trong hn hp gm Ag v Cu ?
A. HCl B. AgNO
3

C. Fe(NO
3
)
3
D. FeCl
2
Bi 69: Cho t t dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch cha CuSO
4
, thy c hin tng
no sau y?
C kt ta trng sau kt ta tan to dung dch trong sut khng mu
C kt ta mu trng sau kt ta tan to dung dch xanh thm
C kt ta mu xanh sau kt ta tan to dung dch xanh thm
C kt ta mu xanh khng tan trong NH
3
d
Bi 70: Dy cht no ca nguyn t ng c mu sc bin i ln lt theo th t
trng, gch, , xanh, en ?
A. CuSO
4
khan ; Cu
2
O ; Cu ; Cu(OH)
2
; CuO
B. CuSO
4
.5H
2
O ; Cu
2
O ; Cu ; Cu(OH)
2
; CuO
C. CuSO
4
khan ; CuO ; Cu ; Cu(OH)
2
; Cu
2
O
D. Cu(OH)
2
; Cu ; Cu
2
O ; Cu
2+
. 6H
2
O ; CuO
Bi 71: Ngi ta m ng cho mt vt bng thp bng cch ni vt cn m vi mt cc
ca ngun in, in cc cn li l mt thanh ng kim loi v ngm trong dung dch
cht in phn. in cc ni vi vt v dung dch cht in phn l nhng cht no
sau y ?
A. Cc m ; dung dch CuSO
4
B. Cc dng ; dung dch CuSO
4

C. Cc dng ; dung dch FeSO
4
D. Cc dng ; dung dch FeSO
4

Bi 72: Nung mt hn hp gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
n khi lng khng i. Cht rn
thu c l hn hp cc cht no sau y ?
A. Ag, Cu B. Ag, CuO
C. Ag
2
O, Cu
2
O D. Ag, Cu
2
O
Bi 73: Cho cc cht: Cu, CuO, Cu
2
O, CuS, Cu
2
S, Cu(OH)
2
, CuCO
3
, CuSO
3
ln lt vo
dung dch HNO
3
c, nng. S phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l
A. 1 B. 4
C. 5 D. 8
Bi 74: Cho 1 mol hn hp gm Zn v Cu vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng, s mol HNO
3

phn ng v s mol cht kh thot ra ktc l
A. 4 ; 2 B. 8 ; 2
C. 3 ; 1 D. 8 ; 4
230

Bi 75: Hn hp bt A c 3 kim loi Fe, Ag, Cu. Ngm hn hp A trong dung dch B ch
cha mt cht. Khuy k phn ng xy ra hon ton, thy cn li Ag. Dung dch B
c th l
A. axit B. kim
C. mui D. nc
Bi 76: phn bit dung dch cha ZnCl
2
vi cc dung dch mui FeCl
2
, MgCl
2
, c th
dng cc dung dch cha ho cht no sau y ?
A. Na
2
CO
3
B. Cl
2

C. HCl D. NH
3
Bi 77: Hp cht no sau y va th hin tnh kh, va th hin tnh oxi ho ?
A. Fe
2
O
3
B. FeCl
3

C. FeSO
4
D. Fe(NO
3
)
3
Bi 78: Pin in ho Zn - Cu trong qu trnh phng in xy ra phn ng
Zn + Cu
2+
Cu + Zn
2+

Cho
0
/Zn Zn
2
E
+
= -0,76V ;
0
/Cu Cu
2
E
+
= +0,34V
Sut in ng chun ca pin in ho l
A. +0,40V B. -0,42V
C. +1,25V D. +1,10V
Bi 79: Hp kim ca nhm v ng c cu to bng tinh th hp cht ho hc trong
nhm chim 12,3%. Cng thc ho hc ca hp cht l
A. Cu
2
Al B. Cu
3
Al
C. CuAl
2
D. CuAl
3

Bi 80: Dng 0,65 g Zn y Au ra khi ion phc xianua (bit Zn = 65, Au = 197). Khi
lng Au sinh ra l
A. 1,97 g B. 5,91 g
C. 7,88 g D. 3,94 g
Bi 81: Cho hn hp gm Cu, Fe ho tan vo dung dch HCl d thu c 12,8 gam cht
rn v 12,7 gam mui. Thnh phn khi lng ca Cu l
A. 69,57% B. 30,43%
C. 30,34% D. 69,66%
Bi 82: Mt loi hp kim Cu-Sn c t l mol Sn : Cu = 1 : 5. Hm lng Sn trong hp kim
l
A. 27,10% B. 16,76%
C. 16,67% D. 27,11%
Bi 83: Khi lng bt nhm cn dng iu ch 78 gam Cr t Cr
2
O
3
bng phng php
nhit nhm (Cr = 52 ; Al = 27) l
A. 45 gam B. 81 gam
231

C. 40,5 gam D. 20,25 gam
Bi 84: Nung x gam mui Cu(NO
3
)
2
khan, n khi lng khng i thu c 7,00 gam
cht rn. x nhn gi tr no sau y ?
A. 16,45 gam B. 16,56 gam
C. 16,54 gam D. 16,65 gam
Bi 85: Ho tan hn hp gm Zn, ZnO, Zn(OH)
2
vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 3,36 lt
kh H
2
ktc. Nu cho hn hp ny vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d th th tch kh
thu c l
A. 2,24 lt B. 3,36 lt
C. 4,48 lt D. 1,12 lt
Bi 86: Cho 6,5 gam Zn vo dung dch cha m gam hn hp NaNO
3
v NaOH, thu c
mt hn hp gm kh NH
3
v H
2
c th tch 0,896 lt ktc. m c gi tr l
A. 1,7 gam B. 7,2 gam
C. 3,4 gam D. 8,9 gam

Bi 87: ho tan mt hn hp gm Fe, Ag, Cu, Zn cn dng dung dch cha y gam
HNO
3
, bit rng sau phn ng thu c 6,72 lt kh NO
2
ktc. Vy y c gi tr l
A. 37,8 gam B. 18,9 gam
C. 9,45 gam D. 37,8 gam
Bi 88: in phn 2 lt dung dch CuSO
4
nng 1M, sau mt thi gian thu c 5,6 lt
kh thot ra anot, dung dch A v ng kim loi thot ra bm trn in cc catot.
Gi s Cu
2+
khng thu phn trong mi trng axit, th tch dung dch thay i
khng ng k. Tr s pH ca dung dch A v khi lng Cu thot ra l
A. 0,1 ; 3,2 gam B. 0,3 ; 16 gam
C. 0,3 ; 32 gam D. 0,6 ; 3,2 gam
Bi 89: Cht no c hm lng Fe cao nht trong s cc cht sau ?
A. FeS B. FeSO
4

C. Fe
2
O
3
D. Fe
3
O
4
Bi 90: Qung giu st nht trong t nhin l
A. manhetit B. xierit
C. hematit D. hematit nu
Bi 91: Kh hon ton m gam Fe
2
O
3
bng CO d, sc ton b lng kh thu c vo dung
dch Ca(OH)
2
d, lc tch kt ta, lm kh, cn nng 3,0 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,6 gam B. 0,8 gam
C. 3,6 gam D. 4,8 gam
Bi 92: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Mg c t l mol l 1:2 vo dd CuSO
4
d thu c 9,6 gam
ng. Khi lng hn hp u l
A. 5,2 gam B. 3,6 gam
C. 8,4 gam D. 8 gam
232

Bi 93: Cho 5,6 gam Fe phn ng hon ton vi HNO
3
, thu c sn phm kh duy nht l
NO
2
. Th tch dung dch HNO
3
1M dng va trong phn ng trn l
A. 0,3 lt B. 0,6 lt
C. 3 lt D. 1,5 lt
Bi 94: Cho 2,52 gam mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d to ra 6,24 gam
mui sunfat. Kim loi l
A. Mg B. Zn
C. Al D. Fe
Bi 95: t chy hon tong m gam Fe trong khng kh thu c 23,2 gam st t oxit. m
c gi tr l
A. 5,6 gam B. 18 gam
C. 16,8 gam D. 10 gam
Bi 96: Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm kh hon ton m gam hn hp oxit st cn 2,7
gam bt nhm. Cho hn hp thu c sau phn ng vo dung dch HCl d, thy thot
ra 2,52 lt kh (ktc).
Cng thc oxit st v gi tr ca m l
A. Fe
3
O
4
; 8,7 gam B. Fe
3
O
4
; 17,4 gam
C. Fe
2
O
3
; 8,7 gam D. FeO ; 7,2 gam
Bi 97: Cho 14,4 gam FeO phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c hn hp kh NO v
NO
2
vi t l th tch l 1 : 2. Tng th tch NO v NO
2
ktc l
A. 1,92 lt B. 22,4 lt
C. 3,36 lt D. 1,68 lt
Bi 98: Nhng mt thanh st vo dung dch CuSO
4
, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton,
mang ra ra nh, lm kh, cn, thy khi lng thanh st tng ln 1,6 gam. Ton b
lng ng sinh ra u bm ht ln b mt thanh st.
Khi lng ng kim loi bm vo thanh st l
A. 12,8 gam B. 1,28 gam
C. 2,56 gam D. 1,6 gam
Bi 99: Trn 24 gam Fe
2
O
3
vi 10,8 gam nhm ri nung nhit cao cho phn ng hon
ton, hn hp thu c sau phn ng em ho tan vo dung dch NaOH d, thy c
5,376 lt kh (ktc) thot ra. Hiu sut phn ng l
A. 12,5% B. 60%
C. 80% D. 90%
Bi 100: Dng qung manhetit cha 80% Fe
3
O
4
sn xut 800 tn gang c hm lng st
l 95%. Hiu sut c qu trnh sn xut l 80%.
S tn qung cn dng l
A. 1639,88 tn B. 3935 tn
C. 1070,8 tn D. 4919,6 tn
233










Bi 1: Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t.
B. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t.
C. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t.
Bi 2: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Hn hp gm FeS v CuS c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
B. Hn hp gm Ag
v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HNO
3
c.
C. Hn hp gm BaO v Al
2
O
3
c th tan ht trong H
2
O.
D. Hn hp gm Fe
3
O
4

v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
Bi 3: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Cl
2
, F
2
, SO
2
, Na
+
,
2
Ca
+
,
2
Fe
+
,
3
Al
+
,
2
Mn
+
,
2
S

, Cl

. S
cht v ion trong dy u c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5.
Bi 4: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l
A. KNO
3
, CaCO
3
, Fe(OH)
3
. B. FeS, BaSO
4
, KOH.
C. AgNO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, CuS. D. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, HCOONa, CuO.
Bi 5: Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, NH
4
Cl, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, ZnSO
4
, Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
. S
cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. 3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
Bi 6: Cho cc cht: Al, Al
2
O
3
, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, NaHS, K
2
SO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
. S cht
u phn ng c vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
Bi 7: Cho cc dung dch long sau: Na
2
SO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, NaCl, H
2
SO
4
, BaCl
2
, NaOH. Ch
c dng thm mt ho cht no di y nhn bit cc cht trong cc dung dch long
trn ?
A. NaOH. B. HCl.
C. Giy qu tm. D. Phenolphtalein.
Bi 8: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l
Chuyn 8
TNG HP NI DUNG KIN THC
HO HC V C

234

A. 2KNO
3
o
t
2KNO
2
+ O
2
. B. NH
4
NO
2
o
t
N
2
+ 2H
2
O.
C. NH
4
Cl
o
t
NH
3
+ HCl. D. NaHCO
3
o
t
NaOH + CO
2
.
Bi 9: Cho cc phn ng:
(1) O
3
+ dung dch KI (2) F
2
+ H
2
O
o
t

(3) MnO
2
+ HCl c
o
t
(4) Cl
2
+ dung dch H
2
S
Cc phn ng to ra n cht l:
A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
Bi 10: C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht kh
A. NH
3
, SO
2
, CO, Cl
2
. B. N
2
, NO
2
, CO
2
, CH
4
, H
2
.
C. NH
3
, O
2
, N
2
, CH
4
, H
2
. D. N
2
, Cl
2
, O
2
, CO
2
, H
2
.
Bi 11: Cho phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng sau:
(1) A
1
+ H
2
O

A
2
+ A
3|
+ H
2|

(2) A
2
+ A
3
o
t
A
1
+ KClO
3
+ H
2
O
(3) A
2
+ A
4
BaCO
3 +
+ K
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
(4) A
4
+ A
5
BaSO
4 +
+ CO
2|
+ H
2
O
Cc cht A
2
,

A
4
ln lt l
A. NaOH, KHCO
3
. B. KCl, Ba(HCO
3
)
2
.
C. KOH, H
2
SO
4
. D. KOH, Ba(HCO
3
)
2
.
Bi 12: Cho cc phn ng:
(1) A + B + C D ; (2) D + HCl NaCl + B + C
(3) D
o
t
A + B + C ; (4) C
6
H
5
ONa + B + C C
6
H
5
OH + D
(5) D + NaOH A + C
A, B, C, D ln lt l cc cht:
A. Na
2
CO
3
, H
2
O, CO
2
, NaHCO
3
. B. Na
2
CO
3
, CO
2
, H
2
O, NaHCO
3
.


C. CO
2
, H
2
O, NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
. D. NaHCO
3
, H
2
O, CO
2
, Na
2
CO
3
.
Bi 13: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(1) FeS + X
1
X
2 |
+ X
3
; (2) X
2
+ CuSO
4
X
4 +
(en) + X
5

(3) X
2
+ X
6
X
7 +
(vng) + X
8
; (4) X
3
+ X
9
X
10

(5) X
10
+ HI X
3
+ X
1
+ X
11
; (6) X
1
+ X
12
X
9
+ X
8
+ MnCl
2
Cc cht X
4
, X
7
, X
10
v X
12
ln lt l
A. CuO, CdS, FeCl
2
, MnO
2
. B. CuS, CdS, FeCl
3
, MnO
2
.
C. CuS, S, FeCl
3
, MnO
2
. D. CuS, S, FeCl
2
, KMnO
4
.
Bi 14: Khi thm dung dch NH
3
vo cc dung dch mui CuSO
4
, ZnSO
4
, Al(NO
3
)
3
,
p mnx
235

AgNO
3
n khi d NH
3
th dung dch no u tin to kt ta sau kt ta li tan ?
A. Al(NO
3
)
3
. B. CuSO
4
, ZnSO
4
v Al(NO
3
)
3
.
C. CuSO
4
v AgNO
3
. D. CuSO
4
, ZnSO
4
v AgNO
3
.
Bi 15: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl
2
, ZnCl
2
, FeCl
3
, AlCl
3
. Nu thm dung dch
KOH (d) ri thm tip dung dch NH
3
(d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu
c l
A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.
Bi 16: C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, FeCl
2
,
Cr(NO
3
)
3
, K
2
CO
3
, Al(NO
3
)
3
. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau
khi phn ng kt thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
Bi 17: Trong cc dung dch: HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, dy
gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
l
A. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
. B. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
.
C. NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
. D. HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
.
Bi 18: Cho lung kh H
2

(d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, ZnO, MgO nung
nhit cao. Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l
A. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
Bi 19: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al
2
O
3
, MgO,
Fe
3
O
4
, CuO thu c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li
phn khng tan Z. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm
A. MgO, Fe, Cu. B. Mg, Fe, Cu. C. MgO, Fe
3
O
4, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu.
Bi 20: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng ?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO
3
)
3
.
B. Cho dung dch NH
3
n d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
C. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
D. Thi CO
2
n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
Bi 21: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(d) vo dung
dch X, thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c
cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm BaSO
4
v FeO. B. hn hp gm Al
2
O
3
v Fe
2
O
3
.
C. hn hp gm BaSO
4
v Fe
2
O
3
. D. Fe
2
O
3
.
Bi 22: Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng
s electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c
mt mc oxi ho duy nht. Cng thc XY l
A. LiF. B. MgO. C. AlN. D. NaF.
236

Bi 23: Nhit phn a gam cht no sau y thu c lng kh oxi ln nht ?
A. Cu(NO
3
)
2
. B. KMnO
4
. C. KClO
3
.

D. NaNO
3
.
Bi 24: Cho dung dch HCl c d tc dng hon ton vi 1 mol mi cht sau : Fe,
KMnO
4
, KClO
3
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
. Trng hp sinh ra kh c th tch ln nht ( cng iu
kin nhit , p sut) l
A. Fe. B. KMnO
4
. C. KClO
3
.

D. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
Bi 25: Hn hp X cha Na
2
O, NH
4
Cl, NaHCO
3
v BaCl
2
c s mol mi cht u bng
nhau. Cho hn hp X vo H
2
O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha
A. NaCl. B. NaCl, NaOH.
C. NaCl, NaOH, BaCl
2
. D. NaCl, NaHCO
3
, NH
4
Cl, BaCl
2
.
Bi 26: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na
2
O v
Al
2
O
3
; Cu v FeCl
3
; BaCl
2
v CuSO
4
; Ba v NaHCO
3
. S hn hp c th tan hon ton
trong nc (d) ch to ra dung dch l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
Bi 27: Cho hn hp A gm x mol FeS
2
v y mol Cu
2
S tc dng vi HNO
3
long, d un
nng ch thu c mui
2
4
SO

ca cc kim loi v gii phng kh NO duy nht. T l x : y
c gi tr l
A. 2. B. 0,5. C. 1,5. D. 1.
Bi 28: Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin
khng c khng kh), thu c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch
HCl, gii phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton X
v G cn va V lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,80. B. 3,36. C. 3,08. D. 4,48.
Bi 29: Nung nng 16,8 gam hn hp gm Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn vi mt lng d kh O
2
,
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 23,2 gam cht rn X. Th tch dung
dch HCl 2M va phn ng vi cht rn X l
A. 400 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 800 ml. D. 600 ml.
Bi 30: Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn
gm CuO, Fe
2
O
3
( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X.
Dn ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)
2
th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi
tr ca V l
A. 1,120. B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224.
Bi 31: Cho hn hp A c khi lng 17,86 gam gm CuO, Al
2
O
3
v FeO. Cho H
2
d qua
A nung nng, sau khi phn ng xong thu c 3,6 gam H
2
O. Ho tan hon ton A bng
dung dch HCl d, c dung dch B. C cn dung dch B thu c 33,81 gam mui khan.
Khi lng Al
2
O
3
trong hn hp A l
A. 3,46 gam. B. 1,86 gam. C. 1,53 gam. D. 3,06 gam.
Bi 32: Kh hon ton 4,06 gam mt oxit kim loi bng CO nhit cao thnh kim loi.
Dn ton b kh sinh ra vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thy to thnh 7 gam kt ta.
237

Nu ly lng kim loi sinh ra ho tan ht vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,176 lt kh
H
2
(ktc). Cng thc oxit kim loi l
A. FeO. B. Fe
3
O
4
. C. CuO. D. Cr
2
O
3
.
Bi 33: Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N
2
v H
2
vi nng
tng ng l 0,3M v 0,7M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH
3
t trng thi cn bng t
o
C, H
2
chim 50% th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn bng K
C
t
o
C ca phn ng c
gi tr l
A. 2,500. B. 3,125. C. 0,609. D. 0,500.
Bi 34: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian
thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c
300 ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH bng
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
Bi 35: Thc hin hai th nghim:
- Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M thot ra V
1
lt NO.
- Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M
thot ra V
2 lt NO.
Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia
V
1
v V
2
l
A. V
2
= V
1
. B. V
2
= 2V
1
. C. V
2
= 2,5V
1
. D. V
2
= 1,5V
1
.
Bi 36: Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long (d), thu c dung
dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N
2
O v N
2
. T khi ca hn hp
kh Y so vi kh H
2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 38,34. B. 34,08. C. 106,38. D. 97,98.
Bi 37: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na
2
O v Al
2
O
3
vo H
2
O thu c 200
ml dung dch Y ch cha cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M. Thi kh CO
2
(d) vo Y thu
c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l
A. 8,3 v 7,2. B. 11,3 v 7,8. C. 13,3 v 3,9. D. 8,2 v 7,8.
Bi 38: Cho 100 ml dung dch gm MgCl
2
0,1M v FeCl
2
0,2M tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO
3
d. Lng kt ta thu c sau khi kt thc phn ng l
A. 10,77 gam. B. 12,7 gam. C. 17,7 gam. D. 17,07 gam.
Bi 39: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl
2
v NaCl (c t l s mol tng
ng l 1 : 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO
3
(d) vo dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 57,4. B. 28,7. C. 10,8. D. 68,2.
Bi 40: Cho m gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Al, Fe, Ba. Chia X thnh ba phn bng
nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi nc (d), thu c 0,896 lt H
2
.
238

- Phn 2 tc dng vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (d), c 1,568 lt H
2
.
- Phn 3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 2,24 lt H
2
.
Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,13. B. 3,14. C. 13,4. D. 12,39.
Bi 41: Cho m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
vo mt lng va dung dch
HCl 2M, thu c dung dch Y c t l s mol Fe
2+
v Fe
3+
l 1 : 2. Chia Y thnh hai phn
bng nhau. C cn phn mt thu c m
1
gam mui khan. Sc kh clo (d) vo phn hai,
c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m
2
gam mui khan. Bit m
2
m
1
= 0,71. Th tch
dung dch HCl dng l
A. 240 ml. B. 80 ml. C. 320 ml. D. 160 ml.
Bi 42: Sc t t 7,84 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch cha hn hp KOH 0,2M v
Ca(OH)
2
0,1M, thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 10,0. B. 35,0. C. 5,0. D. 7,5.
Bi 43: Ho tan hon ton 7,68 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
cn dng 260 ml
dung dch HCl 1M. Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d, kt ta thu c em
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,2. B. 8,0. C. 16,0. D. 10,8.
Bi 44: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl
2
0,1M v
NaCl 0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong
3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln
nht ca m l
A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 1,35. D. 5,40.
Bi 45: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe
3
O
4
trong iu kin khng c khng kh.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH (d) thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Sc kh CO
2
(d)
vo dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 45,6. B. 48,3. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
Bi 46: Ho tan hon ton 8,862 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO
3
long,
thu c dung dch X v 3,136 lt ( ktc) hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c
mt kh ho nu trong khng kh. Khi lng ca Y l 5,18 gam. Cho dung dch NaOH
(d) vo X v un nng, khng c kh mi khai thot ra. Phn trm khi lng ca Al
trong hn hp ban u l
A. 19,53%. B. 12,80%. C. 10,52%. D. 15,25%.
Bi 47: Ho tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO
3
c,
nng thu c 1,344 lt kh NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t
t kh NH
3
(d) vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam
kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l
A. 21,95% v 2,25. B. 78,05% v 2,25.
C. 21,95% v 0,78. D. 78,05% v 0,78.
239

Bi 48: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,002 FeS
2
v 0,003 mol FeS vo lng d H
2
SO
4

c, nng thu c Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, SO
2
v H
2
O. Hp th ht SO
2
bng mt lng va dung
dch KMnO
4
c V lt dung dch Z khng mu trong sut c pH = 2. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,14. B. 0,14. C. 11,4. D. 2,28.
Bi 49: Cho m gam hn hp cng s mol ca FeS
2
v Fe
3
O
4
tc dng va vi 500 ml
dung dch HNO
3
khi un nng thu c dung dch A, hn hp kh B gm 0,32 mol NO
2
v
0,32 mol NO. Gi tr m v nng mol ca dung dch HNO
3
dng l
A. 28,16 ; 3,2M. B. 14,08 ; 1,6M. C. 17,60 ; 3,0M. D. 28,16 ; 3,0M.
Bi 50: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn
hp gm H
2
SO
4
0,5M v NaNO
3
0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo
dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 360. B. 240. C. 400. D. 120.
Bi 51: Ch ra Bi sai khi ni v kim loi kim :
A. Kim loi kim lun c cu hnh electron l ns
1
.
B. Kim loi kim l nhng kim loi hot ng nht, c tnh kh mnh nht.
C. Kim loi kim ch c mt s oxi ho duy nht trong hp cht l +1.
D. Ch c kim loi kim mi to c dung dch kim khi phn ng ho hc vi
nc.
Bi 52: Cho cc dung dch sau y : NaCl (1) ; Na
2
CO
3
(2) ; NaHCO
3
(3) ; Na[Al(OH)
4
]
(4) ; NaHSO
4
(5) ; NaOH (6). Cc dung dch no c pH >7 ?
A. 3, 5 B. 6
C. 2, 3, 4, 6 D. 2, 6
Bi 53: Cho NaOH d vo dung dch cha tng cht ring bit sau y : NaHCO
3
(1) ;
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2) ; MgSO
4
(3) ; ZnSO
4
(4). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
trng hp no c kt ta trng ?
A. 2, 3 B. 3, 4
C. 1, 2 D. 2, 3, 4
Bi 54: C th dng phn ng ho hc no sau y iu ch NaOH trong thc t ?
(1) Na
2
SO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2
2NaOH + BaSO
4

(2) Na
2
CO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ 2NaOH
(3) 2Na + 2H
2
O

2NaOH + H
2

(4) Na
2
O + H
2
O

2NaOH
(5) 2NaCl + 2H
2
O
cmngngn dp,
2NaOH + Cl
2
+ H
2
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 1, 2, 5
C. 2, 5 D. 3, 4, 5
Bi 55: Phn ng no sau y dng gii thch s to cn trong m un nc ?
240

A. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
B. CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O Ca(HCO
3
)
2

C. CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
D. CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
Bi 56: Nc cng l nc
A. cha Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
B. cha Na
+
, K
+
C. ch cha Ca
2+
D. ch cha Mg
2+
Bi 57: Cho t t kh CO
2
vo cc dung dch : Ca(OH)
2
(1) ; Na[Al(OH)
4
] (2) ; CaCl
2
(3).
Trng hp no thy xut hin kt ta sau kt ta b ho tan ?
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 1 v 3
Bi 58 : C cc cht bt trng sau y: bt vi, bt thch cao, bt apatit, bt clorua vi.
Dng ho cht no sau y nhn ngay c bt vi ?
A. Dung dch gim n B. Dung dch soa
C. Nc ct D. Nc vi trong
Bi 59 : Al c th tan trong dung dch no sau y :
(1) NaOH ; (2) HCl ; (3) HNO
3
c ngui ; (4) FeCl
3
; (5) NH
3
?
A. 1, 2 B. 1, 2, 3, 5
C. 1, 2, 4 D. 1, 2, 4, 5
Bi 60: Hn hp tecmit dng hn gn ng ray l hn hp no sau y ?
A. Al v Fe
2
O
3
B. Al v Fe
3
O
4
C. Mg v FeO D. Mg v Fe
2
O
3
Bi 61: Dy cht no sau y ch gm cc cht lng tnh ?
A. Al ; Al
2
O
3
; Al(OH)
3
B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
; Al(OH)
3
; (NH
4
)
2
CO
3

C. Al
2
O
3
; AlCl
3
; Al(OH)
3

D. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
; NaHCO
3
; Na
2
CO
3
Bi 62: Khong cht l nguyn liu dng sn xut Al trong cng nghip l
A. Criolit B. Boxit
C. Cacnalit D. olomit
Bi 63: Dng ho cht no phn bit cc dung dch khng mu sau y : AlCl
3
; MgCl
2
;
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
; NaCl ; NH
4
Cl ?
A. Na
2
CO
3
B. Ba(OH)
2
C. HCl D. NH
3
Bi 64: kt ta hon ton Al(OH)
3
t dung dch NaAlO
2
c th dng ho cht no sau
y ?
A. HCl d B. Ca(OH)
2
d
241

C. H
2
SO
4
long d

D. AlCl
3
d
Bi 65: Cho cng mt lng cc kim loi sau y vo cc dung dch. Trng hp no thu
c lng kh H
2
nh nht ?
A. Na vo dung dch AlCl
3
B. Al vo dung dch HCl
C. Al vo dung dch NaOH
D. Mg vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
long
Bi 66: Cp cht no sau y c th tn ti ng thi trong dung dch ?
A. AlCl
3
v Na
2
CO
3
B. MgCl
2
v AgNO
3

C. Al(NO
3
)
3
v (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
D. NaHCO
3
v Ca(OH)
2

Bi 67: Khi cho nhm vo dung dch cha hn hp H
2
SO
4
long v KNO
3
, s xy ra phn
ng gia cc cht sau
A. Al + H
+
+ NO

3
B. Al + H
+

C. Al + H
+
+ SO
2
4

D. Al + K
+

Bi 68 : C bao nhiu loi phn ng ho hc c th s dng iu ch Mg kim loi ?
A. 4 B. 3
C. 2 D. 1

Bi 69 : phn bit ba dung dch : KCl, MgCl
2
, AlCl
3
ch cn dng dung dch
A. NaOH. B. Na
2
CO
3
.
C. Na
2
SO
4
. D. AgNO
3
.
Bi 70: Mt dung dch cha 0,1 mol Na[Al(OH)
4
] tc dng vi mt dung dch c cha x
mol HCl. x c gi tr no sau y thu c kt ta ln nht ?
A. 0,4 mol B. > 0,4 mol
C. 0,1 mol D. 0,1 mol < x < 0,4 mol
Bi 71: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Cr l
A. 3d
5
4s
1
B. 3d
4
4s
2

C. 3d
10
4s
1
D. 4s
2
4p
5
Bi 72: Cho th in cc chun ca cc cp oxi ho-kh sau :
E
3+
0
Cr /Cr
= -0,74V ; E
2 2
0
H O/H
= -0,41V ; E
+
2
0
2H /H
= 0,00V.
Trong thc t qu trnh no sau y khng xy ra ?
A. Crom tan trong dung dch axit clohiric
B. Crom tan trong dung dch kim mnh
C. Crom tan trong nc
D. Crom tan trong dung dch axit nitric long.
Bi 73: Crom tc dng vi ha cht no sau y to thnh crom(III) clorua ?
A. Dung dch HCl B. Kh Cl
2

242

C. Dung dch CuCl
2
D. Dung dch NaCl

Bi 74: Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng 3s
2
3p
6
3d
5

l ca ion no sau y ?
A. Fe
2+
B. Fe
3+
C. Cr
2+
D. Cr
3+
Bi 75: Cho cc phn ng ho hc :
(1) FeO + Al (nung nng) (2) FeCl
2
+ Cl
2

(3) FeCl
2
(d) + Ag(NO
3
)
2
(4) FeO + NH
3
(nung nng)
Cc phn ng trong ion st(II) th hin tnh kh l
A. 1, 2 B. 2, 3 C. 3, 4 D. 2, 4
Bi 76: Cho FeCO
3
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng, hn hp kh thu c c t khi so vi
H
2
l
A. 50,67 B. 28 C. 54 D. 26,33
Bi 77: Cho s phn ng sau :
FeS
2
X Fe Y FeCl
3

X, Y ln lt l cht no sau y ?
A. Fe
2
O
3
; FeCl
2
B. Fe(OH)
2
; FeCl
2
C. FeO ; Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
D. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
; Fe(OH)
2
Bi 78: Cht no c hm lng Fe cao nht trong s cc cht sau ?
A. FeCO
3
B. FeS
2
C. Fe
2
O
3
D. Fe
3
O
4
Bi 79: Thuc th no sau y c th dng nhn ra 3 gi bt cha cc cht (FeO, Fe
2
O
3
)
; (Fe
2
O
3
, Fe) ; (FeO, Fe) ?
A. Dung dch HCl
B. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng
C. Dung dch HNO
3
long
D. Dung dch H
2
S
Bi 80: Dng ho cht no sau y loi b cc tp cht AgNO
3
trong dung dch mui
Fe(NO
3
)
3
?
A. Fe B. Dung dch HCl C. Dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
2
D. Cu
Bi 81: Hp cht no sau y khng phi l hp cht lng tnh ?
A. Al
2
O
3
B. Cr
2
O
3
C. Al(OH)
3
D. Cr(OH)
2
Bi 82 : Cho phn ng ha hc:
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ KI + H
2
SO
4
.
Phng trnh ho hc c tng h s (ti gin) l
A. 29 B. 31 C. 27 D. 33
Bi 83: Nguyn tc sn xut thp l
A. kh ion st trong oxit thnh st t do bng CO nhit cao
B. kh cc tp cht trong gang nhm gim hm lng ca chng
243

C. oxi ho cc tp cht trong gang nhm gim hm lng ca chng
D. oxi ho oxit st thnh st t do
Bi 84: Dung dch A, B, C trong sut, khng mu c th cha mt trong s cc cht sau :
NH
3
, NaOH, Ba(OH)
2
. Cho dung dch ng sunfat vo A, B, C. Thy dung dch A
c kt ta xanh, dung dch B c kt ta xanh sau kt ta tan, dung dch C thy
c kt ta xanh ln kt ta trng. A, B, C ln lt l dung dch ca cc cht
A. NH
3
, NaOH, Ba(OH)
2
B. NaOH, Ba(OH)
2
, NH
3

C. NaOH, NH
3
, Ba(OH)
2
D.

NH
3
, Ba(OH)
2
, NaOH
Bi 85: Au c th b ho tan trong dung dch no sau y ?
A. Dung dch NaOH B. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng
C. Dung dch HNO
3
c, nng D. Dung dch hn hp HNO
3
v HCl
Bi 86: Vt bng bc s b i mu thnh en khi tip xc vi ho cht no sau y ?
A. Khng kh c mt hiro sunfua
B. Dung dch axit clohiric
C. Nc clo
D. Dung dch axit nitric
Bi 87: Cho cc gi tr th in cc chun :
E
2+
0
Pb /Pb
= -0,13V; E
2+
0
Cu /Cu
= +0,34V; E
+
0
Ag /Ag
= +0,8V v E
2+
0
Zn /Zn
= -0,76V.
Th t tnh oxi ha cc ion kim loi tng dn t tri sang phi l
A. Zn
2+
, Pb
2+
, Cu
2+
, Ag
+
B. Ag
+
, Cu
2+
, Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
C. Zn
2+
, Pb
2+
, Ag
+
,

Cu
2+
, D. Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
, Cu
2+
, Ag
+
Bi 88: Nc Svayde l dung dch c cha cht no sau y ?
A. |Cu(NH
3
)
4
|OH B. |Ag(NH
3
)
2
|OH

C. |Cu(NH
3
)
4
|(OH)
2
D. |Zn(NH
3
)
4
|(OH)
2

Bi 89: 100 gam dung dch FeSO
4
nng 30,4% c th lm mt mu s mol KMnO
4

trong mi trng H
2
SO
4
l
A. 1 mol B. 0,5 mol C. 0,25 mol D. 0,2 mol
Bi 90: ho tan 18 gam mt oxit st cn dung dch cha 0,25 mol H
2
SO
4
long, nu lm
bay hi nc th thu c 65 gam mt mui sunfat ngm nc. Mui c cng thc
phn t l
A. FeSO
4
.6H
2
O B. FeSO
4
.5H
2
O C. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.6H
2
O D. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.5H
2
O
Bi 91: Cho 5,6 gam bt st vo 250 dung dch cha AgNO
3
1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c kt ta c khi lng l
A. 21,6 gam B. 27 gam C. 32,4 gam D. 27,952 gam
Bi 92: Cho m gam st vo 100 gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng c nng 73,5% thu
c 8,4 lt kh SO
2
ktc v dung dch sau phn ng cha 55,6 gam mui. m c gi
tr l
244

A.12,85 gam B. 19,6 gam C. 14 gam D. 15,568 gam
Bi 93: Trn 10,8 gam Al vi 32 gam Fe
2
O
3
ri nung nng cho ti khi phn ng nhit
nhm xy ra hon ton. Sn phm thu c c khi lng l
A. 48,2 gam B. 24,8 gam C. 42,8 gam D. 82,4 gam
Bi 94: Cho cng mt lng 29,12 gam kim loi vo lng d dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng
v dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thy lng kh thot ra t hai th nghim chnh lch nhau
6,272 lt ktc. Kim loi dng l
A. Cr B. Fe C. Sn D. Al
Bi 95: luyn 100 tn gang c hm lng st 95% ngi ta cn dng x tn qung
manhetit 85% Fe
3
O
4
. Bit rng trong qu trnh sn xut hiu sut qu trnh chuyn
qung thnh gang l 90%. x c gi tr l
A. 393,57 tn B. 514,47 tn C. 371,7 tn D. 390,2 tn
Bi 96: Dn V lt kh CO (va ) i qua ng s cha Fe
3
O
4
v CuO nung nng thu c
hn hp cht rn. Cht rn ny c ho tan trong dung dch HNO
3
c nng thu
c 2,464 lt kh NO
2
(ktc). V c gi tr l
A. 2,24 lt B. 1,232 lt C. 2,464 lt D. 4,48 lt
Bi 97: Ho tan 28,05 gam hn hp gm Zn, ZnO, Al
2
O
3
vo dung dch NaOH d thu c
3,36 lt kh H
2
ktc. Nu ho tan hon ton hn hp ny cn dung dch cha 0,55
mol H
2
SO
4
long. Thnh phn % khi lng ZnO trong hn hp l
A. 28,88% B. 34,76% C. 43,32% D. 57,75%
Bi 98: Nung 136,5 g hn hp mui AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
khan n khi lng khng i
thu c 67 g cht rn. Khi lng AgNO
3
trong hn hp l
A. 42,5 g B. 59,5 g C. 76,5 g D. 69,7g
Bi 99: Ho tan mt hn hp gm Fe, Cr c trn theo t l mol 1:1 trong dung dch
HNO
3
d, sau phn ng thu c 6,72 lt kh NO
2
ktc v dung dch cha hai mui
nitrat. Khi lng mui c gi tr l
A. 25,08 g B. 36 g C. 495,7 g D. 144 g
Bi 100: Kh hon ton m gam Fe
3
O
4
bng CO d, sc ton b lng kh thu c vo
dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thy c 10 g kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,8 g B. 23,2 g C. 11,6 g D. 6,96 g



245








Bi 1: Ho hc hu c l ngnh ho hc chuyn nghin cu
A. cc hp cht ca cacbon.
B. cc hp cht ca cacbon (tr CO, CO
2
).
C. cc hp cht ca cacbon (tr CO, CO
2
, mui cacbonat, xianua, cacbua,).
D. cc hp cht ch c trong c th sng.
Bi 2: Lin kt ho hc ch yu trong phn t hp cht hu c l loi lin kt no di y
?
A. Lin kt ion. B. Lin kt cng ho tr.
C. Lin kt cho - nhn. D. Lin kt hiro.
Bi 3: So vi cc hp cht v c, cc hp cht hu c thng
A. d bay hi. B. km bn vi nhit.
C. d chy. D. C A, B, C u ng.
Bi 4: Lin kt ba gia hai nguyn t cacbon l do cc lin kt no sau y to nn?
A. Hai lin kt o v mt lin kt t.
B. Hai lin kt t v mt lin kt o.
C. Mt lin kt o , mt lin kt t v mt lin kt cho - nhn.
D. Mt lin kt o , mt lin kt t v mt lin kt ion.
Bi 5: So snh s ng phn cu to ca ba cht C
4
H
9
Cl (I), C
4
H
10
O (II), C
4
H
11
N (III):
A. I = II < III. B. I > II > III. C. I < II < III. D. II < I < III.
Bi 6: Cho cc cht sau: CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
, CH
3
-C(CH
3
)=CH-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-
CH=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
Chuyn 9
I CNG V HO HC HU C.
HIROCACBON

246

Bi 7: Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng
C
m :
H
m :
O
m =
21 : 2 : 4. Hp cht X c cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. S ng
phn cu to thuc loi hp cht thm ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 8: t chy ht 1,88 gam cht hu c D cn lng va l 1,904 lt O
2
(ktc), ch thu
c CO
2
v hi nc vi t l th tch
2 2
CO H O
V : V = 4 : 3. Bit
D
M < 200 g/mol. Cng
thc phn t ca D l
A. C
7
H
10
O
5
. B. C
7
H
12
O
6
. C. C
6
H
10
O
7
. D. C
8
H
12
O
5
.
Bi 9: Trong mt bnh kn cha hi cht hu c X (c dng C
n
H
2n
O
2
) mch h v O
2
(s
mol O
2
gp i s mol cn cho phn ng chy) 139,9
o
C, p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm.
t chy hon ton X sau a v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95
atm. X c cng thc phn t l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
. B. CH
2
O
2
. C. C
4
H
8
O
2
. D. C
3
H
6
O
2
.
Bi 10: Cng thc no sau y l cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon ?
A. C
x
H
y
. B. C
n
H
2n+2
.
C. C
n
H
2n+2-2k
. D. C A, C u ng.
Bi 11: Tn gi ca cht CH
3
CH CH CH
3
l

C
2
H
5
CH
3

A. 2-etyl-3-metylbutan. B. 3-etyl-2-metylbutan.
C. 2,3-imetylpentan. D. 2,3-imetylbutan.
Bi 12: Trong cc loi phn ng sau:
(1) Phn ng chy ; (2) Phn ng cng
(3) Phn ng hy ; (4) Phn ng hiro ho
(5) Phn ng th ; (6) Phn ng trng hp
(7) Phn ng trng ngng ; (8) Phn ng crackinh.
Cc ankan tham gia nhng phn ng l
A. 1, 2, 6. B. 1, 3, 7, 8. C. 1, 3, 4, 5, 8. D. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6.
Bi 13: T cht no sau y khng iu ch trc tip c C
2
H
6
?
A. CH
3
CH
2
-COONA. B. CHCH.
C. CH
3
CH
2
-OH. D. NaOOC-CH
2
CH
2
-COONa.
247

Bi 14: Cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl
2
theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a
thu c l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Bi 15: Hai hirocacbon A v B c cng cng thc phn t C
5
H
12
tc dng vi Cl
2
theo t
l mol 1 : 1 th A to ra mt dn xut duy nht cn B th cho 4 dn xut. Tn gi ca A v B
ln lt l
A. 2,2-imetylpropan v 2-metylbutan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan v pentan.
C. 2-metylbutan v 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-metylbutan v pentan.
Bi 16: Cho cc ankan C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
, C
5
H
12
. Nhm ankan khng c ng phn khi tc
dng vi Cl
2
t l 1 : 1 v s mol to ra dn xut duy nht l
A. C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
. B. C
2
H
6
,

C
5
H
12
.
C. C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
. D. C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
, C
5
H
12
.
Bi 17: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi
khng kh (trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v 9,9
gam nc. Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin
nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt.
Bi 18: Tin hnh crackinh 2,9 gam butan nhit cao. Sau mt thi gian thu c hn
hp kh A gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
10
. t chy hon ton A trong kh O
2
d,
ri dn ton b sn phm sinh ra qua bnh ng H
2
SO
4
C. tng khi lng ca bnh
ng H
2
SO
4
c l
A. 9,0 gam. B. 6,75 gam. C. 2,25 gam. D. 4,5 gam.
Bi 19: Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc
th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut) ; t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 12. Cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C
6
H
14
. B. C
3
H
8
. C. C
4
H
10
. D. C
5
H
12
.
Bi 20: Khi brom ho mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi
hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l
A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan.
C. isopentan. D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.
Bi 21: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO
2
v 0,132 mol
H
2
O. Khi X tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1 : 1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy
nht. Tn gi ca X l
A. 2-metylbutan. B. etan.
248

C. 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-metylpropan.
Bi 22: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%) tc
dng vi clo theo t l s mol 1 : 1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut
monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l
A. 2-metylpropan. B. 2,3-imetylbutan.
C. butan. D. 3-metylpentan.
Bi 23: Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt o v c hai nguyn t
cacbon bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO
2
(
cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl
2
(theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s
dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
Bi 24: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hirocacbon l C
n
H
2n+1
. Hirocacbon thuc
dy ng ng ca
A. ankan. B. ankin. C. ankaien. D. anken.
Bi 25: S ng phn cu to ca anken ng vi cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
(khng k ng
phn cis - trans) l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10.
Bi 26: Trong phng th nghim etilen c iu ch bng cch
A. tch hiro t etan.
B. crckinh propan.
C. un nng ancol etylic vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
o
C.
D. cng hiro vo axetilen.
Bi 27: S sn phm ti a to thnh khi cho isopren tc dng vi HBr theo t l mol 1 : 1
l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Bi 28: Hp cht CH
3
CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-C C-CH(CH
3
)
2
c tn l
A. 3,6-imetylhept-4-in. B. isopropylisobutylaxetilen.
C. 5-etyl-2-metylhex-3-in. D. 2,5-imetylhept-3-in.
Bi 29: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng ?
A. Trong phn t hirocacbon, s nguyn t hiro lun l s chn.
B. Trong phn t anken, lin kt i gm mt lin kt o v mt lin kt t.
249

C. Hirocacbon no l hirocacbon m trong phn t ch c lin kt n.
D. Cng thc chung ca hirocacbon no c dng C
n
H
2n + 2
.
Bi 30: C 5 cht: metan, etilen, propin, buta-1,3-ien, xiclopentan. S lng cc cht c
kh nng lm mt mu dung dch brom l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 31: Cho s chuyn ho:
Metan
(1)
X
1

(2)
X
2

(3)
X
3

(4)
Cao su buna
X
2
l cht no sau y ?
A. Axetilen. B. Etilen.
C. Vinylaxetilen. D. Etilen hoc axetilen.
Bi 32: T vi, than v cc cht v c cn thit. S phn ng ti thiu iu ch etylen
glicol l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
Bi 33: Cho hirocacbon Y tc dng vi brom trong iu kin thch hp, ch thu c mt
dn xut cha brom c t khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C
5
H
10
. B. C
4
H
10
. C. C
5
H
12
. D. C
6
H
6
.
Bi 34: t chy hon ton 4,3 gam mt hirocacbon X cn dng va V lt O
2
( ktc),
thu c hn hp sn phm trong khi lng CO
2
nhiu hn khi lng H
2
O l 6,9
gam. Cng thc phn t ca X v gi tr V l
A. C
6
H
14
; 10,64. B. C
6
H
14
; 6,72. C. C
5
H
8
; 11,2. D. C
4
H
8
; 10,08.
Bi 35: Hp cht Z c cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
. Hiro ho hon ton Z thu c mt hp
cht no, mch nhnh. Z c kh nng trng hp to ra polime. Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. (CH
3
)
2
CH-C CH. B. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
.

C. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CH=CH
2
.
Bi 36: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy gm
cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H
2
(d, xc tc Ni, t
o
), cho cng mt sn phm l
A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en.
B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en.
C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en.
D. 2-metylpropen, cis-but-2-en v xiclobutan.

250

Bi 37: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln
khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng
A. ankan. B. ankaien. C. anken. D. ankin.
Bi 38: tch ring tng cht kh t hn hp propan, propen, propin ta ch cn dng cc
cht l
A. Zn, dung dch Br
2
, dung dch NaOH, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
B. dung dch Br
2
, dung dch HCl, dung dch KMnO
4
, NA.
C. dung dch KMnO
4
, dung dch NaCl, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
D. dung dch HCl, dung dch Br
2
, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, Zn.
Bi 39: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1 : 1 to sn phm c
thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
6
. B. C
3
H
4
. C. C
2
H
4
. D. C
4
H
8
.
Bi 40: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon A l cht kh iu kin thng thu c
m gam H
2
O. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C
4
H
8
. B. C
3
H
8
. C. C
2
H
4
. D. C
4
H
6
.
Bi 41: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng
phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th
hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d), thu c s gam kt ta l
A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10.
Bi 42: Cht A c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
8
. Cho A tc dng vi AgNO
3
(d) trong dung
dch NH
3
thu c cht B kt ta. Phn t khi ca B ln hn ca A l 214. S cng thc
cu to c th c ca A l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 43: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon Y, ton b sn phm chy c dn vo bnh
ng nc vi trong (d) thy to thnh 6 gam kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch
gim 1,92 gam. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3
.

B. CH
2
=CH-CH
3
.

C. CHC-CH
3
.

D. CH
2
=C=CH
2
.


Bi 44: Cho 0,1 mol mt hirocacbon X mch h lm mt mu va 300 ml dung dch
Br
2
1M, to dn xut c cha 90,22% brom v khi lng. X tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
to kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CHC-CH
2
-CCH.

B. CH
2
=CH-CCH.


C. CH
3
-CH=CH-CCH. D. CHC-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
.


251

Bi 45: t chy hirocacbon A (th kh iu kin thng) thu c s mol CO
2
bng
hai ln s mol H
2
O. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C
2
H
2
, C
6
H
6
. B. C
2
H
2
, C
4
H
4
.
C. C
2
H
2
, C
4
H
4
, C
6
H
6
. D. C
4
H
4
, C
6
H
6
.
Bi 46: Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c
cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai
sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l
A. but-1-en. B. xiclopropan. C. but-2-en. D. propilen.
Bi 47: kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO
4
0,2M to thnh cht rn mu nu en
cn V lt kh C
2
H
4
( ktc). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 2,240. B. 2,688. C. 4,480. D. 1,344.
Bi 48: Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v C
2
H
4
c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung
nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho
l
A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40%.
Bi 49: Cho s chuyn ho: CH
4

C
2
H
2

C
2
H
3
Cl

PVC
tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn V m
3
kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr
ca V l (bit CH
4
chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%)
A. 358,4. B. 448,0. C. 286,7. D. 224,0.
Bi 50: Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H
2
v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt thi gian vi
xc tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1. Nu cho ton b Y sc
t t vo dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,0. B. 3,2. C. 8,0. D. 32,0.
Bi 51: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H
2
l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t
chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO
2
v H
2
O thu c l
A. 20,40 gam. B. 18,60 gam. C. 18,96 gam. D. 16,80 gam.
Bi 52: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C
3
H
6
, CH
4
, CO (th tch CO gp hai
ln th tch CH
4
), thu c 24,0 ml CO
2
(cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v
p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l
A. 12,9. B. 25,8. C. 22,2. D. 11,1.
Bi 53: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm mt ankan X v mt ankin Y, thu c s
mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O. Thnh phn phn trm v s mol ca X v Y trong hn hp M
ln lt l
A. 75% v 25%. B. 20% v 80%. C. 35% v 65%. D. 50% v 50%.
252

Bi 54: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn
t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc
phn t ca M v N ln lt l
A. 0,1 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,2 mol C
2
H
2
. B. 0,2 mol C
2
H
4
v 0,1 mol C
2
H
2
.
C. 0,1 mol C
3
H
6
v 0,2 mol C
3
H
4
. D. 0,2 mol C
3
H
6
v 0,1 mol C
3
H
4
.
Bi 55: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y gm C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
ri cho sn phm
hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thu c 29,5 gam kt ta v khi lng
dung dch thu c gim 10,76 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,14. B. 4,18. C. 1,84. D. 1,48.
Bi 56: Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy
hon ton hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, thu
c hn hp kh Z c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
8
. B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
3
H
4
.
Bi 57: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C
2
H
2
v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh
CO
2
v 2 lt hi H
2
O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
6
. B. C
2
H
4
. C. CH
4
. D. C
3
H
8
.
Bi 58: un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,06 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,04 mol H
2
vi xc tc Ni, sau
mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng
dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O
2
l 0,5.
Khi lng bnh ng dung dch brom tng l
A. 1,04 gam. B. 1,32 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D. 1,20 gam.
Bi 59: un nng 5,14 gam hn hp kh X gm metan, hiro v mt ankin vi xc tc Ni,
thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho hn hp Y li qua bnh ng dung dch brom d thu c
6,048 lt hn hp kh Z (ktc) c t khi i vi H
2
bng 8. tng khi lng ca bnh
dung dch brom l
A. 0,82 gam. B. 0,28 gam. C. 2,08 gam. D. 8,02 gam.
Bi 60: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp A gm C
n
H
2n+2
, C
m
H
2m+2
v C
x
H
2x
thu c
0,22 mol CO
2
v 0,31 mol H
2
O. S mol ca ankan v anken c trong hn hp A ln lt l
A. 0,08 mol ; 0,07 mol. B. 0,075 mol ; 0,075 mol.
C. 0,07 mol ; 0,08 mol. D. 0,09 mol ; 0,06 mol.
Bi 61: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh
cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br
2
0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br
2
gim i mt
na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
6
. B. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
.
C. C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
. D. C
2
H
2
v C
3
H
8
.
253

Bi 62: Cho hn hp X gm CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung
dch brom (d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 36 gam
kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH
4
c trong X l
A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 25%. D. 40%.
Bi 63: S ng phn hirocacbon thm ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5.
Bi 64: Toluen phn ng vi Br
2
khi chiu sng cho sn phm th d dng v tr no ?
A. nhm metyl. B. Meta. C. ortho v para. D. ortho.
Bi 65: C ba cht lng khng mu l: benzen, toluen, stiren. C th dng dung dch no
sau y nhn bit mi cht trn ?
A. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
. B. Dung dch NaOH.
C. Dung dch KMnO
4
. D. Dung dch Br
2
.
Bi 66: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. stiren ; clobenzen ; isopren ; but-1-en.
B. 1,2-iclopropan ; vinylaxetilen ; vinylbenzen ; toluen.
C. buta-1,3-ien ; cumen ; etilen ; trans-but-2-en.
D. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten ; propilen ; stiren ; vinyl cloruA.
Bi 67: Cho cc hirocacbon: eten, axetilen, benzen, xiclopropan, toluen, isopentan, stiren,
naphtalen. S cht lm mt mu dung dch Br
2
l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Bi 68: Cht no sau y u l thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin v ca kh m du ?
A. H
2
. B. CO. C. CH
4
. D. C
4
H
10
.
Bi 69: Nha than em chng ct phn on si 170 - 230
o
C, gi l
A. du nh. C. du trung. B. du nng. D. hc n.
Bi 70: Nh my lc du l nh my
A. ch lc b cc tp cht c trong du m.
B. cho sn phm u l cc cht lng.
C. ch bin du m thnh cc sn phm khc nhau.
D. ch sn xut xng du.
254







Bi 1: S lng ng phn cu to ca C
4
H
8
Cl
2
l
A. 6. B.7. C. 8. D. 9.
Bi 2: S ng phn cu to (k c ng phn cis - trans) ca C
3
H
5
Br l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 3: Cho s phn ng:
But-1-in

A
1

HBr
A
2

o
KOH, ancol, t
A
3

Trong A
1
, A
2
, A
3
l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca A
3
l
A. CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
-CH
3
. B. CH
3
-CC-CH
3
.
C. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
. D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
.
Bi 4: Cho s chuyn ho: CH
3
CH
2
Cl
KCN
X
3
o
H O
t
+
Y
Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l
A. CH
3
CH
2NH
2
, CH
3
CH
2COOH. B. CH
3
CH
2CN, CH
3
CH
2COOH.
C. CH
3
CH
2
CN, CH
3
CH
2
CHO. D. CH
3
CH
2
CN, CH
3
CH
2
COONH
4
.
Bi 5: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng ?
A. ng vi cng thc C
3
H
5
Br c 4 ng phn cu to.
B. Anlyl bromua d tham gia phn ng th hn phenyl bromuA.
C. Vinyl clorua c th c iu ch t etilen.
D. Etyl clorua thuc loi dn xut halogen bc hai.
Bi 6: un hn hp gm C
2
H
5
Br v KOH d trong C
2
H
5
OH, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, dn kh sinh ra qua dung dch Br
2
d, thy c 8 gam Br
2
phn ng. Khi lng
C
2
H
5
Br em phn ng l
A. 10,9 gam. B. 5,45 gam. C. 8,175 gam. D. 5,718 gam.
Bi 7: un nng 2,92 gam hn hp X gm propyl clorua v phenyl clorua vi dung dch
NaOH long (va ), sau thm tip dung dch AgNO
3
n d vo hn hp sau phn
ng thu c 2,87 gam kt ta. Thnh phn % khi lng phenyl clorua c trong X l
A. 46,23%. B. 61,47%. C. 53,77%. D. 38,53%.
H
2
, Pd vi PbCO
3
Chuyn 10
DN XUT HALOGEN.
ANCOL-PHENOL
255

Bi 8: ng vi cng thc phn t C
5
H
12
O c my ng phn ancol bc mt ?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 9: C bao nhiu ancol bc hai, no, n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca nhau
m phn t ca chng c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 68,18% ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 10: Khi phn tch thnh phn mt ancol n chc X th thu c kt qu: tng
khi lng ca cacbon v hiro gp 3,625 ln khi lng oxi. S ng phn ancol ng
vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.
Bi 11: S loi lin kt hiro c th c khi ho tan ancol etylic vo nc l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 12: Khi un nng hn hp ancol gm CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c,
140
o
C) th s ete thu c ti a l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
Bi 13: un nng hn hp metanol v etanol vi H
2
SO
4
c trong khong nhit t
130
o
C n 180
o
C. S lng sn phm hu c thu c l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 14: Ancol b oxi ho bi CuO cho sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng
gng l
A. propan-2-ol. B. etanol.
C. pentan-3-ol. D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
Bi 15: Ancol no sau y kh b oxi ho nht ?
A. Ancol sec-butylic. B. Ancol tert-butylic.
C. Ancol isobutylic. D. Ancol butylic.
Bi 16: ng phn no ca ancol C
4
H
10
O khi tch nc s cho hai olefin ?
A. Ancol butylic. B. Ancol isobutylic.
C. Ancol sec-butylic. D. Ancol tert-butylic.
Bi 17: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l
A. HBr (t
o
), Na, CuO (t
o
), CH
3
COOH (xc tc).
B. Ca, CuO (t
o
), C
6
H
5
OH (phenol), HOCH
2
CH
2
OH.
C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).
D. Na
2
CO
3
, CuO (t
o
), CH
3
COOH (xc tc), (CH
3
CO)
2
O.
Bi 18: Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy
nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
3
-CHOH-CH
3
. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-CHOH-CH
3
.
256

C. CH
3
-CO-CH
3
. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH.
Bi 19: Phng php no iu ch ancol etylic di y ch dng trong phng th nghim ?
A. Ln men tinh bt.
B. Thu phn etyl bromua trong dung dch kim khi un nng.
C. Hirat ho etilen xc tc axit.
D. Phn ng kh anehit axetic bng H
2
xc tc Ni un nng.
Bi 20: Hirat ho 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol. Hai anken l
A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en. B. propen v but-2-en.
C. eten v but-2-en. D. eten v but-1-en.
Bi 21: Chn Bi ng trong cc Bi sau:
A. un nng ancol metylic vi H
2
SO
4
c 140 - 170
o
C thu c ete.
B. Ancol a chc ho tan Cu(OH)
2

to thnh dung dch mu xanh da tri.
C. iu ch ancol no, n chc bc mt l cho anken cng nc.
D. Khi oxi ho ancol no, n chc thu c anehit.
Bi 22: Propan-2-ol khng th iu ch trc tip t
A. propilen. B. axeton. C. 2-clopropan. D. propanal.
Bi 23: Cho s chuyn ho sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat
Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH, CH
3
OH.
C. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH. D. C
2
H
4
, CH
3
COOH.
Bi 24: Khi tch nc t ancol 3-metylbutan-2-ol, sn phm chnh thu c l
A. 3-metylbut-1-en. B. 2-metylbut-2-en.
C. 3-metylbut-2-en. D. 2-metylbut-3-en.
Bi 25: Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
10
O to thnh ba anken l
ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. (CH
3
)
3
COH. B. CH
3
OCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
.
C. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
. D. CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CH
2
OH.
Bi 26: Khi tch nc t 2 ancol ng phn c cng thc C
4
H
10
O vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
o
C
thu c 3 anken (khng k ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to ca hai ancol l
A. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH v (CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH.
B. (CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH v (CH
3
)
3
COH.
C. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH.
D. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
v (CH
3
)
3
COH.
257

Bi 27: Hiro ho cht A mch h c cng thc C
4
H
6
O c ancol butylic. S cng thc
cu to c th c ca A l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.
Bi 28: C my ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
Br
2
khi thu phn trong dung
dch kim cho sn phm l anehit ?
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Bi 29: Cho s chuyn ho sau: C
2
H
2

HCl +
A
NaOH +
CH
3
CHO
Cng thc cu to ca cht A

c th l
A. CH
2
=CHCl. B. CH
3
-CHCl
2
.
C. ClCH
2
-CH
2
Cl. D. CH
2
=CHCl hoc CH
3
-CHCl
2
.
Bi 30: Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH
2
-CH
2
OH (X) ; HOCH
2
-CH
2
-
CH
2
OH (Y) ; HOCH
2
-CHOH-CH
2
OH (Z) ; CH
3
-CH
2
-O-CH
2
-CH
3
(R) ; CH
3
-CHOH-CH
2
OH
(T). Nhng cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)
2
to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l
A. X, Y, R, T. B. X, Z, T. C. Z, R, T. D. X, Y, Z, T.
Bi 31: Cho cc hp cht sau:
(a) HOCH
2
-CH
2
OH ; (b) HOCH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH
(c) HOCH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
2
OH ; (d) CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
OH
(e) CH
3
-CH
2
OH ; (f) CH
3
-O-CH
2
CH
3

Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)
2
l
A. (a), (b), (c). B. (c), (d), (f).
C. (a), (c), (d). D. (c), (d), (e).
Bi 32: Cht hu c X mch h, bn, tn ti dng trans c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O, X
lm mt mu dung dch Br
2
v tc dng vi Na gii phng kh H
2
. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X l
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
2
OH. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH=CHOH.
C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)CH
2
OH. D. CH
3
CH=CHCH
2
OH.
Bi 33: Cho cc phn ng:
HBr + C
2
H
5
OH
o
t
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2

C
2
H
4
+ HBr

C
2
H
6
+ Br
2
askt (1 : 1 mol)

S phn ng to ra C
2
H
5
Br l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Bi 34: Cho s chuyn ho:
Butan-2-ol

X (anken)
HBr +
Y
Mg, ete khan +
Z
Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l
H
2
SO
4
c, t
o
258

A. (CH
3
)
3
C-MgBr. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-MgBr.
C. CH
3
-CH(MgBr)-CH
2
-CH
3
. D. (CH
3
)
2
CH-CH
2
-MgBr.
Bi 35: nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C
6
H
5
- trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn
ng gia phenol vi
A. dung dch NaOH. B. Na kim loi.
C. nc Br
2
. D. H
2
(Ni, nung nng).
Bi 36: nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc phenyl v ngc li c chng minh bi phn
ng ca phenol vi
A. Na v nc brom. B. dung dch NaOH v nc brom.
C. nc brom v dung dch NaOH. D. dung dch NaOH v fomanehit.
Bi 37: un nng fomanehit vi phenol (d) c axit lm xc tc thu c polime c cu
trc
A. mch khng phn nhnh. B. mch phn nhnh.
C. mng li khng gian. D. C A, C u ng.
Bi 38: S cht ng vi cng thc phn t C
7
H
8
O (l dn xut ca benzen) khng tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.
Bi 39: S hp cht thm c cng thc C
7
H
8
O tc dng vi Na, vi dung dch NaOH ln
lt l
A. 3 ; 2. B. 4 ; 3. C. 3 ; 4. D. 4 ; 4.
Bi 40: Cho dy cc axit: phenic, picric, p-nitrophenol. T tri sang phi tnh axit
A. tng. B. gim.
C. va tng va gim. D. khng thay i.
Bi 41: Dng mt ho cht no sau y nhn bit stiren, toluen, phenol ?
A. Dung dch Br
2
. B. Dung dch HCl.
C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Dung dch HNO
3
.
Bi 42: C 4 cht lng ng trong 4 l b mt nhn: ancol etylic, toluen, phenol, axit fomic.
nhn bit 4 cht c th dng nhm thuc th no sau y ?
A. Qu tm, nc Br
2
, dung dch NaOH.
B. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
, nc Br
2
, Na.
C. Qu tm, nc Br
2
, dung dch K
2
CO
3
.
D. Na, dung dch HCl, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
Bi 43: Cho s :
C
6
H
6
(benzen)
2
o
Cl (1 : 1 mol)
Fe, t
+
X
o
t , P cao
Y
axit HCl +
Z
Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l
+ NaOH c, d

259

A. C
6
H
6
(OH)
6
, C
6
H
6
Cl
6
. B. C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
, C
6
H
4
Cl
2
.
C. C
6
H
5
OH, C
6
H
5
Cl. D. C
6
H
5
ONa, C
6
H
5
OH.
Bi 44: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
Metan
(1)
A
1

(2)
A
2

(3)
A
3

(4)
A
4

(5)
phenol
Cng thc cu to ca cc cht hu c A
1
, A
2
, A
3
, A
4
ln lt l
A. HCHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
Cl.
B. CHCH, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
NO
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl.
C. CHCH, CH
2
=CH
2
, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
Cl.
D. CHCH, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
Br, C
6
H
5
Ona.
Bi 45: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
Toluen
2
o
Br (1 : 1 mol)
Fe, t
+
X
o
t , P cao
Y

Z
Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c. Z c thnh phn chnh gm
A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. B. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen.
C. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. D. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.
Bi 46: Cho 4 cht: phenol (A), ancol etylic (B), benzen (C), axit axetic (D). linh ng
ca nguyn t hiro trong phn t cc cht trn tng dn theo th t l
A. A < B < C < D. B. C < D < B < A.
C. C < B < A < D. D. B < C < D < A.
Bi 47: Phenol tc dng vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y ?
A. Na, KOH, dung dch Br
2
, HCl.
B. K, NaOH, HNO
3
c, dung dch Br
2
.
C. Na, NaOH, CaCO
3
, CH
3
COOH.
D. K, HCl, axit cacbonic, dung dch Br
2
.
Bi 48: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l
A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na.
B. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
C. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
Bi 49: Trong thc t, phenol c dng sn xut
A. nha poli(vinyl clorua), nha novolac v cht dit c 2,4-D.
B. nha rezol, nha rezit v thuc tr su 666.
C. poli(phenol-fomanehit), cht dit c 2,4-D v axit picric.
D. nha rezit, cht dit c 2,4-D v thuc n TNT.
+ NaOH c (d)

+ HCl (d)

260

Bi 50: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
8
O
2
,
tc dng c vi Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H
2
thu c bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l
s mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C
6
H
5
CH(OH)
2
. B. HOC
6
H
4
CH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
. D. CH
3
OC
6
H
4
OH.
Bi 51: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng
khng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO
3
. Tn gi ca X l
A. anilin. B. phenol. C. axit acrylic. D. metyl axetat.
Bi 52: t chy hon ton 1 mol cht X (C, H, O) cho ra 4 mol CO
2
. Bit X cng Br
2
theo
t l mol 1 : 1 ; X tc dng vi Na cho ra kh H
2
v X cho phn ng trng gng. Cng thc
cu to ca hp cht X l
A. HO-CH=CH-CH
2
-CHO. B. CH
2
=C(OH)-CH
2
-CHO.
C. CH
2
=CH-CH(OH)-CHO. D. C A, B, C u ng.
Bi 53: un nng mt ancol n chc X vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c trong iu kin nhit
thch hp sinh ra cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,6428. Cng thc phn t
ca Y l
A. C
3
H
8
O. B. C
2
H
6
O. C. CH
4
O. D. C
4
H
8
O.
Bi 54: Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ancol X, ch thu c mt anken duy
nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 5,4 gam
nc. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X ?
A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
Bi 55: Tch nc hon ton t hn hp X gm 2 ancol A v B ta c hn hp Y gm
cc olefin. Nu t chy hon ton X th thu c 1,76 gam CO
2
. Khi t chy hon
ton Y th tng khi lng H
2
O v CO
2

sinh ra l
A. 1,76 gam B. 2,76 gam. C. 2,48 gam. D. 2,94 gam.
Bi 56: Cho m gam mt ancol no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau
khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu
c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,92. B. 0,32. C. 0,64. D. 0,46.
Bi 57: t chy hon ton mt ancol X thu c CO
2
v H
2
O c t l s mol tng ng l 3
: 4. Th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy X bng 1,5 ln th tch kh CO
2
thu c ( cng
iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
8
O
3
. B. C
3
H
4
O. C. C
3
H
8
O
2
. D. C
3
H
8
O.
Bi 58: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc) n khi
phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este
ho l
A. 55%. B. 50%. C. 62,5%. D. 75%.
261

Bi 59: un nng 6,0 gam CH
3
COOH vi 6,0 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c H
2
SO
4
lm xc tc, hiu
sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l
A. 6,0 gam. B. 4,4 gam. C. 8,8 gam. D. 5,2 gam.
Bi 60: Khi ln men 1 lt ancol etylic 9,2
o
thu c dung dch cha x gam axit axetic. Bit
hiu sut qu trnh ln men l 80% v khi lng ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht l 0,8
g/ml. Gi tr ca x l
A. 96. B. 76,8. C. 120. D. 80.
Bi 61: Ln men hon ton m gam glucoz thnh ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO
2
sinh ra
trong qu trnh ny c hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d) to ra 40 gam kt ta.
Nu hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men l 75% th gi tr ca m l
A. 60. B. 58. C. 30. D. 48.
Bi 62: Khi lng ca tinh bt cn dng trong qu trnh ln men to thnh 5 lt ancol
etylic 46
o
l (bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 72% v khi lng ring ca ancol etylic
nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml)
A. 5,4 kg. B. 5,0 kg. C. 6,0 kg. D. 4,5 kg.
Bi 63: Cho Na d vo mt dung dch cn (C
2
H
5
OH + H
2
O), thy khi lng H
2
bay ra
bng 3% khi lng cn dng. Dung dch cn c nng phn trm l
A. 72,57%. B. 70,57%. C. 75,57%. D. 68,57%.
Bi 64: Ancol X mch h c s nguyn t cacbon bng s nhm chc. Cho 9,3 gam ancol X tc
dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt kh. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
3
OH. B. HOCH
2
CH
2
OH.
C. HOCH
2
CH(OH)CH
2
OH. D. C
2
H
5
OH.
Bi 65: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol ancol no A mch h cn t nht 0,25 mol O
2
. Cng
thc phn t ca ancol A l
A. C
2
H
6
O
2
. B. C
3
H
8
O
2
. C. C
3
H
8
O
3
. D. C
2
H
6
O.
Bi 66: X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi,
thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO
2
. Cng thc ca X l
A. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
. B. C
3
H
7
OH. C. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
. D. C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
.
Bi 67: t chy hon ton mt ancol a chc, mch h X, thu c H
2
O v CO
2
vi t l
s mol tng ng l 3 : 2. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
6
O
2
. B. C
2
H
6
O. C. C
3
H
8
O
2
. D. C
4
H
10
O
2
.
Bi 68: Oxi ho m gam etanol thu c hn hp X gm axetanehit, axit axetic, nc v
etanol d. Cho ton b X tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO
3
(d), thu c 0,56 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Khi lng etanol b oxi ho to ra axit l
A. 1,15 gam. B. 4,60 gam. C. 2,30 gam. D. 5,75 gam.
Bi 69: Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h thu c V
lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v a gam H
2
O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l
262

A.
V
m 2a
22, 4
= . B.
V
m 2a
11, 2
= . C.
V
m a
5, 6
= + . D.
V
m a
5, 6
= .
Bi 70: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm hai ancol X v Y l ng ng k tip ca
nhau, thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,425 mol H
2
O. Mt khc, cho 0,25 mol hn hp M
tc dng vi Na (d), thu c cha n 0,15 mol H
2
. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l
A. C
2
H
6
O
2
, C
3
H
8
O
2
. B. C
2
H
6
O, CH
4
O.
C. C
3
H
6
O, C
4
H
8
O. D. C
2
H
6
O, C
3
H
8
O.
Bi 71: t chy 3,075 gam hn hp hai ancol ng ng ca ancol metylic v cho sn
phm ln lt i qua bnh (1) ng H
2
SO
4
c v bnh (2) ng KOH rn. Nu cho lng
hai ancol trn tc dng ht vi Na thy bay ra 672 ml H
2
( ktc). Tng khi lng tng
ca hai bnh l
A. 3,645 gam. B. 9,915 gam. C. 6,534. D. 5,919.
Bi 72: un nng hn hp gm hai ancol n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
o
C. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 6 gam hn
hp gm ba ete v 1,8 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca hai ancol trn l
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. C
3
H
5
OH v C
4
H
7
OH. D. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
Bi 73: un nng 2 ancol n chc X, Y vi H
2
SO
4
c c hn hp gm 3 ete. Ly
ngu nhin mt ete trong s 3 ete t chy hon ton c 6,6 gam CO
2
v 3,6 gam
H
2
O. X, Y l
A. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
B. Hai ancol n chc c s nguyn t cacbon bng nhau.
C. Hai ancol n chc khng no.
D. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH.
Bi 74: un nng hn hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H
2
SO
4
c, thu c hn hp
gm cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt
kh CO
2
( ktc) v 7,2 gam H
2
O. Hai ancol l
A. C
2
H
5
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v CH
3
OH.
C. CH
3
OH v C
3
H
7
OH. D. CH
3
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH.
Bi 75: Cho hn hp X gm hai ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp X, thu c CO
2

v H
2
O c t l mol tng ng l 3 : 4. Hai ancol l
A. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
v C
4
H
7
(OH)
3
. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
C. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
v C
4
H
8
(OH)
2
. D. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
v C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
.
Bi 76: Cho 7,8 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc
dng ht vi 4,6 gam Na, thu c 12,25 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l
A. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH. B. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH.
C. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH. D. C
3
H
5
OH v C
4
H
7
OH.
263

Bi 77: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH)
2
th to thnh
dung dch c mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l
A. 9,8 ; propan-1,2-iol. B. 4,9 ; propan-1,2-iol.
C. 4,9 ; propan-1,3-iol. D. 4,9 ; glixerol.
Bi 78: Khi t 0,1 mol mt cht X (dn xut ca benzen), khi lng CO
2
thu c nh
hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to
thu gn ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
C
6
H
4
OH. B. HOCH
2
C
6
H
4
COOH.
C. HOC
6
H
4
CH
2
OH. D. C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
.
Bi 79: Cho 3,38 gam hn hp X gm CH
3
OH, CH
3
COOH, C
6
H
5
OH tc dng va
vi Na thot ra 672 ml kh (ktc). C cn dung dch th thu c hn hp rn Y. Khi
lng Y l
A. 4,76 gam. B. 4,70 gam. C. 4,04 gam. D. 3,61 gam.
Bi 80: iu ch axit picric, ngi ta i t 9,4 gam phenol v dng mt lng HNO
3
ln
hn 50% so vi lng HNO
3
cn thit. S

mol HNO
3
dng v khi lng axit picric thu
c l
A. 0,3 mol ; 18,32 gam. B. 0,45 mol ; 22,9 gam.
C. 0,4 mol ; 21,2 gam. D. 0,35 mol ;18,32 gam.

















264








Bi 1: Fomalin (hay fomon) c dng ngm xc ng vt, thuc da, ty u, dit
trng, Fomalin l
A. dung dch rt long ca anehit fomic.
B. dung dch cha khong 40% axetanehit.
C. dung dch 37 - 40% fomanehit trong nc.
D. tn gi ca H-CH=O.
Bi 2: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng ?
A. Trong phn t anehit, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt o .
B. Hp cht R-CHO c th iu ch c t R-CH
2
-OH.
C. Hp cht hu c c nhm -CHO lin kt vi H l anehit.
D. Anehit va th hin tnh kh, va th hin tnh oxi ho.
Bi 3: S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
O l
A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 4: Trong cng nghip, axeton c iu ch t
A. xiclopropan. B. propan-1-ol. C. propan-2-ol. D. cumen.
Bi 5: Th t gim dn nhit si ca cc cht CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, H
2
O l
A. H
2
O, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH. B. H
2
O, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
CHO, H
2
O, C
2
H
5
OH. D. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, H
2
O.
Bi 6: Cho cc cht: HCN, H
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
, dung dch Br
2
. S cht phn ng c
vi (CH
3
)
2
CO l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.
Bi 7: Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l
A. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
2, C
2
H
4
. B. C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2.
C. C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
2
, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. D. HCOOC
2
H
3
, C
2
H
2
, CH
3
COOH.
Bi 8: Cho s chuyn ho: C
6
H
5
CH
3

4
o
2
KMnO
H O, t
X
3
H O
+
Y
Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l
Chuyn 11
ANEHIT - XETON
- AXIT CACBOXYLIC
265

A. C
6
H
5
CHO, C
6
H
5
COOH. B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
OK, C
6
H
5
CHO.
C. C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH, C
6
H
5
CHO. D. C
6
H
5
COOK, C
6
H
5
COOH.
Bi 9: C th dng mt cht no trong cc cht di y nhn bit c cc cht: ancol
etylic, glixerol, anehit axetic ng trong ba l mt nhn ?
A. ng (II) hiroxit. B. Qu tm.
C. Kim loi natri. D. Dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
Bi 10: Bng 3 phng trnh phn ng c th iu ch c cao su buna t cht no trong
cc cht sau y ?
A. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH. B. CH
3
-|CH
2
|
2
-CHO.
C. CH
3
COOH. D. OHC-|CH
2
|
2
-CHO.
Bi 11: Mt anehit no X mch h, khng phn nhnh, c cng thc thc nghim l
(C
2
H
3
O)
n
. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. OHC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO. B. OHC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO.
C. OHC-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CHO. D. OHC-CH(CH
3
)-CHO.
Bi 12: Cho cc cht sau: CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO (1), CH
2
=CH-CHO (2), (CH
3
)
2
CH-CHO (3), CH
2
=CH-
CH
2
-OH (4). Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng d H
2
(Ni, t
o
) cng to ra mt sn
phm l
A. (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (4).
Bi 13: Cho cc s phn ng sau:
A

B + C ; B + 2H
2

o
Ni, t

ancol isobutylic
A + CuO
o
t
D + E + C ; D + 4AgNO
3

o
3
dd NH , t
F + G + 4Ag
A c cng thc cu to l
A. (CH
3
)
2
C(OH)-CHO. B. HO-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-CHO.
C. OHC-CH(CH
3
)-CHO. D. CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
-CHO.
Bi 14: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO
2
v c mol H
2
O
(bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc
dy ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc.
Bi 15: un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H
2
(xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o
cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z ; cho Z tc dng vi Na
sinh ra H
2
c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit
A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc.
B. no, hai chc.
H
2
SO
4
c, 170
o
C
266

C. no, n chc.
D. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc.
Bi 16: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O v c cc tnh
cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom ; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H
2
nhng ch c Z
khng b thay i nhm chc ; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH
3
COOH. Cc
cht X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
CHO, CH
2
=CH-O-CH
3
, (CH
3
)
2
CO.
B. (CH
3
)
2
CO, C
2
H
5
CHO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH.
C. C
2
H
5
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH.
D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
OH, C
2
H
5
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO.
Bi 17: t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O. Nu
cho X tc dng vi lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
, sinh ra s mol Ag gp 4 ln s
mol X phn ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO. B. CH
3
CHO. C. (CHO)
2
. D. C
2
H
5
CHO.
Bi 18: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H
2
d (xc tc Ni, t
o
)
th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H
2
. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc
chung l
A. C
n
H
2n
(CHO)
2
(n > 0). B. C
n
H
2n+1
CHO (n >0).
C. C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n > 2). D. C
n
H
2n-3
CHO (n > 2).
Bi 19: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H
2
i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht
Y th thu c 11,7 gam H
2
O v 7,84 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H
2
trong X l
A. 46,15%. B. 35,00%. C. 53,85%. D. 65,00%.
Bi 20: Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng
ng. Cng thc ca anehit l
A. HCHO. B. C
2
H
3
CHO. C. C
2
H
5
CHO. D. CH
3
CHO.
Bi 21: Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch
NH
3
thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l
A. HCHO. B. CH
2
=CH-CHO. C. OHC-CHO. D. CH
3
CHO.
Bi 22: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
, un
nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi
4,6 gam NA. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCHO. B. CH
3
CHO.
C. OHC-CHO. D. CH
3
CH(OH)CHO.
Bi 23: Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO
3
long,
267

thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca
X l
A. CH
3
CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH
3
CH
2
CHO. D. CH
2
=CHCHO.
Bi 24: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng thu c
32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. HCHO v C
2
H
5
CHO. B. HCHO v CH
3
CHO.
C. C
2
H
3
CHO v C
3
H
5
CHO. D. CH
3
CHO v C
2
H
5
CHO.
Bi 25: Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH
3
OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp
sn phm X (gm HCHO, H
2
O v CH
3
OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH
3
OH l
A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%.
Bi 26: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H
2
O v 0,4368
lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
trong mi trng kim khi un nng.
Cht X l
A. O=CH-CH=O. B. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH.
C. CH
3
COCH
3
. D. C
2
H
5
CHO.
Bi 27: Hiro ho hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch
h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (M
X
< M
Y
), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi
lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO
2
.
Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l
A. HCHO v 50,56%. B. CH
3
CHO v 67,16%.
C. CH
3
CHO v 49,44%. D. HCHO v 32,44%.
Bi 28: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k
tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t
chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,8. B. 24,8. C. 10,5. D. 8,8.
Bi 29: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi
Y (c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8. B. 8,8. C. 7,4. D. 9,2.
Bi 30: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng. Oxi ho hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit
thch hp, thu c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,3. B. 13,5. C. 8,1. D. 8,5.

268

Bi 31: Axit stearic c cng thc phn t no sau y ?
A. C
17
H
35
COOH. B. C
17
H
33
COOH. C. C
15
H
31
COOH. D. C
17
H
31
COOH.
Bi 32: Cht no sau y c ng phn cis - trans ?
A. 2-Metylbut-1-en. B. Axit oleic.
C. But-2-in. D. Axit panmitic.
Bi 33: C
3
H
6
O
2
c tt c bao nhiu ng phn mch h ?
A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 3.
Bi 34: Axit fomic c phn ng trng gng v trong phn t c
A. nhm cacbonyl. B. nhm cacboxyl.
C. nhm chc anehit. D. nhm hiroxyl.
Bi 35: Ba cht hu c A, B, C c cng nhm nh chc, c cng thc phn t tng ng
l CH
2
O
2
, C
2
H
4
O
2
, C
3
H
4
O
2
. Tn gi cc cht A, B, C ln lt l
A. axit fomic, axit axetic, axit metacrylic.
B. metyl fomat, metyl axetat, metyl acrylat.
C. axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit propionic.
D. axit fomic, axit axetic, axit acrylic.
Bi 36: So snh nhit si ca cc cht: ancol etylic (1), nc (2), imetyl ete (3), axit
axetic (4). Kt qu no ng ?
A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4). B. (3) < (1) < (2) < (4).
C. (2) < (4) < (1) < (3). D. (4) < (2) < (1) < (3).
Bi 37: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) v imetyl ete
(T). Dy cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l
A. T, Z, Y, X. B. Z, T, Y, X. C. T, X, Y, Z. D. Y, T, X, Z.
Bi 38: Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi l:
A. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
6, CH
3
COOH.
B. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
6, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH.
C. C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO, CH
3
COOH.
D. C
2
H
6
, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH.
Bi 39: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l
A. CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOH, CH
3
CHO.
B. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
C. CH
3
COOH, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
D. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
Bi 40: So snh tnh axit ca cc cht: CH
3
COOH (A) ; C
2
H
5
OH (B) ; C
6
H
5
OH (C) ;
HCOOH (D). Th t tnh axit gim dn l
269

A. C > B > A > D. B. D > B > A > C.
C. D > A > C > B. D. B > C > D > A.
Bi 41: Cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. isopren. B. stiren.
C. etylbenzen. D. axit metacrylic.
Bi 42: C tt c bao nhiu hp cht n chc, mch h cha nguyn t hiro linh ng c
cng thc l C
4
H
6
O
2

?
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3.

D. 4.

Bi 43: Ch t xenluloz v cc cht v c cn thit, c th qua ti thiu my phn ng
iu ch etyl axetat ?
A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4.
Bi 44: Cho cc cht sau: phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp
cht tc dng c vi nhau l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Bi 45: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH
3
COOH
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH
2
. B. CH
3
CHO v CH
3
CH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
CH(OH)COOH v CH
3
CHO.
Bi 46: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit axetic l
A. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
B. CH
3
CHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
(glucoz), CH
3
OH.
C. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
D. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, CH
3
OH, CH
3
CHO.
Bi 47: Cc cht hu c n chc X
1
, X
2
, X
3
, X
4
c cng thc tng ng l CH
2
O, CH
2
O
2
,
C
2
H
6
O, C
2
H
4
O
2
. Chng thuc cc dy ng ng khc nhau, trong c mt cht tc dng
c vi natri sinh ra kh hiro. Cng thc cu to X
1
, X
2
, X
3
, X
4
ln lt l
A. HCHO, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOCH
3
.
B. CH
3
OH, HCHO, CH
3
OCH
3
, CH
3
COOH.
C. HCHO, HCOOH, CH
3
OCH
3
, HCOOCH
3
.
D. HCHO, CH
3
OCH
3
, CH
3
OH, CH
3
COOH.
Bi 48: Cho s chuyn ho:
X
(1)
C
3
H
6
Br
2

) 2 (
C
3
H
8
O
2

) 3 (
C
3
H
4
O
2

) 4 (
HOOC-CH
2
-COOH
X l cht no sau y ?
A. Xiclopropan. B. Propen.
C. Propan. D. Xiclopropan hoc propen.
270

Bi 49: Cho s phn ng:
NH
3

3
CH I +
X
HONO +
Y
o
CuO
t
+
Z
Bit Z c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
OH, HCHO. B. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
OH, HCHO. D. CH
3
OH, HCOOH.
Bi 50: Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
, vy cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C
6
H
8
O
6
. B. C
3
H
4
O
3
. C. C
12
H
16
O
12
. D. C
9
H
12
O
9
.
Bi 51: X l mt ng ng ca benzen c cng thc nguyn l (C
3
H
4
)
n
; Y l mt axit no
a chc c cng thc nguyn l (C
3
H
4
O
3
)
n
. Hai cht X, Y ln lt c cng thc phn t l
A. C
6
H
8
, C
9
H
12
O
9
.

B. C
9
H
12
, C
6
H
8
O
6
.
C. C
9
H
12
, C
9
H
12
O
9
. D. C
6
H
8
, C
6
H
8
O
6
.
Bi 52: X l hp cht mch h cha C, H, O. X ch cha nhm chc c nguyn t hiro
linh ng. Nu cho X tc dng vi Na th s mol H
2
thot ra bng s mol ca X. Cng thc
ca X l
A. R(COOH)
2
. B. R(OH)
2
.
C. HO-R-COOH D. C A, B, C u ng.
Bi 53: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi
Na hoc vi NaHCO
3
th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l
A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic.
C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic.
Bi 54: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
l
A. anehit axetic, but-1-in, etilen. B. anehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in.
C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen.
Bi 55: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O
2
(
ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96. B. 11,2. C. 6,72. D. 4,48.
Bi 56: t chy 7,3 gam mt axit no, mch h thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,25 mol H
2
O.
Axit cho c cng thc l
A. COOH-COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH. C. C
4
H
8
(COOH)
2
. D. CH
3
COOH.
Bi 57: t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
. Mt khc, trung
ho a mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH. B. C
2
H
5
-COOH.
C. CH
3
-COOH. D. HOOC-COOH.

(t l mol 1 : 1)
271

Bi 58: trung ho 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam
dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. HCOOH. C. C
2
H
5
COOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
Bi 59: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht Z l mui natri ca mt axit hu c n chc thu
c kh CO
2
, hi nc v Na
2
CO
3
; trong c 0,15 mol CO
2
. Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. HCOONA. B. C
2
H
5
COONA. C. CH
3
COONA. D. C
2
H
3
COONA.
Bi 60: Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng
600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c hn hp cht rn
khan c khi lng l
A. 8,64 gam. B. 6,84 gam. C. 4,90 gam. D. 6,80 gam.
Bi 61: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung
dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht
rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
Bi 62: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO
3
thu c
7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
2
=CH-COOH. B. CH
3
COOH.
C. HCC-COOH. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-COOH.
Bi 63: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag
to thnh l
A. 43,2 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 64,8 gam. D. 21,6 gam.
Bi 64: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH
2
=CH-COOH, CH
3
COOH v CH
2
=CH-
CHO phn ng va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04
mol X cn dng va 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M. Khi lng ca CH
2
=CH-
COOH trong X l
A. 0,56 gam. B. 1,44 gam. C. 0,72 gam. D. 2,88 gam.
Bi 65: Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml
dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng th thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit acrylic. B. axit propanoic.
C. axit etanoic. D. axit metacrylic.
Bi 66: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc) n khi
phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este
ho l
A. 55%. B. 50%. C. 62,5%. D. 75%.
Bi 67: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH
3
COOH (t l mol 1 : 1). Ly 5,3 gam hn
hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C
2
H
5
OH (c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c m gam hn hp
272

este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,12. B. 6,48. C. 8,10. D. 16,20.
Bi 68: Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH
3
COOH v 1 mol C
2
H
5
OH, lng este
ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin
hnh este ho 1 mol CH
3
COOH cn s mol C
2
H
5
OH l (bit cc phn ng este ho thc
hin cng nhit )
A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456.
Bi 69: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon
ton 0,3 mol hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
( ktc). Nu trung ho 0,3 mol X th cn
dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l
A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH
2
-COOH.
C. HCOOH, C
2
H
5
COOH. D. HCOOH, CH
3
COOH.
Bi 70: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t
cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48
lt kh H
2
( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO
2
. Cng thc cu
to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH v 54,88%.
C. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%.
273








Bi 1: Mt s este c mi thm hoa qu, khng c. Cho bit etyl butirat v isoamyl axetat
ln lt c mi g ?
A. Mi chui chn v mi to. B. Mi to v mi hoa nhi.
C. Mi o chn v mi hoa nhi. D. Mi da v mi chui chn.
Bi 2: Phn ng c trng ca este l
A. phn ng x phng ho. B. phn ng este ho.
C. phn ng nitro ho. D. phn ng v c ho.
Bi 3: Tin trnh phn ng este ho gia CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
OH. thu c este vi hiu
sut cao, ta c th
A. dng d axit axetic.
B. dng d ancol etylic.
C. chng ct thu ly este trong qu trnh phn ng.
D. C A, B, C u ng.
Bi 4: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
2
l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 4. D. 6.
Bi 5: S ng phn n chc, mch h ca C
4
H
8
O
2
l
A. 8. B. 6. C. 4. D. 2.
Bi 6: S hp cht l ng phn cu to, c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
, tc dng c
vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng tc dng c vi Na l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.
Bi 7: Este X c cha vng benzen v c cng thc phn t l C
8
H
8
O
2
. S ng phn cu
to ca X l
A. 4. B. 7. C. 6. D. 5.
Bi 8: Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol l
A. RCOO ' R . B. R(COO ' R )
a
.
C. (RCOO)
b
' R . D. R
b
(COO)
ab
' R
a
.

Chuyn 12
ESTE - LIPIT
274

Bi 9: S hp cht hu c n chc c cng cng thc n gin nht CH
2
O l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 10: Trong cc cht: ancol etylic, axit axetic, anehit axetic, metyl axetat. Cht c nhit
si cao nht l
A. anehit axetic. B. metyl axetat. C. axit axetic. D. ancol etylic.
Bi 11: Cho cc cht sau: CH
3
COOH (A), C
2
H
5
COOH (B), CH
3
COOCH
3
(C),
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH

(D). Chiu tng dn nhit si (t tri qua phi) ca cc cht trn l
A. D, A, C, B. B. C, D, A, B. C. A, C, D, B. D. A, B, D, C.
Bi 12: Cho 4 cht: HCOOCH
3
, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
COOCH
3
. Cht t tan trong
nc nht l
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
3
COOCH
3
. C. CH
3
COOH. D. HCOOCH
3
.
Bi 13: Mnh khng ng l
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2
cng dy ng ng vi CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
.
B. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui.
C. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2
tc dng c vi dung dch Br
2
.
D. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH=CH
2 c th trng hp to polime.
Bi 14: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO
2
sinh ra bng s mol
O
2
phn ng. Tn gi ca este l
A. metyl fomat. B. etyl axetat.
C. n-propyl axetat. D. metyl axetat.
Bi 15: Este X c cc c im sau: t chy hon ton X to thnh CO
2
v H
2
O c s mol
bng nhau ; Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng
gng) v cht Z (c s nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X).
Pht biu khng ng l
A. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra 2 mol CO
2
v 2 mol H
2
O.
B. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc.
C. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc.
D. un Z vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
c 170
o
C thu c anken.
Bi 16: Cho cc dung dch: Br
2
(1), KOH (2), C
2
H
5
OH (3), AgNO
3
(4). Vi iu kin phn
ng coi nh c th vinyl fomat tc dng c vi nhng cht l
A. (2). B. (4), (2). C. (1), (3). D. (2), (4), (1).
Bi 17: Poli(vinyl axetat) l polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp
A. C
2
H
5
COO-CH=CH
2
. B. CH
2
=CH-COO-C
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COO-CH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
3
.
Bi 18: Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn ng
trng hp
275

A. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)COOCH
3
. B. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
.
C. C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
. D. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
Bi 19: un nng A vi dung dch NaOH d thu c mui v ancol a chc. Cng thc
cu to ca A l
A. CH
3
-COO-CH(CH
3
)
2
. B. CH
3
-COO-CHCl-CH
3
.
C. CH
3
-COO-CH
2
-CH
2
Cl. D. CH
3
-COO-CH=CH
2
.
Bi 20: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(vi xc tc axit), thu c hai sn
phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l
A. ancol metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. axit fomic. D. ancol etylic.
Bi 21: Hai cht hu c X
1
v X
2
u c phn t khi bng 60. X
1
c kh nng phn ng
vi: Na, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
. X
2
phn ng c vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn
ng NA. Cng thc cu to ca X
1
, X
2
ln lt l
A. CH
3
-COOH, CH
3
-COO-CH
3
. B. (CH
3
)
2
CH-OH, H-COO-CH
3
.
C. H-COO-CH
3
, CH
3
-COOH. D. CH
3
-COOH, H-COO-CH
3
.
Bi 22: Khi thy phn hon ton mt este n chc A bng dung dch NaOH d, ngi ta thu
c 2 mui hu c. Cng thc ca A l
A. CH
3
COOC
6
H
5
. B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
3
.
C. HCOOCCl
2
CH
3
. D. C A, C u ng.
Bi 23: Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH,
HCOOCH
3
. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 24: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
6
O
2
, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit
thu c axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l
A. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
3
. B. HCOO-C(CH
3
)=CH
2
.
C. HCOO-CH=CH-CH
3
. D. CH
3
COO-CH=CH
2
.
Bi 25: Khi thu phn este C
4
H
6
O
2
trong mi trng axit, thu c mt hn hp gm 2
cht u c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca este l
A. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
C. HCOOCH
2
CH=CH
2
. D. HCOOCH=CHCH
3
.


Bi 26: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
C
3
H
4
O
2
+ NaOH X + Y ; X + H
2
SO
4
long Z + T
Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l
A. HCHO, CH
3
CHO. B. HCHO, HCOOH.
C. CH
3
CHO, HCOOH. D. HCOONa, CH
3
CHO.
Bi 27: Qu trnh no sau y khng to ra anehit axetic ?
A. CH
2
=CH
2
+ H
2
O (t
o
, xc tc HgSO
4
).
276

B. CH
2
=CH
2
+ O
2
(t
o
, xc tc).
C. CH
3
-COOCH=CH
2
+ dung dch NaOH (t
o
).
D. CH
3
-CH
2
OH + CuO (t
o
).
Bi 28: Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v khi tham gia
phn ng x phng ho to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu
cng thc cu to ph hp vi X ?
A. 2. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 29: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung
dch thu c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y.
Cht X c th l
A. HCOOCH=CH
2
. B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
C. HCOOCH
3
. D. CH
3
COOCH=CH-CH
3
.
Bi 30: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2
ln lt tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO
3
. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
Bi 31: Cho 7 cht: propan-1,2,3-triol (A), phenylamoni clorua (B), p-crezol (C), axit
acrylic (D), fomanehit (E), metyl fomat (F), anilin (G). Trong cc cht , nhng cht
khng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. B, C v F. B. C v E. C. A v C. D. A, E v G.
Bi 32: Cho s phn ng: CH
4
O + X
2 4
H SO
(CHCOOCH
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
X l hp cht no trong s cc hp cht sau ?
A. O=CH-CH=CH-CH=O. B. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH.
C. HO-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH=O. D. HO-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-OH.
Bi 33: Cho hai s phn ng:
A + NaOH d
o
t
B + C
6
H
5
ONa + CH
3
CHO + H
2
O (1)
B + NaOH rn
o
CaO, t
C
2
H
6
+ Na
2
CO
3
(2)
Bit
B
n :
NaOH
n = 1 : 2 v B c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. Cng thc cu to ca
A l
A. C
6
H
5
OOCCH(CH
3
)COOCH=CH
2
. B. C
6
H
5
OOCCH
2
CH
2
COOCH
2
CH
3
.
C. CH
2
=CHOOCCH
2
CH
2
COOC
6
H
5
. D. CH
3
OOCCH
2
COOCH
2
C
6
H
5
.
Bi 34: Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng va vi 500
ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn ng, thu c hn hp Y gm hai mui ca hai axit
cacboxylic v mt ancol. Cho ton b lng ancol thu c trn tc dng vi Na (d),
sinh ra 3,36 lt H
2
( ktc). Hn hp X gm
A. mt axit v mt este. B. mt este v mt ancol.
277

C. hai este. D. mt axit v mt ancol.
Bi 35: Cho m gam hn hp gm hai cht hu c n chc, mch h tc dng va vi
dung dch cha 11,2 gam KOH, thu c mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol X.
Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H
2
( ktc). Hai cht hu c l
A. mt este v mt axit. B. hai axit.
C. hai este. D. mt este v mt ancol.
Bi 36: Phn ng: RCOOH + R

OH
o
xt, t

RCOO R

+ H
2
O, c hng s cn bng
C
K = 2,25. Nu bt u 1 mol axit v 1 mol ancol, khi t n trng thi cn bng th %
ancol b este ho l
A. 50%. B. 60%. C. 65%. D. 70%.
Bi 37: X phng ho 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l
A. 8,56 gam. B. 3,28 gam. C. 10,4 gam. D. 8,2 gam.
Bi 38: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC
2
H
5
v
CH
3
COOCH
3
bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu
cn dng l
A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml.
Bi 39: X phng ho hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi
H
2
SO
4
c 140
o
C, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 4,05. B. 8,10. C. 18,00. D. 16,20.
Bi 40: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH
4
l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2
gam este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X l
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. D. HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
.
Bi 41: Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH
4
l 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300
ml dung dch KOH 1M (un nng). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 28 gam cht
rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-COO-CH
3
. B. CH
2
=CH-COO-CH
2
-CH
3
.
C. CH
3
-COO-CH=CH-CH
3
. D. CH
3
-CH
2
-COO-CH=CH
2
.
Bi 42: Cho 20 gam mt este X (c phn t khi l 100 vC) tc dng vi 300 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng
thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH=CHCH
3
.
C. C
2
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=CHCOOC
2
H
5
.
278

Bi 43: Thy phn hon ton mt este n chc A bng dung dch NaOH thu c 1,84
gam ancol B. un nng lng ancol B trn vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
o
C thu c 0,672 lt
olefin (ktc) vi hiu sut l 75%. Cng thc ancol B l
A. C
4
H
9
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C. C
3
H
7
OH. D. C
3
H
5
OH.
Bi 44: Khi thu phn hon ton 0,05 mol este ca mt axit cacboxylic a chc vi mt
ancol n chc tiu tn ht 5,6 gam KOH. Mt khc, khi thu phn 5,475 gam este th
dng ht 4,2 gam KOH v thu c 6,225 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca este l
A. (COOC
2
H
5
)
2
. B. (COOCH
3
)
2
.
C. C
2
H
4
(COOC
2
H
5
)
2
. D. (COOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
)
2
.
Bi 45: un nng hn hp gm 1 mol axit axetic v 2 mol etylen glicol vi xc tc H
2
SO
4

c thu c mt hn hp gm hai este A v B, trong t l s mol n
A
: n
B
= 2 : 1 v M
B
>
M
A.
Bit rng ch c 60% axit axetic b chuyn ho thnh este. Khi lng ca este B l
A. 21,9 gam. B. 31,2 gam. C. 41,6 gam. D. 29,2 gam.
Bi 46: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
O
2
. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi
dung dch NaOH, thu c mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4
gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCOOC(CH
3
)=CHCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOC(CH
3
)=CH
2
.
C. HCOOCH
2
CH=CHCH
3
. D. HCOOCH=CHCH
2
CH
3
.
Bi 47: Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
12
O
4
. Cho 0,1 mol X
tc dng va vi 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam
hn hp mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
3
OOC-|CH
2
|
2
-COOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COO-|CH
2
|
2
-COOC
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COO-|CH
2
|
2
-OOCC
2
H
5
. D. CH
3
OOC-CH
2
-COO-C
3
H
7
.
Bi 48: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy
ch gm 4,48 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu
c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l
A. etyl propionat. B. metyl propionat.
C. isopropyl axetat. D. etyl axetat.
Bi 49: un nng 0,1 mol cht A vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH thu c 13,4
gam mui ca mt axit hu c vi 9,2 gam ancol n chc. Cho lng ancol bay hi (
ktc) chim th tch 4,48 lt. Cng thc cu to ca A l
A. CH
3
OOC-CH
2
-COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
OOC-|CH
2
|
2
-COOCH
3
.
C. C
3
H
7
COOC
2
H
5
. D. C
2
H
5
OOC-COOC
2
H
5
.
Bi 50: A l este n chc no, c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. X phng ho A bng
mt lng va dung dch NaOH ch thu c mt sn phm duy nht B. C cn dung
dch sau phn ng, nung cht B vi vi ti xt thu c ancol Z v mt mui v c. t
279

chy hon ton ancol Z thu c CO
2
v hi nc c t l th tch
O H CO
2 2
V : V = 3 : 4. Cng
thc cu to ca este A l
A. CH
2
CH
2
C = O. B. CH
2
C = O.

CH
2
O

CH
2
O


C. HCOOCH
2
-CH=CH
2
. D. HCOOCH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
.
Bi 51: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu
c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N
2
(o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu
to thu gn ca X v Y l
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3.

B. C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
3.
C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2.

D. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5.
Bi 52: Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X
cn dng va 3,976 lt kh O
2
( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO
2
. Mt khc, X tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc
phn t ca hai este trong X l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
v C
5
H
10
O
2
. B. C
2
H
4
O
2
v C
3
H
6
O
2
.
C. C
3
H
4
O
2
v C
4
H
6
O
2
. D. C
3
H
6
O
2
v C
4
H
8
O
2
.
Bi 53: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp hai este no, n chc, mch h cn 3,976
lt oxi (ktc), thu c 6,38 gam kh CO
2
. Cho lng este ny tc dng va vi dung
dch NaOH, thu c hn hp hai ancol k tip v 3,28 gam mui ca mt axit hu c.
Cng thc cu to ca hai este l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
B. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
.
C. HCOOCH
3
v HCOOCH
2
CH
3
.
D. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
.
Bi 54: X phng ho hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c
2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip
nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
. D. HCOOCH
3
v HCOOC
2
H
5
.
Bi 55: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100
ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t
chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng
dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht
hu c trong X l
280

A. CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
C. HCOOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. D. HCOOH v HCOOC
3
H
7
.
Bi 56: V mt cu trc, lipit thuc loi hp cht no sau y ?
A. ete. B. este. C. axit. D. polime.
Bi 57: bin mt s du thnh m rn hoc b nhn to ngi ta thc hin qu trnh
A. lm lnh. B. c cn nhit cao.
C. hiro ho (c xc tc Ni). D. x phng ho.
Bi 58: Cc pht biu sau, pht biu no l khng ng ?
A. Khi x phng ho cht bo thu c glixerol v cc axit bo.
B. Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit bo.
C. X phng l hn hp mui natri hoc kali ca cc axit bo.
D. Cht bo thc vt hu ht trng thi lng, do cha ch yu cc gc axit bo khng no.
Bi 59: Pht biu ng l
A. Phn ng gia axit v ancol khi c H
2
SO
4
c l phn ng mt chiu.
B. Tt c cc este phn ng vi dung dch kim lun thu c sn phm cui cng l
mui v ancol.
C. Khi thy phn cht bo lun thu c C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
.
D. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
Bi 60: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Nhit si ca este thp hn hn so vi ancol c cng phn t khi.
B. Trong cng nghip c th chuyn ho cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn.
C. S nguyn t hiro trong phn t este n v a chc lun l mt s chn.
D. Sn phm ca phn ng x phng ho cht bo l axit bo v glixerol.
Bi 61: Cho glixerol phn ng este ho vi axit axetic, trong hn hp sn phm to ra c
th c s lng cht thuc loi este l
A. 1 cht. B. 3 cht. C. 4 cht. D. 5 cht.
Bi 62: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH,
s loi trieste c to ra ti a l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Bi 63: Du m lu b i, thiu l do
A. cht bo b ra ra.
B. cht bo b oxi ho chm bi oxi khng kh.
C. cht bo b thy phn vi nc trong khng kh.
D. cht bo b phn hy thnh cc anehit c mi kh chu.
281

Bi 64: X phng ho mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C
10
H
14
O
6
trong dung dch NaOH
(d), thu c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc
ca ba mui l:
A. CH
2
=CH-COONa, CH
3
-CH
2
-COONa v HCOONa.
B. HCOONa, CHC-COONa v CH
3
-CH
2
-COONa.
C. CH
2
=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CHC-COONa.
D. CH
3
-COONa, HCOONa v CH
3
-CH=CH-COONa.
Bi 65: Cho glixerol trioleat (hay triolein) ln lt vo mi ng nghim cha ring bit:
Na, Cu(OH)
2
, CH
3
OH, dung dch Br
2
, dung dch NaOH. Trong iu kin thch hp, s phn
ng xy ra l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Bi 66: Khi thy phn kim 265,2 gam cht bo to bi mt axit cacboxylic thu c 288
gam mui kali. Cht bo ny c tn gi l
A. glixerol tristearat. B. glixerol trioleat.
C. glixerol trilinoleat. D. glixerol tripanmitat.
Bi 67: Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol v hai loi axit
bo. Hai loi axit bo l
A. C
15
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH. B. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH.
C. C
17
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH. D. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH.
Bi 68: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l
A. 17,80 gam. B. 18,24 gam. C. 16,68 gam. D. 18,38 gam.
Bi 69: trung ho lng axit t do c trong 14 gam mt mu cht bo cn 15 ml dung dch
KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l
A. 4,8. B. 7,2. C. 6,0. D. 5,5.
Bi 70: Mt loi m cha 50% olein, 30% panmitin v 20% stearin. i t 100 kg m ny
s iu ch c mt lng x phng natri l
A. 86,6 kg. B. 112 kg. C. 100 kg. D. 103,60 kg.
282








Bi 1: Cacbohirat nht thit phi cha nhm chc ca
A. ancol. B. xeton. C. amin. D. anehit.
Bi 2: Phn t saccaroz c to bi
A. mt gc glucoz v mt gc mantoz.
B. hai gc fructoz.
C. mt gc glucoz v mt gc fructoz.
D. hai gc glucoz.
Bi 3: Cacbohirat ch cha hai gc glucoz trong phn t l
A. saccaroz. B. tinh bt.
C. mantoz. D. xenluloz.
Bi 4: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Tinh bt khng c phn ng trng gng.
B. Tinh bt tan tt trong nc ngui.
C. Tinh bt cho phn ng mu vi dung dch iot.
D. Tinh bt c phn ng thu phn.
Bi 5: Cho mt s tnh cht: c dng si (1) ; tan trong nc (2) ; tan trong nc Svayde
(3) ; phn ng vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4) ; tham gia phn ng trng
bc (5) ; b thu phn trong dung dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l
A. (2), (3), (4) v (5). B. (3), (4), (5) v (6).
C. (1), (2), (3) v (4). D. (1), (3), (4) v (6).
Bi 6: Cp cht no sau y khi phn ng vi H
2
(xc tc Ni, t
o
) u to ra sobitol ?
A. mantoz v glucoz. B. saccaroz v fructoz.
C. saccaroz v mantoz. D. fructoz v glucoz.
Bi 7: Cp cht no sau y khng phi l ng phn ca nhau ?
A. Mantoz v saccaroz. B. Tinh bt v xenluloz.
C. Fructoz v glucoz. D. Metyl fomat v axit axetic.
Bi 8: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng
Chuyn 13
CACBOHIRAT

283

A. ho tan Cu(OH)
2
. B. trng ngng.
C. trng gng. D. thy phn.
Bi 9: Cho cc cht: glucoz, saccaroz, tinh bt, glixerol, xenluloz, fructoz. Nhng cht
b thy phn l
A. glucoz, tinh bt, xenluloz.
B. glucoz, glixerol, saccaroz, xenluloz.
C. saccaroz, glixerol, fructoz.
D. saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz.
Bi 10: T c sn xut t xenluloz l
A. t nilon-6,6. B. t capron. C. t visco. D. t tm.
Bi 11: Cc loi t c ngun gc xenluloz l
A. si bng, t visco, t capron.
B. t axetat, si bng, t visco.
C. t tm, len, t visco.
D. si bng, t tm, t nilon-6,6.
Bi 12: Mt cht khi thu phn trong mi trng axit, un nng khng to ra glucoz. Cht
l
A. tinh bt. B. protein. C. saccaroz. D. xenluloz.
Bi 13: Nhn bit s c mt ca ng glucoz trong nc tiu, ngi ta c th dng thuc
th no trong cc thuc th sau y ?
A. Dung dch AgNO
3
. B. Cu(OH)
2
.
C. Giy o pH. D. C A, B u ng.

Bi 14: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho
dung dch glucoz phn ng vi
A. kim loi Na.
B. dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng.
C. Cu(OH)
2
trong NaOH, un nng.
D. Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng.
Bi 15: Cht khng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, un nng to thnh Ag l
A. glucoz. B. axit fomic. C. metyl fomat. D. axit axetic.
Bi 16: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH
3
COOH
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
2
=CH
2
. B. CH
3
CHO v CH
3
CH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO. D. CH
3
CH(OH)COOH v CH
3
CHO.
284

Bi 17: Cho cc chuyn ho sau:
X + H
2
O
o
xt, t
Y
Y + H
2

o
Ni, t
Sobitol
Y + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O
o
t
Amoni gluconat + 2Ag +
2NH
4
NO
3

Y
xt
E + Z
Z + H
2
O
nh sng
X + G
X, Y v Z ln lt l
A. xenluloz, fructoz v kh cacbonic.
B. tinh bt, glucoz v ancol etylic.
C. xenluloz, glucoz v kh cacbon oxit.
D. tinh bt, glucoz v kh cacbonic.
Bi 18: Nh dung dch iot ln ming chui xanh thy xut hin mu xanh tm l do chui
xanh c cha
A. glucoz. B. saccaroz. C. tinh bt. D. xenluloz.
Bi 19: Ch dng thm mt cht no trong cc cht di y nhn bit cc cht: ancol
etylic, axit axetic, glixerol, glucoz ng trong 4 l mt nhn ?
A. dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
. B. Qu tm.
C. CaCO
3
. D. Cu(OH)
2
.
Bi 20: C 4 gi bt trng: glucoz, saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz. Hy chn thuc th
c th nhn bit c c 4 cht trong cc thuc th sau:
A. nc, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, dung dch NaOH.
B. nc, O
2
(t chy), dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
C. nc, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, dung dch I
2
.
D. nc, dung dch HCl, dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
Bi 21: Ch dng Cu(OH)
2
c th phn bit c tt c cc dung dch ring bit trong dy no
sau y ?
A. glucoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic.
B. lng trng trng, glucoz, fructoz, glixerol.
C. saccaroz, glixerol, anehit axetic, ancol etylic.
D. glucoz, lng trng trng, glixerol, ancol etylic.
Bi 22: Trong cng nghip sn xut gng soi v rut phch nc, ngi ta cho dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3

tc dng vi cht no sau y ?
A. anehit fomic. B. saccaroz. C. glucoz. D. axetilen.
cht dip lc
285

Bi 23: Cho cc cht: glixerol, natri axetat, glucoz, ancol metylic. S cht c th phn
ng c vi Cu(OH)
2
iu kin thng l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Bi 24: Dy gm cc dung dch u tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
l
A. glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic, natri cacbonat.
B. mantoz, glucoz, ancol etylic, glixerol.
C. natri axetat, mantoz, glixerol, glucoz.
D. axit axetic, mantoz, anehit fomic, glixerol.
Bi 25: Cho cc cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, glucoz, imetyl ete v axit fomic. S cht
tc dng c vi Cu(OH)
2
l
A. 1. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.
Bi 26: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, mantoz. S cht trong
dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
Bi 27: Cho cc cht: glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz. Cc cht u
tham gia phn ng trng bc l
A. glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, mantoz.
B. fructoz, saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz.
C. glucoz, fructoz, mantoz.
D. glucoz, mantoz.
Bi 28: Dy gm cc dung dch u tham gia phn ng trng bc l
A. glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic, anehit axetic.
B. fructoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic.
C. glucoz, glixerol, mantoz, axit fomic.
D. glucoz, fructoz, mantoz, saccaroz.
Bi 29: Cho dy cc cht: C
2
H
2
, HCHO, HCOOH, CH
3
CHO, (CH
3
)
2
CO, C
12
H
22
O
11
(mantoz). S cht trong dy tham gia c phn ng trng gng l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.
Bi 30: Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A. Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom.
B. Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
C. Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
D. Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
Bi 31: Ch ra pht biu khng ng:
A. Dung dch fructoz ho tan c Cu(OH)
2
.
286

B. Thy phn (xc tc H
+
, t
o
) saccaroz cng nh mantoz u cho cng mt
monosaccarit.
C. Sn phm thy phn xenluloz (xc tc H
+
, t
o
) c th tham gia phn ng trng
gng.
D. Dung dch mantoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
khi un nng cho kt ta Cu
2
O.
Bi 32: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom.
B. Glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm -OH u to ete vi CH
3
OH.
C. Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng.
D. dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm -OH k nhau.
Bi 33: Tinh bt v xenluloz u c cng thc phn t (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
, ti sao tinh bt c th
n c cn xenluloz th khng ?
A. V tinh bt v xenluloz c cu to ho hc khc nhau.
B. V thy phn tinh bt v xenluloz u cho glucoz.
C. V h s trng hp ca tinh bt v xenluloz khc nhau.
D. V tinh bt v xenluloz u l cc polime t nhin.
Bi 34: Quy trnh sn xut ng ma gm cc giai on sau:
(1) p ma ;
(2) ty mu nc ma bng SO
2
;
(3) thm vi sa vo nc ma lc b tp cht ;
(4) thi CO
2
lc b CaCO
3
; (5) c c kt tinh ng.
Th t ng ca cc cng on l
A. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5). B. (1) (3) (2) (4) (5).
C. (1) (3) (4) (2) (5). D. (1) (5) (3) (4) (2).
Bi 35: Cho 50 ml dung dch glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi mt lng d
dung dch AgNO
3

trong NH
3
thu c 2,16 gam bc kt ta. Nng mol ca dung dch
glucoz dng l
A. 0,20M. B. 0,10M. C. 0,01M. D. 0,02M.
Bi 36: Lng glucoz cn dng to ra 1,82 gam sobitol vi hiu sut 80% l
A. 2,25 gam. B. 1,80 gam. C. 1,82 gam. D. 1,44 gam.
Bi 37: Cho glucoz ln men vi hiu sut 70%, hp th ton b sn phm kh thot ra vo
2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M (D = 1,05 g/ml) thu c dung dch cha hai mui vi tng
nng l 3,21%. Khi lng glucoz dng l
A. 67,5 gam. B. 135 gam. C. 192,86 gam. D. 96,43 gam.
Bi 38: Trong mt nh my ru, ngi ta dng nguyn liu l mn ca cha 50%
xenluloz sn xut ancol etylic vi hiu sut 70%. sn xut 1 tn ancol etylic th khi
lng mn ca cn dng l
A. 3521,7 kg. B. 5031 kg. C. 1760,8 kg. D. 2515,5 kg.
287

Bi 39: Cho m gam tinh bt ln men sn xut ancol etylic, ton b lng CO
2
sinh ra
cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thu c 750 gam kt ta. Bit hiu sut mi giai on ln
men l 80%. Gi tr m l
A. 945. B. 950,5. C. 949,2. D. 1000.
Bi 40: Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b
lng CO
2


sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, thu c 550 gam kt
ta v dung dch X. un k dung dch X thu thm c 100 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 550. B. 810. C. 650. D. 750.
Bi 41: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO
2
sinh ra hp th ht
vo dung dch nc vi trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch sau phn
ng gim 3,4 gam so vi khi lng dung dch nc vi trong ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A. 20,0. B. 30,0. C. 13,5. D. 15,0.
Bi 42: Th tch dung dch HNO
3
68% (D = 1,52 g/ml) cn dng phn ng vi
xenluloz (d) to ra 29,7 gam xenluloz trinitrat l
A. 27,794 ml. B. 18,286 ml. C. 42,247 ml. D. 32,895 ml.
Bi 43: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t xenluloz v axit nitric c c xc tc axit
sunfuric c, nng. c 29,7 kg xenluloz trinitrat, cn dng dung dch cha m kg axit
nitric (hiu sut phn ng t 90%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 42 kg. B. 10 kg. C. 30 kg. D. 21 kg.
Bi 44: Th tch ca dung dch axit nitric 63% (D = 1,4 g/ml) cn va sn xut c
59,4 kg xenluloz trinitrat (hiu sut 80%) l
A. 42,34 lt. B. 42,86 lt. C. 34,29 lt. D. 53,57 lt.
Bi 45: Th tch dung dch HNO
3
67,5% (khi lng ring l 1,5 g/ml) cn dng tc
dng vi xenluloz to thnh 89,1 kg xenluloz trinitrat l (bit lng HNO
3
b hao ht l
20%)
A. 55 lt. B. 81 lt. C. 49 lt. D. 70 lt.
Bi 46: T 16,20 tn xenluloz ngi ta sn xut c m tn xenluloz trinitrat (bit hiu
sut phn ng tnh theo xenluloz l 90%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 26,73. B. 33,00. C. 25,46. D. 29,70.
Bi 47: Mt on mch xenluloz c khi lng l 48,6 mg. S mt xch glucoz
(C
6
H
10
O
5
) c trong on mch l
A. 1,807.10
20
.

B. 1,807.10
23
.

C. 1,626.10
23
.

D. 1,626.10
20
.
Bi 48: Cho 8,55 gam cacbohirat A tc dng vi dung dch HCl, ri cho sn phm thu
c tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
to thnh 10,8 gam Ag. Cht A
l
A. xenluloz. B. glucoz. C. mantoz. D. tinh bt.
Bi 49: Kh CO
2
chim t l 0,03% th tch khng kh. cung cp CO
2
cho phn ng
quang hp to ra 81,0 gam tinh bt (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton) th th tch khng
kh ( ktc) cn dng l
A. 672 lt. B. 224000 lt. C. 56000 lt. D. 672000 lt.
288

Bi 50: Phn ng tng hp glucoz trong cy xanh cn c cung cp nng lng l 2813
kJ cho mi mol glucoz to thnh:
6CO
2
+ 6H
2
O C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2
; H A = 2813 kJ
Trong 1 pht, mi cm
2
l xanh nhn c khong 2,09 J nng lng mt tri, nhng ch
c 10% c s dng vo phn ng tng hp glucoz. Vi mt ngy nng (t 6 gi n 17
gi), din tch l xanh l 1 m
2
th lng glucoz tng hp c l
A. 88,266 gam. B. 2155,7 gam. C. 2482,92 gam. D. 882,66 gam.
289









Bi 1: S ng phn cu to ca amin bc mt c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
11
N l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
Bi 2: S lng ng phn amin thm c cng thc phn t C
7
H
9
N l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 8.
Bi 3: Cp ancol v amin no sau y c cng bc ?
A. (CH
3
)
3
C-OH v (CH
3
)
3
C-NH
2
.
B. (CH
3
)
2
CH-OH v (CH
3
)
2
CH-NH
2
.
C. C
6
H
5
-CH(OH)-CH
3
v C
6
H
5
-NH-CH
3
.
D. C
6
H
5
CH
2
-OH v CH
3
-NH-C
2
H
5
.
Bi 4: Tn gi ca C
6
H
5
-NH-CH
3
l
A. metylphenylamin. B. N-metylanilin.
C. N-metylbenzenamin. D. c A, B, C u ng.
Bi 5: Cht no sau y c tnh baz mnh nht ?
A. C
6
H
5
NH
2
. B. NH
3
. C. C
2
H
5
NH
2
. D. C
2
H
5
Cl.
Bi 6: Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l
A. anilin, metylamin, amoniac.
B. amoni clorua, metylamin, natri hiroxit.
C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit.
D. metylamin, amoniac, natri axetat.
Bi 7: C 4 hp cht cha nit: amoniac (X), imetylamin (Y), phenylamin (Z), metylamin
(T). Cc hp cht c sp xp theo chiu tnh baz tng dn l
A. Z < X < Y < T. B. T < Y < X < Z.
C. Z < X < T < Y. D. X < T < Z < Y.
Bi 8: Cho anilin vo nc, lc u. Thm ln lt dung dch HCl, ri dung dch NaOH
d, yn mt lc, hin tng quan st c l
A. Lc u trong sut, sau b c, ri phn lp.
Chuyn 14
AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PROTEIN
290

B. Dung dch b c, ri trong sut, sau phn lp.
C. Dung dch b c, sau trong sut.
D. Lc u trong sut, sau phn lp.
Bi 9: C ba cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren ng ring bit trong ba l mt nhn. Thuc
th phn bit ba cht lng trn l
A. nc brom. B. dung dch phenolphtalein.
C. dung dch natri hiroxit. D. giy qu tm.
Bi 10: Cho t t dung dch cha X (n d) vo dung dch AlCl
3
, thu c kt ta khng
tan. Cht X l
A. CH
3
NH
2
. B. NH
4
Cl.
C. NH
3
. D. NH
3
hoc CH
3
NH
2
.
Bi 11: Cht phn ng vi dung dch FeCl
3
cho kt ta l
A. CH
3
NH
2
. B. CH
3
COOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
OH. D. CH
3
COOH.
Bi 12: Cht X (C
3
H
9
O
2
N) tc dng vi NaOH c mui Y (cho trng gng) v kh Z
(lm xanh giy qu m v c th to thnh ancol bng mt phn ng). Cng thc cu to
ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
-COONH
4
. B. CH
3
-COONH
3
-CH
3
.
C. H-COONH
3
-C
2
H
5
. D. H-COONH
2
(CH
3
)
2
.
Bi 13: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
Metan X
1
X
2
X
3
X
4
anilin
Cng thc cu to ca cc cht hu c X
2
, X
3
, X
4
ln lt l
A. C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
Cl, C
6
H
5
ONA. B. CHCH, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
NO
2
.
C. C
6
H
12
O
6
, C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
NO
2
. D. C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
5
NO
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl.
Bi 14: Phenol v anilin u c phn ng th u tin ti cc v tr ortho v para trn nhn
benzen v
A. nguyn t oxi v nit cn cp electron t do.
B. c lin kt i ti cc v tr ortho v para.
C. nhm -OH v -NH
2
y electron nh hng n v tr ortho v para.
D. nhm -OH v -NH
2
ht electron nh hng n v tr ortho v para.
Bi 15: tch ring tng cht t hn hp gm benzen, phenol v anilin, ta c th dng
cc ho cht l
A. dung dch Br
2
, dung dch NaOH v CO
2
.
B. dung dch Br
2
, dung dch HCl v CO
2
.
C. dung dch NaOH, dung dch NaCl v CO
2
.
291

D. dung dch NaOH, dung dch HCl v CO
2
.
Bi 16: Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A. Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
to dung dch mu xanh lam.
B. Etylamin phn ng vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh.
C. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng.
D. Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui iazoni.
Bi 17: Cho dy cc cht: phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S
cht trong dy phn ng c vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.
Bi 18: Cho dy cc cht: CH
4
, C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
2
=CH-COOH, C
6
H
5
NH
2
(anilin),
C
6
H
5
OH (phenol), C
6
H
6
(benzen). S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l
A. 6. B. 8. C. 7. D. 5.
Bi 19: trung ho 25 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn
dng 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
5
N. B. C
2
H
7
N. C. CH
5
N. D. C
3
H
7
N.
Bi 20: Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan.
S cng thc cu to ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.
Bi 21: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam
mui. S ng phn cu to ca X l
A. 4. B. 8. C. 5. D. 7.
Bi 22: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 8,4 lt kh CO
2
, 1,4 lt kh
N
2
(cc th tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H
2
O. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
7
N. B. C
2
H
7
N. C. C
3
H
9
N. D. C
4
H
9
N.
Bi 23: t chy hon ton 1,18 gam amin n chc A bng mt lng khng kh va .
Dn ton b hn hp kh sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d, c 6 gam
kt ta v c 9,632 lt kh (ktc) duy nht thot ra khi bnh. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C
2
H
7
N. B. C
4
H
11
N. C. CH
5
N. D. C
3
H
9
N.
Bi 24: Cho 20 gam hn hp gm ba amin no n chc, ng ng k tip nhau tc dng
va vi dung dch HCl 1,6M, ri c cn dng dch thu c 31,68 gam hn hp mui.
Th tch dung dch HCl dng l
A. 200 ml. B. 160 ml. C. 320 ml. D. 250 ml.
Bi 25: Ngi ta iu ch anilin bng cch nitro ho 500 gam benzen ri kh hp cht nitro
sinh ra. Bit hiu sut mi giai on l 78%. Khi lng anilin thu c l
A. 463,4 gam. B. 465,0 gam. C. 362,7 gam. D. 346,7 gam.

292

Bi 26: Ngi ta iu ch anilin bng s sau:
Benzen

nitrobenzen
o
Fe HCl
t
+
anilin
Bit hiu sut giai on to thnh nitrobenzen t 60% v hiu sut giai on to thnh
anilin t 50%. Khi lng anilin thu c khi iu ch t 156 gam benzen l
A. 186,0 gam. B. 55,8 gam. C. 93,0 gam. D. 111,6 gam.
Bi 27: Mui C
6
H
5
N
2
+
Cl
-
(phenyliazoni clorua) c sinh ra khi cho C
6
H
5
NH
2 (anilin) tc
dng vi NaNO
2
trong dung dch HCl nhit thp (0 - 5
o
C). iu ch c 14,05
gam C
6
H
5
N
2
+
Cl
-
(vi hiu sut 100%), lng C
6
H
5
NH
2
v NaNO
2
cn dng va l
A. 0,1 mol v 0,4 mol. B. 0,1 mol v 0,2 mol.
C. 0,1 mol v 0,1 mol. D. 0,1 mol v 0,3 mol.
Bi 28: Hp cht CH
3
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH ngoi tn gi axit aminoaxetic c tn gi khc l
A. Glyxin. B. Alanin. C. Lysin. D. Valin.
Bi 29: C
4
H
9
O
2
N c s ng phn amino axit l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Bi 30: Phn ng to thnh polime ca amino axit thuc phn ng
A. trng hp. B. cng hp.
C. ng trng hp. D. trng ngng.
Bi 31: Glyxin khng tc dng c vi dung dch no sau y ?
A. NaHSO
4
. B. NaHCO
3
. C. NH
3
. D. KNO
3
.
Bi 32: Cht dng lm gia v thc n (gi l m chnh hay bt ngt) c cng thc cu to l
A. NaOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COONa.
B. NaOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH.
C. NaOOC-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-CH
2
-COOH.
D. NaOOC-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-CH
2
-COONa.
Bi 33: iu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Dung dch amino axit khng lm giy qu tm i mu.
B. Cc amino axit u tan c trong nc.
C. Khi lng phn t amino axit (gm 1 nhm -NH
2
v 1 nhm -COOH) lun l s l.
D. Hp cht amino axit c tnh lng tnh.
Bi 34: Pht biu khng ng l
A. Trong dung dch, H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH cn tn ti dng ion lng cc H
3
N
+
-CH
2
-COO
-
.
B. Amino axit l hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino v
nhm cacboxyl.
C. Amino axit l nhng cht rn, kt tinh, tan tt trong nc v c v ngt.
HNO
3
c, H
2
SO
4
c
293

D. Hp cht H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH
3
N-CH
3
l este ca glyxin.
Bi 35: chng minh amino axit l hp cht lng tnh ta c th dng phn ng ca cht
ny vi
A. dung dch HCl v dung dch Na
2
SO
4
.
B. dung dch NaOH v CuO.
C. dung dch Ba(OH)
2
v dung dch HCl.
D. dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH
3
.
Bi 36: Cp cht no sau y va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH ?
A. H
2
NCH
2
COOH v C
6
H
5
NH
2
. B. CH
3
COONH
4
v C
2
H
5
NH
2
.
C. CH
3
COONH
4
v HCOONH
3
CH
3
. D. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH v C
6
H
5
OH.
Bi 37: Hp cht C
3
H
7
O
2
N tc dng c vi NaOH, H
2
SO
4
v khng lm mt mu dung
dch Br
2
c cng thc cu to l
A. HCOONH
3
CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
2
=CHCOONH
4
.
C. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH. D. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
-NO
2
.
Bi 38: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Tn gi
ca X l
A. metyl aminoaxetat. B. axit | -aminopropionic.
C. axit o-aminopropionic. D. amoni acrylat.
Bi 39: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
9
O
2
N. Bit:
X + NaOH Y + CH
4
O ; Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl
Cng thc cu to ca X v Z ln lt l
A. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3
v CH
3
CH(NH
3
Cl)COOH.
B. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOCH
3
v CH
3
CH(NH
3
Cl)COOH.
C. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOCH
3
v CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH.
D. H
2
NCH
2
COOC
2
H
5
v ClH
3
NCH
2
COOH.
Bi 40: Cho cc cht sau: phenylamoni clorua, alanin, lysin, glyxin, etylamin. S cht lm
qu tm i mu l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 41: C cc dung dch ring bit sau: C
6
H
5
-NH
3
Cl (phenylamoni clorua),
H
2
N-CH
2
-
CH
2
-CH(NH)-COOH, ClH
3
N-CH
2
-COOH, H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa,

HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-
CH(NH
2
)-COOH. S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l
A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.
Bi 42: Cho dy cc cht: C
6
H
5
OH (phenol), CH
3
CH
2
COOH, C
6
H
5
NH
2
(anilin),
H
2
NCH
2
COOH, CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
294

Bi 43: T cc amino axit c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N c th to thnh bao nhiu loi
polime khc nhau ?
A. 3 loi. B. 6 loi. C. 4 loi. D. 5 loi.
Bi 44: Phn bit cc dung dch keo: h tinh bt, x phng, lng trng trng, ta dng
A. HCl, bt Al. B. NaOH, HNO
3
. C. NaOH, I
2
. D. HNO
3
, I
2
.
Bi 45: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
8
H
15
O
4
N. T X c chuyn ho sau:
X
o
dd NaOH, t +
C
5
H
7
O
4
NNa
2
+ CH
4
O + C
2
H
6
O
Bit C
5
H
7
O
4
NNa
2
c cu to mch cacbon khng phn nhnh v c nhm -NH
2
v tr o .
Cng thc cu to c th c ca X l
A. CH
3
OOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOC
2
H
5
.
B. C
2
H
5
OOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOCH
3
.
C. C
2
H
5
OOC-CH
2
-CH(NH
2
)-CH
2
-COOCH
3
.
D. C A, B u ng.
Bi 46: Cho cc loi hp cht: amino axit (X), mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic (Y), amin
(Z), este ca amino axit (T). Dy gm cc loi hp cht u tc dng c vi dung
dch NaOH v u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Y, T. C. X, Y, Z. D. Y, Z, T.
Bi 47: Cho tng cht H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH, CH
3
-COOH, CH
3
-COOCH
3
ln lt tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH (t
o
) v vi dung dch HCl (t
o
). S phn ng xy ra l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 48: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C
3
H
7
NO
2
. Khi phn
ng vi dung dch NaOH, X to ra H
2
NCH
2
COONa v cht hu c Z ; cn Y to ra
CH
2
=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln lt l
A. CH
3
OH v NH
3
. B. CH
3
OH v CH
3
NH
2
.
C. CH
3
NH
2
v NH
3
. D. C
2
H
5
OH v N
2
.
Bi 49: t chy ht a mol mt amino axit A c 2a mol CO
2
v 2,5a mol nc. A c
cng thc phn t l
A. C
2
H
5
N
2
O
2
. B. C
2
H
5
NO
2
. C. C
4
H
10
N
2
O
2
. D. C
2
H
5
NO
4
.

Bi 50: Trong phn t amino axit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0
gam X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c
19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l
A. H
2
NC
3
H
6
COOH. B. H
2
NCH
2
COOH.
C. H
2
NC
2
H
4
COOH. D. H
2
NC
4
H
8
COOH.
Bi 51: o-Amino axit X cha mt nhm -NH
2
. Cho 10,3 gam X tc dng vi axit HCl
(d), thu c 13,95 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. B. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH.
295

C. CH
3
CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH. D. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH.
Bi 52: Cho 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c m
1
gam mui Y.
Cng 1 mol amino axit X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c m
2
gam mui Z. Bit
m
2
m
1
= 7,5. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
5
H
9
O
4
N. B. C
4
H
10
O
2
N
2
. C. C
5
H
11
O
2
N. D. C
4
H
8
O
4
N
2
.
Bi 53: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c
3,67 gam mui khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH
4%. Cng thc ca X l
A. H
2
NC
2
H
3
(COOH)
2
. B. H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
.
C. (H
2
N)
2
C
3
H
5
COOH. D. H
2
NC
3
H
6
COOH.
Bi 54: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
9
O
2
N
tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C cn Z thu
c 1,64 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOONH
3
CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
3
COONH
3
CH
3
.
C. CH
3
CH
2
COONH
4
. D. HCOONH
2
(CH
3
)
2
.
Bi 55: Cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
2
H
8
O
3
N
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH,
thu c cht hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Phn t khi ca Y l
A. 85. B. 68. C. 45. D. 46.
Bi 56: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO
2
, 0,56 lt
kh N
2
(cc kh o ktc) v 3,15 gam H
2
O. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu
c sn phm c mui H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
3
H
7
. B. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-CH
3
.
C. H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH. D. H
2
N-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5
.
Bi 57: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc dng
c vi axit va tc dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh
phn phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449% ; 7,865% v
15,73% ; cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung
dch NaOH (un nng) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. H
2
NCOO-CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
2
=CHCOONH
4
.
C. H
2
NC
2
H
4
COOH. D. H
2
NCH
2
COO-CH
3
.
Bi 58: Cho X l mt amino axit. Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi HCl th dng ht
80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M v thu c 1,835 gam mui khan. Cn khi cho 0,01 mol
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th cn dng 25 gam dung dch NaOH 3,2%. Cng thc
cu to ca X l
A. NH
2
C
3
H
6
COOH. B. NH
2
C
3
H
4
(COOH)
2.
C. NH
2
C
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
. D. (NH
2
)
2
C
5
H
10
COOOH.
Bi 59: Este X (phn t khi bng 103) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi
hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng ht vi 300 ml
296

dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 27,75. B. 24,25. C. 26,25. D. 29,75.
Bi 60: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
7
NO
2
tc
dng va vi dung dch NaOH v un nng, thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp
Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu m). T khi hi ca Z i vi H
2
bng
13,75. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l
A. 16,5 gam. B. 14,3 gam. C. 8,9 gam. D. 15,7 gam.
Bi 61: Cho 8,9 gam mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N phn ng
vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch
thu c 11,7 gam cht rn. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOOH
3
NCH=CH
2
. B. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH.
C. CH
2
=CHCOONH
4
. D. H
2
NCH
2
COOCH
3
.
Bi 62: Hp cht X mch h c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
9
NO
2
. Cho 10,3 gam X phn
ng va vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra mt cht kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn
khng kh, lm giy qu tm m chuyn mu xanh. Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu
nc brom. C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,8. B. 9,4. C. 8,2. D. 9,6.
Bi 63: Chn nhn xt khng ng v protein:
A. Protein l polime thin nhin c cu trc phc tp.
B. Protein c phn t khi ln, u do cc o-amino axit to nn.
C. Protein c trong mi c th ng vt v thc vt.
D. Protein bn vi nhit v mi trng axit hoc baz.
Bi 64: Mt trong nhng im khc nhau ca protein so vi lipit v glucoz l
A. protein lun cha chc hiroxyl.
B. protein lun cha nit.
C. protein lun l cht hu c no.
D. protein c khi lng phn t ln hn.
Bi 65: un nng cht H
2
N-CH
2
-CONH-CH(CH
3
)-CONH-CH
2
-COOH trong dung dch
HCl (d). Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c sn phm l
A. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH, H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH.
B. H
3
N
+
-CH
2
-COOHCl
-
, H
3
N
+
-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOHCl
-
.
C. H
3
N
+
-CH
2
-COOHCl
-
, H
3
N
+
-CH(CH
3
)-COOHCl
-
.
D. H
2
N-CH
2
-COOH, H
2
N-CH(CH
3
)-COOH.
Bi 66: S ipeptit ti a c th to ra t mt hn hp gm alanin v glyxin l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
297

Bi 67: T 4 amino axit: glyxin (A), alanin (B), valin (C) v phenylalanin (D) c th to
thnh bao nhiu tetrapeptit trong c c A, B, C, D ?
A. 24. B. 16. C. 8. D. 4.
Bi 68: Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly vi Gly-Ala l
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch NaCl.
C. Cu(OH)
2
trong mi trng kim. D. dung dch HCl.
Bi 69: Khi thu phn mt peptit ta ch thu c cc ipeptit sau: Ala-Val, Tyr-Phe,
Val-Tyr, Gly-AlA. Cu to ng cho peptit trn l
A. Ala-Val-Tyr-Phe-Gly. B. Gly-Ala-Val-Tyr-Phe.
C. Val-Tyr-Phe-Gly-Ala. D. Tyr-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val.
Bi 70: Thu phn 1250 gam protein X thu c 425 gam alanin. Nu phn t khi
ca X bng 100.000 th s mt xch alanin c trong phn t X l
A. 453. B. 382. C. 328. D. 479.
298







Bi 1: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Hu ht cc polime l nhng cht rn, khng bay hi.
B. a s polime tan trong nc v cc dung mi hu c.
C. Polietilen v poli(vinyl clorua) l cc polime tng hp, cn tinh bt v xenluloz l
cc polime thin nhin.
D. Polime l nhng hp cht c phn t khi rt ln v do nhiu mt xch lin kt vi
nhau.
Bi 2: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Polime nng chy mt khong nhit kh rng.
B. C th phn chia polime thnh ba loi: thin nhin, tng hp v nhn to.
C. Polime u kh bn vi nhit hoc dung dch axit hay dung dch baz.
D. C th u ch polime bng phn ng trng hp hoc trng ngng.
Bi 3: Mc ch chnh ca cht n thm vo cht do l
A. Tng tnh do.
B. Tng mt s c tnh nh chu nhit, dn in, dn nhit.
C. Tit kim polime.
D. C B, C u ng.
Bi 4: Cho cc vt liu: polietilen (1), polistiren (2), t st t (3), gm (4), bakelit (5),
poli(vinyl clorua) (6). Nhm cc cht no sau y dng lm cht do ?
A. 1, 2, 3, 5. B. 1, 3, 5 ,6.
C. 3, 4, 5, 6. D. 1, 2, 5, 6.
Bi 5: Cc monome no sau y tng hp c polime bng phn ng trng hp ?
A. phenol v fomanehit. B. metyl metacrylat.
C. axit aminoaxetic. D. hexametylen iamin v axit aipic.
Bi 6: Nhm hp cht khng th to thnh polime l
A. isopren, axit aipic. B. benzen, xiclohexan.
C. phenol, glyxin. D. stiren, etylen glicol.
Bi 7: Nhm hp cht c th trng hp thnh polime l
Chuyn 15
POLIME V VT LIU POLIME
299

A. etilen oxit, caprolactam, stiren. B. buta-1,3-ien, vinyl cloua, alanin.
C. etien, glyxin, caprolactam. D. stiren, isopren, axit aipic.

Bi 8: Polime no di y c iu ch bng phn ng ng trng hp ?
A. Poli(phenol-fomanehit). B. Nha PVC.
C. T nilon-6,6. D. Cao su buna-S.
Bi 9: T nilon thuc loi no di y ?
A. T nhn to. B. T thin nhin. C. T poliamit. D. T polieste.
Bi 10: Nilon-6,6 l mt loi
A. t axetat. B. t poliamit. C. polieste. D. t visco.
Bi 11: Loi t no di y l t tng hp ?
A. T nilon-6,6. B. T visco.
C. T tm. D. T xenluloz axetat.
Bi 12: Nhm t di y u thuc loi t nhn to l
A. t nilon-6 ; t tm. B. t visco ; t nilon-6,6.
C. t capron ; t nilon-6. D. t visco ; t xenluloz axetat.
Bi 13: Cc monome no sau y khng th tham gia phn ng trng ngng ?
A. H
2
N[CH
2
]
5
COOH.
B. CH
3
[CH
2
]
3
COOH.
C. H
2
N[CH
2
]
6
NH
2
v HOOC[CH
2
]
5
COOH.
D. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH v HOOC-C
6
H
4
-COOH.
Bi 14: Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su buna-N l
A. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CH=CH
2
, C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
.
B. CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
, CH
2
=CH-CN.
C. CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
, lu hunh.
D. CH
2
=CH-CH= CH
2
, C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
.
Bi 15: Phn ng no sau y c dng iu ch poli(vinyl ancol) ?
A. Trng hp ancol vinylic.
B. Thu phn poli(metyl acrylat) trong mi trng kim.
C. Thu phn poli(vinyl axetat) trong mi trng kim.
. D. Trng ngng etylen glicol.
Bi 16: Trong s cc loi t sau:
(1) (NH-|CH
2
|
6
-CO)
n
; (2) (NH-[CH
2
]
6
-NH-OC-[CH
2
]
4
-CO)
n

300

(3) (NH-|CH
2
|
5
-CO)
n
; (4) (C
6
H
7
O
2
[OOC-CH
3
]
3
)
n

T capron, t nilon-6,6 v t enang c cng thc ln lt l
A. (4), (1), (3). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (3), (2), (1). D. (1), (4), (2).
Bi 17: Trong s cc loi t sau: t tm, t visco, t nilon-6,6, t axetat, t capron, t
enang, nhng loi t no thuc loi t nhn to ?
A. T tm v t enang. B. T visco v t nilon-6,6.
C. T nilon-6,6 v t capron. D. T visco v t axetat.
Bi 18: C 8 cht: cao su, polietilen, xenluloz, xenluloz trinitrat, poli(metyl metacrylat),
t visco, t nitron, poli(etylen terephtalat). S cht thuc loi polime thin nhin, polime
tng hp ln lt l
A. 2 v 3. B. 2 v 4. C. 1 v 5. D. 1 v 6.
Bi 19: T nilon-6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng
A. HOOC-|CH
2
|
2
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH.
B. HOOC-|CH
2
|
4
-COOH v HO-|CH
2
|
2
-OH.
C. HOOC-|CH
2
|
4
-COOH v H
2
N-|CH
2
|6
-NH
2
.
D. H
2
N-|CH
2
|5
-COOH.
Bi 20: Nhm cc vt liu c ch to t polime trng ngng l
A. cao su ; t nilon-6,6 ; t nitron.
B. t axetat ; t nilon-6 ; t nilon-6,6.
C. nilon-6,6 ; t lapsan ; thu tinh plexiglas.
D. nilon-6 ; t lapsan ; nha novolac.
Bi 21: Nhm polime b thu phn trong mi trng kim l
A. poli(vinyl axetat) ; t capron. B. tinh bt ; xenluloz.
C. polibutaien ; polistiren. D. poliisopren ; polipropilen.
Bi 22: Polime X c cng thc (NH-[CH
2
]
5
-CO)
n
. Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. X thuc loi poliamit.
B. X c th ko si.
C. X ch c to ra t phn ng trng ngng.
D. X c % khi lng cacbon khng thay i vi mi gi tr ca n.
Bi 23: Cho polime c cng thc cu to:
2 n
(CH CH(OH)) . iu ch trc tip cht
trn c th dng polime tng ng vi monome no di y ?
A. CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3
.

B. CH
2
=CH-COOH.
C. CH
2
=CH-OOCCH
3
.
D. CH
2
=CH-Cl.

301

Bi 24: Poli (metyl metacrylat) v nilon-6 c to thnh t cc monome tng ng l
A. CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
-COOH.
B. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
-COOH.
C. CH
3
-COO-CH=CH
2
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
5
-COOH.
D. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOCH
3
v H
2
N-[CH
2
]
5
-COOH.
Bi 25: Nhm cc polime sau c cu trc mch khng phn nhnh l
A. PVC, cao su lu ho, cao su buna, xenluloz, amiloz.
B. PE, PVC, cao su thin nhin, amiloz, xenluloz.
C. PE, cao su lu ho, cao su buna, xenluloz, amiloz.
D. PVC, cao su buna, cao su thin nhin, amilopectin, xenluloz.
Bi 26: Polime c cu trc mch khng phn nhnh l
A. nha bakelit. B. poli(vinyl clorua). C. amilopectin. D. cao su lu ho.
Bi 27: Polime c cu trc mng mng li khng gian l
A. PE. B. amilopectin. C. PVC. D. nha bakelit.
Bi 28: Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A. T visco l t tng hp.
B. Trng ngng buta-1,3-ien vi acrilonitrin c xc tc Na c cao su buna-N.
C. Trng hp stiren thu c poli(phenol-fomanehit).
D. Poli(etylen terephtalat) c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng cc monome tng
ng.
Bi 29: X, Y l 2 hirocacbon ng phn. X l monome dng trng hp thnh cao su
isopren ; Y to kt ta khi cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong amoniaC. Cng thc
cu to ca Y l
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-CCH. B. CH
3
-CC-CH
2
-CH
3
.
C. (CH
3
)
2
CH-CCH. D. C B, C u ng.
Bi 30: T nhng cht no sau y c th iu ch c cao su buna qua hai giai on ?
A. Ancol etylic. B. Vinylaxetilen.
C. Butan. D. C A, B, C u ng.
Bi 31: Tng s polime thu c (k c sn phm chnh v sn phm ph) khi trng hp
isopren l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 3.
Bi 32: Cho cc cht: etylen glicol, axit acrylic, axit aipic, hexametylen iamin, axit
axetic. Bng phn ng trc tip c th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu polime ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

302

Bi 33: Phn t khi ca thy tinh hu c l 25000, s mt xch trong thy tinh hu c l
A. 250. B. 290. C. 100. D. 500.
Bi 34: Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 gam v ca mt on mch
t capron l 1717 gam. S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v capron nu trn ln
lt l
A. 113 v 152. B. 121 v 114. C. 121 v 152. D. 113 v 114.
Bi 35: Trng hp 16,8 lt C
2
H
4
(ktc), nu hiu sut phn ng l 90% th khi lng
polime thu c l
A. 21,0 gam. B. 18,9 gam. C. 23,3 gam. D. 33,2 gam.
Bi 36: em trng ngng x kg axit c -aminocaproic thu c y kg polime v 8,1 kg H
2
O
vi hiu sut phn ng 90%. Gi tr ca x, y ln lt l
A. 65,5 v 50,85. B. 58,95 v 50,85. C. 58,95 v 56,5. D. 65,5 v 56,5.
Bi 37: t chy hon ton mt lng polietilen, sn phm chy ln lt cho i qua bnh
(1) ng H
2
SO
4
c v bnh (2) ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2 (
d), thy khi lng bnh (1)
tng m gam, bnh (2) thu c 100 gam kt ta. Gi tr m l
A. 9. B. 12. C. 18. D. 27.
Bi 38: sn xut 950 kg poli(vinyl clorua) t kh thin nhin (cha 95% CH
4
). Bit hiu
sut ca c qu trnh iu ch l 40%. Th tch kh thin nhin (ktc) cn dng l
A. 1702,4 m
3
. B. 54476,8 m
3
. C. 1792 m
3
. D. 1344 m
3
.
Bi 39: Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1
phn t clo phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 40: Cao su tng hp ln u tin c iu ch bng phng php Lebedev theo s :
Ancol etylic buta-1,3-ien cao su buna
Hiu sut c qu trnh iu ch l 80%, mun thu c 540 kg cao su buna th khi
lng ancol etylic cn dng l
A. 920 kg. B. 1150 kg. C. 736 kg. D. 684,8 kg.
303







Bi 1: Hirocacbon X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom nhit thng. Tn gi ca
X l
A. xiclohexan. B. xiclopropan. C. stiren. D. etilen.
Bi 2: Sp xp cc cht sau y theo chiu tng dn nhit si: CH
3
COOH (A),
CH
3
COOCH
3
(B), C
2
H
5
COOH (C), HCOOCH
3
(D), C
3
H
7
OH (E). Th t ng l:
A. D < B < E < A < C. B. B < D < E < A < C.
C. D < B < E < C < A. D. B < D < C < E < A.
Bi 3: Cho cc cht: CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
; CH
3
-CH
2
-CH=C(CH
3
)
2
; CH
3
-CH=CH
2
; CH
3
-
CH=CH-CH=CH
2
; CH
3
-CH=CH-COOH. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Bi 4: Cho glixerol tc dng vi hn hp ba axit bo th to ti a bao nhiu sn phm
trieste ?
A. 18. B. 9. C. 15. D. 12.
Bi 5: Pht biu ng l
A. Tnh axit ca phenol yu hn ca ancol.
B. Cao su thin nhin l sn phm trng hp ca isopren.
C. Cc cht etilen, toluen v stiren u tham gia phn ng trng hp.
D. Tnh baz ca anilin mnh hn ca amoniac.
Bi 6: Trong s cc dung dch: Na
2
CO
3
, KCl, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl, NaHSO
4
,
C
6
H
5
ONA. Nhng dung dch c pH > 7 l
A. Na
2
CO
3
, C
6
H
5
ONa, CH
3
COONa. B. Na
2
CO
3
, NH
4
Cl, KCl.
C. KCl, C
6
H
5
ONa, CH
3
COONa. D. NH
4
Cl, CH
3
COONa, NaHSO
4
.
Bi 7: Dy gm 4 dung dch cc cht u lm giy qu tm chuyn sang mu l
A. nhm sunfat, axit acrylic, phenylamoni clorua, axit glutamic.
B. axit nitric, axit axetic, natri phenolat, amoni clorua.
C. phenol, amoni clorua, axit glutamic, axit fomic.
D. axit clohiric, amoni clorua, anilin, natri fomat.
Bi 8: Cho cc phn ng sau:
a) FeO + HNO
3
(c nng)

b) FeS + H
2
SO
4 (c nng)


Chuyn 16
TNG HP NI DUNG KIN THC
HO HC HU C
304

c) Al
2
O
3
+ HNO
3
(c nng)
d) Cu + dung dch FeCl
3
e) CH
3
CHO + H
2
o
Ni, t
f) glucoz + AgNO
3
/dd NH
3


g) C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
h) glixerol + Cu(OH)
2
Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. a, b, d, e, f, h. B. a, b, d, e, f, g.
C. a, b, c, d, e, h. D. a, b, c, d, e, g.
Bi 9: Pht biu khng ng l
A. Axit axetic phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly dung dch mui va to ra cho tc
dng vi kh CO
2
li thu c axit axetic.
B. Phenol phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung
dch HCl li thu c phenol.
C. Anilin phn ng vi dung dch HCl, ly mui va to ra cho tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH li thu c anilin.
D. Dung dch natri phenolat phn ng vi kh CO
2
, ly kt ta va to ra cho tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH li thu c natri phenolat.
Bi 10: Cho cc hp cht hu c:
(1) ankan ;
(2) ancol no, n chc, mch h ;
(3) xicloankan ;
(4) ete no, n chc, mch h ;
(5) anken ;
(6) ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h ;
(7) ankin ;
(8) anehit no, n chc, mch h ;
(9) axit no, n chc, mch h ;
(10) axit khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), n chc.
Dy gm cc cht khi t chy hon ton u cho s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O l
A. (1), (3), (5), (6), (8). B. (3), (4), (6), (7), (10).
C. (3), (5), (6), (8), (9). D. (2), (3), (5), (7), (9).
Bi 11: Dy gm tt c cc cht u phn ng c vi HCOOH l
A. AgNO
3
/dung dch NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, C
2
H
5
OH, KOH, Na
2
CO
3
.
B. NH
3
, K, Cu, NaOH, O
2
, H
2
.
C. Na
2
O, NaCl, Fe, CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
Cl.
D. CH
3
NH
2
, C
2
H
5
OH, KOH, NaCl.
305

Bi 12: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2

ln lt tc dng vi Na, NaOH, Cu(OH)
2
. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Bi 13: Cho cc hp cht sau: phenol, anehit axetic, dung dch Na
2
SO
4
, dung dch brom,
dung dch NaOH, dung dch NaCl. Nu cho phn ng tng i mt th s phn ng xy ra
l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 14: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, p-crezol,
phenylamoni clorua, ancol benzylic. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c vi dung
dch NaOH l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Bi 15: Hp cht C
3
H
6
O tc dng vi Na, H
2
v trng hp C. C
3
H
6
O c th l
A. metyl vinyl ete. B. ancol anlylic.
C. propanal. D. axeton.
Bi 16: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
l
A. axit fomic, axetilen, propen. B. metyl fomat, vinylaxetilen, propin.
C. anehit axetic, but-1-in, etilen. D. anehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in.
Bi 17: Cho dy chuyn ho sau:
C
6
H
5
CH
3
2
Cl (1 : 1)
as
+
X
o
NaOH
t
+
Y
o
CuO
t
+
Z
Cht Z c cng thc l
A. C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH. B. C
6
H
5
CHO. C. HOC
6
H
4
CH
3
. D. C
6
H
5
COCH
3
.
Bi 18: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
CH
4
o
1500 C
X
2
H O +
Y
2
H +
Z
2
O +
T
X +
M
Cng thc cu to ca M l
A. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
.
Bi 19: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
But-1-en
HCl +
X
1
o
NaOH
t
+
X
2
2 4
o
H SO
170 C
X
3
2
Br +
X
4
o
NaOH
t
+
X
5

Cng thc cu to ca X
5
l
A. CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
CH(OH)CH(OH)CH
3
. D. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH.
Bi 20: Cho s phn ng: C
2
H
4

) 1 (
C
2
H
4
Br
2
(X)
) 2 (
C
2
H
6
O
2
(Y)

) 3 (
C
2
H
2
O
2

) 4 (
C
2
H
2
O
4

) 5 (
C
4
H
6
O
4
(Z)
) 6 (
C
5
H
8
O
4

306

Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. Br-CH
2
-CH
2
-Br, HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH, CH
3
OOC-COOCH
3
.
B. CH
3
-CHBr
2
, CH
3
-CH(OH)
2
, CH
3
OOC-COOCH
3
.
C. Br-CH
2
-CH
2
-Br, HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH, C
2
H
5
OOC-COOH.
D. C A, C u ng.
Bi 21: Cho s phn ng: C
2
H
2
X Y


CH
4
T Z
Cng thc ca X, Y v Z ln lt l
A. C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
5
Cl, C
2
H
4
.
B. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH.
C. C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH.
D. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Bi 22: Cho dy chuyn ho sau:


Bit E c cng thc phn t l C
2
H
6
O v F l polime. Tn gi cc cht A, C, D, E ln
lt l
A. metan, buta-1,3-ien, anehit axetic, etanol.
B. etan, etilen, axit axetic, imetyl ete.
C. metan, eten, axetanehit, ancol etylic.
D. propan, axetilen, axit axetic, imetyl ete.
Bi 23: Cho dy chuyn ho sau:
Phenol
X +
Phenyl axetat
o
t
Y (hp cht thm)
Hai cht X, Y trong s trn ln lt l
A. axit axetic, phenol. B. anhirit axetic, phenol.
C. anhirit axetic, natri phenolat. D. axit axetic, natri phenolat.
Bi 24: X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
2
Cl
2
. Khi cho X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch
NaOH thu c etylen glicol, HOCH
2
COONa v NaCl. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
2
Cl-COO-CHCl-CH
3
. B. CH
2
Cl-COO-CH
2
-CH
2
Cl.
C. CHCl
2
-COO-CH
2
-CH
3
. D. HOCH
2
-CO-CHCl-CH
2
Cl.
Bi 25: C ba dung dch: amoni hirocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat v ba cht lng:
ancol etylic, benzen, anilin ng trong su ng nghim ring bit. Nu ch dng mt thuc th
+ NaOH (d)
A B
C
D
C F
t
o
+X
X
+
+
+
Y
Y
E A B
C
D
C F
t
o
+X
X
+
+
+
Y
Y
E A B
C
D
C F
t
o
+X
X
+
+
+
Y
Y
E
307

duy nht l dung dch HCl th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu ng nghim ?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 26: Cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
O (u l dn xut ca benzen)
c tnh cht: tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime, khng tc dng
c vi NaOH. S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
O, tho mn tnh
cht trn l
A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
Bi 27: Hp cht thm ng vi cng thc phn t C
8
H
8
O
2
c a ng phn khng tc dng
vi Na nhng tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v nc brom ; c b ng phn khng
tc dng vi Na nhng tc dng vi dung dch KOH theo t l mol tng ng 1: 2. Tng a
+ b l
A. 7. B. 5. C. 6. D. 8.
Bi 28: Cho cc hp cht hu c: C
2
H
2
; C
2
H
4
; CH
2
O ; CH
2
O
2
(mch h) ; C
3
H
4
O
2
(mch
h, n chc). Bit C
3
H
4
O
2
khng lm chuyn mu qu tm m. S cht tc dng c vi
dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
to ra kt ta l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.
Bi 29: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
6
O
2
. X c phn ng trng gng. Hiro
ho X thu c cht Y c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
10
O
2
. Y ho tan Cu(OH)
2
nhit
thng. Tn gi ca Y l
A. butan-1,2-iol. B. butan-1,3-iol.
C. 2-metylpropan-1,2-iol. D. 2-metylpropan-1,3-iol.
Bi 30: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
. C X v Y u tc
dng vi Na ; X tc dng c vi NaHCO
3
cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng
bC. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
COCH
3
.
C. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. D. C
2
H
5
COOH v CH
3
CH(OH)CHO.
Bi 31: Mt ancol c cng thc phn t C
5
H
12
O. Oxi ho ancol bng CuO c un nng
thu c sn phm c phn ng trng gng. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to tho mn
iu kin trn ?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Bi 32: X l mt hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t l C
2
H
2
O
n
(n s 2). X tc dng
c vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
(d) th gi tr ca n l


A. n = 2. B. n = 0 ; n = 2.
C. n = 0 ; n = 1. D. n = 0 ; n = 1 ; n = 2.
Bi 33: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO
2
. Cht X tc dng
c vi Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br
2
theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc
cu to ca X l
A. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH=CH-CHO. B. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH.
308

C. HO-CH
2
-CH=CH-CHO. D. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO.
Bi 34: Cho X l hp cht thm ; a mol X phn ng va ht vi a lt dung dch NaOH 1M.
Mt khc, nu cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh
H
2
( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
-C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
.
C. HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH. D. HO-C
6
H
4
-COOH.
Bi 35: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (un
nng) theo phng trnh ho hc: C
4
H
6
O
4
+ 2NaOH 2Z + Y.
oxi ho ht a mol Y th cn va 2a mol CuO (un nng), sau phn ng to thnh a
mol cht T (bit Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c). Phn t khi ca T l
A. 44. B. 58. C. 82. D. 118.
Bi 36: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn
ng trng bC. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%.
Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l
A. HO-CH
2
-CHO v HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO.
B. HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO v HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO.
C. HO-CH(CH
3
)-CHO v HOOC-CH
2
-CHO.
D. HCOOCH
3
v HCOOCH
2
-CH
3
.
Bi 37: Hn hp X c t khi so vi hiro l 27,8 gm butan, metylxiclopropan, but-2-en,
but-1-in v buta-1,3-ien. Khi t chy hon ton 8,34 gam X, tng khi lng CO
2
v
H
2
O

thu c l
A. 36,66 gam. B. 46,92 gam. C. 24,50 gam. D. 35,88 gam.
Bi 38: Hn hp kh X gm H
2
v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c
duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom ; t khi ca Y so
vi H
2
bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l
A. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)
2
. B. CH
2
=CH
2
.
C. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3
. D. CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
.
Bi 39: Hn hp X gm hirocacbon (A) v H
2
. un nng hn hp ny vi xc tc Ni thu
c kh Y duy nht. T khi hi ca Y so vi H
2
gp 3 ln t khi hi ca X so vi H
2
. t
chy hon ton mt lng khc ca Y thu c 22,0 gam CO
2
v 13,5 gam H
2
O. Cng thc
phn t ca A l
A. C
2
H
2
. B. C
3
H
4
. C. C
2
H
4
. D. C
3
H
6
.
Bi 40: Dn V lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt
niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu
c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v cn
li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z thu c 2,24 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v 4,5 gam nc.
Gi tr ca V bng
309

A. 11,2. B. 13,44. C. 5,60. D. 8,96.
Bi 41: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom
(d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh.
Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO
2
. Cng thc phn t ca hai
hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc)
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
4
. B. CH
4
v C
3
H
4
. C. CH
4
v C
3
H
6
. D. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
6
.
Bi 42: t chy hon ton hn hp hai hirocacbon C
x
H
y
v C
x
H
z
c s mol bng nhau
thu c 1,792 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 1,62 gam H
2
O. Cng thc phn t ca cc hirocacbon
l
A. C
3
H
8
v C
3
H
6
. B. C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
6
.
C. C
4
H
10
v C
4
H
8
. D. C
4
H
10
v C
4
H
6
.
Bi 43: Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al
4
C
3
vo dung dch KOH (d),
thu c a mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO
2
(d) vo dung dch X, lng
kt ta thu c l 46,8 gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,55. B. 0,60. C. 0,40. D. 0,45.
Bi 44: Cho t t nc brom vo mt hn hp gm phenol v stiren n khi ngng mt
mu th ht 300 gam dung dch brom 3,2%. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 14,4 ml
dung dch NaOH 10% (D = 1,11 g/cm
3
). Thnh phn % khi lng stiren trong hn hp
ban u l
A. 62,4%. B. 76,9%. C. 37,6%. D. 23,4%.
Bi 45: Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung
dch HNO
3
c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l
A. C
3
H
7
CHO. B. HCHO. C. C
4
H
9
CHO. D. C
2
H
5
CHO.
Bi 46: Cho 13,6 gam cht hu c Z (C, H, O) tc dng va vi 300 ml dung dch
AgNO
3
2M trong NH
3
thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Bit M
Z
= 68 g/mol v hiu sut phn ng l
100%. Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. CH
3
-CC-CHO. B. HCC-CH
2
-CHO.
C. CH
2
=C=CH-CHO. D. C A, B u ng.
Bi 47: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O
2
(cng
iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO
2
thu
c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. O=CH-CH
2
-CH
2
OH. B. HOOC-CHO.
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
. D. HCOOC
2
H
5
.
Bi 48: Cho 0,1 mol cht hu c X (c cng thc phn t C
2
H
8
O
3
N
2
)

tc dng vi dung
dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH un nng, thu c cht kh lm xanh giy qu tm m v dung
dch Y. C cn cn thn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,7. B. 12,5. C. 15. D. 21,8.
310

Bi 49: Hn hp Z gm 1 axit no n chc X v 1 ancol no n chc Y, bit M
X
= M
Y
.
t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp Z, ton b sn phm chy c hp th bng dung
dch Ca(OH)
2
thy to ra 30 gam kt ta v dung dch nc lc, thm NaOH d vo dung
dch nc lc thy to ra 13 gam kt ta mi. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l
A. CH
3
COOH ; C
3
H
7
OH. B. HCOOH ; C
2
H
5
OH.
C. CH
3
COOH ; C
4
H
9
OH. D. C
2
H
5
COOH ; C
4
H
9
OH.
Bi 50: Cht hu c A c 1 nhm amino, 1 chc este. Hm lng nit trong A l 15,73%.
X phng ho m gam cht A, hi ancol bay ra cho i qua CuO nung nng c anehit B.
Cho B thc hin phn ng trng bc thy c 16,2 gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,725. B. 6,675. C. 5,625. D. 3,3375.
311








Bi 1: Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn may mc cho con ngi trong vic
A. pht trin ngnh trng t, si t nhin (bng, t tm,).
B. sn xut t, si ho hc (nhn to v tng hp).
C. ch to thit b chuyn dng trong ngnh may mc.
D. nng cao th hiu, thm m cho con ngi trong n mc.
Bi 2: Dy cc vt liu no sau y u thuc nhm vt liu mi ?
A. Ct, granite, xi mng, kim loi.
B. Vt liu nano, vt liu polime, vt liu compozit.
C. Hp kim, mica, vt liu siu dn.
D. Vt liu compozit, vt liu quang in t, vt liu nano.
Bi 3: Nhin liu no sau y khng c xp vo loi nhin liu ho thch ?
A. Than . B. Kh than kh.
C. Kh thin nhin. D. Du m.
Bi 4: Nhin liu no sau y thuc loi nhin liu sch ang c nghin cu s dng
thay th mt s nhin liu khc gy nhim mi trng ?
A. Than . B. Kh butan. C. Xng, du. D. Kh hiro.
Bi 5: Nhng ngun nng lng no sau y l ngun nng lng sch khng gy nhim
mi trng ?
A. Nng lng ht nhn, nng lng mt tri.
B. Nng lng than , du m, nng lng thy lc.
C. Nng lng thy lc, nng lng gi, nng lng mt tri.
D. Nng lng than , nng lng mt tri, nng lng ht nhn.
Bi 6: Ngun nng lng nhn to no sau y c tim nng ln c s dng v mc ch
ho bnh ?
A. Kh t nhin. B. Thu in. C. Gi. D. Ht nhn.
Bi 7: Ngun nng lng sch ang c tp trung nghin cu trong giai on hin nay l
A. nng lng ht nhn. B. nng lng mt tri.
Chuyn 17
HO HC V VN PHT TRIN
KINH T, X HI, MI TRNG

312

C. pin nhin liu lithium. D. pin nhin liu hiro.
Bi 8: Cch bo qun thc phm (tht, c,) an ton khng c hi cho sc kho l s dng
A. fomon. B. phn m. C. nc vi. D. nc .
Bi 9: Nhng dng c lm bp sau khi ch bin c thng li mi tanh ca mt s cht
hu c (cc amin v mt s cht khc). Cht tt nht dng kh mi tanh l
A. dung dch mui n bo ho. B. gim n.
C. nc vi trong. D. nc Gia-ven.
Bi 10: Bnh long xng l do thiu ht
A. km. B. st. C. photpho. D. canxi.
Bi 11: Cht c hi c trong ru (C
2
H
5
OH) gy bun nn l
A. metanol. B. axit axetic. C. etanal. D. amphetamin.
Bi 12: Cng dng no sau y khng phi ca NaCl ?
A. Lm thc n cho ngi v gia sc. B. iu ch Cl
2
, HCl, nc Gia-ven.
C. Lm dch truyn trong bnh vin. D. Kh chua cho t.
Bi 13: Loi phn bn ho hc c tc dng kch thch cy ci sinh trng, ra nhiu l,
nhiu hoa v c kh nng ci to t phn l
A. NH
4
NO
3
. B. Ca(NO
3
)
2
. C. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
. D. KCl.
Bi 14: Oxi i t khng kh vo ti phi l do
A. phn ng vi CO
2
trong phi.
B. p sut ring phn ca n trong khng kh ln hn trong ti phi.
C. p sut ring phn ca n trong khng kh nh hn trong ti phi.
D. trong ti phi nhit v tc khuch tn ln hn.
Bi 15: Cho cc thuc sau: vitamin A, glucoz, penixilin, amoxilin, senluxen, paradol,
moocphin. S thuc c kh nng gy nghin cho con ngi l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Bi 16: T l s ngi cht v bnh phi do ht thuc l gp hng chc ln s ngi khng
ht thuc l. Cht gy nghin v gy ung th c trong thuc l l
A. aspirin. B. moocphin. C. nicotin. D. cafein.
Bi 17: Dy gm cc cht v thuc u c th gy nghin cho con ngi l
A. cocain, seduxen, cafein. B. heroin, seduxen, erythromixin.
C. ampixilin, erythromixin, cafein. D. penixilin, paradol, cocain.
Bi 18: Loi ho cht gy nn s nhim cht c da cam ?
A. 2,4,5-T. B. Cht phng x. C. DDT. D. Alrin.
Bi 19: Cl
2
, H
2
S l cc kh c, nng hn khng kh. Trong phng th nghim, nhn bit
mi ca cc cht kh nh Cl
2
, H
2
S th lm theo cch no sau y ?
313

A. a bnh ng kh ln mi v ht mt hi.
B. a bnh ng kh ln mi ht nh.
C. Dng tay phy nh ming bnh v ngi nhanh.
D. p bnh xung v ngi.
Bi 20: Ho cht no sau y thng dng kh kh Cl
2
lm nhim bn khng kh ca
phng th nghim ?
A. O
2
. B. O
3
. C. NH
3
. D. H
2
.
Bi 21: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c
dng rc ln thu ngn ri gom li l
A. vi sng. B. ct. C. mui n. D. lu hunh.
Bi 22: Brom lng hay hi u rt C. Ho cht thng thng, d kim hu ht lng
Br
2
lng chng may b l
A. dung dch Ca(OH)
2
. B. dung dch HCl.
C. dung dch CH
3
COOH. D. dung dch NaCl.
Bi 23: Clo c dng st trng nc trong h thng cung cp nc sch v
A. clo c nn c tnh st trng.
B. trong nc clo c mt HClO l cht oxi ho mnh.
C. clo c tnh oxi ho mnh.
D. trong nc clo c mt HCl l cht kh mnh.
Bi 24: Khi phun nc nhm ra sch v gim bi cho ng ph, ngi ta thng thm
CaCl
2
(rn) xung ng nhm mc ch no ?
A. To kt ta gi bi trn mt ng.
B. CaCl
2
khng bay hi.
C. CaCl
2
bn trong khng kh.
D. CaCl
2
(rn) gi hi nc lu hn trn mt ng.
Bi 25: Sau cc t l lt, nhng ni b ngp lt thng pht sinh cc bnh truyn nhim
nguy him, c bit l bnh tiu chy. dit khun trong nc phng cc bnh dch ny,
ta nn s dng ho cht no di y ?
A. Phn chua. B. Thuc nc booc.
C. Thuc tm. D. Cloramin B.
Bi 26: Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t ?
A. KCl. B. NH
4
NO
3
. C. NaNO
3
. D. K
2
CO
3
.
Bi 27: Tc nhn no sau y khng gy nhim mi trng nc ?
A. Cc ion kim loi nng:
2
Hg
+
,
2
Pb
+
,
2
Cd
+
,
B. Cc anion:
3
NO

,
3-
4
PO ,
2
4
SO

,
314

C. Thuc bo v thc vt, phn bn ho hc.
D. Cc cation: Na
+
,
2
Ca
+
,
2
Mg
+
.
Bi 28: SO
2
l mt trong nhng kh gy nhim mi trng do
A. SO
2
l kh mi hc, nng hn khng kh.
B. SO
2
va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho.
C. SO
2
l mt oxit axit.
D. SO
2
l kh c, khi tan trong nc ma to ma axit.
Bi 29: Tc nhn ch yu gy ma axit l
A. CO v CH
4
. B. CH
4
v NH
3
. C. SO
2
v NO
2
. D. CO v CO
2
.
Bi 30: Dn khng kh b nhim qua giy tm dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
th thy trn giy lc
xut hin vt mu en. Khng kh b nhim bi
A. H
2
S. B. NO
2
. C. SO
2
. D. Cl
2
.
Bi 31: Trong cc ngun nng lng sau y, ngun nng lng gy nhim mi trng l
A. nng lng thy lc. B. nng lng gi.
C. nng lng than. D. nng lng mt tri.
Bi 32: Hiu ng nh knh l hin tng tri t ang nng ln, do cc bc x nhit b tri
t gi li m khng thot ra ngoi v tr. Nguyn nhn ch yu gy hiu ng nh knh l
kh no di y ?
A. CO
2
. B. SO
2
. C. CH
4
. D. CF
2
Cl
2
.
Bi 33: Cht gy thng tng ozon ch yu l
A. CO
2
. B. CO. C. CFC. D. PAN.
Bi 34: Tm quan trng ca tng ozon i vi i sng l
A. sn sinh ra kh oxi. B. c tc dng khng
khun.
C. hp th 95 - 99% tia cc tm. D. C A, B, C u ng.
Bi 35: Cht no sau y r tin thng dng loi b cc cht SO
2
, NO
2
, HF trong kh
thi cng nghip v cation Pb
2+
, Cu
2+
trong nc thi nh my ?
A. Ca(OH)
2
. B. NaOH. C. NH
3
. D. HCl.
Bi 36: Trong cng ngh x l cht thi do qu trnh h hp ca nh du hnh v tr hay
thy th trong tu ngm, ngi ta thng s dng ho cht no sau y ?
A. KClO
3
. B. Than hot tnh. C. Na
2
O
2
rn. D. KNO
3
.
Bi 37: Cacbon v nh hnh c iu ch t than g hay go da gi l than hot tnh.
Tnh cht no sau y ca than hot tnh gip cho con ngi ch to cc thit b phng c,
lc nc ?
A. t chy than sinh ra kh cabonic.
315

B. Hp th tt cc cht kh, cht tan trong nc.
C. Kh cc cht c, cc cht tan trong nc.
D. Khng c hi.
Bi 38: Cng nghip silicat l ngnh cng nghip ch bin cc hp cht ca silic. Ngnh
sn xut no sau y khng thuc v cng nghip silicat ?
A. Sn xut gm (gch, ngi, snh, s).
B. Sn xut xi mng.
C. Sn xut thy tinh.
D. Sn xut thy tinh hu c.
Bi 39: Metyleugenol (phn t khi bng 178) l mt cht d dn cn trng (rui vng hi
cy n qu). Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metyleugenol cho thy cacbon chim 74,16%,
hiro chim 7,86% (v khi lng), cn li l oxi. Cng thc phn t ca metyleugenol l
A. C
9
H
6
O
4
. B. C
10
H
10
O
3
. C. C
11
H
14
O
2
. D. C
11
H
24
O.
Bi 40: Iot l mt trong nhng nguyn t cn thit i vi c th ngi. Thiu iot gy ra
bnh bu c v mt s ri lon tuyn ni tit. Mui iot l mui n c trn thm mt lng
nh hp cht ca iot (thng l KI hoc KIO
3
). Khi lng KIO
3
cn dng sn xut
c 1 tn mui iot c hm lng iot ging mui iot cha 2,5% KI l
A. 31,03 kg. B. 34,24 kg. C. 29,98 kg. D. 32,23 kg.










316

B. P N V HNG DN GI I








1B 2C 3C 4B 5C 6B 7C 8D 9D 10D
11C 12A 13B 14C 15B 16C 17D 18A 19B 20C
21A 22D 23D 24C 25C 26D 27C 28C 29D 30A
31B 32A 33C 34B 35A 36A 37B 38D 39D 40D
41A 42D 43B 44C 45A 46D 47A 48B 49D 50A
51D 52C 53D 54D 55D 56B 57B 58D 59C 60C
61D 62A 63B 64C 65A 66D 67A 68D 69B 70B
71C 72B 73B 74D 75C 76C 77C 78B 79A 80B
81B 82B 83D 84A 85D 86B 87B 88D 89A 90B
91A 92B 93C 94A 95B 96A 97C 98A 99D 100B

Bi 21: p n A
Ta c 2Z + N = 21 N = 21 2Z
Mt khc Z s N s 1,5Z Z s 21 2Z s 1,5Z

21
3, 5
s Z s
21
3
6 s Z s 7 Z = 6 hoc Z = 7
- Nu Z = 6 N = 9, A = 6 + 9 = 15 (loi)
- Nu Z = 7 N = 7, A = 7 + 7 = 14 (nit).
Bi24: p n C
Ta c
A B
A B
2Z + 6Z + 2 = 82
Z - Z = 8

A B
A B
Z + 3Z = 40
Z - Z = 8

A
B
Z 16
Z 8
=

Bi 25: p n C
Cng thc ca hp cht A l X
2
Y
CHUYN 1

NGUYN T. BNG TUN HON
CC NGUYN T HO HC.
LIN KT HO HC
317

Ta c (4Z
X
+ 2N
X
) + (2Z
Y
+ N
Y
) = 140
2(2Z
X
+ Z
Y
) + (2N
X
+ N
Y
) = 140 (1)
Mt khc 2(2Z
X
+ Z
Y
) (2N
X
+ N
Y
) = 44 (2)
T (1, 2) suy ra: 2Z
X
+ Z
Y
= 46

Z
Y
8 (O) 16 (S)
Z
X
19 (K) 15
Cng thc K
2
O loi
Bi 34: p n B
Gi x l % s ng v
11
5
B c trong B
Ta c 11.x + 10.(1 x) = 10,81 x = 0,81
Vy % khi lng ca
11
5
B trong axit boric l:
0, 81 11
.100%
61,81

14,42%.

Bi 35: p n A
Ca + 2X CaX
2

0,03 0,03
Ca
n =
1, 2
40
= 0,03 (mol);
2
CaX
M = 40 + 2X =
5,994
0,03
= 199,8 (g/mol)
X = 79,9 (Br)
Br A =
1 2
9A 11A
9 11
+
+
= 79,9 (g/mol)
1 2
9.(35 N ) 11.(35 N )
20
+ + +
= 79,9
9N
1
+ 11N
2
= 898 (1) ; Mt khc N
1
+ N
2
= 90 (2)
Gii h 2 phng trnh (1, 2), ta c: N
1
= 46, N
2
= 44
Vy s khi ca X
1
, X
2
ln lt l: 81 v 79.

Bi 61: p n D
Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng: ns
2
np
4
X thuc nhm VIA
Cng thc oxit cao nht l XO
3
v hp cht kh vi hiro l H
2
X
Ta c %H trong H
2
X = 100 94,12 = 5,88(%)
T l
X
2
=
94,12
5,88
X 32 (S)
Do cng thc oxit cao nht l SO
3
; Vy %X =
32
100%
80
= 40%.
Bi 64: p n C
Do Y nhm VA, vy X nhm IVA hoc VIA
Ta c
X
Z +
Y
Z = 23
Y
Z < 23
Nguyn t Y ch c th thuc chu k 2 (nit) hoc chu k 3 (photpho)
318

- Nu Y l N (
Y
Z = 7)
X
Z = 23 7 = 16 X l S : ph hp
- Nu Y l P (
Y
Z = 15)
X
Z = 23 15 = 8 X l O : loi (v P p vi O
2
)
Vy cu hnh electron ca X, Y ln lt l: [He]2s
2
2p
3
v [Ne]3s
2
3p
4
.







319









1D 2C 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 9C 10C
11D 12B 13C 14D 15B 16C 17C 18C 19D 20D
21C 22B 23D 24D 25B 26C 27D 28B 29C 30B
31C 32C 33A 34D 35A 36A 37D 38D 39A 40C
41C 42C 43B 44D 45A 46D 47B 48B 49C 50B
51D 52C 53D 54B 55A 56A 57C 58D 59D 60C
61B 62B 63B 64D 65D 66C 67C 68A 69C 70A
71B 72D 73C 74B 75B 76B 77A 78B 79A 80C
81B 82B 83B 84B 85B 86D 87A 88A 89D 90B
91D 92B 93B 94C 95B 96A 97A 98B 99A 100B

Bi 46: p n D
Kh X c th l NO
2
, NO, N
2
O, N
2
. t cng thc ca kh X l
x y
N O

8
3
3
Fe
+
3
3
Fe
+
+ 1e x
5
N
+
+ (5x 2y)e
2y
x
x
N
+

0,06 0,06 0,02(5x 2y) 0,02
Ta c
3 4
Fe O
n =
13, 92
232
= 0,06 mol ;
X
n
|
=
0, 448
22, 4
= 0,02 mol
Do 0,02.(5x 2y) = 0,06 y =
0,1x 0, 06
0, 04

Vi x = 1 y = 1 : kh X l NO
x = 2 y = 3,5 (loi) ; Vy kh X l NO.
Bi 47: p n B
S phn ng:

2y
x
x
y
Fe O
+
+ H
2
6
S
+
O
4

3
Fe
+
2
(SO
4
)
3
+
4
2
S O
+
| + H
2
O
Chuyn 2
PHN NG HO HC
TC PHN NG V CN BNG HO HC
320

Ta c
|
2
SO
n =
2, 24
22, 4
= 0,1 (mol) ;
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
n =
120
400
= 0,3 (mol)
Cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh:
2
2y
x
x
Fe
+
x
3
2
Fe
+
+ 2(3x 2y)e
6
S
+
+ 2e
4
S
+

0,3
0, 6(3x 2y)
x

0,2 0,1
Do
0, 6(3x 2y)
x

= 0,2
x
y
=
3
4

Vy cng thc ca st oxit l: Fe
3
O
4
.
Bi 48: p n B
Gi x l s oxi ho ca S trong sn phm Z
a l s mol ca mi kim loi trong hn hp X
Ta c 24a + 27a + 65a = 9,28 (gam) a =
9, 28
116
= 0,08 (mol)
Cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh:
Qu trnh nhng electron Qu trnh nhn electron

0
Mg
2
Mg
+
+ 2e
6
S
+
+ (6 x)e
x
S
a 2a (6 x)0,07 0,07

0
Al
3
Al
+
+ 3e
a 3a

0
Zn
2
Zn
+
+ 2e
a 2a
Do 2a + 3a + 2a = (6 x) 0,07
70,08 = 0,42 0,07x x = 2
Vy sn phm cha lu hunh l H
2
S.
Bi 49: p n C

0
M
n
M
+
+ ne x
5
N
+
+ 3e
2
N
+


0, 45
n
0,45 0,45 0,15
Ta c
NO
n
|
=
3, 36
22, 4
= 0,15 mol
S mol e nhng = s mol e nhn = 0,45 mol
M
0, 45
n
= 4,05 M = 9 n ; Ch c cp nghim n = 3, M = 27 (Al) ph hp.
Bi 53: p n D
321

N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k)
Tc phn ng lc u: v

= k.[N
2
].[H
2
]
3

Khi tng nng ca H
2
ln 2 ln:
s
v

= k.[N
2
].(2[H
2
])
3
= 8. k.[N
2
].[H
2
]
3

= 8.v

Vy tc phn ng thun tng ln 8 ln.
Bi 55: p n A
2H
2
O
2

2
MnO
2H
2
O + O
2

0,003 0,0015
Ta c
2
O
n =
0, 0336
22, 4
= 0,0015 mol ; [H
2
O
2
] =
0, 003
0,1
= 0,03 = 3.
2
10

mol/l
Tc trung bnh ca phn ng l: v =
C
t
A
A
=
2
3.10
60

= 5,0.
4
10

mol/(l.s).
Bi 69: p n C
cn bng (1):
C
K
(1)
=
2
2 2
[HI]
[H ] [I ]
= 64
cn bng (2):
C
K
(2)
=
1/2 1/2
2 2
[HI]
[H ] [I ]
=
C (1)
K = 64 = 8
cn bng (3):
C
K
(3)
=
1/2 1/2
2 2
[H ] [I ]
[HI]

=
C (2)
1
K
=
1
8
= 0,125.
Bi 70: p n A
2SO
3 (k)

2SO
2 (k) + O
2 (k)
0,257 0,257 0,1285

3
SO
n
phn ng
= 0,777 0,52 = 0,257 mol
Hng s cn bng:
C
K =
2
2 2
2
3
[SO ] .[O ]
[SO ]
=
2
2
0, 257 0,1285
.
2 2
0, 52
2
( (
( (

(
(

= 1,569.
2
10

.

322








1B 2D 3B 4C 5D 6C 7B 8B 9B 10A
11C 12B 13C 14D 15C 16D 17D 18C 19B 20A
21A 22B 23A 24D 25C 26D 27B 28C 29D 30C
31B 32D 33C 34C 35C 36B 37D 38D 39B 40C
41A 42A 43D 44B 45A 46B 47D 48A 49D 50B
51D 52C 53B 54B 55D 56C 57D 58C 59A 60B
61C 61A 63B 64B 65C 66B 67A 68B 69C 70B
71A 72B 73C 74C 75A 76C 77C 78C 79A 80D
81A 82D 83B 84B 85C 86D 87A 88C 89C 90A
91A 92C 93A 94B 95D 96C 97D 98C 99A 100A.

Bi 39: p n B
2NO
2
+ 2NaOH NaNO
3
+ NaNO
2
+ H
2
O
0,1 0,1 0,05 0,05
Ta c
2
NO
n =
2, 24
22, 4
= 0,1 (mol) ;
NaOH
n = 0,50,2 = 0,1 (mol)
Dung dch X cha 2 mui: NaNO
3
v NaNO
2

Vy dung dch X c mi trng kim (pH > 7,0).

Bi 45: p n A

H
n
+
=
HCl
n = 0,04.0,75 = 0,03 (mol)

OH
n

=
KOH
n + 2
2
Ba(OH)
n = 0,04V
1
+ 20,08V
1
= 0,2V
1
(mol)
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O
0,03 0,03
Dung dch thu c c pH = 12 OH

d
[H
+
] =
12
10

M hay [ OH

]
d
=
14
12
10
10

=
2
10

(M)

OH
n
d
=
2
10

(0,04 + V
1
) mol ; Do 0,2V
1
0,03 =
2
10

(0,04 + V
1
)
Chuyn 3
S IN LI
323

Gii ra ta c: V
1
= 0,16 lt hay V = 160 ml.
Bi 48: p n A
Ta c
H
n
+
= 20,10,05 + 0,10,1 = 0,02 (mol)

OH
n

= 0,10,2 + 20,10,1 = 0,04 (mol)
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O
0,02 0,02

OH
n
d
= 0,04 0,02 = 0,02 (mol)
Hay [ OH

]
d
=
0, 02
0, 2
= 0,1(M) =
1
10

(M)
[ H
+
] =
14
1
10
10

=
13
10

(M)
Vy pH = 13.
Bi 49: p n D
Ta c
H
n
+
= 0,20,1 + 20,20,05 = 0,04 (mol)

OH
n

b
= 20,3a = 0,6a (mol)
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O (1)
0,04 0,04

2
Ba
+
+
2
4
SO

BaSO
4 +
(2)
0,01 0,01 0,01
Dung dch sau khi trn c pH = 13 OH

d
[H
+
] =
13
10

M hay [ OH

]
d
=
14
13
10
10

=
1
10

(M)

OH
n

d
=
1
10

(0,2 + 0,3) = 0,05 (mol)

Do 0,6 a = 0,04 + 0,05 a = 0,15

2
Ba
n
+
= 0,3 a = 0,30,045 mol >
2
4
SO
n

= 0,20,05 = 0,01 mol
2
Ba
+
d
Vy m = 0,01233 = 2,33 (gam).
Bi 50: p n B
Ta c
H
n
+
= 20,10,1 + 0,10,2 + 0,10,3 = 0,07 (mol)

OH
n

= 0,2V + 0,29V = 0,49V (mol)
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O
0,49V 0,49V
Dung dch C c pH = 2 [ H
+
]
d
=
2
10

M
324


H
n
+
d
= 0,07 0,49V =
2
10

(0,3 + V)
Gii ra c V = 0,134 lt.
Bi 53: p n B
2Al + 2OH

+ 2H
2
O 2
2
AlO

+ 3H
2 |

0,04 0,04

Al
n =
1, 08
27
= 0,04 mol ;
OH
n

= 0,02.1,2 + 2.0,8.V
1
= 0,024 + 1,6V
1
mol
Do 0,024 + 1,6V
1
= 0,04 V
1
= 0,01 lt hay V = 10 ml.
Bi 54: p n B
Ta c
2
Ba(OH)
n = 0,30,1 = 0,03 (mol) ;
NaOH
n = 0,30,1 = 0,03 (mol)

2 4 3
Al (SO )
n = 0,20,1 = 0,02 (mol)
Ba(OH)
2

2
Ba
+
+ 2

OH Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
2
3
Al
+
+ 3
2
4
SO


0,03 0,03 0,06 0,02 0,04 0,06
NaOH Na
+
+

OH
0,03 0,03
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:
2K + 2H
2
O 2 K
+
+ 2

OH + H
2 |
(1)
0,03 0,03

2
Ba
+
+
2
4
SO

BaSO
4 +
(2)
0,03 0,03

3
Al
+
+ 3

OH Al(OH)
3 +
(3)
0,04 0,12
thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht th OH

phn ng va vi
3
Al
+


OH
n

to ra (1)
= 0,12 (0,06 + 0,03) = 0,03 (mol)
Vy m = 390,03 = 1,17 (gam).
Bi 55: p n D
CH
3
COONa
-
3
CH COO + Na
+

0,1 0,1
CH
3
COOH

-
3
CH COO + H
+

C : 0,1 0,1
[ ] : 0,1 x 0,1 + x x

a
K =
- +
3
3
[CH COO ].[H ]
[CH COOH]
= 1,75.
5
10

(0,1 x).x
0,1 x
+

= 1,75.
5
10

x
2
+ (0,1 + 1,75.
5
10

) x 0,175.
5
10

= 0
325

Gii ra ta c: x = 1,749.
5
10

pH 4,76.
Bi 56: p n C
2NaHCO
3
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaCO
3 +
+ Na
2
CO
3
+ 2H
2
O (1)
0,2 0,1 0,1
Na
2
CO
3
+ Ba(OH)
2
(d) BaCO
3 +
+ 2NaOH (2)
0,1 0,1
Theo (1, 2):
3
BaCO
n
+
= 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2 (mol)
Vy
3
BaCO
m
+
= 0,2197 = 39,4 (gam).
Bi 57: p n D
Ta c
2
3
CO
n

=
2 3
Na CO
n = 0,11,5 = 0,15 (mol)

3
HCO
n

=
3
KHCO
n = 0,11 = 0,1 (mol) ;
HCl
n = 0,21= 0,2 (mol)
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:

2
3
CO

+ H
+

3
HCO

(1)
Ban u : 0,15 0,2
Phn ng : 0,15 0,15 0,15
Sau phn ng: 0 0,05

3
HCO

+ H
+

2
CO | + H
2
O (2)
Ban u : 0,25 0,05
Phn ng : 0,05 0,05 0,05
Sau phn ng: 0,2 0
Vy V = 0,0522,4 = 1,12 (lt).
Bi 58: p n C
Ta c
NaCl
n = 10,3 = 0,3 (mol) ;
NaOH
n = 20,1 = 0,2 (mol)

4 2 3
(NH ) CO
n = 10,25 = 0,25 (mol) ;
2
Ba(OH)
n = 20,1 = 0,2 (mol)
NaCl Na
+
+

Cl NaOH Na
+
+ OH

0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
2
4
NH
+
+
2
3
CO

Ba(OH)
2

2
Ba
+
+ 2OH

0,25 0,5 0,25 0,2 0,2 0,4
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:

2
Ba
+
+
2
3
CO

BaCO
3 +
(1)
0,2 0,2 0,2

4
NH
+
+ OH

NH
3 |
+ H
2
O (2)
0,5 0,5 0,5
Vy khi lng c hai dung dch gim bng:
326


+
3
BaCO
m +
|
3
NH
m = 1970,2 + 170,5 = 47,9 (gam).
Bi 59: p n A
V trong mt dung dch lun trung ho v in tch nn:
2
2
Cu
n
+
+ 1
K
n
+
= 1
Cl
n

+ 2
2
4
SO
n


20,02 + 10,03 = 1x + 2y x + 2y = 0,07 (1)
Tng khi lng mui bng tng khi lng cc ion:
640,02 + 390,03 + 35,5x + 96y = 5,435 (gam)
35,5x + 96y = 2,985 (2)
Gii h hai phng trnh (1, 2) ta c: x = 0,03 ; y = 0,02.

327









1A 2B 3C 4C 5B 6D 7A 8C 9C 10D
11D 12B 13A 14A 15D 16C 17C 18A 19D 20C
21C 22B 23C 24C 25A 26A 27D 28C 29B 30C
31C 32C 33C 34B 35A 36B 37B 38C 39A 40B
41C 42C 43B 44D 45A 46C 47B 48B 49D 50C
51A 52C 53C 54A 55B 56C 57A 58C 59D 60B
61B 62D 63C 64C 65B 66A 67A 68D 69C 70D
71B 72A 73B 74A 75D 76B 77C 78B 79C 80C
81B 82B 83A 84B 85C 86C 87A 88B 89D 90A
91C 92D 93C 94C 95A 96A 97C 98B 99B 100A


Bi 16: p n C
Quy i hn hp 3 oxit v 1 oxit Fe
3
O
4
(v Fe
3
O
4
FeO.Fe
2
O
3
)
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 4H
2
O
0,01 0,08

3 4
Fe O
n =
2, 32
232
= 0,01 (mol)
Vy V =
0, 08
1
= 0,08 (lt).
Bi 17: p n C
S phn ng:
Mg
X Cu
Al

2
O +

2 3
MgO
Y CuO
Al O

MgO + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
O (1)
CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O (2)
Al
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (3)
Chuyn 4
PHI KIM
328

Ta c
O
m
/ hhY
= 3,33 2,13 = 1,2 (gam) hay
O
n
/ hhY
=
1, 2
16
= 0,075 (mol)
Theo (1, 2, 3):
HCl
n = 2
O
n
/ hhY
= 20,075 = 0,15 (mol)
Vy
dd HCl
V =
0,15
2
= 0,075 (lt) = 75 ml.
Bi 18: p n A
MX
n
+ nAgNO
3
nAgX+ + M(NO
3
)
n

0, 7
n
0,7 0,7
Ta c
3
AgNO
n = 0,71 = 0,7 (mol)

AgX
M
+
= 108 + X =
131,6
0,7
= 188 (g/mol) X = 80 (Br)

n
MX
m = (M + 80 n)
0, 7
n
= 70 (gam) M = 20 n
Ch c cp nghim duy nht ph hp l: n = 2, M = 40 (Ca)
Vy cng thc MX
n
l CaBr
2
.
Bi 20: p n C
t cng thc st oxit l
x y
Fe O ;
HCl
n =
10 26,07 1,05
100 36, 5

= 0,075 (mol)

x y
Fe O + 2y HCl x
2y
x
FeCl + y H
2
O

0, 0375
y
0,075
Do (56x + 16y)
0, 0375
y
= 2
x
y
=
2
3
(Fe
2
O
3
).
Bi 21: p n C
Gi x, y l s mol NaCl v NaBr
NaCl + AgNO
3
AgCl + + NaNO
3
(1)
x x x
NaBr + AgNO
3
AgBr + + NaNO
3
(2)
y y y
Ta c m
+
=
3
AgNO
m
Cl
m

+
Br
m

=
3
NO
m


Hay 35,5x + 80y = 62(x + y)
x
y
=
36
53

Vy %
NaBr
m =
103.53
100%
58, 5.36 103.53

+
72,16%.
Bi 22: p n B
329

t cng thc trung bnh ca NaX v NaY l: NaX ( x mol)
NaX + AgNO
3
AgX + + NaNO
3

C 1 mol NaX phn ng th khi lng tng l: 108 23 = 85 (gam)
Vy khi lng tng: 8,61 6,03 = 2,58 (gam) th
NaX
n =
2,58
85
0,03 (mol)

NaX
M = 23 + X =
6,03
0,03
= 201 (g/mol) X = 178
127 (I) < X = 178 < 210 (At)
Nh vy, trng hp hai mui u to kt ta l khng tho mn bi, v At l nguyn t
phng x Hai nguyn t X, Y phi l: F v Cl (do AgF tan)
NaCl + AgNO
3
AgCl + + NaNO
3

0,06 0,06

AgCl
n
+
=
8,61
143,5
= 0,06 (mol)
NaF
m = 6,03 58,5 0,06 = 2,52 (gam)
Vy %
NaF
m =
2,52
100%
6,03
41,8%.
Bi 33: p n C
2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2 |
(1)
Zn + H
2
SO
4
ZnSO
4
+ H
2 |
(2)
Theo (1, 2):
2 4
H SO
n =
2
H
n =
2, 24
22, 4
= 0,1 (mol)

2 4
dd H SO
m =
98 0,1 100
10

= 98 (gam)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:

dd
m
sau phn ng
=
hh
m +
2 4
dd H SO
m
2
H
m
|
= 3,68 + 98 20,1 = 101,48 (gam)
Bi 36: p n B
Khi lng FeS
2
c trong 1,6 tn qung pirit st:
1, 6 60
100

= 0,96 (tn)
S cc phn ng sn xut axit H
2
SO
4
:
FeS
2

2
o
O
t
+
2SO
2

2
o
O
t , xt
+
2SO
3

2
H O +
2H
2
SO
4
120 tn 196 tn
0,96 tn x tn
x =
0,96 196
120

= 1,568 (tn)
V hiu sut ca qu trnh sn xut l 80% nn:

2 4
H SO
m =
1, 568 80
100

= 1,2544 (tn).
330

Bi 37: p n B
t cng thc oleum l: H
2
SO
4
.nSO
3

H
2
SO
4
.nSO
3
+ n H
2
O (1 + n) H
2
SO
4
(1)

0,5
1 + n
0,5
H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O (2)
0,5 1

NaOH
n = 0,52 = 1 mol ; Do (98 + 80n)
0, 5
1 n +
= 41,8 n = 4
Vy cng thc oleum l: H
2
SO
4
.4SO
3
.

Bi 60: p n B
Gi x l s mol N
2
phn ng
N
2
+ 3H
2

2NH
3

Ban u: 2 7
Phn ng: x 3x 2x
Sau phn ng: 2 x 7 3x 2x
Ta c 2x + (2 x ) + (7 3x) = 8,2 x = 0,4

3
NH
V = 2x = 20,4 = 0,8 (lt)
Vy hiu sut ca phn ng l:
0, 4
100%
2
= 20%.
Bi 62: p n D
CuSO
4
+ 2NH
3
+ 2H
2
O Cu(OH)
2 +
+ (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
(1)
TH 1: 0,3 0,6 0,3
TH 2: 0,35 0,7 0,35
Nhn xt:
2
Cu(OH)
n
+
=
29,4
98
= 0,3 (mol) <
4
CuSO
n = 0,35 mol
Do c th xy ra 2 trng hp:
* Trng hp 1: CuSO
4
d, ch xy ra phn ng (1)
3
NH
n = 0,6 mol
* Trng hp 2: NH
3
d, ho tan mt phn Cu(OH)
2
:
Cu(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
(2)
0,05 0,2

2
Cu(OH)
n
phn ng (2)
= 0,35 0,3 = 0,05 (mol)
Theo (1, 2):
3
NH
n = 0,7 + 0,2 = 0,9 (mol)
Vy s mol NH
3

phn ng l: 0,6 mol hoc 0,9 mol.
Bi 63: p n C

0
Cu + H
5
N
+
O
3

2
Cu
+
(NO
3
)
2
+
2
N
+
O +
4
N
+
O
2
+ H
2
O
331

t
NO
n = a mol v
2
NO
n = b mol
Ta c
hh
M = 16,62 = 33,2 (g/mol)
S ng cho:
a

(NO) 30 46 33, 2

46 33, 2
a 12,8 4
b 30 33, 2 3, 2 1

= = =

33,2
b (NO
2
) 46 30 33, 2
13
0
Cu
2
Cu
+
+ 2e
2 5
5
N
+
+ 13e 4
2
N
+
+
4
N
+

13Cu + 36HNO
3
13Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 8NO + 2NO
2
+ 18H
2
O
Bi 65: p n B
Ta c
Mg
n =
2,16
24
= 0,09 (mol) ;
NO
n
|
=
0,896
22,4
= 0,04 (mol)
3Mg + 8HNO
3
3Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O (1)
0,06 0,06 0,04

Mg
n
cn li
= 0,09 0,06 = 0,03 (mol)
Nh vy, sn phm kh ngoi kh NO cn c mui NH
4
NO
3
:
4Mg + 10HNO
3
4Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ NH
4
NO
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
0,03 0,03
0, 03
4

Do mui khan thu c gm Mg(NO
3
)
2
v NH
4
NO
3

Vy m
mui khan
= 148(0,06 + 0,03) + 80
0, 03
4
= 13,92 (gam).
Bi 66: p n A
Ta c
Cu
n =
12,8
64
= 0,2 (mol) ;
3
HNO
n = 0,121 = 0,12 (mol) =
3
NO
n



2 4
H SO
n = 0,120,5 = 0,06 (mol)
H
n
+
= 0,12 + 20,06 = 0,24 (mol)
3Cu + 8 H
+
+ 2
3
NO

3
2
Cu
+
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O
Ban u : 0,2 0,24 0,12
Phn ng : 0,09 0,24 0,06 0,06
Sau phn ng : 0,11 0 0,06
Vy V = 22,40,06 = 1,344 (lt).
Bi 67: p n A
Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO, Fe
2
O
3

3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO| + 5H
2
O (1)
0,18 0,18 0,06
332

Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
01 , 0 02 , 0

NO
n =
1, 344
22, 4
= 0,06 (mol)
2 3
Fe O
n =
11, 36 72 0,18
160

= 01 , 0 (mol)

3 3
Fe(NO )
n = 0,18 + ( 02 , 0 ) = 0,16 (mol) ; Vy m = 2420,16 = 38,72 (gam)
Bi 69: p n C
2AgNO
3

o
t
2Ag + 2NO
2
| + O
2
| (1)
0,2 0,2 0,1
4NO
2
+ 2H
2
O + O
2
4HNO
3
(2)
0,2 0,05 0,2

3
AgNO
n =
34
170
= 0,2 (mol)
dd A
V =
2
H O
V =
250
1
= 250 (ml) = 0,25 lt
Vy [HNO
3
] =
0, 2
0, 25
= 0,8(M).
Bi 71: p n B
Ta c
KOH
n = 0,11,5 = 0,15 (mol) ;
3 4
H PO
n = 0,20,5 = 0,1 (mol)
Lp t l 1 <
3 4
KOH
H PO
n
n
=
0,15
0,1
= 1,5 < 2
Vy phn ng gia KOH v H
3
PO
4
to ra hn hp hai mui K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
.
Bi 74: p n A
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3H
2
SO
4
2H
3
PO
4
+ 3CaSO
4 +
(1)
4 8/3
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 4H
3
PO
4
3Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
(2)
8/3 2
Ta c
2 4 2
Ca(H PO )
n =
468
234
= 2 (kmol)
2 4
H SO
m
p
= 984 = 392 (kg)
Vy
2 4
dd H SO
m
cn dng
=
392 100 100
70 80

= 700 (kg).

Bi 80: p n C
Ta c
2
CO
n =
0, 448
22, 4
= 0,02 (mol)

NaOH
n = 0,10,06 = 0,006 (mol) ;
2
Ba(OH)
n = 0,10,12 = 0,012 (mol)

OH
n

= 0,006 + 20,012 = 0,03 (mol)
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:
CO
2
+ OH

3
HCO

+ H
2
O (1)
Ban u : 0,02 0,03
333

Phn ng : 0,02 0,02 0,02
Sau phn ng: 0 0,01

3
HCO

+ OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O (2)
Ban u : 0,02 0,01
Phn ng : 0,01 0,01 0,01
Sau phn ng: 0,01 0

2
Ba
+
+
2
3
CO

BaCO
3 +
(3)
Ban u : 0,012 0,01
Phn ng : 0,01 0,01 0,01
Sau phn ng: 0,002 0
Vy m =
3
BaCO
m
+
= 1970,01 = 1,97 (gam).
334








1B 2D 3A 4B 5D 6C 7C 8B 9A 10B
11D 12C 13A 14A 15A 16D 17D 18B 19A 20C
21D 22D 23A 24D 25A 26D 27C 28A 29B 30B
31A 32A 33D 34C 35A 36A 37B 38C 39A 40C
41D 42C 43D 44C 45D 46C 47B 48C 49B 50B
51C 52A 53A 54B 55C 56C 57C 58C 59A 60C
61A 62B 63A 64A 65C 66C 67C 68B 69A 70B
71A 72D 73A 74B 75C 76D 77B 78B 79A 80C
81B 82D 83B 84B 85D 86B 87D 88B 89D 90D
91B 92A 93C 94C 95D 96B 97A 98D 99C 100B

Bi 49: p n B
Khi pin Zn-Cu hot ng:
in cc Zn (cc m): Zn
2
Zn
+
+ 2e
Ion Zn
2+
tan vo dung dch lm khi lng in cc Zn gim
in cc Cu (cc dng): Cu + 2e
2
Cu
+

Cu to thnh bm vo in cc lm khi lng in cc Cu tng.
Bi 50: p n B
E
o
(Y-Cu) > E
o
(Z-Cu) > E
o
(Cu-X)
Tnh kh tng dn theo th t: X, Cu, Z, Y.
Bi 52: p n A
Sut in ng chun ca pin in ho Cu-Ag:

o
pin (Cu Ag)
E

=
o
Ag / Ag
E
+

2
o
Cu / Cu
E
+


2
o
Cu / Cu
E
+
=
o
Ag / Ag
E
+

o
pin (Cu Ag)
E

= 0,8 0,46 = +0,34(V)
Sut in ng chun ca pin in ho Zn-Cu:

o
pin (Zn Cu)
E

=
2
o
Cu / Cu
E
+

2
o
Zn / Zn
E
+


2
o
Zn / Zn
E
+
=
2
o
Cu / Cu
E
+

o
pin (Zn Cu)
E

= 0,34 1,1 = 0,76(V).
Chuyn 5
I CNG V KM LOI
335

Bi 58: p n C
CuCl
2


Cu + Cl
2 |
(1)
0,005 0,005
Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O (2)
0,005 0,01

Cu
n =
0, 32
64
= 0,005 (mol) ; Vy [NaOH]
ban u
=
0, 01
0, 2
+ 0,05 = 0,1(M).
Bi 61: p n A
Zn + CdSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cd
0,04 0,04 0,04

4
CdSO
n =
8, 32
208
= 0,04 mol
Khi lng l Zn tng = 1120,04 650,04 = 1,88 gam

Zn
m
ban u
=
1,88 100
2, 35

= 80 gam.
Bi 65: p n C
Zn + 2AgNO
3
Zn(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag (1)
0,5x x 0,5x x
Zn + Cu(NO
3
)
2
Zn(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu (2)
x x x x
t
3
AgNO
n =
3 2
Cu(NO )
n = x mol
Ta c (108x + 64x) 65(0,5x + x) = 14,9 gam x =
14, 9
74, 5
= 0,2 (mol)
Dung dch A l dd Zn(NO
3
)
2
(2 lt)
3 2
Zn(NO )
n = 1,50,2 = 0,3 (mol)
Vy [Zn(NO
3
)
2
] =
0, 3
2
= 0,15(M).
Bi 66: p n C
M + Cu(NO
3
)
2
M(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu (1)
x x x
M + Pb(NO
3
)
2
M(NO
3
)
2
+ Pb (2)
x x x
Theo bi, ta c t l:
Mx 64x
207x Mx

=
0, 2
28, 4
x = 65 (Zn).
Bi 68: p n B
Ta c
2
FeCl
n = 0,11,2 = 0,12 (mol) =
2
Fe
n
+

Cl
n

= 0,24 mol

3
AgNO
n = 0,22 = 0,4 (mol) =
Ag
n
+

pdd

336

Ag
+
+ Cl

AgCl + (1)
0,24 0,24 0,24

2
Fe
+
+ Ag
+

3
Fe
+
+ Ag+ (2)
0,12 0,12 0,12

Ag
n
+

d
= 0,4 (0,24 + 0,12) = 0,04 (mol)
Vy m = 143,50,24 + 1080,12 = 47,4 (gam).
Bi 69: p n A

Al
n =
2, 7
27
= 0,1 (mol);
Fe
n =
5, 6
56
= 0,1 (mol);
3
AgNO
n = 0,551 = 0,55 (mol)
Al + 3AgNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3Ag+ (1)
0,1 0,3 0,3
Fe + 2AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag+ (2)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2
Theo (1,2)
3
AgNO
n
d
= 0,55 (0,3 + 0,2) = 0,05 mol
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag+ (3)
0,05 0,05 0,05
Vy m = 108(0,3 + 0,2 + 0,05) = 59,4 (gam).
Bi 70: p n B
Ta c
2
H
n
|
=
1, 344
22, 4
= 0,06 (mol) ;
HCl
n =
3
FeCl
n = 0,20,8 = 0,16 (mol)

H
n
+
=
3
Fe
n
+
= 0,16 mol
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion theo th t:
Al + 3
3
Fe
+

3
Al
+
+ 3
2
Fe
+
(1)
0,16
0,16
3
0,16
2Al + 6 H
+
2
3
Al
+
+ 3H
2 |
(2)
0,12 0,04 0,06

H
n
+
d
= 0,16 0,12 = 0,04 (mol)
Do dung dch thu c gm hai mui AlCl
3
v FeCl
2

Vy m
mui
= 133,5(
0,16
3
+ 0,04) + 1270,16 = 32,78 (gam).

337









1C 2C 3B 4A 5D 6D 7D 8A 9A 10C
11A 12D 13A 14A 15B 16B 17B 18C 19A 20A
21B 22C 23A 24C 25C 26B 27A 28A 29C 30D
31A 32D 33C 34B 35D 36D 37B 38D 39D 40B
41D 42D 43C 44D 45A 46C 47D 48C 49D 50C
51D 52C 53A 54D 55C 56C 57D 58C 59C 60B
61B 62D 63A 64B 65A 66B 67D 68A 69B 70C
71A 72C 73C 74C 75A 76C 77D 78B 79C 80A
81D 82C 83C 84A 85C 86B 87B 88D 89A, C 90B
91A 92A 93D 94B 95C 96B 97A 98B 99D 100B

Bi 9: p n A
2NaCl + 2H
2
O
cmn
2NaOH + H
2 |
+ Cl
2 |
(1)
0,4 0,2 0,2
Ta c
NaCl
n = 0,251,6 = 0,4 (mol) ;
catot
n
|
=
20,16
22,4
= 0,9 (mol)
V
2
H catot
n
|
= 0,2 mol < 0,9 mol nn sau (1) tip tc s in phn H
2
O:
2H
2
O

2H
2 |
+ O
2 |
(2)
0,7 0,35

2
H
n
|
to ra (2)
= 0,9 0,2 = 0,7 (mol)
Vy
anot
V
|
= (0,2 + 0,35)22,4 = 12,32 (lt).
Bi 10: p n C
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:
Chuyn 6
KIM LOI KIM - KIM LOI KIM TH
NHM
p
p
338

H
+
+ OH

H
2
O (1)
0,08 0,08

3
Fe
+
+ 3OH

Fe(OH)
3 +
(2)
0,024 0,072 0,024

3
Al
+
+ 3OH

Al(OH)
3 +
(3)
0,032 0,096 0,032

NaOH
n = 0,251,04 = 0,26 (mol) ;
H
n
+
= 2
2 4
H SO
n = 0,08 (mol)

3
Fe
n
+
=
3
FeCl
n = 0,024 mol ;
3
Al
n
+
= 2
2 4 3
Al (SO )
n = 0,032 (mol)
Theo (1, 2, 3):
NaOH
n = 0,08 + 0,072 + 0,096 = 0,248 (mol)

NaOH
n
d
= 0,26 0,248 = 0,012 (mol)
Al(OH)
3
+ OH

4
[Al(OH) ]

(4)
0,012 0,012
Do kt ta thu c gm
3
3
Fe(OH) : 0,024 mol
Al(OH) : 0, 02 mol

Vy m = 1070,024 + 780,02 = 4,128 (gam).
Bi11: p n A
M
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2MCl + CO
2 |
+ H
2
O (1)
x x
MHCO
3
+ HCl MCl + CO
2 |
+ H
2
O (2)
y y
Ta c
2
CO
n = x + y =
0, 448
22, 4
= 0,02 (mol) ;
hh
M =
1, 9
0, 02
= 95 (g/mol)
M + 61 < 95 < 2M + 60 hay 17,5 < M < 34 ; Vy kim loi kim M l Na.
Bi 15: p n B
Na
kk

2
2 3
Na O
NaOH
X
Na CO
Na

2 4
H SO
dd Y (dd Na
2
SO
4
) Na
2
SO
4
.10H
2
O
Ta c
2 4 2
Na SO .10H O
n =
8, 05
322
= 0,025 (mol)

Na
n
ca mu Na
=
Na
n
trong tinh th
= 2
2 4 2
Na SO .10H O
n = 0,05 mol
Vy khi lng mu Na l: 0,0523 = 1,15 (gam).
Bi 16: p n B
339

Phn 1:
3
HCO

+ OH

2
3
CO

+ H
2
O (1)
a a a

2
Ca
+
+
2
3
CO

CaCO
3 +
(2)
a + b a + b
Phn 2:
2
3
CO

+ H
+

3
HCO

(3)
b b b

3
HCO

+ H
+
CO
2 |
+ H
2
O (4)
a + b a + b
Gi a, b l s mol ca ion
3
HCO

v
2
3
CO

c trong 1/2 lng dung dch X
T (1, 2):
3
CaCO
n
+
= a + b =
20
100
= 0,2 (mol); Vy V = 22,40,2 = 4,48 (lt).
Bi 33: p n C
2M

+ n H
2
O 2M(OH)
n
+ n H
2 |
(1)

0, 02
n

0, 02
n
0,01
M
2
O
n
+ n H
2
O 2M(OH)
n
(2)
0,01
0, 01
n
0,02
0, 02
n

Ta c
2
H
n
|
=
0, 224
22, 4
= 0,01 (mol) ;
n
M(OH)
n = 0,50,04 = 0,02 (mol)
M
0, 02
n
+ (2M +16n)(0,01
0, 01
n
) = 2,9 M = 153 8n
Ch c cp nghim thch hp: n = 2 ; M = 137 (Ba).
Bi 34: p n B
2Na

+ 2H
2
O 2 Na
+
+ 2OH

+ H
2 |
(1)
Ba

+ 2H
2
O
2
Ba
+
+ 2OH

+ H
2 |
(2)
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O (3)
0,3 0,3
Ta c
2
H
n
|
=
3,36
22, 4
= 0,15 (mol)
T (1, 2):
OH
n

= 2
2
H
n
|
= 0,3 (mol)
2 4
H SO
n =
1
2

H
n
+
= 0,15 (mol)
Vy
2 4
dd H SO
V =
0,15
2
= 0,075 (lt) = 75 ml.
Bi 35: p n D
340

Khi lng ca 1 lt H
2
O = 10001 = 1000 (gam)
C 1000 gam H
2
O ho tan c ti a 38 gam Ba(OH)
2
20
o
C
Vy 100 gam - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x gam - - - - - - - - - - -
Do tan ca Ba(OH)
2
20
o
C l: x =
100 38
1000

= 3,8 (gam).
Bi 37: p n B
t cng thc chung hai kim loi X v Zn l M
M + 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2 |
(1)
0,03 0,03
X + H
2
SO
4
XSO
4
+ H
2 |
(2)
< 0,05 < 0,05
Ta c
2
H
n
|
sinh ra (1)
=
0, 672
22, 4
= 0,03 (mol) M =
1, 7
0, 03
56,67 (g/mol)
X < M 55,67 < Zn (M = 65)
Mt khc
2
H
n
|
sinh ra (2)
<
1,12
22, 4
= 0,05
X
M >
1, 9
0, 05
= 38
Vy kim loi X l Ca.
Bi 41: p n D
t 2 kim loi kim l A v 1 kim loi kim th l B
2A

+ 2H
2
O 2 A
+
+ 2OH

+ H
2 |
(1)
B

+ 2H
2
O
2
B
+
+ 2OH

+ H
2 |
(2)
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O (3)
0,24 0,24
Theo (1, 2):
OH
n
/ dd Y
= 2
2
H
n
|
= 20,12 = 0,24 (mol)

2 4
H SO
n =
1
2

H
n
+
=
1
2
0,24 = 0,12 (mol)
Vy
2 4
dd H SO
V =
0,12
0, 5
= 0,24 (lt) = 240 ml.
Bi 43: p n C
Ta c
Mg
n =
1, 2
24
= 0,05 (mol) ;
H
n
+
=
HCl
n = 0,11,5 = 0,15 (mol)

3
NO
n

=
3
NaNO
n = 0,10,5 = 0,05 (mol)
5Mg

+ 12 H
+
+ 2
3
NO

5
2
Mg
+
+ N
2 |
+ 6H
2
O
Ban u : 0,05 0,15 0,05
341

Phn ng : 0,05 0,12 0,02 0,01
Vy V = 22,40,01 = 0,224 (lt) = 224 ml.
Bi 53: p n A
AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH

Al(OH)
3 +
+ 3NaCl (1)
0,3 0,9 0,3
Ta c
3
AlCl
n = 0,21,5 = 0,3 (mol) >
3
Al(OH)
n
+
=
15,6
78
= 0,2 (mol)
gi tr V ln nht th AlCl
3
phn ng ht kt ta tan mt phn:

Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH Na[Al(OH)
4
] (2)
0,1 0,1

3
Al(OH)
n
p (2)
= 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol
Theo (1, 2):
NaOH
n = 0,9 + 0,1 = 1,0 (mol) ; Vy V =
1, 0
0, 5
= 2 (lt).
Bi 55: p n C
Na[Al(OH)
4
]

+ HCl

Al(OH)
3 +
+ NaCl + H
2
O (1)
a a a
Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
a 3a
Nu kt ta va tan ht th
HCl
n = 3a + a = 4a (mol)
Vy iu kin thu c kt ta sau phn ng l: b < 4a.
Bi 57: p n D
S phn ng:
o
3
HNO 3 3 t 2 3
3
Al(NO ) Al O Al

Ag AgNO Ag
+





p dng s bo ton nguyn t, ta c:

2 3
Al O
n =
1
2

Al
n =
1
2
0,03 = 0,015 (mol) ;
Ag
n = 0,02 mol
Vy x = 1020,015 + 1080,02 = 3,69 (gam).
Bi 59: p n C
S phn ng:
Mg
X Cu
Al

2
O +

2 3
MgO
Y CuO
Al O

MgO + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
O (1)
CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O (2)
Al
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (3)
342

Ta c
O
m
/ hhY
= 3,33 2,13 = 1,2 (gam) hay
O
n
/ hhY
=
1, 2
16
= 0,075 (mol)
Theo (1, 2, 3):
HCl
n = 2
O
n
/ hhY
= 20,075 = 0,15 (mol)
Vy
dd HCl
V =
0,15
2
= 0,075 (lt) = 75 ml.
Bi 61: p n B
t
Na
n = x mol ;
Al
n = 2x mol
2Na + 2H
2
O

2NaOH + H
2 |
(1)
x x
x
2

2Al + 2NaOH + 6H
2
O

2Na[Al(OH)
4
] + 3H
2 |
(2)
x x
3x
2

Cht rn khng tan l Al d (x mol)
Theo (1, 2):
2
H
n
|
=
x
2
+
3x
2
=
8,96
22,4
= 0,4 (mol) x = 0,2 mol
Vy m = 270,2 = 5,4 (gam).
Bi 63: p n A
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:
H
+
+

OH H
2
O (1)
0,2 0,2

3
Al
+
+ 3

OH Al(OH)
3 +
(2)
0,2 0,6 0,2
Al(OH)
3
+

OH
4
[Al(OH) ]

(3)
0,1 0,1

H
n
+
= 2
2 4
H SO
n = 0,2 mol ;
3
Al
n
+
= 2
2 4 3
Al (SO )
n = 0,2 mol
V
+
3
) OH ( Al
n =
7, 8
78
= 0,1 (mol) <
3
Al
n
+
= 0,2 mol
Nn thu c V ln nht th kt ta tan 0,1 mol trong

OH

NaOH
n =
OH
n

= 0,2 + 0,6 + 0,1 = 0,9 (mol)
Vy V =
0, 9
2
= 0,45 (lt).
Bi 64: p n B
Ta c
2
Ba(OH)
n = 0,30,1 = 0,03 (mol) ;
NaOH
n = 0,30,1 = 0,03 (mol)
343


2 4 3
Al (SO )
n = 0,20,1 = 0,02 (mol)
Ba(OH)
2

2
Ba
+
+ 2

OH Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
2
3
Al
+
+ 3
2
4
SO


0,03 0,03 0,06 0,02 0,04 0,06
NaOH Na
+
+

OH
0,03 0,03
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:
2K + 2H
2
O 2 K
+
+ 2

OH + H
2 |
(1)
0,03 0,03

2
Ba
+
+
2
4
SO

BaSO
4 +
(2)
0,03 0,03

3
Al
+
+ 3

OH Al(OH)
3 +
(3)
0,04 0,12
thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht th OH

phn ng va vi
3
Al
+


OH
n

to ra (1)
= 0,12 (0,06 + 0,03) = 0,03 (mol)
Vy m = 390,03 = 1,17 (gam).
Bi 65: p n A
Ta c
|
2
H
n =
8, 736
22, 4
= 0,39 (mol)

HCl
n = 0,51 = 0,5 (mol) ;
2 4
H SO
n = 0,50,28 = 0,14 (mol)
Cc phng trnh in li:
HCl H
+
+ Cl

0,5 0,5 0,5
H
2
SO
4
2
+
H +
2
4
SO


0,14 0,28 0,14

H
n
+

ban u
= 0,5 + 0,28 = 0,78 (mol)
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:
Mg + 2H
+

2
Mg
+
+ H
2
| (1)
2Al + 6 H
+

3
Al
+
+ 3H
2
| (2)
Theo (1, 2):
H
n
+

phn ng
= 2
|
2
H
n = 0,78 (mol) H
+
phn ng va .

Vy
X
m = m
hh kim loi
+ m
gc axit
= 7,74 + 35,50,5 + 960,14 = 38,93 (gam).
Bi 66: p n B
Cc phng trnh in li:
344

KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O K
+
+
3
Al
+
+ 2
2
4
SO

+ 12H
2
O
0,1 0,1 0,2
Ba(OH)
2

2
Ba
+
+ 2

OH
0,2 0,2 0,4
Phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng dng ion:

2
Ba
+
+
2
4
SO

BaSO
4 +
(1)
0,2 0,2 0,2

3
Al
+
+ 3OH

Al(OH)
3 +
(2)
0,1 0,3 0,1
Al(OH)
3
+ OH

4
[Al(OH) ]

(3)
0,1 0,1
Ta c
4 2 2
KAl(SO ) .12H O
n =
47, 4
474
= 0,1 (mol)

2
Ba(OH)
n = 0,21 = 0,2 (mol)
Kt ta thu c ch c BaSO
4

Vy m = 2330,2 = 46,6 (gam).
Bi 69: p n B
2Al
2
O
3

4Al + 3O
2 |
(1)
2,8 2,1
C + O
2
CO
2
(2)
0,6 0,6
2C + O
2
2CO (3)
0,9 1,8
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2

d
CaCO
3 +
+ H
2
O (4)
0,02 0,02
Ta c X M = 162 = 32 (g/mol) Hn hp X gm O
2
, CO
2
v CO

X
n
em p
=
2, 24
22, 4
= 0,1 (mol) ;
3
CaCO
n
+
=
2
100
= 0,02 (mol)

2
CO
% n =
0, 02
100%
0,1
= 20%
Mt khc
X
n
thot ra
=
67,2
22,4
= 3 (kmol)
2
CO
n =
20 3
100

= 0,6 (kmol)
Gi s mol O
2
c trong 3 kmol hn hp X l x kmol
pnc
345


CO
n = 3 (x + 0,6) = 2,4 x kmol
Do
X M =
32x 44.0, 6 28.(2, 4 x)
3
+ +
= 32 (g/mol)
x = 0,6 kmol ;
CO
n = 2,4 0,6 = 1,8 kmol

2
O
n sinh ra (1) = 0,6 + 0,9 + 0,6 = 2,1 (kmol)
Vy m = 272,8 = 75,6 (kg).
346










1B 2A 3B 4D 5C 6C 7C 8C 9A 10B
11D 12D 13C 14B 15C 16A 17A 18B 19B 20D
21A 22C 23B 24A 25C 26C 27A 28C 29C 30A
31A 32D 33D 34C 35B 36B 37B 38B 39B 40D
41B 42B 43D 44C 45D 46C 47D 48D 49D 50A
51D 52A 53C 54A 55B 56C 57D 58B 59A 60D
61A 62C 63C 64A 65C 66B 67B 68C 69C 70B
71A 72B 73C 74A 75C 76D 77C 78D 79B 70D
81A 82A 83C 84A 85B 86D 87A 88C 89A 80A
91A 92A 93B 94B 95C 96A 97A 98A 99C 100A

Bi 16: p n A
Quy hn hp v hai oxit FeO v Fe
2
O
3

FeO + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
O (1)
0,06 0,06
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
0,03 0,06
Ta c
2
FeCl
n =
7, 62
127
= 0,06 (mol)

2 3
Fe O
n =
9,12 72 0, 06
160

= 0,03 (mol)
Vy m = 162,50,06 = 9,75 (gam).
Bi 20: p n D
Chuyn 7
ST - CROM - NG. S LC V CC
KIM LOI BC, VNG, NIKEN, KM,
THIC, CH

347

Ta c
HCl
n = 0,42 = 0,8 (mol)
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 4H
2
O (1)
0,1 0,8 0,1 0,2

2FeCl
3
+ Cu 2FeCl
2
+ CuCl
2
(2)
0,2 0,1 0,2
Cht rn B l Cu d
Cu
n
d
= 0,15 0,1 = 0,05 (mol)
Theo (1, 2):
2
FeCl
n = 0,1 + 0,2 = 0,3 mol
Vy x = 1270,3 = 38,1 (gam) ; y = 640,05 = 3,2 (gam).
Bi 24: p n A
Ta c
Fe
n =
6,72
56
= 0,12 (mol) ;
3
HNO
n = 0,41 = 0,4 (mol)
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
|
+ 2H
2
O (1)
0,1 0,4 0,1

Fe
n
d
= 0,12 0,1 = 0,02 mol nn xy ra phn ng:
Fe + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
2
(2)
0,02 0,04 0,06
Sau (2) trong dung dch X c 0,06 mol Fe(NO
3
)
2
v 0,1 0,04 = 0,06 (mol) Fe(NO
3
)
3
,
nhng ch c Fe(NO
3
)
3
ho tan Cu:
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Cu 2Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu(NO
3
)
2
(3)
0,06 0,03
Vy m = 640,03 = 1,92 (gam).
Bi 25: p n C
Ta c
3 2
Cu(NO )
n = 0,80,2 = 0,16 (mol) ;
2 4
H SO
n = 0,80,25 = 0,2 (mol)

H
n
+
= 2
2 4
H SO
n = 0,4 (mol) ;
3
NO
n

= 2
3 2
Cu(NO )
n = 0,32 (mol)
Fe +
2
Cu
+

2
Fe
+
+ Cu (1)
0,16 0,16 0,16
Fe + 4 H
+
+
3
NO

3
Fe
+
+ NO| + 2H
2
O (2)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1
Hn hp bt kim loi thu c gm Cu v Fe d nn xy ra phn ng:
2
3
Fe
+
+ Fe 3
2
Fe
+
(3)
0,1 0,05

Fe
n
d
=
m
56
(0,16 + 0,1 + 0,05) =
m
56
0,31 (mol)
348

Do 56(
m
56
0,31) + 640,16 = 0,6m m = 17,8 gam
Vy
NO
V
|
= 22,40,1 = 2,24 (lt).
Bi 27: p n A
3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO| + 5H
2
O (1)
0,18 0,18 0,06
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
01 , 0 02 , 0

NO
n =
1, 344
22, 4
= 0,06 (mol)
2 3
Fe O
n =
11, 36 72 0,18
160

= 01 , 0 (mol)

3 3
Fe(NO )
n = 0,18 + ( 02 , 0 ) = 0,16 (mol) ; Vy m = 2420,16 = 38,72 (gam)
Bi 29: p n C

x y
M O + y H
2

o
t
x M + y H
2
O (1)
0,2025 0,2025
2M + 2n HCl 2
n
MCl + n H
2 |
(2)

0, 27
n
0,135
Ta c
2
H
n
phn ng
=
4,536
22,4
= 0,2025 (mol);
2
H
n
sinh ra
=
3,024
22,4
= 0,135 (mol)
p dng nh lut BTKL:
M
m = 10,8 + 20,2025 180,2025 = 7,56 (gam)
Do M
0, 27
n
= 7,56 hay M = 28 n n = 2 ; M = 56 (Fe)

M
n =
0, 27
2
= 0,135 (mol)
Theo (1):
x
y
=
0,135
0, 2025
=
2
3
(Fe
2
O
3
).
Bi 30: p n A
3Cu + 8HNO
3
3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O (1)
x x
2x
3

3Fe
3
O
4
+ 28HNO
3
9Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO| + 14H
2
O (2)
y 3y
y
3

2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Cu 2Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu(NO
3
)
2
(3)
349

3y
3y
2
3y
3y
2

Do sau phn ng thu c 2,4 gam kim loi (Cu) nn Fe(NO
3
)
3
phn ng ht
dung dch Y cha Fe(NO
3
)
2
v Cu(NO
3
)
2

Gi x, y l s mol Cu, Fe
3
O
4
phn ng (1) v (2)
Ta c 64x + 232y + 64
3y
2
+2,4 = 61,2 64x + 328y = 58,8 (I)
Theo (1, 2):
NO
n =
2x
3
+
y
3
=
3, 36
22, 4
= 0,15 (mol) 2x + y = 0,45 (II)
Gii h hai phng trnh (I, II) ta c: x = y = 0,15 mol

3 2
Cu(NO )
n = x +
3y
2
= 0,15 +
3 0,15
2

= 0,375 (mol)

3 2
Fe(NO )
n = 3y = 30,15 = 0,45 (mol)
Vy m = 1880,375 + 1800,45 = 151,5 (gam).
Bi 31: p n A
Ta c
O/ hhA
m = (m + x) m = x gam
O/ hhA
n =
x
16
mol
FeO + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
O (1)
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl FeCl
2
+ 2FeCl
3
+ 4H
2
O (3)
Theo (1, 2, 3):
HCl
n = 2
O/ hhA
n = 2
x
16
=
x
8
mol

dd HCl
m =
x
36, 5 100
8
3,65

= 125x (gam) ; Vy V =
125x
d
(ml).
Bi 32: p n D
Ta c
hh Z
n =
5, 6
22, 4
= 0,25 (mol)

3
HNO
n =
44,1
63
= 0,7 (mol)
Trong m gam hn hp X c 0,3m gam Fe v 0,7m gam Cu
Ta thy m
kim loi p
= m 0,75m = 0,25m gam <
Fe
m
b
= 0,3m gam
Nn Fe cn d Dung dch Y ch c mui Fe(NO
3
)
2

Cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh:

0
Fe
2
Fe
+
+ 2e
5
N
+
+ 3e
2
N
+

350


0, 25m
56

0, 25m
56

5
N
+
+ 1e
4
N
+

p dng s bo ton nguyn t i vi N:

3
N/ HNO
n =
3 2
N/ Fe(NO )
n +
N/ NO
n +
2
N/ NO
n
Hay
3
N/ HNO
n = 2
3 2
Fe(NO )
n +
hh Z
n
0,7 = 2
0, 25m
56
+ 0,25 m = 50,4 gam.
Bi 46: p n C
Trong 0,15 tn nguyn liu c:
CuS
m =
3
0,15.10 80
100

= 120 (kg)

CuS
n =
120
96
= 1,25 (kmol)
S iu ch: CuS CuO CuSO
4

1,25 1,25
V hiu sut ca qu trnh l 80% nn:
4
CuSO
n =
1, 25 80
100

= 1 (kmol)

4
CuSO
m = 1601 = 160 (kg)
Vy
4
dd CuSO
m =
160 100
5

= 3200 (kg) = 3,2 tn.

Bi 47: p n D
Quy i hn hp X thnh Cu (x mol) v CuS (y mol)
Ta c
NO
n =
20,16
22,4
= 0,9 (mol)
Cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh:

0
Cu
2
Cu
+
+ 2e
5
N
+
+ 3e
2
N
+

x 2x 2,7 0,9
CuS
2
Cu
+
+
6
S
+
+ 8e
y 8y
Do
2x 8y 2, 7
64x + 96y = 30,4
+ =

x 0, 05
y 0, 35
=

Dung dch Y cha CuSO
4
v HNO
3
d Kt ta gm Cu(OH)
2
v BaSO
4

Theo bo ton nguyn t Cu v S:
2
Cu(OH)
n =
Cu
n = x + y = 0,3 mol

4
BaSO
n =
S
n = y = 0,35 mol
Vy m = 980,3 + 2330,35 = 110,95 (gam).
351

Bi 48: p n D
Au + HNO
3
+ 3HCl AuCl
3
+ NO| + 2H
2
O
0,02 0,06 0,02
Vy s mol HCl phn ng v s mol NO to thnh ln lt l: 0,06 v 0,02.
Bi 52: p n A
CuO + H
2

o
t
Cu + H
2
O (1)
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4H
2

o
t
3Fe + 4H
2
O (2)
CuO + CO
o
t
Cu + CO
2
(3)
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4CO
o
t
3Fe + 4CO
2
(4)
Khi lng O trong oxit phn ng vi CO v H
2
=
hh
m
rn gim
= 0,32 gam

O
n =
0, 32
16
= 0,02 (mol) ; Theo (1, 2, 3, 4):
hh
n
kh p
=
O
n = 0,02 mol
Vy V = 0,0222,4 = 0,448 (lt).
Bi 54: p n A
Cht rn X gm CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, ZnO, Au v Ag. Cho X + dung dch HCl:
CuO + 2HCl CuCl
2
+ H
2
O (1)
ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
O (2)
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (3)
Ta c
O
m
trong X
= 23,2 16,8 = 6,4 (gam)
O
n
trong X
=
6, 4
16
= 0,4 (mol)
Theo (1, 2, 3):
HCl
n = 2
O
n
trong X
= 20,4 = 0,8 (mol)
Vy
dd HCl
V =
0, 8
2
= 0,4 (lt) = 400 ml.
Bi 55: p n B
Al
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O (1)
a 6a 2a
CuO + 2HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O (2)
b 2b b
Ag
2
O + 2HNO
3
2AgNO
3
+ H
2
O (3)
c 2c 2c
Theo (1, 2, 3):
3
HNO
n
p
= 6a + 2b + 2c mol HNO
3
phn ng va
thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X th bt Cu va kh ht AgNO
3
:
Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag+ (4)
352

c 2c
Vy cn thm c mol bt Cu vo Y.
Bi 58: p n B
2CrCl
3
+ 3Cl
2
+ 16KOH 2K
2
CrO
4
+ 12KCl + 8H
2
O
0,01 0,015 0,08
Bi 59: p n A
Cr
2
O
3
+ 2Al


o
t
2Cr + Al
2
O
3
(1)
0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1
Ta c m = 23,3 15,2 = 8,1 (gam)
Al
n =
8,1
27
= 0,3 (mol)

2 3
Cr O
n =
15,2
152
= 0,1 (mol)
Al
n d = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
Do hn hp cht rn X gm Al
2
O
3
, Cr v Al d
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2 |
(2)
0,1 0,15
Cr + 2HCl CrCl
2
+ H
2 |
(3)
0,2 0,2
Al
2
O
3
+ 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (4)
Theo (2, 3):
2
H
n
|
= 0,15 + 0,2 = 0,35 (mol) ; Vy V = 0,3522,4 = 7,84 (lt).


353









1C 2A 3B 4D 5D 6B 7C 8D 9A 10C
11D 12B 13C 14D 15B 16D 17B 18A 19A 20B
21C 22D 23C 24C 25A 26C 27A 28A 29A 30B
31D 32B 33B 34C 35B 36C 37D 38A 39D 40D
41D 42C 43B 44B 45B 46B 47D 48D 49A 50A
51C 52D 53B 54B 55A 56D 57B 58C 59A 60B
61A 62D 63A 64A 65C 66B 67B 68C 69C 70A
71A 72C 73B 74B 75B 76D 77A 78D 79A 80C
81D 82A 83C 84C 85D 86A 87A 88C 89A 90A
91A 92B 93C 94A 95B 96B 97A 98A 99C 100A

Bi 28: p n A
Ta c
Fe
n =
5,6
56
= 0,1 (mol) ;
S
n =
2,4
32
= 0,075 (mol)
Ta nhn thy hn hp kh X gm H
2
v H
2
S ; phn khng tan G l S
Quy i hn hp X thnh H
2
v S, nh vy t chy X v G coi nh t chy H
2
v S:
2H
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O (1)
0,1 0,05
S + O
2
SO
2
(2)
0,075 0,075
Vy V = 22,4(0,05 + 0,075) = 2,8 (lt).
Bi 33: p n B
Gi x l nng N
2
phn ng
N
2
+ 3H
2

2NH
3

Ban u : 0,3 0,7
Phn ng : x 3x 2x
Cn bng : 0,3 x 0,7 3x 2x
trng thi cn bng: 0,7 3x =
0, 3 x 0, 7 3x 2x
2
+ +
x = 0,1
Chuyn 8
TNG HP NI DUNG KIN THC
HO HC V C

354

Vy hng s cn bng t
o
C:
C
K =
2
3
3
2 2
[NH ]
[N ] [H ]
=
2
3
0, 2
0, 2 0, 4
= 3,125.
Bi 35: p n B
Ta c
Cu
n =
3,84
64
= 0,06 (mol)

3
HNO
n = 0,081 = 0,08 (mol) ;
2 4
H SO
n = 0,080,5 = 0,04 (mol)
Th nghim 1:
H
n
+
=
3
HNO
n = 0,08 mol
3Cu + 8 H
+
+ 2
3
NO

3
2
Cu
+
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O (1)
Ban u : 0,06 0,08 0,08
Phn ng : 0,03 0,08 0,02 0,02
Sau phn ng: 0,03 0 0,06
Th nghim 2:
H
n
+
=
3
HNO
n + 2
2 4
H SO
n = 0,16 mol
3Cu + 8 H
+
+ 2
3
NO

3
2
Cu
+
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O (2)
Ban u : 0,06 0,16 0,08
Phn ng : 0,06 0,16 0,04 0,04
Sau phn ng: 0 0 0,04
Do
NO
n
(2)
= 2
NO
n
(1)
V
2
= 2V
1
.
Bi 36: p n C

Al
n =
12, 42
27
= 0,46 (mol) ;
hh Y
n =
1, 344
22, 4
= 0,06 (mol) ;

Y M = 182 = 36 (g/mol)

2
N O
n : 44 8
36
2
N O
n :
2
N
n = 8 : 8 = 1 : 1

2
N
n : 28 8
2
N O
n =
2
N
n = 0,06 : 2 = 0,03 (mol)
Cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh:

0
Al
3
Al
+
+ 3e 2
5
N
+
+ 8e
1
2 N
+
(1)
0,46 0,46 1,38 0,24 0,03
2
5
N
+
+ 10e
0
2 N (2)
0,3 0,03

5
N
+
+ 8e
3
N

(3)
0,84 0,105
T (1,2): s mol e nhn = 0,24 + 0,3 = 0,54 < s mol e nhng = 1,38 mol
355

Do sn phm kh cn c
3
N

(NH
4
NO
3
), khi xy ra thm (3)
S mol e nhn (3) = 1,38 0,27 = 0,84 mol
Cht rn khan thu c gm
3 3
4 3
Al(NO ) : 0, 46 mol
NH NO : 0,105 mol

Vy m = 2130,46 + 800,105 = 106,38 (gam).
Bi 40: p n D
Phn 1: Ba + 2H
2
O Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2 |
(1)
x x x
2Al + Ba(OH)
2
+ 2H
2
O Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 3H
2 |
(2)
x 3x
Phn 2: Ba + 2H
2
O Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2 |
(3)
x x x
2Al + Ba(OH)
2
+ 2H
2
O Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 3H
2 |
(4)

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H
2
O 2NaAlO
2
+ 3H
2 |
(5)
Phn 3: Ba + 2HCl BaCl
2
+ H
2 |
(6)
x x
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2 |
(7)
y 1,5y
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2 |
(8)
z z

2
H
n
(phn 1)
= 0,04 mol <
2
H
n
(phn 2)
= 0,07 mol ;
2
H
n
(phn 3)
= 0,1 mol
phn 2 dung dch NaOH d nn Al phn ng ht phn 1, Al cn d
Trong mi phn, ta t
Ba
n = x mol,
Al
n = y mol v
Fe
n = z mol
Theo (1, 2): x + 3x = 0,04 x = 0,01 mol
Theo (3, 4, 5): x + 1,5y = 0,07 y = 0,04 mol
Theo (6, 7, 8): x + 1,5y + z = 0,1 z = 0,03 mol
Vy m = 3.(1370,01 + 270,04 + 560,03) = 12,39 (gam).
Bi 44: p n B
CuCl
2

Cu+ + Cl
2 |
(1)
0,05 0,05
2NaCl + 2H
2
O

2NaOH + H
2 |
+ Cl
2 |
(2)
0,1 0,1 0,05
pdd
pdd mn
356

Ta c
2
CuCl
n = 0,50,1 = 0,05 mol

NaCl
n = 0,50,5 = 0,25 mol
Da vo cng thc ca nh lut Faraday:
A It
m .
n F
=
Thi gian p ht 0,05 mol CuCl
2
l:
1
t =
0, 05 2 96500
5

= 1930 s
Do thi gian in phn NaCl l:
2
t = 3860 1930 = 1930 s

2
H
m
|

( catot)
=
2 5 1930
.
2 96500

= 0,1 gam
2
H
n
|
=
0,1
2
= 0,05 mol
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H
2
O 2NaAlO
2
+ 3H
2 |
(3)
0,1 0,1

Vy m = 270,1 = 2,7 gam.

Bi 48: p n D
2FeS
2
+ 14H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 15SO
2 |
+ 14H
2
O (1)
0,002 0,015
2FeS + 10H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 9SO
2 |
+ 10H
2
O (2)
0,003 0,0135
5SO
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 2H
2
O 2MnSO
4
+ 2H
2
SO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
(3)
0,0285 0,0114
Theo (1, 2):
2
SO
n = 0,015 + 0,0135 = 0,0285 mol

H
n
+
= 2
2 4
H SO
n = 20,0114 = 0,0228 mol
Dung dch Z c pH = 2 [ H
+
] = 0,01M ; Vy V

=
0,0228
0,01
= 2,28 lt.
Bi 50: p n A
Ta c
Fe
n =
1,12
56
= 0,02 mol ;
Cu
n =
1,92
64
= 0,03 mol

2 4
H SO
n = 0,40,5 = 0,2 mol ;
3
NaNO
n = 0,40,2 = 0,08 mol

H
n
+
= 0,4 mol ;
3
NO
n

= 0,08 mol
Cc phng trnh ho hc dng ion:
Fe + 4 H
+
+
3
NO

3
Fe
+
+ NO| + 2H
2
O (1)
0,02 0,08 0,02 0,02
357

3Cu + 8 H
+
+ 2
3
NO

3
2
Cu
+
+ 2NO| + 4H
2
O (2)
0,03 0,08 0,02 0,03
Sau phn ng (1, 2):
H
n
+

d
= 0,4 (0,08 + 0,08) = 0,24 mol
H
+
+ OH

H
2
O (3)
0,24 0,24

2
Cu
+
+ 2OH

Cu(OH)
2 +
(4)
0,03 0,06

3
Fe
+
+ 3OH

Fe(OH)
3 +
(5)
0,02 0,06

NaOH
n =
OH
n

= 0,24 + 0,06 + 0,06 = 0,36 mol
Vy
dd NaOH
V =
0,36
1
= 0,36 lt = 360 ml.

358








1C 2B 3D 4B 5C 6C 7D 8D 9D 10D
11C 12C 13C 14D 15A 16C 17A 18D 19D 20B
21C 22B 23C 24A 25B 26C 27D 28D 29D 30B
31C 32B 33C 34A 35D 36A 37C 38D 39A 40D
41C 42D 43A 44B 45B 46A 47D 48C 49B 50A
51C 52A 53D 54D 55B 56C 57A 58B 59A 60D
61B 62B 63B 64A 65C 66D 67B 68C 69C 70C


Bi 7: p n D
t cng thc tng qut ca X l:
x y z
C H O
Ta c 12x : y : 16z = 21 : 2 : 4
x : y : z =
21 2 4
: :
12 1 16
= 7 : 8 : 1
Cng thc n gin nht ca X l: C
7
H
8
O
Do cng thc phn t ca X l: C
7
H
8
O




Bi 8: p n D
Gi
2
CO
n = a mol ;
2
H O
n = b mol
Ta c
2 2
CO H O
V : V = 4 : 3
2 2
CO H O
n : n = 4 : 3 3a 4b = 0 (1)
p dng nh lut BTKL, ta c:
Chuyn 9
I CNG V HO HC HU C.
HIROCACBON

CH
2
OH
OH
CH
3
OH
CH
3
OH
CH
3
OCH
3
359


2
CO
m +
2
H O
m = 1,88 + 32
1,904
22, 4
= 4,6 (gam)
44a + 18b = 4,6 (2)
Gii h hai phng trnh (1, 2), ta c: a = 0,08 ; b = 0,06
Khi lng C, H, O c trong 1,88 gam D:

C
m = 12
C
n = 12
2
CO
n = 120,08 = 0,96 (gam)

H
m = 1
H
n = 2
2
H O
n = 20,06 = 0,12 (gam)

O
m = 1,88 0,96 0,12 = 0,8 (gam)
t cng thc tng qut ca D l:
x y z
C H O
Lp t l: x : y : z =
0, 96 0,12 0,8
: :
12 1 16

= 8 : 12 : 5
Cng thc nguyn ca D l: (C
8
H
12
O
5
)
n
Mt khc
D
M = 188n < 200 n < 1,06 n = 1
Vy cng thc phn t ca D l: C
8
H
12
O
5
.
Bi 9: p n D

n 2n 2
C H O +
3n 2
2
| |
|
\ .
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O
1
3n 2
2

n n
Khi nhit v th tch nh nhau th t l s mol bng t l p sut
Do
3n 2
1 2
2
3n 2
n n
2
| |
+
|
\ .
| |
+ +
|
\ .
=
0,8
0,95
n = 3
Vy X c cng thc phn t l: C
3
H
6
O
2
.

Bi 17: p n A
Ta c
2
CO
n =
7, 84
22, 4
= 0,35 (mol) ;
2
H O
n =
9, 9
18
= 0,55 (mol)
p dng s bo ton i vi nguyn t O:
360


2
O/ O
n =
2
O/ CO
n +
2
O/ H O
n = 2
2
CO
n +
2
H O
n = 1,25 (mol)

2
O
n =
1
2

2
O/ O
n =
1, 25
2
= 0,625 (mol)
Vy
kk
V = 0,62522,45 = 70 (lt).

Bi 18: p n D
S phn ng: C
4
H
10

crackinh
hh A
o
2
O , t +
CO
2
+ H
2
O
Ta c
4 10
C H
n =
2,9
58
= 0,05 (mol)
tng khi lng ca bnh ng H
2
SO
4
c = khi lng H
2
O b hp th
p dng s bo ton i vi nguyn t H:

2
H/ H O
n =
H/ but an
n = 10
4 10
C H
n = 100,05 = 0,5 (mol)

2
H O
n =
H
n
2
=
0, 5
2
= 0,25 (mol) ; Vy
2
H O
m = 180,25 = 4,5 (gam).
Bi 19: p n D
t cng thc ca ankan X l:
n 2n 2
C H
+

Khi thc hin phn ng crackinh ankan X:
1 mol X 3 mol hn hp Y
T khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 3 ln t khi ca Y so vi H
2


2
X/ H
d = 312 = 36
X
M = 362 = 72 (g/mol)
14n + 2 = 72 n = 5 ; Vy cng thc phn t ca X l: C
5
H
12
.

Bi 42: p n D
A (C
7
H
8
) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
A cha lin kt ba u mch c cng
thc:
a
R(C CH)

a
R(C CH)
3 3
+ dd AgNO / NH

a
R(C CAg) +

A
M = R + 25a
B
M = R + 132a
Ta c
B
M
A
M = 214 R + 132a R + 25a = 214 a = 2
Vy A (C
7
H
8
) c cc CTCT l:
361

CH C-CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
-CCH (1) CH C-CH(CH
3
)CH
2
-C CH (2)
CH C-C(CH
3
)
2
-C CH (3) CH C-CH(CH
2
CH
3
)-C CH (4).
Bi 43: p n A
t cng thc ca hirocacbon Y l:
x y
C H

x y
C H
2
O +
x CO
2
+
y
2
H
2
O (1)
0,06 0,08
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2

(d)
CaCO
3 +
+ H
2
O (2)
0,06 0,06
Ta c
3
CaCO
n
+
=
6
100
= 0,06 (mol)

2 2
CO H O
m m + =
3
CaCO
n
+

dd
m
gim
= 6 1,92 = 4,08 (gam)

2
H O
n =
4, 08 44 0, 06
18

= 0,08 (mol)
Theo (1):
x
y
2
=
0, 06
0, 08

x
y
=
3
8
; Vy CTPT ca Y l C
3
H
8
.
Bi 44: p n B
Ta c
2
Br
n = 0,3 1 = 0,3 (mol)
X
n :
2
Br
n = 0,1 : 0,3 = 1 : 3
Hirocacbon X mch h c 3 lin kt t
t cng thc ca dn xut l:
x y 6
C H Br
Lp t l
480
12x y +
=
90,22
9,78
12x + y = 52
Ch c cp nghim x = 4, y = 4 l thch hp
Do cng thc phn t ca X l C
4
H
4

Mt khc, X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
to kt ta X c lin kt ba u
mch. Vy cng thc cu to ca X l: CH
2
=CH-CCH.


Bi 49: p n B
S chuyn ho:
2n CH
4
nC
2
H
2
nC
2
H
3
Cl (CH
2
-CHCl)
n

362

32n kg 62,5n kg
x kg 250 kg
x =
32n 250
62,5n

= 128 (kg)
V hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50% nn:
4
CH
m =
128 100
50

= 256 (kg)

4
CH
n =
256
16
= 16 (kmol) ; Vy V = 22,416
100
80
= 448 (m
3
)
Bi 50: p n A
CH
2
=CH-C CH + 3H
2
o
Ni, t
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
(1)
Ban u : 0,1 0,3
Phn ng : x 3x x
Sau phn ng : 0,1 x 0,3 3x x
Gi x l s mol ca vinylaxetilen phn ng

Y
n = x + (0,1 x) + (0,3 3x) = 0,4 3x mol

Y M =
58x 52(0,1 x) 2(0, 3 3x)
0, 4 3x
+ +

= 129 = 29 (g/mol) x =
1
15

s mol vinylaxetilen cn d = 0,1
1
15
=
1
30
(mol)
CH
2
=CH-C CH + 3Br
2
CH
2
Br-CHBr-CBr
2
-CHBr
2
(2)

1
30
0,1
Vy m = 1600,1 = 16,0 (gam).
Bi 55: p n B
t cng thc trung bnh ca hn hp Y l:
x y
C H

x y
C H
2
O +
x CO
2
+
y
2
H
2
O (1)
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
(d) CaCO
3 +
+ H
2
O (2)
0,295 0,295
363

Ta c
3
CaCO
n
+
=
29,5
100
= 0,295 (mol)
C
n =
2
CO
n = 0,295 mol
p dng nh lut BTKL:

2 2
CO H O
m m + =
3
CaCO
n
+

dd
m
gim
= 29,5 10,76 = 18,74 (gam)

2
H O
n =
18,74 44 0, 295
18

= 0,32 (mol)

H
n = 2
2
H O
n = 0,64 (mol); Vy m = 120,295 + 10,64 = 4,18 (gam).
Bi 58: p n B
Ta c
Y
m =
X
m = 260,06 + 20,04 = 1,64 (gam)

Z
n =
0,448
22,4
= 0,02 (mol) ;
Z
M = 0,532 = 16 (g/mol)

Z
m = 160,02 = 0,32(gam)
Vy m
bnh dd brom tng
=
Y
m
Z
m = 1,64 0,32 = 1,32 (gam).
Bi 61: p n B
Ta c
X
n =
4,48
22,4
= 0,2 (mol) ;
2
Br
n = 1,40,5 = 0,7 (mol)

2
Br
n
p
=
0,7
2
= 0,35 (mol)
Nhn xt : 1 <
2
Br
n
p
:
X
n = 0,35 : 0,2 = 1,75 < 2
Do hn hp X c 1 anken v 1 ankin (hoc ankaien)
t cng thc ca hai hirocacbon l:
n 2n
C H (x mol) v
n 2n 2
C H

(y mol)

n 2n
C H + Br
2

n 2n 2
C H Br (1)
x x

m 2m 2
C H

+ 2Br
2

m 2m 2 4
C H Br

(2)
y 2y
Ta c
x y 0, 2
x 2y 0, 35
+ =

+ =

x 0, 05
y 0,15
=

Mt khc: 14n0,05 + (14n 2) 0,15 = 6,7 7n + 21m = 70
364

V n, m > 2 v nguyn nn cp nghim thch hp l: m = 2, n = 4
Vy cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l: C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
.
Bi 62: p n B
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
c trong 8,6 gam X
8,6 gam X phn ng vi dung dch brom:
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2
(1)
y y
C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
4
(2)
z 2z
Ta c 16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6 (I)

2
Br
n
p
=
48
160
= 0,3 (mol) ; Theo (1, 2): y + 2z = 0,3 (II)
13,44 lt X phn ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
/ NH
3
:
HCCH + 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
AgCCAg+ + 2NH
4
NO
3
(3)
kz kz

X
n =
13,44
22,4
= 0,6 mol ;
AgC CAg
n
+
=
36
240
= 0,15 (mol)
Theo (3):
kz
kx+ky+kz
=
0,15
0, 6
x + y 3z = 0 (III)
Gii h 3 phng trnh (I, II, III), ta c: x = 0,2 ; y = z = 0,1
Vy %
4
CH
V = %
4
CH
n =
0, 2
100%
0, 4
= 50%.








365








1D 2D 3C 4B 5D 6B 7A 8D 9B 10B
11C 12D 13C 14B 15B 16C 17A 18A 19B 20C
21A 22D 23A 24B 25C 26D 27C 28C 29D 30B
31C 32D 33B 34C 35C 36C 37A 38C 39B 40C
41A 42B 43D 44D 45D 46C 47B 48B 49C 50B
51B 52C 53B 54B 55C 56A 57D 58C 59B 60B
61D 62D 63C 64B 65A 66C 67A 68A 69D 70D
71B 72A 73D 74D 75C 76A 77B 78C 79B 80B

Bi 6: p n B
C
2
H
5
Br + KOH
o
ancol, t
C
2
H
4
+ KBr + H
2
O (1)
0,05 0,05
CH
2
=CH
2
+ Br
2
BrCH
2
-CH
2
Br (2)
0,05 0,05
Ta c
2
Br
n =
8
160
= 0,05 (mol) ; Vy
2 5
C H Br
m = 0,05109 = 5,45 (gam).
Bi 7: p n A
Phenyl clorua khng phn ng (ch phn ng vi NaOH c t
o
, P cao)
C
3
H
7
Cl + NaOH C
3
H
7
OH + NaCl (1)
0,02 0,02
NaCl + AgNO
3
AgCl + + NaNO
3
(2)
0,02 0,02

AgCl
n =
2,87
143, 5
= 0,02 (mol)
6 5
C H Cl
m = 2,92 0,02.78,5 = 1,35 (gam)
Chuyn 10
DN XUT HALOGEN.
ANCOL-PHENOL
366

Vy
6 5
C H Cl
% m =
1, 35
100
2, 92
% 46,23%.
Bi 54: p n B
t CTTQ ancol no, n chc l:
n 2n 1
C H OH
+
hay
n 2n 2
C H O
+


n 2n 2
C H O
+
2
O
n CO
2
+ (n + 1) H
2
O
0,25 0,3
Ta c
2
CO
n =
5, 6
22, 4
= 0,25 (mol) ;
2
H O
n =
5, 4
18
= 0,3 (mol)

n
n 1 +
=
0, 25
0, 3
n = 5 ; Cng thc phn t ca X l C
5
H
11
OH
Cc ng phn ca X tch nc ch cho mt anken duy nht l:
(1) CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH (2) CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH
(3) CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
-OH (4) CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
2
-CH
3
.
Bi 56: p n A
t CT ancol no, n chc X l C
n
H
2n+2
O

n 2n 2
C H O
+
+ CuO
o
t

n 2n
C H O + Cu + H
2
O
0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02
Khi lng cht rn gim =
O/ CuO
m
p
= 0,32 gam

CuO
n =
O/ CuO
n
p
=
0, 32
16
= 0,02 (mol)
Hn hp hi thu c gm
n 2n
C H O (0,02 mol) v H
2
O (0,02 mol)
M =
(14n 16) 18
2
+ +
= 15,52 (g/mol) n = 2; Vy m = 0,0246 = 0,92 (gam)
Bi 57: p n D
Ta c
2
CO
n :
2
H O
n = 3 : 4
2
H O
n >
2
CO
n
X l ancol no c cng thc:
n 2n 2 a
C H O
+


n 2n 2 a
C H O
+
+
3n 1 a
2
+ | |
|
\ .
O
2

o
t
n CO
2
+ (n +1) H
2
O
367


n
n 1 +
=
3
4
n = 3
Mt khc
3n 1 a
2
+
= 1,5n
10 a
2

= 1,53 a = 1
Vy cng thc phn t ca X l C
3
H
8
O.
Bi 58: p n C
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH
2 4
H SO

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
0,2 0,2 0,2

3
CH COOH
n =
12
60
= 0,2 (mol) ;
2 5
C H OH
n =
13,8
46
= 0,3 (mol)

3
CH COOH
n <
2 5
C H OH
n C
2
H
5
OH d
Nn lng este to thnh tnh theo axit:
3 2 5
CH COOC H
m = 880,2 = 17,6 (gam)
Vy hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l:
11
100%
17, 6
= 62,5%.
Bi 62: p n D
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
2
H O
men
+

nC
6
H
12
O
6

men
2nC
2
H
5
OH + 2nCO
2


20
n
40
Th tch C
2
H
5
OH c trong 5 lt ancol etylic 46
o
:
5 46
100

= 2,3 (lt) = 2300 ml

2 5
C H OH
m = 23000,8 = 1840 (gam) hay
2 5
C H OH
n =
1840
46
= 40 (mol)
V hiu sut c qu trnh l 72% nn:
m = 162n
20
n

100
72
= 4500 (g) = 4,5 kg.
Bi 65: p n A
t cng thc ancol no A:
n 2n 2 a a
C H (OH)
+
hay
n 2n 2 a
C H O
+
(1 s a s n)

n 2n 2 a
C H O
+
+
3n 1 a
2
+ | |
|
\ .
O
2
n CO
2
+ (n +1) H
2
O

368

0,1
3n 1 a
2
+ | |
|
\ .
0,1

3n 1 a
2
+ | |
|
\ .
0,1 = 0,25 n =
4 a
3
+

a 1 2 3 4
n
5
3

2
7
3

8
3

Vy cng thc phn t ca ancol A l: C
2
H
6
O
2
.
Bi 68: p n A
C
2
H
5
OH hhX (CH
3
CHO, CH
3
COOH, H
2
O v C
2
H
5
OH d)
CH
3
COOH + NaHCO
3
CH
3
COONa + CO
2 |
+ H
2
O
0,025 0,025

2
CO
n =
0, 56
22, 4
= 0,025 (mol)
2 5
C H OH
n =
3
CH COOH
n = 0,025 mol
Khi lng etanol b oxi ho thnh axit l: 0,02546 = 1,15 (gam).
Bi 69: p n D
t cng thc chung ca 2 ancol no, n chc:
n 2n 1
C H OH
+
(x mol)

n 2n 1
C H OH
+
+
3n
2
O
2
n CO
2
+ ( n + 1) H
2
O
x n x ( n + 1)x
x =
2 2
H O CO
n n =
a V
18 22, 4
(mol)
Do m = (14n + 18) x = 14.
V
22, 4
+ 18.(
a V
18 22, 4
) =
V
a
5, 6
(gam).
Bi 72: p n A
t hai ancol n chc c cng thc chung: ROH
2 ROH
2 4
o
H SO
140 C
R O R + H
2
O
0,1 0,1

369


2
H O
n =
1,8
18
= 0,1 (mol) ;
hh
M
ete
= 2R + 16 =
6
0,1
= 60 (g/mol) R = 22
15 (CH
3
) < R = 22 < 29 (C
2
H
5
)
Vy cng thc phn t ca hai ancol l: CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH.
Bi 74: p n D
t hai ancol n chc c cng thc chung: ROH
2ROH
2 4
o
H SO
140 C
R O R + H
2
O (1)
Ta thy
2
H O
n =
7, 2
18
= 0,4 (mol) =
2
CO
n =
8, 96
22, 4
= 0,4 (mol)
Ete n chc em t chy c 1 lin kt i v c cng thc:
n 2n
C H O

n 2n
C H O +
3n 1
2
| |
|
\ .
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O (2)

0, 4
n
0,4 0,4
(14n + 16)
0, 4
n
= 7,2 n = 4
Cng thc phn t ca mt ete l: CH
3
OCH
2
CH=CH
2
Vy hai ancol n chc l: CH
3
OH v CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH.

Bi 77: p n B
V ancol no X tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam nn X l ancol no a
chc, ng thi c 2 nhm -OH nh vo 2 nguyn t C cnh nhau.
t cng thc ancol no a chc X:
n 2n 2 a
C H O
+
(2 s a s n)

n 2n 2 a
C H O
+
+
3n 1 a
2
+ | |
|
\ .
O
2
n CO
2
+ (n +1) H
2
O
0,2
3n 1 a
2
+ | |
|
\ .
0,2
Ta c
2
O
n =
3n 1 a
2
+ | |
|
\ .
0,2 =
17, 92
22, 4
= 0,8 mol n =
7 a
3
+

Cp nghim duy nht ph hp l: a = 2 ; n = 3
X c cng thc phn t l: CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
OH (propan-1,2-iol)

370

Mt khc: 2 mol X phn ng vi 1 mol Cu(OH)
2

0,1 mol - - - - - - - - - x mol - - -
x =
0,1 1
2

= 0,05 (mol) ; Vy m = 0,0598 = 4,9 (gam).

Bi 78: p n C
t chy 0,1 mol X (dn xut ca benzen) cho:
2
CO
n <
35, 2
44
= 0,8 (mol)
Cht X c 6 hoc 7 nguyn t C
1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH X ch c 1 nhm -OH nh trc tip vo vng
benzen (-OH phenol). Vy CTCT ca X l: HOC
6
H
4
CH
2
OH.

Bi 80: p n B
C
6
H
5
OH + 3HONO
2

xt
C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
3
OH + 3H
2
O
0,1 0,3 0,1
Ta c
6 5
C H OH
n =
9, 4
94
= 0,1 (mol)

3
HNO
n
dng
= 0,3 +
50
100
0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
Vy khi lng axit picric: 0,1229 = 22,9 (gam).














371











1C 2A 3C 4D 5B 6A 7B 8D 9A 10D
11A 12B 13B 14C 15B 16C 17A 18C 19A 20D
21C 22C 23A 24B 25B 26D 27A 28A 29A 30D
31A 32B 33A 34C 35D 36B 37A 38D 39B 40C
41C 42D 43D 44A 45C 46C 47C 48A 49C 50A
51B 52D 53D 54C 55C 56C 57D 58A 59C 60D
61B 62A 63C 64B 65A 66C 67B 68B 69A 70D

Bi 18: p n C
Ta c
Ag
n =
54
108
= 0,5 (mol)
T l n
anehit
:
Ag
n = 0,25 : 0,5 = 1 : 2 Anehit n chc
n
anehit
:
2
H
n = 0,125 : 0,25 = 1 : 2 Anehit c 1 lin kt i
Vy cng thc phn t ca anehit X l: C
n
H
2n-1
CHO (n > 2).
Bi 19: p n A
HCHO + H
2

o
Ni, t
CH
3
OH (1)
x x x
Kh Y gm 2 cht hu c: CH
3
OH (x mol) v HCHO d (y mol)
CH
3
OH +
3
2
O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O (2)
x x 2x
HCHO + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O (3)
Chuyn 11
ANEHIT - XETON
- AXIT CACBOXYLIC
372

y y y

2
CO
n =
7, 84
22, 4
= 0,35 (mol) ;
2
H O
n =
11, 7
18
= 0,65 (mol)
Theo (1, 2) ta c:
x y 0, 35
2x y 0, 65
+ =

+ =

x 0, 3
y 0, 05
=

HCHO/ hh X
n = 0,3 + 0,05 = 0,35 (mol)
Vy %
2
H
V = %
2
H
n =
0, 3
100
0, 35 0, 3

+
46,15%.
Bi 22: p n C
Ta c
Ag
n =
43, 2
108
= 0,4 (mol) ;
Na
n =
4, 6
23
= 0,2 (mol)

X
n :
Ag
n = 0,1 : 0,4 = 1 : 4
Anehit X c 2 nhm chc -CHO hoc HCHO
Anehit X
2
H +
Ancol Y
0,1 0,1

Y
n :
Na
n = 0,1 : 0,2 = 1 : 2
Do Y c cha 2 nhm chc -OH, nn anehit X phi c 2 nhm -CHO
Vy cng thc cu to ca X l: OHC-CHO.
Bi 27: p n A
t cng thc chung ca hai anehit X, Y no, n chc:
n 2n
C H O

n 2n
C H O + H
2

o
Ni, t

n 2n 1
C H OH
+
(1)
0,5 0,5

n 2n
C H O +
3n 1
2
| |

|
\ .
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O (2)
0,5 0,5n

2
H
m = m
ancol
m
anehit
= 1 gam
2
H
n =
1
2
= 0,5 (mol)
Theo (2):
2
CO
n = 0,5n =
30,8
44
= 0,7 (mol) n = 1,4
373

Do X l HCHO (x mol), Y l CH
3
CHO (y mol)
Ta c
x y 0, 5
x 2y 1, 4 0, 5
+ =

+ =

x 0, 3
y 0, 2
=

Vy %
HCHO
m =
30 0, 3
.100%
30 0, 3 44 0, 2

+
50,56%.
Bi 28: p n A
t cng thc chung ca hai anehit no, n chc:
n 2n
C H O

n 2n
C H O + H
2

o
Ni, t

n 2n 1
C H OH
+
(1)
0,5 0,5

2
H
m = m
ancol
m
anehit
= (m + 1) m = 1 gam
2
H
n = 0,5 mol

n 2n
C H O +
3n 1
2
| |

|
\ .
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O (2)
0,5
3n 1
2
| |

|
\ .
0,5
Theo (2):
2
O
n =
3n 1
2
| |

|
\ .
0,5 =
17, 92
22, 4
= 0,8 mol n = 1,4
Do cng thc chung ca hai anehit l:
1,4 2,8
C H O
Vy m = (121,4 + 2,8 + 16). 0,5 = 17,8 (gam).
Bi 29: p n A
t cng thc chung ca hai ancol no, n chc: R CH
2
OH
R CH
2
OH + CuO
o
t
R CHO + Cu+ + H
2
O


0,2 0,2
Hn hp hi Y gm hi R CHO v hi H
2
O vi s mol bng nhau

Y
M =
(R 29) 18
2
+ +
= 13,752 = 27,5 (g/mol) R = 8
(H) 1 < R = 8 < 15 (CH
3
)
Do hai anehit trong hn hp hi Y l: HCHO v CH
3
CHO
S phn ng trng bc:
374

HCHO
3 3
AgNO / NH
4Ag+
x 4x
CH
3
CHO
3 3
AgNO / NH
2Ag+
y 2y
Ta c
Ag
n =
64,8
108
= 0,6 (mol) 4x + 2y = 0,6 (I)
Mt khc R =
x 15y
x y
+
+
= 8 x = y (II)
T (I, II), ta c: x = y = 0,1 mol
RCHO
n = 0,2 mol
Bi 64: p n B
Hn hp X phn ng vi Br
2
:
CH
2
=CH-COOH + Br
2
CH
2
Br-CHBr-COOH (1)
x x
CH
2
=CH-CHO + 2Br
2
+ H
2
O CH
2
Br-CHBr-COOH + 2HBr (2)
z 2z
Hn hp X phn ng vi NaOH:
CH
2
=CH-COOH + NaOH CH
2
=CH-COONa + H
2
O (3)
x x
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa + H
2
O (4)
y y
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca C
2
H
3
COOH, CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
3
CHO c trong 0,04 mol hn
hp.

2
Br
n =
6, 4
160
= 0,04 (mol) ;
NaOH
n = 0,040,75 = 0,03 (mol)
Ta c h 3 phng trnh:
x y z 0, 04
x 2z 0, 04
x y 0, 03
+ + =

+ =

+ =

x 0, 02
y z 0, 01
=

= =

Vy khi lng ca CH
2
=CH-COOH trong X l: 720,02 = 1,44 (gam).

Bi 67: p n B
375

HCOOH + C
2
H
5
OH
o
xt, t

HCOOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O (1)
0,05 0,05 0,05
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH
o
xt, t

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O (2)
0,05 0,05 0,05
t
3
CH COOH
n =
3
CH COOH
n = x mol
Ta c 46x + 60x = 5,3 x = 0,05 mol

hh X
n = 0,052 = 0,1 (mol) ;
2 5
C H OH
n =
5, 75
46
= 0,125 (mol)

hh X
n :
2 5
C H OH
n = 0,1 : 0,125 = 1 : 1,25 C
2
H
5
OH d
Theo (1, 2):
hh este
m = (74 + 88).0,05 = 8,1 (gam)
V hiu sut ca cc p este ho u bng 80% nn: m =
8,1 80
100

= 6,48 (gam).
Bi 68: p n B
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH
o
xt, t

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
Ban u : 1 1
Cn bng : 1
2
3
1
2
3

2
3

2
3

CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH
o
xt, t

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
Ban u : 1 x
Cn bng : 1 0,9 x 0,9 0,9 0,9
Hng s cn bng:
C
K =
3 2 5 2
3 2 5
[CH COOC H ].[H O]
[CH COOH].[C H OH]

V cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit nn
C
K khng i:

C
K =
2 2
3 3
2 2
1 1
3 3

| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
=
0, 9 0, 9
(1 0, 9) (x 0, 9)

x = 2,925.
Bi 69: p n A
376

t cng thc ca hai axit cacboxylic no l:
n 2n 2 a a
C H (COOH)
+


n 2n 2 a a
C H (COOH)
+

2
O
( n a + ) CO
2
+ ( n + 1) H
2
O (1)
0,3 ( n a + ).0,3

n 2n 2 a a
C H (COOH)
+
+ a NaOH
n 2n 2 a a
C H (COONa)
+
+ a H
2
O (2)
0,3 0,3a
Theo (2):
NaOH
n = 0,3 a = 0,5 1 = 0,5 mol a =
5
3
1,67
Theo (1):
2
CO
n = ( n a + ).0,3 =
11, 2
22, 4
= 0,5 mol n =
5
3
a = 0
Do n
1
= 0, a
1
= 1: CTPT ca axit l HCOOH
n
2
= 0, a
2
= 2: CTPT ca axit l HOOC-COOH.




















377










1D 2A 3D 4A 5B 6C 7D 8D 9C 10C
11B 12B 13A 14A 15D 16D 17C 18A 19C 20D
21D 22D 23A 24D 25D 26C 27A 28D 29B 30C
31D 32B 33C 34A 35D 36B 37B 38B 39B 40C
41D 42C 43B 44A 45A 46A 47C 48B 49D 50A
51A 52D 53B 54A 55A 56B 57C 58A 59D 60D
61D 62A 63B 64A 65A 66B 67D 68A 69C 70D

Bi 35: p n D
Hn hp hai cht hu c n chc tc dng vi KOH, thu c mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v
mt ancol Hn hp gm mt este v mt axit hoc mt este v mt ancol hoc mt axit v mt
ancol

KOH
n =
11, 2
56
= 0,2 (mol)
hh
n s
KOH
n = 0,2 mol

2
H
n =
3, 36
22, 4
= 0,15 (mol)
ancol
n = 2
2
H
n = 0,3 mol
Ta thy
ancol
n thu c >
X
n Hn hp X gm mt este v mt ancol.
Bi 36: p n B
RCOOH + R

OH
o
xt, t

RCOO R

+ H
2
O
Ban u : 1 1
Phn ng : x x x x
Cn bng : 1 x 1 x x x

C
K =
'
2
'
[RCOOR ].[H O]
[RCOOH].[R OH]
=
2
x
(1 x)(1 x)
= 2,25 1,25x
2
4,5x + 2,25 = 0
Chuyn 12
ESTE - LIPIT
378

Gii ra ta c: x
1
= 3 > 1 (loi) ; x
2
= 0,6
Vy % ancol b este ho l:
0, 6
100%
1
= 60%.
Bi 39: p n B
HCOOC
2
H
5
+ NaOH
o
t
HCOONa + C
2
H
5
OH (1)
CH
3
COOCH
3
+ NaOH
o
t
CH
3
COONa + CH
3
OH (2)
V HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
l 2 ng phn c CTPT l C
3
H
6
O
2
nn

hh este
n =
66, 6
74
= 0,9 (mol) ; Theo (1, 2):
X
n =
hh este
n = 0,9 mol
t cng thc chung ca hai ancol l: ROH
2ROH
2 4
o
H SO
140 C
R O R + H
2
O (3)
0,9 0,45
Vy m = 180,45 = 8,1 (gam).
Bi 41: p n D
t cng thc este n chc X l: RCOOR

RCOOR

+ KOH
o
t
RCOOK + R

OH
0,2 0,2 0,2

'
RCOOR
M = 6,2516 = 100 (g/mol)
este X
n =
20
100
= 0,2 (mol)

KOH
n = 0,31 = 0,3 (mol) >
este X
n KOH d = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
Cht rn khan gm RCOOK v KOH d
Do (R + 83).0,2 + 56.0,1 = 28 (gam) R = 29 (C
2
H
5
)
Mt khc
'
RCOOR
M = 29 + 44 + R

= 100 R

= 27 (C
2
H
3
)
Vy cng thc cu to ca X l: CH
3
-CH
2
-COO-CH=CH
2
.
Bi 43: p n B
t cng thc este n chc A l: RCOOR

RCOOR

+ NaOH
o
t
RCOONa + R

OH (1)
0,04

379

un nng ancol B trn vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
o
C thu c olefin B l ancol no n chc:
n 2n 1
C H OH
+


n 2n 1
C H OH
+

2 4
o
H SO
170 C

n 2n
C H + H
2
O (2)
0,03 0,03

olefin
n =
0, 672
22, 4
= 0,03 (mol)
V hiu sut phn ng (2) l 75% nn:
B
n =
0, 03 100
75

= 0,04 (mol)

B
M = 14n + 18 =
1,84
0, 04
= 46 n = 2 ; Vy cng thc ancol B l: C
2
H
5
OH.
Bi 45: p n A
CH
3
COOH + HOCH
2
CH
2
OH
o
xt, t

CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
OH + H
2
O
2x 2x 2x
2CH
3
COOH + HOCH
2
CH
2
OH
o
xt, t

CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
OOCCH
3
+ 2H
2
O
2x x x
Ta c
A
n

:
B
n = 2 : 1
B
n = x mol,
A
n = 2x mol
Theo bi:
axit
n :
ancol
n = 1 : 2
T cc phn ng:
axit
n :
ancol
n = 4x : 3x = 4 : 3
Do HOCH
2
CH
2
OH d (nu hiu sut t 100%)

3
CH COOH
n
p
= 4x =
1 60
100

= 0,6 (mol) x = 0,15 mol

Vy
B
m = 1460,15 = 21,9 (gam).
Bi 49: p n D
Theo bi, A l mt este to bi ancol n chc v axit cacboxylic n chc hoc a chc, c
cng thc:
'
a
R(COOR ) (a > 1)

'
a
R(COOR ) + a NaOH
o
t

a
R(COONa) + a
'
R OH
0,1 0,1 0,1a

380

Ta c
'
R OH
n = 0,1a =
4, 48
22, 4
= 0,2 (mol) a = 2
Mt khc
'
R OH
M = R

+ 17 =
9, 2
0, 2
= 46 (g/mol) R

= 29 (C
2
H
5
)
v
2
R(COONa)
M = R + 134 =
13, 4
0,1
= 134 (g/mol) R = 0
Vy cng thc cu to ca A l: C
2
H
5
OOC-COOC
2
H
5
.
Bi 50: p n A
V x phng ho A bng dung dch NaOH ch thu c mt sn phm duy nht B nn A l mt
este vng c cng thc:
n 2n
C H C O =
O

n 2n
C H C O = + NaOH
o
t

n 2n
HO C H COONa (1)

O

n 2n
HO C H COONa + NaOH
o
CaO, t

n 2n 1
C H OH
+
+ Na
2
CO
3
(2)

n 2n 1
C H OH
+

2
O +
n CO
2
+ (n + 1) H
2
O (3)

2 2
CO H O
n : n = 3 : 4 hay
n
n 1 +
=
3
4
n = 3
Vy cng thc cu to ca este A l: CH
2
CH
2
C = O.

CH
2
O


Bi 53: p n B
t cng thc chung ca hai este no, n chc l:
2
n 2n
C H O
Ta c
2
O
n = 0,1775 mol ;
2
CO
n = 0,145 mol

2
n 2n
C H O +
3n 2
2
| |

|
\ .
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O (1)
0,1775 0,145
Theo (1):
3n 2
2
0,1775

=
n
0,145
n = 3,625
381

Mt khc, X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp hai ancol k tip v mui ca mt
axit hu c Hai este c CTPT hn km nhau 1 nguyn t C.
Do CTPT ca hai este trong X l C
3
H
6
O
2
v C
4
H
8
O
2


,
RCOOR + NaOH
o
t
RCOONa +
'
R OH (2)
0,04 0,04
Theo (1):
2 2
n n
C H O
n =
0,145
n
=
0,145
3, 625
= 0,04 (mol)

RCOONa
M = R + 67 =
3, 28
0, 04
= 82 (g/mol) R = 15 (CH
3
)
Vy cng thc cu to ca hai este l: CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
.

Bi 55: p n A
Theo bi th hn hp X gm 1 axit no, n chc v 1 este no, n chc c gc axit ging
nhau.
t cng thc ca axit l:
n 2n 2
C H O hay RCOOH
v ca este l:
m 2m 2
C H O hay RCOOR

RCOOH + KOH RCOOK + H
2
O (1)
0,025 0,025
RCOOR + KOH RCOOK + ROH (2)
0,015 0,015 0,015
Ta c
KOH
n = 0,10,4 = 0,04 (mol) ;
ancol
n =
0, 336
22, 4
= 0,015 (mol)

n 2n 2
C H O
2
O +
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O (3)
0,025 0,025n 0,025n

m 2m 2
C H O
2
O +
m CO
2
+ m H
2
O (4)
0,015 0,015m 0,015m
Khi lng bnh tng:
2
CO
m +
2
CO
m = 6,82 (gam)
(0,025n + 0,015m) (44 + 18) = 6,82 (gam)
5n + 3m = 22
382

Ch c cp nghim n = 2, m = 4 l thch hp
Vy cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c l: CH
3
COOH v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Bi 67: p n D
t cng thc ca lipit l:
3 3 5
(RCOO) C H hay
3 3 5
x y
(C H COO) C H


3 3 5
(RCOO) C H + 3H
2
O 3RCOOH + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

0,5 0,5
Ta c
glixerol
n =
46
92
= 0,5 (mol)

lipit
M = 3(12 x + y) + 173 =
444
0, 5
= 888 x = 17, y = 34,3
Do x
1
= x
2
= 17 ; y
1
= 33, y
2
= 35 l ph hp
Vy CTPT ca hai axit bo l: C
17
H
33
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH.

Bi 69: p n C
Ghi nh : Ch s axit ca cht bo l s miligam KOH cn thit trung ho axit t do c trong
1 gam cht bo.
Ta c
KOH
n = 0,0150,1 = 0,0015 (mol)

KOH
m = 560,0015 = 0,084 (gam) = 84 mg
Vy ch s axit ca cht bo l:
84
14
= 6.











383








1A 2C 3C 4B 5D 6D 7B 8D 9D 10C
11B 12B 13D 14D 15D 16C 17D 18C 19D 20C
21D 22C 23B 24D 25B 26C 27C 28A 29D 30C
31B 32B 33A 34C 35A 36A 37D 38B 39C 40D
41D 42B 43D 44D 45D 46A 47A 48C 49B 50A

Bi 36: p n A
HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
CH=O + H
2

o
Ni, t
HOCH
2
[CHOH]
4
CH
2
OH
0,01 0,01
S mol sobitol =
1,82
182
= 0,01 (mol)
V hiu sut phn ng l 80% nn:
6 12 6
C H O
m = 180
0, 01.100
80
= 2,25 (gam).
Bi 37: p n D
C
6
H
12
O
6

enzim
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2
(1)
0,375 0,75
CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3
(2)
x x x
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O (3)
y 2y y

NaOH
n = 20,5 = 1 (mol) x + 2y = 1 (I)

dd
m
sau p
=
2
CO
m +
dd NaOH
m = 44(x + y) + 2100 gam
Do
(84x 106y) 100
44x 44y 2100
+
+ +
= 3,21 8258,76x + 10458,76y = 6741 (II)
Chuyn 13
CACBOHIRAT

384

Gii h hai pt (I, II), ta c: x 0,5 ; y 0,25

2
CO
n = 0,5 + 0,25 = 0,75 (mol)
V hiu sut phn ng ln men l 70% nn:

6 12 6
C H O
m = 180
0, 375.100
70
96,43 (gam).
Bi 39: p n C
S sn xut ancol etylic t tinh bt:
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
2
H O
men
+

n C
6
H
12
O
6

men
2n C
2
H
5
OH + 2n CO
2
(1)

3, 75
n
7,5
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2

(d)
CaCO
3 +
+ H
2
O (2)
7,5 7,5
Ta c
3
CaCO
n
+
=
750
100
= 7,5 (mol)
V hiu sut mi giai on l 80% nn: m = 162n.
3, 75
n
.
100
80
.
100
80
949,2 (gam).
Bi 44: p n D
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
+ 3n HONO
2

o
2 4
H SO , t
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(ONO
2
)
3
]
n
+ 3n H
2
O
189n gam 297n gam
x gam 59400 gam
x =
59400 189n
297n

= 37800 (gam)
V hiu sut phn ng 80% nn:
3
dd HNO
m =
37800.100 100
63 80
= 75000 (gam)
Vy
3
dd HNO
V =
75000
1, 4
53571 (ml) = 53,57 lt.
Bi 47: p n A
Ta c 1 u = 1,6605.
27
10

kg
Khi lng ca (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
=
6
27
48, 6.10
1, 6605.10

= 29,268.
21
10 u
385

Do 162n = 29,268.
21
10 u n 1,807.
20
10 .
Bi 50: p n A
6CO
2
+ 6H
2
O
as
clorophin
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2 |

Thi gian t 6 gi n 17 gi (i ra pht) = (17 6)60 = 660 (pht)
Tng nng lng m 1 m
2
l xanh nhn c dng tng hp glucoz:

10
660 10000 2, 09
100
= 1379400 (J) = 1379,4 kJ
Vy khi lng glucoz tng hp c l:
1 1379, 4
.180
2813

= 88,266 (gam).

























386










1A 2B 3C 4D 5C 6D 7C 8B 9A 10D
11A 12C 13D 14C 15D 16B 17B 18D 19C 20B
21B 22C 23D 24A 25C 26B 27C 28B 29C 30D
31D 32B 33A 34D 35C 36C 37C 38D 39B 40B
41D 42C 43C 44D 45D 46B 47D 48A 49B 50B
51C 52A 53B 54B 55C 56B 57D 58C 59C 60B
61D 62B 63D 64B 65C 66D 67A 68C 69B 70B

Bi 20: p n B
t cng thc amin n chc X l:
x y 2
C H NH

x y 2
C H NH

+ HCl
x y 3
C H NH Cl
0,1 0,1

HCl
m = 9,55 5,9 = 3,65 (gam)
HCl
n =
3,65
36,5
= 0,1 (mol)

x y 2
C H NH
M = 12x + y + 16 =
5, 9
0,1
= 59 (g/mol) 12x + y = 43
Cp nghim duy nht ph hp l: x = 3, y = 7
Do cng thc phn t ca X l: C
7
H
7
NH
2
hay C
3
H
9
N.
Vy s ng phn cu to ca C
4
H
11
N l 4 (2 amin bc mt, 1 amin bc hai v 1 amin bc ba).
Bi 26: p n B
S phn ng: C
6
H
6

3 2 4
HNO , H SO
60%
+
C
6
H
5
NO
2

o
Fe HCl, t
50%
+
C
6
H
5
NH
2

Ta c
6 6
C H
n =
156
78
= 2 (mol)
6 5 2
C H NH
n
l thuyt
=
6 6
C H
n = 2 mol
Chuyn 14
AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PROTEIN
387

Do
6 5 2
C H NH
n
thc t
= 2
60 50
100 100
= 0,6 (mol)
Vy
6 5 2
C H NH
m = 0,693 = 55,8 (gam).
Bi 27: p n C
C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ NaNO
2
+ 2HCl C
6
H
5
N
2
+
Cl
-
+ NaCl + H
2
O
0,1 0,1 0,1
Ta c
6 5 2
C H N Cl
n =
14,05
140,5
= 0,1 (mol) ; Vy
6 5 2
C H NH
n =
2
NaNO
n = 0,1 mol.
Bi 52: p n A
Ta c m
2
m
1
= 7,5 m
2
> m
1

Do trong phn t amino axit X c s chc axit phi ln hn s chc amin
Vy ch c p n A tho mn.
Bi 53: p n B
Ta c
HCl
n = 0,20,1 = 0,02 (mol) ;
NaOH
n =
4 40
100 40

= 0,04 (mol)
T l
X
n :
HCl
n = 1 : 1 Amino axit X ch c 1 nhm -NH
2

X
n :
NaOH
n = 1 : 2 Amino axit X c 2 nhm -COOH

t cng thc ca amino axit X l: H
2
N-R(COOH)
2
H
2
N-R(COOH)
2
+ HCl ClH
3
N-R(COOH)
2

0,02 0,02 0,02
Do R + 142,5 =
3,67
0,02
= 183,5 R = 41(C
3
H
5
)
Vy cng thc phn t ca X l: H
2
N-C
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
.
Bi 54: p n B
Ta c
X
n =
1,82
91
= 0,02 (mol)
X l mui ca axit cacboxylic n chc v gc amin: RCOONH
3
R

RCOONH
3
R

+ NaOH RCOONa + RNH

2 |
+ H
2
O
0,02 0,02
388

Do R + 67 =
1,64
0,02
= 82 R = 15 (CH
3
)
Vy cng thc phn t ca X l: CH
3
COONH
3
CH
3
.
Bi 55: p n C
Cht hu c X (C
2
H
8
O
3
N
2
) c: A =
2.2 2 8 2
2
+ +
= 0 (khng c lin kt t)
X khng th l amino axit, v vy CTCT ca X c th l: CH
3
CH
2
NH
3
NO
3
CH
3
CH
2
NH
3
NO
3
+ NaOH CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
+ NaNO
3
+ H
2
O
(X) (Y)
Vy
Y
M = 45 g/mol.
Bi 57: p n D
Ta c %O = 100 40,449 7,865 15,73 = 35,956(%)
t cng thc tng qut ca X l:
x y z t
C H O N
Lp t l x : y : z : t =
40,449
12
:
7,865
1
:
35,956
16
:
15,73
14

= 3 : 7 : 2 : 1
Cng thc phn t ca X l: C
3
H
7
O
2
N ( A = 1)
Do X c th l amino axit hoc este n chc

X
n =
4,45
89
= 0,05 (mol) n
mui khan
=
X
n = 0,05 mol
M
mui
=
4,85
0,05
= 97 (g/mol) Cng thc cu to ca mui l: H
2
NCH
2
COONa
Vy cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: H
2
NCH
2
COO-CH
3
.
Bi 61: p n D
Cht hu c X (C
3
H
7
O
2
N) c A = 1
X c th l amino axit H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH hoc este H
2
NCH
2
COOCH
3
Ta c
X
n =
8,9
89
= 0,1 (mol) ;
NaOH
n = 0,11,5 = 0,15 (mol)
0,1 mol X + 0,1 mol NaOH 0,1 mol mui
Cht rn gm mui v NaOH d m
mui
= 11,7 400,05 = 9,7 (gam)
389

M
mui
=
9,7
0,1
= 97 (g/mol) CTCT ca mui l: H
2
NCH
2
COONa
Vy cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: H
2
NCH
2
COO-CH
3
.
Bi 62: p n B
Theo bi, cng thc cu to ca X l: CH
2
=CH-COO-NH
3
-CH
3
CH
2
=CHCOONH
3
CH
3
+ NaOH CH
2
=CHCOONa +CH
3
NH
2 |
+ H
2
O
0,1 0,1

X
n =
10,3
103
= 0,1 (mol) ; Kh Y l CH
3
-NH
2
v cht tan Z l: CH
2
=CHCOONa
Vy m = 0,194 = 9,4 (gam).
Bi 70: p n B
Cng thc cu to ca alanin: CH
3
-CH(NH
2
)-COOH

protein X
n =
1250
100000
= 0,0125 (mol) ;
alanin
n =
425
89
4,7753 (mol)
Vy s mt xch alanin c trong phn t X l:
4,7753
0,0125
= 382.














390







1B 2C 3D 4D 5B 6B 7A 8D 9C 10B
11A 12D 13B 14B 15C 16C 17D 18B 19C 20D
21A 22C 23C 24D 25B 26B 27D 28D 29C 30D
31A 32C 33A 34C 35B 36A 37C 38C 39A 40B

Bi 33: p n A
Poli(metyl metacrylat) l thu tinh hu c c M = 100n = 25000 n = 250.
Bi 34: p n C
T nilon-6,6: ( NH-[CH
2
]
6
-NH-CO-[CH
2
]
4
-CO)
n
c 226n = 27346 n = 121
T capron: ( NH-[CH
2
]
5
-CO)
n
c 113n = 17176 n = 152.
Bi 36: p n A
n NH
2
-[CH
2
]
5
-COOH
o
t
( NH-[CH
2
]
5
-CO)
n
+ nH
2
O

0, 45
n
0,45

2
H O
n =
8,1
18
= 0,45 (kmol) y = 113n
0, 45
n
= 50,85 (kg)
p dng LBTKL, ta c: x = (50,85 + 8,1)
100
90
= 65,5 (kg).
Bi 38: p n C
S iu ch:
2CH
4
CHCH CH
2
=CH-Cl (CH
2
-CHCl)
n
2 kmol 62,5 kg
x kmol 950 kg
x =
950 2
62, 5

= 30,4 (kmol)
4
CH
n
b
=
30, 4 100
40

= 76 (kmol)
Chuyn 15
POLIME V VT LIU POLIME
391

Vy th tch kh thin nhin l: 76
100
95
22,4 = 1792 (lt) = 1792 m
3
.
Bi 39: p n A

2k 3k k
C H Cl + Cl
2

2k 3k 1 k 1
C H Cl
+
+ HCl
Ta c % Cl =
35, 5(k 1)
100
62, 5k 34, 5
+

+
= 63,96 k = 3.
392








1A 2A 3C 4A 5B 6A 7A 8B 9A 10C
11A 12D 13D 14C 15B 16B 17B 18C 19C 20C
21B 22C 23C 24B 25B 26D 27D 28B 29A 30D
31B 32B 33C 34C 35B 36A 37A 38D 39A 40A
41C 42C 43B 44A 45A 46B 47D 48B 49A 50D

Bi 32: p n B
X tc dng c vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
(d) th X phi cha nhm chc -CHO
hoc X l ankin c lin kt ba u mch.
V X c cng thc C
2
H
2
O
n
(n s 2) nn n = 0 (X l CH CH) hay n = 2 (X l OHC-CHO).
Bi 37: p n A
t cng thc trung bnh ca hn hp X l:
4
y
C H
X
M = 48 + y = 27,82 = 55,6 (g/mol) y = 7,6 ;
X
n =
8, 34
55,6
= 0,15 (mol)

4
y
C H
2
O +
4CO
2
+
y
2
H
2
O
0,15 0,6 0,075 y
Vy
2
CO
m +
2
H O
m = 440,6 + 180,0757,6 = 36,66 (gam).
Bi 39: p n A
t chy Y c:
2
CO
n =
22
44
= 0,5 (mol) ;
2
H O
n =
13,5
18
= 0,75 (mol)
Ta thy
2
H O
n >
2
CO
n Y l ankan:
n 2n 2
C H
+


n 2n 2
C H
+

2
O +
n CO
2
+ (n + 1) H
2
O
Chuyn 16
TNG HP NI DUNG KIN THC
HO HC HU C
393


n
0, 5
=
n 1
0, 75
+
n = 2 ; Do cng thc phn t ca Y l C
2
H
6

A c th l: C
2
H
2
hoc C
2
H
4

* Nu A l C
2
H
2
(chn 1 mol):
C
2
H
2
+ 2H
2

o
Ni, t
C
2
H
6

1 2

X M =
26 1 2 2
3
+
= 10 (g/mol)
Y
X
M
M
=
30
10
= 3 (ph hp)
* Nu A l C
2
H
4
(chn 1 mol):
C
2
H
4
+ H
2

o
Ni, t
C
2
H
6

1 1

X M =
28 1 2 1
2
+
= 15 (g/mol)
Y
X
M
M
=
30
15
= 2 (loi)
Vy cng thc phn t ca A l C
2
H
2
.
Bi 41: p n C
Theo bi, hn hp kh X c 1 hirocacbon no:
n 2n 2
C H
+
(n > 1)
v 1 hirocacbon khng no:
x y
C H
Ta c
X
n =
1,68
22,4
= 0,075 (mol) ;
2
Br
n =
4
160
= 0,025 (mol)

n 2n 2
C H
n
+
=
1,12
22,4
= 0,05 (mol)
x y
C H
n = 0,075 0,05 = 0,025 (mol)

x y
C H
n :
2
Br
n = 0,025 : 0,025 = 1 : 1
Do hirocacbon khng no c 1 lin kit t:
x 2x
C H (x > 2)

n 2n 2
C H
+

2
O +
n CO
2
(1) ;
x 2x
C H
2
O +
x CO
2
(2)
0,05 0,05n 0,025 0,025x
Theo (1, 2):
2
CO
n = 0,05n + 0,025x =
2, 8
22, 4
= 0,125 (mol) 2n + x = 5
Ch c cp nghim duy nht ph hp l: n = 1, x = 3
Vy cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l: CH
4
v C
3
H
6
.
394

Bi 42: p n C
Ta c
2
CO
n =
1,792
22,4
= 0,08 (mol) ;
2
H O
n =
1,62
18
= 0,09 (mol)

2
H O
n >
2
CO
n Hn hp c mt hirocacbon l ankan:
x 2x 2
C H
+


x 2x 2
C H
+

2
O +
x CO
2
+ (x + 1) H
2
O (1)
1 x x + 1

x z
C H
2
O +
x CO
2
+
z
2
H
2
O (2)
1 x 0,5z
T p (1, 2):
2
2
CO
H O
n
n
=
2x
x 1 0, 5z + +
=
0, 08
0, 09
z =
10x 8
4

Bin lun: z nguyn v chn
x 2 3 4
z 3 5,5 8
loi loi chn
Vy cng thc phn t ca cc hirocacbon l: C
4
H
10
v C
4
H
8
.
Bi 45: p n A
RCHO + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O RCOONH
4
+ 2NH
4
NO
3
+ 2Ag+


0,05 0,1
Ag + 2HNO
3
AgNO
3
+ NO
2 |
+ H
2
O
0,1 0,1

2
NO
n
|
=
2, 24
22, 4
= 0,1 (mol) ;
RCHO
M = R + 29 =
3, 6
0, 05
= 72 (g/mol) R = 43 (C
3
H
7
)
Vy cng thc ca X l: C
3
H
7
CHO.
Bi 46: p n B

3
AgNO
n = 0,32 = 0,6 mol ;
Z
n =
13, 6
68
= 0,2 mol ;
Ag
n =
43, 2
108
= 0,4 mol

Z
n :
Ag
n = 0,2 : 0,4 = 1 : 2 Z ch cha 1 nhm -CHO
395


3
AgNO
n
to thnh Ag
=
Ag
n = 0,4 mol <
3
AgNO
n
phn ng
= 0,6 mol
Chng t trong gc R ca cht Z cn c 1 lin kt ba u mch
Do cng thc cu to ca Z phi l: HCC-CH
2
-CHO.
Bi 47: p n D
Ta c
X
n =
2
O
n =
1, 6
32
= 0,05 (mol)
X
M =
3, 7
0, 05
= 74 (g/mol)
Khi t chy
1
74
mol X, thu c s mol CO
2
>
0, 7
22, 4
= 0,03125 (mol)
Nh vy t chy 1 mol X th thu c s mol CO
2
> 2,3125 mol
Do phn t X ch c 3 nguyn t C CTPT ca X l: C
3
H
6
O
2
V X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
nn X l
este v c nhm -CHO. Vy CTCT ca X l: HCOOC
2
H
5
.
Bi 48: p n B
Theo bi, X (C
2
H
8
O
3
N
2
) l dng mui amoni c CTCT: C
2
H
5
NH
3
NO
3

C
2
H
5
NH
3
NO
3
+ NaOH
o
t
NaNO3 + C
2
H
5
NH
2 |
+ H
2
O
0,1 0,1 0,1
Do cht rn khan gm: NaNO
3
( 0,1 mol) v NaOH d (0,1 mol)
Vy m = (85 + 40)0,1 = 12,5 (gam).
Bi 50: p n D
t cng thc tng qut ca A l:
x y 2
C H O N ;
A
14
M
=
15,73
100


A
M = 12x + y + 46 = 89 (g/mol) hay 12x + y = 43 x = 3, y = 7
Do CTPT ca A l: C
3
H
7
O
2
N CTCT ca A l: H
2
N-CH
2
-COOCH
3
H
2
N-CH
2
-COOCH
3
+ NaOH
o
t
H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa + CH
3
OH (1)
0,0375 0,0375
CH
3
OH + CuO
o
t
HCHO + Cu + H
2
O (2)
0,0375 0,0375
HCHO + 4AgNO
3
+ 6NH
3
+ 2H
2
O (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 4NH
4
NO
3
+ 4Ag+ (3)


0,0375 0,15

Ag
n = 0,15 mol ; Vy m = 890,0375 = 3,3375 (gam).



396











1B 2D 3B 4D 5C 6D 7B 8D 9B 10D
11C 12D 13B 14B 15B 16C 17A 18C 19C 20C
21D 22A 23B 24D 25D 26B 27D 28D 29C 30A
31C 32A 33C 34C 35A 36C 37B 38D 39C 40D

Chuyn 17
HO HC V VN PHT TRIN
KINH T, X HI, MI TRNG