Ah Ns French Primer

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iMiT^^
AHN'S
IMb 1S7
FRENCE PRIMER.
BY
Dr. P.
HENN.
NEW YORK:
E.
STEIGER & CO
BERKELEY
LIBRARY
UNIVTY Of
WUCATIOJSI
ZTWr
Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive

in
2008
with funding from
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Steiger's French Series.
ÂHN'S
FEENCH PRIMER.
Dr. P.
HENN.
E.
NEW YORK. STEIGER & CO
Entered, according to Act of Congress,
in
the year 1873, by
E.
in
Steiger,
the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
E. Steigkr.
Printer
Nkw York, and Electrotypr.
GIFT
PREFACE.
Special attention Ls invited to the following remarks es pianatory of the system of instruction in the First Elements of the French language adopted in this little book.
this
Competent and very experienced authorities on the study of language, have repeatedly adverted to the fact that pupils rarely succeed in attaining anything like a correct French
pronunciaiîoa,
when
practice
it
has
been restricted to
such casual opjiortunities as are afforded in the usual study of
grammar and
translation into English.
They have therefore
advised an Introductory Course which should treat exclusively of the proper French pronunciation, current reading, and the
early
and correct training of the ear to the unfamiliar French

realization of this view
It
is
sounds.
The
Primer.
the aim of
AEN'S
French
teaches correct pronunciation by giving numerous

really systematic
examples of the individual French sounds on a

organs used in their production.
or rational plan, according to their inter-relation
and the
These examples are never

often occur in English Spel-
meaningless syllables, such as

interest to the pnpil,
ling-Books and French Syliabaircs, which can he of no possible
bin are al-ways

is
words
referring to
such objects as the pupil

English meaning
is
familiar with.
Moreover, as the
is
given with each of them, the pupil
enabled,
whilst acquiring a correct accent, to store uu, with great ease,
a vocabulary of extreme value for the real Course

greatest care haH tMsen tuKen
itself.
The
m the choice of exampie-s. Id order
018

w give,
are
in
nr
head of each
lesson,
each
lesson,
such sounds only as have been already
explained.
The
rules laid 'iowo at the
few, eimple, and cieajr. The perpiexiug subject of silent vowels, consonants, and
is
terminatious
at once
treateii in such
a way thai the
pupil's eye
is
spoken to by the (DTnilbll&ni

all
or hairiine
is
type
rend-
used for
silent letters, aud one explanation only
ered necessary on the part of the teacher.*

In order to arrest the pupil's attention, and the instruction given in the
first
fix in
his
mind
part of the book, and for
practice in current reading, Phrases
and
tittle
Conversations
(with an interlinear English version) and easy exercises for
Translation are appended.
Tliese
apply practically the

really at notliing
words used
Course.
in t.he reading lessons,
and aim
more than an agreeable and encouraging

Closely based
feature, viz., the
all
recapitulation of the
uoon the Primer, and possessing
its
cliief
introduction of the mitlliiim type for
silent letters, are
AHN^S
French Heading Charts, which

of a regu-
will
be found of great service
in class instruction.
Although
lar,
AUK'S French
series, it
is,
Primer forms one part
graded
as an Introductory Course, complete

earliest
in
itself,
stage of instruction, with
and may be advantageously used, at the any French Grammar.

is
Every one conversant with the snbjeci
aware
that there
some
diversity
of practice, even amonsr the edncated, as to certain shades and niceties ot Frencli
pronnnciatinn.
Bnch ponits the scope of
this
book does not embra.;e.
For this
reason, the present nsapre of the
Normal
GoIleLre of Paris has
been 8(;cepted as the

it
standard, and mvariably followed, oltboash. In

ther autbunoea.
some
cases,
may
tiiffer
tToui
I.
THE ALPHABET.
consists of the following twcnty-tive
Names
11
The French Alphabet

letters:
Names
A
B
V
b
<
ah bay
say
N
O
enn
o
d
e f
D
E F
I
day eh
eff
pP qQ
r
s
pay
3
R
S
err*
ess
gG hH
i
jay'
tay
3
ash 2
ee
jee'
u
V
kK
1
X
y
z
U V X
Y
Z
y.
vay
ix
kah
ell
ee greek
L inM
zed
emni
e,
i,
1.
Simple vowels are: a,

All other letters are
o,
ii,
2.
simple consonants.
3.
The following are compoimd letters: voivels: au, eaii, on, ai, ei, eii, oeu. Nasal vowels: an, am, en, em; in, ini, ain, aim; on, t)m; uii, um, enn.
Compound
DiphtJiongs:
ia, ie. ie. ie,
i<>.
ieii
<>i.
ni.
<>iii.
Nasal diphthongs:
iaii, ieii. oiii. iiiii.
ion.
j'ii.
Compound consonants: eh,

1
pli, tli,
qn,
j to be
pronounced
like
,s
in pleasure.
fast.
a to be pronounced as in
The French name of this letter cannot be represented by English letters; it mnst be learned from the mouth of the teacher.
3
4 err to be pronounced as in ferry.

1
^
II.
READING
AND SPELLING.
1.
a ^
b p d
1.
n
the Circumflex
a
(
is
'"
)
proiiuLiiiced like
lias
vowel marked with the Circumflex Accent is always long. 2. i and i with the Circumflex Accent, are usually pronounced like i in machine, i is sometimes like the English
Accent
the sound of
a in fad; a witli a in father. A
short
3.
/,
as in pin.
at the end
ol*
4.
b p (It in n
words of more than one syllal)lo, is silent. at the beginning of words or syllables,
is
are pronounced
5.
as in English.
consonant ut the end of a word
generally
in
silent.
In
this book, all silent letters will 1)e
given
mtMlffi
or hairline type.
a
has
ba
stocking
ma
my
ta
thy
da da
hobby-horse
papa
papa
midi
noon
ami
frieiul
ni
neither
nii
nest
built
dit
said
tapis
carpet
pa
step
tabae
tobacco
bati
jVIrs.,
mat
mast
soul
dlna
(he) dined
dame
lady
tap
tap
madam am an Madam
ass
pat
paste
badin abim
switch
mm
put
dim min
tithe
abyss
mien, look
pip
pipe
timid
timid
dat
date
pi
mi
magpie crumb (of bread)
^ ^
1
f V
1. e at the end of words of one syllable, sounds like it in the English word tub; at the end of syllables not final, it has really the same sound, but is in many cases scarcely to be heard. 2. e with the Acute Accent (') is pronounced like a in fate.
of
e with the Grave Accent (') is pronounced like a in tare. e with the Circumflex Accent is pronounced like c m there. 5. e without an accent, at the beginning and in the middle syllables, is ordinarily jironounced like the French e (a in
3.
4.
tare): in the final syllables er, et, ez, however,
it
sounds
like
the French
6.
f,
V,
e (a in fate). 1. r arc pronounced
as in English.
le
the
me
lae
te
thfij
iie
not
de
of
yenir
to
brebis
sheep
come
d^
thimble
tM
tea
1
f^
fairy
ble
wheat
6t<5
summer
verite
truth
feve
beau
planet
lanet
per
father
feast
merD
mother
beast
frere
brother
pret
ready
tete
head
fet
yetir
Id dress
bete
etre
tulje
I'.irMi
feuetr
window
me me
same
re ye
dream
pretre
jjriest
fer
iron
mer
sea
terme
l.-nn
l>rotlierly
ferme
to closr
liberte
liberty
tel
such
elle
she-
frateriiel fer
ft
mer diner
dinner
et
and
tiret
hyplieu
lei
nea
nose
yenes paries
come
speak
thread
s.
U
c
1.
tl
^
6
k q
in robe;
has for the most part nearly the same souml as in

it
English;
it is
is
iisuall}^
pronounced hke o
sometimes
short as in odd; the sound of o in no.
with the Circumilex Accent has always
2. u and ii with the Circumflex Accent, cannot be rendered by any corresponding sound in English, and must be learned from the lips of the teacher.
3.
syllables
c before a, o, ii, or a consonant, and at the end and of some words, is pronounced like the P^nglish
it
of
Jc.
When
sounds
4.
comes before
sharp
also
s.
e,
i,
and y,
it
is
pronounced
cedilla
like
it
the English
like
word same.
like the
With the
(^),
s in always
sounds
it,
English k.
q, cither followed by u, or
All nouns are
le,
without
5.
is
pronounced
is
like the English k.
In French, there
is
no neuter gender.
either masculine or feminine.
the feminine article
The masculine article is Now, as the gender la, the.
the;
of nouns
can only be learnt by long practice, it is of great importance for beginners to learn, at the very outset, every noun luith
its article.
la
mod
le
le
port
le
le
domino
the
la
the
the mode, fashion
the ]inrt
domino
robe
dress
role
the roll
dome
dome
le
le
cote
the side
the cupola,
du
of the
lu
read
bu
drunk
tu
thou
la
rue
la
futur
the future
(he street
la
nature
the nature
la
lune
moon
vertu
the virtue
eu
had
the
du mur miirir
due
ripe
to ripen
la flut
the Hute
bril
to
bnru
la
la
corde
the string
le
canif
le
the
actif
active
le roc
the rock
the peutnife
lecture
the rtadiug
due
duke
ce
this
ceci
this
ici
here
le ci
dr la
ci
the
la ci te
the city
la for c
the strength
the cider
wax
a
that
la
facade
the front
the quality
regu
received
le kilo
the kilogram
qmi
who
quie
whom
la quia lite
le
coq
Paqm
Easter
the cock
4.
ail
eau ou
ail and eau are pioiiouiiced like o in home. 2. oil sounds like ou in soup. 3. g before a, o, ii, and consonants, has the hard sound of in go; before e and i, it is pronounced like s in pleasure.
1.
4. 5.
j is always jjronounced like 8 in pleasure. In French, there are as many syllables in a word, as
there are vowels or diphthongs.

6.
single consonant
between two vowels,
is
joined to the
latter.
le
baum
bateau
the boat
la
le
faut
faux
le
jaun
taureau
the bull
le
bureau
the office
ou
or
le
couteau
the knife
le coii
the ueek
le
coud
the elbow
le louiD
the wolf
beau coup
uiufh,
la
poule
the heu
Aotit
mauy
August (mouth)
la
la
le
moutard
the iiuistard
la
tour
le
tln^
le
coucou
the ciiekoo
the tower
rout
tht,'
roug
red
gag
jjicage
la
pag
the Jtage
road
gateau
the <-ake
the vegetables
le
geueral
the geueral
la la
flgur
the face, figure, form
les
legums
le gilet
the vest
la
glac
the ice
gorg
the throat
gros
large
je
I
le le
jour
jouer
to play
the d;iy
le
journal
the uewspaper
joli
pretty
jug
JuIbs
Julius
the judge
5.
ai
s
1.
ei
at the
ai and ei are generally pronoiineed like ai in bail; ai end of a word, especially in some forms of the verb, is
like
sounded
2.
in fate.
s at the beginning of words has the sharp sound of the English .s in same; between two vowels, it is pronounced like s in rose; ss has always the hissing sound of SS in lesson.
words 3. X as in English, has two different sounds; in most beginning with ex, it sounds like gs; in others like ks. 4. z has the same sound as z in English.
5. In dividing words into sjilables, mark, besides tno general rules (.see 4), the folio wing:
Two different consonants, or the two same consonants between two vowels, must be separated. There are many combinations, however, which always belong to the same syllable, namely: bl, br, cl, cr, ell, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr, pi, pr, tl, tr, vr, cli, pli, th, gn.
la
lain
the wool
la bai
the bay
le
maitro
la
the pair
le
the
the master, teacher
palai
l)alaee
la
paix
la rai
the
pair
the peaee
Hue
le
balai je parlerai
the
liruoiii
je parlerais
1
I shall
speak
should speak
seiz
sixteeu
la
rein
the iineeu
la
vein
the veiu
plein
full
le
la
sabl
the saud
le sel
the salt
sauvag
savage
le sac
tlie
bag
musiqui
le
exact
la
visit
the visit
le
Riiss
the Kussiau
exact
le
lux
luxiUT
flxeir
to tix
la
tax
the tax
zero
naught
la
zon
le
zel
zeal
le
gaz
the zoue
the gaz
la
vertu
the virtue
la
ti
bours
the purse
le boniieifc
the cap
qmit ter le
to leave
gr
le tre fl
the clover
pro pr
proper, clean
the tiger
eu oeu h ch th ph
1.
eu and oeu sound
nearly like
u in nume;
when
followed
another consonant not silent, the sound is more open. 2. h in French is said to be aspirated or not, but is never Mark that before all nouns beginning with a pronounced. vowel or non-aspirated h, the article is 1' (with the apostrophe) hj
r, or
instead of le, la.
With nouns beginning with
aspii'ated,
the article remains unchanged.
In a few words, 3. ch sounds the same as the English sh. however, taken from the Greek, and when it comes before a consonant, it is pronounced like k.
4.
th
is
pronounced
like
t simply, and ]>h
like
f.
le
jeu
le feu
the tire
jeu di
Thursday
la
cou leur
the color
the play
la doiileur
the paiu
la fleur
the flower
le coeur
the heart
la
the
soeur
sister
le boeuf
the ox
le iioeudl
the knot
I'lueur
the hour
I'Myer
the winter
le
malheur
the misl'ortuue
le
Mboii
th^'
le
the
owl
hetr
beech-tree
la
bouch
the
le
chen
the oak
clier
dear
mouth
clierche
sought
la
le
le
chro ni qm
the chi'oiiicle
le le
chceur
the choir
r^cho
the echo
tMm
the exercise
theatre
the theatre
la
phras
the phrase
phar
le
phosphor
the
the light-uons^
oho^horus

7.
1.
an
lu I'reuch,
am
n
uiui lu,
en
em
a
cuii.suiiant,
when
tinul or bel'uru
cU-e
said to have a nasal sound, but
more properly speaking,
dropping their own sound, they only indicate that the precediug vowels are to be sounded through the nose. Thus an, am, are used to represent the nasal sound of the French a, en. and are pronounced like en in the Anglicized word encore. 2. In pronouncing these sounds, care shoidd be taken not to press the back of the tongue against the palate, as is done in producing the sound of the English ng.
em
3.
When
the
m or n
of these and similar combinations

is
is
doubled or followed by a vowel, there
no nasal sound.
I'iiiicr
thf>
Fans
the haudlu
Fang
the angel
daii
iu
sans
without
anchor
la taiite
til''
ma man
Mamma
Jean
John
le
banc
lamp
aunt
the bench
blanc*
white
am pi
ample
la
jam b
the leg
la
lam p
the
le
tam bour
the
la
ram p
the stairs
still
le
flam beau
the torch
drum
en
ill
I'encr
the ink
en cor
to sell
I'entre
the entrance
le
the
venl;
wind
Fen fane
the childhood
vendr yendredi
Friday
Fo ri ent
the E.ist
Men ri
Henry
le sens
the sense
en sem bl
tcgcther
Fenipir
the empire
le la
membr
the
la la
cann
the caue
the
member
Fen n mi
the
flam
the flame
gem m
gem
enemy

s.
10
in
im ain aim
ein
in, iiu, ain, aim, ein represent the nasal sound corresponding to the French 1; taey arc all pronounced nearlj like an in the English word samj.
le
the
vin
wine
la fin
flu; eiiil
le
pin
le
moulin
the mill
the piue-tree
le la
pin
le jar
din
le
niagasin
the wMrehonse
the nibuit
the garden
le
pl(B
pie
matin
the
invite
invited
ingrat
ungrateful
sinisim-
morning
im
to
plo rer
implore
grim per
to
la
main
hand
climb
the
le
bain
le
pain
the bread
plain dr b
to
vain cr
to vanquish
the batli
complain
lnu
main
crain dre
tt>
de main
to-morrow
le
the
human
fear
gain
gain
plain tif
])laintive
le
par rain
the godfather
ain
si
thus
la
faim
hunger
le
daim
the deer
Fessaim
the
plein
full
swarm
le frein
the bridle
le sein
the
le teint
the complexion
la
the
bosom
feinte
feint
le
peintre
the painter
la
peintur
the painting
le des sein
the design
nu
ti
im mor tel
immortal
useless

9.
11
on
om
eiin
un
2.
iiiii
1. oil and oiii ivprescut the nasal sound corresponding to the Frencli o; they are pronounced nearly like on in song.
to the Fi-ench ii: they iirc
euii represent the nasal sound corresponding pronounced nearly like an in sung. 3. The 11 of iiioii, ton, son, nil, on is pronounced with the next word, if that conunences with a vowel or nonuii, uiii,
aspirated h.
Oil
om;, thoy
onz^
eleven
boil
good
moil
my
ton
thy
son
his
Toncle
the um-le
le le
bonbon
the sugar-phini
le
mondp)
the world
la
the
niontr
watch
pan talon
the trowsers
le le
plafond
the ceiling
la
reponse
the ilu^swer
the shade
le le
the
savon
the so.ip
garon
the
boy
Tom bra ge
nombr
iiund.er
noin
uamr
sombre
dark
le
the
la
tomb 3
the
le
preiiom
name
tomh
the Christian
nn un
a,
iiu,
cliacun
eacli
la Inn
the
lundi
Monday
(me
alum
brun
brown
le
parfnni
the perlume
kunibk
InuuMe
a jeun
tasting
mon
my
onclB
uuclc
la
bonn
the nurse
doniier
to give
12
ia ie i^ i^ io ieu
1.
Ill
French,
all
clip lit lioii^s
arc j)iouuiuicc(l by uttering

this should,
fully
and
distinctly the vowels
which compose them;
however, be done by a single inii)ulsc of the voice. Thus: ia is compounded from the French vowels i and a " " " ' i e ie " '' ' " " e i ie '' " " " " e i ie " '' " i o io " " " " "
' '
'
ieu
eu
2.
In dividing wonls into syllables, diphthongs should never
be separated.
Ie
diablD
tlic di'\il
Ie
piano
thr piano the iliaiiieter
Ie
dhidem
tlio (lindi'iu
lemariage
tbu niarriage
Ie dia Ie
metre
Ie
Ie flacr
'An- fall
Ie
diamant
the
rosier
Ie
Ie
dernier
Uk- last
diamoud
the rose-bush
Ie pied
the foot
Janvier
January
premier tier
the
first
yesterday
la pi tie
j)iiy
I'amitie
the frieudship
sieg
the seat
la piepiety
te
Ie lie g
the cork-tree
Ie pie g e
the trap
la pie cb
the jiieee
la
the
salier
salt-oellar
la
bier
Ihe beer
la
Ie
niec
(he niece
la
the
flol
jjhial
la pioclip)
the pickaxe
yiolon
the Yioliu
Dieu
God
gentleman
Ie
mi lieu
the middle
Ie lieu
the place
yieux
old
mom sieur
Sir, Mi-.,

11.
oi ui
IS
oi
is is
ui
like
oui
in loas.
ii
pronounced
wa
oui
compounded from the French vowels ** " " "
ou
and i. and i.
uioi
I
toi
thou
le roi
the kiug
noir
black
la loi
the law
la
the
soire
<_
la sole
the
.silk
le
miroir
the iniiTor
ayoir
to
\eiiiii},'
have
le poi
YTO
la soif
the thirst
la bol te
the box
boi r
to
the iiejjper
drink
la voi
the sail
la vie toi r
the victory
la toi
the liueu
I'oi
the ôo^n
Toi seau
the l)ird
le
tlie
moii choir
poeket-haudkerchief
liii
he
liii
to shine
je siiia
J
rHiiuil
tile oil
la niiit
the uight
je puis
I
am
can
le ciiir
the leather
la ciii si ii
the kitchen
niii
r la tui 1
the
tile
to injure
le
cuivr
the copper
la plui
the rain
I'etui
the case
suivi
followed
la rui
the riiiu
le
buis son
the bush
la Suis s
Switzerland
la sui t
the attendants
le bis cuit
the biscuit
la
con dui t
the conduct
rejoui
rejoiced
oui
yes
la
fouin
the marten
Louis
Louisa

12.
14
ian ion oin uin ien

ian is compounded t'rom the French vowels i and an nasal. '' " " " *' i '' on ion " " " o in " " oin ** ** n " in " " " uin " '' " i " en " " ien
'
1.
2. All these diphthongs are pronounced by uniting the sounds of their component parts, except ien, which is mostly final, and sounds like i with in {an in the P^nglish word sang).
la
viand
thfi uieiit
riant
siiiiliiig
la con fiance
ci>iiti(leiK-e
le
the-
mendiant
beggai-
le
negociant
the merchaut
friand
dainty
le lion
the lion
le
champion
the
la la
pension
champion
the boarding-school
la pas sion
tlif
In nion
tlie
pro ces sion

the procession
]iassion
union
loin
far
le foin
the hay
le soin
the carr
le coin
the corner
le
the
point
point
joindr
to join
le
be soin
the need
Juin
June
bien
well
rien
nothing
mien
mine
mienn
mine
tien
thine
sien
his
le lien
the
an cien
ancient
le co
me dien
li'^w
hand
the actor
le
Prussien
the Prussian
le
Chretien
the Ghristiau
com bien
much

13.
15
ill
il
eil
1.
eill
i.
and
11,
when preceded by
are pronounced like
consonant in yonder (liquid 1); in such words as have only tte vowel i before the 1 or 11, the i has its regular sound.*
2. When there is another vowel before the 11 or ill, the 1 always silent, and the vowel befoi-e it has its I'egular sound. Thus: eil and eiU are pronounced like e with 1 liquid.
is
le
111
babil
th
ta:k
le
mil
le
peril
the peril
Avril
April
the vauilLi
the millet
famille
the
luiiiily
la fill
the danghier
la yaiiill
le
le
pa vil Ion
lue pavilit)u
la co qmil le
the shell
brii
to
leir
shine
con
sell
con
sell ler
le
vermenl
the veriiiiliuu
the advice
to aJvice
paretl
like
le soleil
the sim
le
sommeH
the bleep
the ear
la
the
bouteill
l)Oltie
la
corbeilk
the basket
Foreill
la la
mer veil \%
the wonder
I'a
beO
the bee
meO leur
better
gro
seil le
vi ell
old
liquid
le vi eil lard
the old
the gooseberry
man
as being
*)
The pronunciation of the
is
sometimes given
like that of
Hi
in
brilliant;
but, as indieated above, in Paris
and pans
of France,
it is
softened
down
to very nearly the
sound of y.

u.
16
ail
aill
ail
aiul
'
euil
euill
like
ouil
ouill
a with eu
'
euil
oviil
aill are pronouucetl " " euill
1 liquid.
1
1
''
"
ouill
i
is,
"
ou
'
"
of course, always silent.
le bail
the lease
le
be tail
the eattls
le
gouyernail
the rudder
I'email
the enamel
le
travail
the work
Fe yen tail
the tan
la
the
bataill
battle
recalll
the scale (of fish)
la
medaille
the
medal
la
muraill
(he wall
la paill
th(^
le
caillou
the pebble
straw
le deuil
the mouruiut,'
recureuil
the squirrel
le faiiteuil
the armchair
le
le
cheyreuil
the roe
le seiiil
the threshold
la feuille
the leaf
ports feuil
the
j>ortl<)li()
1b
le
che yr feuil 1
the honey-suckL'
le feuil la
the foliage
ge
le
le fe iioiiil
the fenuel-seed
mouil ler
to wet
bouillir
to boil
bouillon
the broth
la rouille
the rust
fouiller le brouillon la depouill

to dig
the waste-book
the spoil
17
gn
1.
and y gll has a sound combining that of the English consonant, like 7il in minion. In dividing words into syllables, (see 5.) it is always considered as one letter, 2. y when initial, or when after a consonant, has the sound of the French i. y after a vowel is to be considered as a compound sound of two i (ii), the first i going with the preceding
vowel, and the second with the following; thus:
nioyen
moi-ien.
la ligiie
the liue
la
campagn
the country
le sigiie
the sign
la moil ta giie
the monntiiiu
I'Al le
le
ma gii
di gii
wrtrMiy
Germany
rigiioraiic
ignorance
compagiion
the companion, partner
le
the
lorgnon
eyeglass
le rogiioii
the kidney
espagiiol
Spanl^h
y
there
les yeiix
the eyes
la
lyre
the lyre
la
la
syllabe
the syllable
le
le
type
the type
le
myrt
the myrtle
syntax
the s>^ltax
tyran
the tyrant
la
le
pyramid
the iiyramid
I'luydr
the hydra
lepays
the country
pay sag
the landsca])--
le
moyen
the
le
the
means
crayon
pencil
you voyes
you see
employer
to
employ
payer
to
loyal
honest
royal
royal
aboyer
to bark
pay
18
e
u
lias
1. g'U before e and i sounds like g in go; the sound whatever, it onl}^ shows that the g is hard.
no
2.
inserted to
g-e befoie a, o, ii, sounds like s in pleasure; the show that the g is soft.
is
3. The trema (*) ])laced over the second of two vowels, denotes that they are to be pronounced as distinct letters.
la laiigui
the laugnafê tongue
la
gmerre
the wiir
le
gmid
the guide
la flgiiKB
the tig
la baguue
the ring
la
gmerit
the sen try-box the drug
fatigmie
tired
la g mi
tar
la drogHKB
la ginepe
the wa.sp
the guitar
la gunirland
tlie
gnner
hardly
garland
la
mar gun ri to
the daisy the orgau
la dagiie
the dirk
le le
gme
gmi
the lord
le dogniKB
the house-, log
ForgniKB
il
gmerir
to heal
the mistletoe
la guuetr
the gaiter
mangea
be ate
le
geolier
the jailer
rou goa tr
reddish
le pi
gon
la
man gôi r
the manger, crib
the pigeon
Faieul
the grandfather
hair
to hate
Saiil
Saul
Raphael
Raphael
19
17.
1.
ti
ent
final in
ent
it
ti in the middle of words, when vowel, is very otten jn'onounced like ce

2.
is silent.
comes before another

cedar.
all
in
the Third Person Plural of
French verbs,
la
ration
the ration
la
nation
the imtioii
la
fraction
th*'
tractiou
la
consolation
the con-olution
Faddition
the additinu
la
the
SOUS traction
sul)tr!iotiou
la
I'e
multiplication
the imiltiplicatinu
la
por tion
the iôrtiou
du ca tion
the edm-atiou
le di tion
the editiou
Fat ten tion

the attention
la
condition
the ((niditinu
la perthe
jx-r-
Action
Itclimi
le
Venitien
the Veneiiaii
essentiel
esseiiti.d
patient
jiatieiit
la
le:^
patienc
patience
la
compothe compo-
si
tion
sitioii
lions rugissini4
(tlie)
le
(the)
lions roar
pigeons roucoukait
pigeons con
les
serpente
(the) seqênts
siffleunt
hiss
les boeufe
I
mu gis seimt
oxen low
(the) cocks
les
(the)
the)
mou tons
be lBt les coqs clian tent

crow
sheep bleat
j.
20
fôiible
Consonants.
1. Aa a |2:eneral mle, In words ending In e mate, preceded by two likf^ consonants, the two con.soiKints are pronounced as There are, however, a gi-eat many words with double one. consonaniis m which both of them are pronounced,
2.
Double
afler
hill,
retains in a few
(see
words the proper sound
of
I,
as heard in
13.)
3.
namely, the
Double c before e and i is pronounced as first like k, the second like s.
in English,
la
nappo
la
chatt
the cat
la
barr
the bar
la la
the
the tablf-c'loth
chas
la pier re
the stone
le
par ter r
the garden-plot
hiiutiiij,'
terr
earth
TAngleterr
England
Janii
Jane
le
tlir
reii 11
reindeer
qmit t
(juits
I'Eiioiii
the
m com in
like, as
man
la
pom ill
the ajiple
le
beurr
the butter
le sifflet
the whistle
la riff
the claw
la coiff
the head-dress
la
goutt
the drop
iiii
men s
immense
im mo bi 1
inlmovable
I'er
reur
1
the error
il
his tr
illustrious
la yil 1
the town
mil 1
thousand
le
mil
the mile
ia
vaccin
the vaccimtiou
le
succes
the buccesa
accepter
to accept

10.
I.
2\
Some Exceptions and

Mark
the occasioual sounds of
Difficulties.
following betters:
tlic
e =- a.
la fern in
the wife, wonuiu
im prii deiii meiit

imprudeutly
fle=eu.
Ym\
the eye
Ymllei
tlie
Foeillade
the glance
pink
= g. =
=
2.
le se
cond
dix
leu
nous
soi
se
con don
the second
we second
X
X
s.
six
le
xan t - six
Hixty-six
7.
den xie m
the second
.
le si xie niB
the sixth
The Apostrophe
(')
does not ciiange the pronunciation
of the following syllable, and only denotes the elision of one
vowel before another.

mslead
of:
we. wiitK
Thus:
and read:
iitstead nf:
wi write and reoA:
*9
le air
the air
I'air
je ai
i Lave,
jai
la
llie
eau
water
Feau
qm'il
de un
of a
d'un
qme
quae
il
ya-toi
si
if
en
va-t*en
s'il
that he
go along
on
qm'on
il
he
tliat tlicy
ce ^%%
that is
cest
Tanii
si
if
ils
they
s'ils
le
the
ami
t'riejid
je
aim
Hove
j'aim
22
20.
1.
Connection of Words.
Ill
current reading and speaking, tlie last syllable of a word is generally joined to the first of the tbllowing, if that commences with a vowel or non-aspirated li. In this connection,
however, some letters change their regular sounii, namely:
d is pronounced " sorx

2.
like
'*
t z
g- is
pronounced like u u
k
^
The t of et, and,
is
never pronounced.
grand Ikomme
graii-thom-mt
great
rang* elBve
j'au-ke-le-ve
elevated rank
vous
vouyou
man
ets aiiiiabl
ze-te-zai-iiui-blo
are amiable
boii
ami
boiis
amis
l)()-na-mi good friend
l)()ll-/a-llli,-
good friends
eest asses
c'es-tas-sez
that is
trop injust
tro-piii-jus-te
too unjust
ils
ont u
enough
il-zoii-teu they have had
ils
aimomt a parler
il-zai-meii-ta-i)ar-ler
they like to sjêak
lisons a present
li-son-za |)re-yeiit let us read now
neuf
hommos
nine
il
est six
it is six
lieur^
neu vhom-mes
men
i-lest-si-zheu-res
o'clock
amour
love
et patri
vainer ou mourir
vaiii-creou-mou-nr
to vanquish or to die
a-mou-ret-pa-tne
and fatherland

21,
23
Words
To
tliose
who wish
to be accurate in Dividing
into Syllables, a review of the rules already given iu several former lessons (,see 4, o, 10 may he of service.
,
There are as many syhables in a French word, as tliere are vowels (u- diplithongs. 2. A single consonant between two vowels, \< joined tc the
1.
latter.
3.
Two
different
consonants or the two same consonants
must be separated.
4. Tliere are many combinations, however, which always belong to the same syllable; namely: 1)1, br, cl. cr, dl, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr, pi, pr, tl, tr, \ r, cli, pli, tli, gn, and, of course, all diphthongs.
la ca cia
the gmu-tree
Te ra ble
the maple-tree
la
mi
le
ntt to
Sep
tern
brs
the minute
September
le
prill
temps
le
I'odorabthe smell (sense)
berger
cerisier
tigra
les
le
la
bar bo
the spring
the shepherd
the beard
le
tounerre
the thunder
ruisseau
the stream
le
les pieds
the feet
the cherry-tree
la
paupiere
the eye-lid
la pluie
the raha
le
chagrin
the grief
the tiger
IVnivrage
the
le
marbre
le sie cle
the centiiry
montagnes
work
le
the marble
the mountains
pen
pl-3
Ton gle
the nail (of fingers)
tin
the people
6 le phant an elephant
22, The
namely:
[,]
chief marks of punctuation are the
same as
in English,
la virgule, the
comma
[;] le
point et virgule, the semicolon
[:] les
[.] le
deux
points, the colon
point, the period
[?] le
[!]
le
point d'interrogat ion, the note of interrogation point d'exelamation the note of exclamation.

III.
24
CURRENT READINO
La
The
23.
L'heure a soixante minutes.

The hour has
sixty
flute est
flute
is
un
an
minutes.
instrument.
iustrument.
Ce
This
fruit
fruit
est
is
mur.
ripe
La
The
flotte
fleet
sort
leaves
du
the
[)ort.
port.
Notre vie
Our
life
est courte.
is
short.
est passe. (The) summer is past.

fertile.
fertile.
L ete
Aime
Love
ton pere et ta mere.

thy
lather
Cette vallee est

This
valley
is
Porter
Carry
and thy mother.
cette
this
lettre
letter
a
to
la
the
poste.
post-office.
Le
fer
est
is
un metal,
a
(The) iron
metal
Ce portrait
This
portrait
est beau.
is
Je veux une
I
fleur.
flower.
beautiful.
wish (want) a
24.
Ce papier
Tliis
est
is
mauvais..
bad.
Veux-tu aimer ton

Wilt thou
?
paper
love
thy
pere et ta mere, tes freres

father
aud thy
inother,
thy
eb tes soeurs sisters? brothers and thy
Maman,
Mamma,
est le
is
donne-moi un ruban.
give
L'empereur de Russie
The
emperor
of
me
ribbon.
Eussia
the
maitre
master
dim
of
a in
vaste empire.
vast
L'ecolier
The scholar
va a
I'ecole
empire.
goes to (the) school
Je suis dans
I
la
the
seconde classe.
second
class.
am
25.
Les
(The)
flatteurs sont tres-danîêreux;

flatterers
il
faut toual-
are
very
dangerous;
one must
jours el re
ways
be
en garde contre eux.

on
guard
against
Nous m^prisons
We
not
despise
them
souvent une chose, parce

often
(lu'il
n'est
it is
pas en notre
in
thing,
because
our
pouvoir de Tobtenir.
power
to obtain it
Je suis reine des

I
fleurs, disait
flowers,
am
queen of the
said
un jour
one
day
la rose k
the
Thumble
humble
violette.
violet
rose to the

26.
25
Henri!
Henry
I
Que voulez-vous
What J'ai
I have
Venez
Come
to
ici.
here.
Pour
"What
do yoii waut V
quoi faire?
to
quelque chose k vous montrer.

something
do
show you.
Qa'est-ce que c'est?

What
Un
A
joli
nice
livre.
book.
:i.?
a-t-il cles Are there any
images dedans? Oui, beaucoup. Qui vous Ta donne? Who has given it to you many. Yes, in it? pictures
Papa.
Papa.
Quand ?
When ?
Ce matin.
This morning.
27.
Je vais
I
sortir.
Avec
With
le
the
am
going out.
qui ? whom ?
Avec maman.
With
Iklamma.
Is Julia going
Ou
Where
with
allez-vous?
are
Dans
Into
pare.
park.
Julie va-t-elle avec
you going?
?
VOUS
you?
Oui, et Sophie aussi.

Yes,
Mettez votre chapeau.

Put on
your
bonnet.
and Sophia
also.
J"ai
I
uu chapeau
a
neuf.
De
quelle couleur?
Of what color?
11
It
Bleu.
Blue.
have
new
bonnet.
Montrez-le-moi.
Show
it
Le
II
It
voici.
it is.
est bien joli.

is
YoulezWiU
to me.
Here
?
very pretty.
VOUS Tessayer
you
try it'ôn ?
est trop
is
grand pour moi.

large
for
too
me.
2S.
Marie, venez dans

:Mary,
le
the
jardin.
garden.
Pour quoi
"UTiat to
faire
do
?
come
into
Pour cueiUir des

To
Have
la
gather
fleurg.
flowers.
Pour qui
For
Pour maman.
For
Alamma.
some
whom?
No.
I
Avez-vous une corbeiUe?

yea
a
Non.
Je vais chercher
am
going to fetch
basket?
mienne.
mme.
Apportez aussi une paire de ciseaux.

Bring
also
pair
of
scissors.
Nous n'avons
We
bttvtj
plus de tulipes.
tuhps.
Ni de
Nor
lilas.
lilac.
Mais
But
no more

11
26
we
have flowers enough.
y a des
roses.
Je crois que nous avons assez de

I
there
are sorae roses.
think
fleurs.
Portons-les k
Let us cany them
maman.
to
Mamma.
29,
Qu'avez-Yous
What have you
I'a
it
la
?
Un joli
A
pretty
petit moineau.
little
Qui
Who
there
sparrow.
vous
donne
to
Le
The
jardinier.
gardener.
II
faiu
has given
you?
It is
le mettre necessary to put it
dans une cage.

in
Je
I
niii
have
pas de cage.
no
cage.
Jean en a une.
John
has
one.
cage.
Me
la
the
la pretera-t-il?
it
Je vais
I
Will he lend
to
me ?
and
am
lui demander. going to ask him.
Voila
There
is
il
it
cage.
cage.
Allez chercher de ia graine.

Go
fetch
Voyez,
See,
some
seed.
Qiange deja.
eats
already.
50.
?ais
Ou
Where
vont tons
are
all
les
the
garpons.
boj's going,
Engine?
Eugene
?
Je ne
I
do
pas.
Voyez comment
See
ils
courent!
!
not know.
how
they are running
lis vont They are
voir
un petit
going to sec a
Italien qui a un singe. little Italian, who has a monkey.

You know
le voir Let us go to see him
Allons
aussi.
also.
Vou3 savez quon nous a defendu de

that
sortir.
they
have forbidden us to go out.

!
A-h,
que cela
How
est
malheureux
that
is!
Voila les gargons

The boys
unfortunate
qui reviennent.
are
Le
The
le
petit
little
Italien est
Italian
is
avec eux.
with them.
II
coming back.
He
va faire danser
ts
singe dans la
coiii-.
J'ui quelquss^^
I h&sa
going to
make
the
monkey dance
iu the yard.
SOUS, je vais les lui jeter.

cents, I
am
going to throw them to him.
27
(Oral and Written).
IV.
TRANSLATION
31.
le,
the
la, the
le pere, the father
la nibre, the
mother
le frere, the brother

et,
la soeur, the sister
and
Le pere
pere
et le
le fr^re.
et
la
frere.
Le fr^re et la soeur. Le La mere et la soeur. La mere et

mere.
et la soeur.
Le pere
32. bon, bonne, r/ood
est, is
Le bon |)t!re. La bonne mt;re. Le bon fr^re. La bonne soeur. Le pere est bon. La mere est bonne. Le bon pere et la bonne mere.
The father and The brother and the sister. The The mother and the sister. The good brother is good. The sister is good.
33.
the
brother.
brother and the good
sister.
34. un, une, a, an un oiicle, an unde
mon, ma, my une tante, an aunt
mon
p^re,
my father
ma
m^re,
my
mother
tante.
et
Un oncle et une une bonne tante. Mon fr^re soeur. Mon bon oncle et ma bonne tante. p^re est bon, ma mere est bonne.
p^re et une mere.
et
Un
Un
bon oncle
ma Mon

My
28
A
my
good brother and
mother.
35, A brother and a sister. a good sister. My father and
My
uncle
sister.
and my aunt.
My
S(i.
uncle
is
good brother and good; my aunt is good.

large,
tall
my
good
grand, grande,
petit, petite,
ton, ta, thy aussi, also
little^
small, short
le cousin, the (rnale) cousin
la cousine, the (female) cousin
Mon
grand.
petit frere.
Ma
Ma mere
mon
est petite.
Ma
tante est grande.
Mon pere est Mon oncle est petit. Ton p^re est mon oncle. Ton
petite soeur.
frere est aussi
frere.
Ton cousin
est petit.
Ta
cousine est aussi petite.
37,
aunt.
tall,
My
little
cousin
is
is
is
good.
Thy
sister
also
my
sister.
Thy mother is my Thy uncle is

little
is
and thy aunt

little
is
short.
My
brother and
my
sister.
Thy
brother
good,
and thy
sister
also good.
3S,
le livre, the
hooh
Jean, John
Marie,
a,
la
plume,
the
pen
Mary
has
livre
p^re a un frbre et une soiur. Jean a un une plume. Le livre est bon. La plume est aussi bonne. Mon oncle a un grand livre et une
et
Mon
petite plume.
[La]* petite Marie a
mon
livre et
ma
plume.
Words within
brackets
( )
[ ]
are to
words within parentheses
are
be read, but not translated; not to be read, but translated.
29
M}" mother has a good 39, John is my cousin. brother and a good sister. My book is good, my
pen
is
also good.
small
pen.
My
cousin
John has a large book and a John has my book and
my
pen.
voire, your
40, not re, okt la maison, the house

le jardin, the
Jacques.
Jaiiies
garden
Louise, Louisa
joli, jolie, jjretty
Notre pere est nn bon pure. Notre mere est une bonne mere. Yotre oncle a une jolie maison. Yotre tante a un joli jardin. Notre jardin est grand. Yotre maison est petite. Yotre plume est bonne. Jacques est notre cousin. Louise est votre cousine.
41,
Our uncle
is
a good uncle,
is
good aunt.
small.
Y'our book
is
large,
Our garden
pretty.
and our aunt is a and your pen is (The) little James is
your cousin.
large house.
Our uncle has a Louisa is our sister. Your aunt has a pretty garden.
j'ai,
42,
riche, rich
I hate
xery
pauvre, poor
tu as, thou hast

tr'6s,
malade,
ill,
sicl-
est pauvre.
Notre oncle est trbs-riche. Yotre cousin Richard Jacques est tres-malade, Charles est
Yotre jardin est tres-joli. J'ai un bon Robert a un bon livre et une bonne plume. Jean, tu as un tr^s-bon oncle et une tres-bonue tante.
notre frere.
frere.

43,
la lieiir,
the fl,ower
30
la rose; the rose
Our aunt is very rich. Our little sister is sick. Your cousin Mary is poor. I have a good uncle and Mary is our sister. Your house is a good aunt. very large. Thou hast a good aunt, Charles. My sister has a rose. The rose is a pretty flower.
Robert, thou hast a very good brother and a very
o:ood sister.
44.
ai-je,
have I?
the jênhiife
as-tu, liast
thou?
dog
])erdu, lo^t
le
trouv6,
found
tJte
can if,
le chien,
oui, yes
non, no
Ai-je ta plume, Marie?
Non,
livre
ma
?
soeur, tu as
J'ai ton livre
J'ai
mon
et ta
canif.
As-tu aussi
mon
plume.
canif.
Charles, tu as un joli chien.
perdu
mon mon
ta
Jacques, as-tu trouve mon canif? Oui, frere, j'ai trouve ton canif. Alfred, as-tu perdu
Oui,
plume?
mon
pere.
45.
Henri, Henry
vu,
seen
Julie,
Jidta
Have
very
sick;
I a brother
and a
sister?
is
Henry, thou
little.
hast a pretty dog.
Our dog
very
Mary
is
my
sister Julia is also sick.
Charles,
Yes, I have seen your hast thou seen our garden? Mary, hast thou seen my garden and your house. Yes, Henry, I have seen thy uncle and uncle?
thy aunt.
40,
si
avons-nous, have we ?
avez-vous, have you?
nous avons, we have vous avez, you have

papa,
Papa
maman,
Mamma
mere.
Vous avez uiie bonne iiii bon pere. Avons-nous un Irere et une soeur? AvezAvez-vous vu mon vous un jaidin et une maison ? letitchien? Oui, Robert, nous avons vu ton joli Avez-vous trouve votre canif, papa? petit chien. Non, maman. Oui, Henri. Charles, as-tu inf^ oluniQ?
Nous avons
47.
la
montre,
the
watch
le
chapeau,
the hat, honnet
un
enfant, a child
))retty
un ami. a friend
hat and a pretty watch. No, we have lost our
Henr}- has a
Have you
watdi.
child.
also a watch?
lost your book? No, my have a good friend. Have you also a Our friend ? Yes, Mamma, we have a good friend. poor friend is sick. You have a good aunt.
Mamma, have you
We
48, monsieur, Mr.,
Sir,
gentleman
\^\QiiYQ. the
ecrit, written
letter
madame,
Mrs..
Madam
lettro,
As-tu 6crit un9

sieur, j'ai ecrit
mon
enfant?
Oui,
Oui,
et
mon-
une
lettre.
Et vous, Henri
?
Robert,
avez-vous aussi ecrif une lettro nous avons aussi ^crit une petite
fleur. ]ulie?
monsieur,
A.-^-tu
lettre.
Oui.
madame,
j'ai
une
jolie ro.se.
une Avez-
Oui, V0U3 per]u un livre? perdu un livre et une plume.
madame, nous avons
Hast thou seen my dog. Charles? Yes, Sir. I have seen vour dog. Have you Josl a pen? Yes Madam, we have lost a pen and a book. I have Have jon also written a letter, written a letter. Henry and Charles? Yes, Sir; we have also writteo Hast thou a a letter; Richard has seen our letter. Yes, Madam, I have a prettj flower, my child?
49.
ôwer.
50,
il,
he {she,
est,
it)
elle, she (it)

est-il, is
il
he
is
he ?
elle est, she is

il a,
est-elle, is she ?
a-t-il,
he has
has he ? has she ?
elle a, she has

le
fijs,
a-t-elle,
the
son
la fille, the daughter
J'ai vu votre fr^re; il est tres-grand. As-tu aussi vu notre cousine, Marie? Oui, madame, elle est tresgrande. Vous avez un bon oncle; est-il riche? Non, madame, il est tres-pauvre. Et votre tante, est-elle Ta tante a un Ills; Oui, madame. aussi pauvre ? Oui, monsieur, elle a un a-t-elle aussi une fille ? fils et une fille.
5t,
mais, hut
encore,
small,
still
but [it] (he) is very Hast thou seen our cousin Robert? is he prett}^ No, my friend. I have seen your son, still sick? Hast thou found a Sir; has he still the little dog?
Our garden
is
watch,
Henry?
Yes,
[it]
Yes,
(she)
is
my
is
sister.
Is
[it]
(she)
pretty?
is
small, but [it] (he)
very pretty. very good.
My
book

5.'A
as
dans,
la
in, into
SOQ, sa. his, hery
its
le choval. the horse
achet6. bought
ou, where?
chambre, vendu, sold

pour, for
fils
the
room
Mon
oncle a perdu son
et sa fille.
Ma
soeur
a acliet^ un canif et uue plume. Votre pere a vendu son clieval. Ma tante a aussi vendu son cbeval. Ma
soeur a 6crit une grande lettre pour sa tante. As-tu perdu ton livre, Henri ? Nous avons trouv^ un livre dans notre jardin. Oli est votre cousin, Charles? Est-il dans sa chambre?
53.
raison, right
j'ai raison,
tort,
ivrong
I am
right
j"ai iovi,
1 am wrong
toujours, always
My father has lost his watch. My brother has found a pretty penknife. My uncle has sold his house. Your aunt has sold her oarden. My uncle
has bought a pretty hat for his son. Where have you found your watch? Am I right? Yes, Sir, you are right, but your sister is wrong. We are always right, and you are always wrong. 54,
ce, cet, cette, this
un jardin, a garden une femme, a woman un enfant, a child un habit, a coat un homme, a man
ce jardin, this garden

cette
femme,
this
woman
cet enfant, this child

cet habit, this coat
cet
homme,
this
man
Ce jardin Cette maison
est
trbs-joli.
est
grande,
Cet enfant est malade. Ou avez-vous vu cet

homme
petite.
(\'t
<54
Cette chambre est trbs-
et
cette femttie?
Oil avez-vout? Lrouve ce canif et cette

eat-il
?
plume?
habit eyi trey-joli;
vous eerie cette lettre Ills a ton.

SS.
\e
pour mon frere? AvezCe monsieur a raison, son
jar d'miev. the gardener
la sei'vante, the
maidservant
This rose
is
This clog
pretty.
I
is
for
my
brotlier.
very
Sir,
Have you bought
this coat, Sir?
Yes,
have bought this coat for my son. We have seen this man and this woman in oar garden. This man
This mother
our gai-dener. Tiiis woman is our maid-servant. is very good; she has bought a pretty ])onnet for her daughter.
is
,76*.
un,
una deux
5 cinq
6 six
3 trois
7 sept
4 quatre
le pere, the
8 liuit
les peres, the fathers
les
father
la
mere,
the
mother
meres, the mothers
I'enfant, the child
les enfants, the children
lettres
freres.
Henri a ])erdu les livres. pour son oncle. J'ai

Cette
filles.
trois soeurs et
Louise a ecrit deux quatre

Ills
deux
canif.
femme a cinq enfants, trois Nous avons achote six plumes

chiens.
et
et
un
Mon
onclo a vendu une maison et deux jar-
dins.
Nous avons deux
Mon
frere a achet^
les roses.
sept livres.
Notre jardinier a vendu

trois canifs.
Ce
monsieur a achete

57. la table,
the table
85
la chaise, the chait

la
la tete, the
head
main,
tht
hand
le pied, the
foot
in
Wo
have found the books
your room. Robert
I have two has written two letters for his aunt. My father has bought brothers and three sisters. have a head, two hands, and two two gardens.
We
feet.
Our uncle has bought a
table
and
six chairs.
Our gardener has

(laughters.
We
and five have two tables and eight chairs in

six children, one son
our room.
08.
mon
fr^re,
my brother
ma
r:i
soeur,
my
sister
mes mes
freres, qui/ brothers
soeurs, Quy sisters
ton livre, thy book
tes livres, thy books tea i)lumGS, thy pens
plume, thy pen

Iter
lu^r
son jardin, his.

sa maison, his,
garden ses jardiuG, his, her gardens sea maisons, hCs, her houses house
voili, there is, there are
voici, here is, here are
mis, put
sur, on,
upon
As-tu vu mes
une dame, a lady

Voici mes livres ct
rose^,
aims,
loves, likes
mes plumes.
cousine, jai
?
Marie?
Oui.
ma
vu
tes
roses.
j ai
As-tu trouve tes amis, Paul
Oui,
mon
oncle,
trouve mes amis dans

ses livres sur la table.
ses
lilies.
le jardin.
Mon
frere a mis
J'ai
vu
la tante. ses fils et
Ou
est
Robert?
A-t-il ecrit ses lettres?
Cette dame Oui, papa, Robert a ecrit ses lettres. a perdu ses freres et ses soeurs. J'ai trouv^ mes Cette m^re aime ses enfants. livres.

my
36
59, Papa, have you sold our horse and our dog? Yes, ray children. Hast thou seen my flowers,
Mary?
This
Yes,
1
cousin, I
have seen thy flowers.
man
has lost his friends.
Where
are
my
books,
have put thy books upon a chair. Our gardener has sold his flowers. This gentleman has bought three books for his children. Here are my books and my pens.
60,
Mamma?
notre livre, our hooh

notrefleur, our flower
votre chien, your dog votre lettre, your letter

ils,
nos livres, our boohs nos fleurs, our flowers vos chiens, your dogs vos
lettres,
your
letters
elles, they
ils
sont,
.J
sont-ils?
elles sont,
^^'''^ ""''
sont-elles
"''
? \
^j
^^'''^^
sago, luise,
le caliier,
good
tlie
jeune, young
hier, yesterday
coi^y-looh
j"ai
Avez-vous vu nos enfants, Marie? Oui, madame, vu hier vos enfants. Ou sont nos livres et nos
?
plumes, Charles
sur la table.
mis vos livres et vos ])lumes cousins, Paul et Joseph. sont toujours malades. Voila nos enfants, sont-ils sages ? Oui, monsieur, ils sont tr^s-sages. J'ai trouv^ deux cahiers dans ma chambre.
J'al
Nos deux
61,
le tiroir, the
drawer
triste,
sad
Your brothers and your

v-îing.
We
Henry.
are still very have lost our two friends, Paul and Have you found your copy-books, Mar^
sisters
ST
and Jnlia? Yes, Mamma, we have found our copybooks in our drawer. There are your sisters; are they sad? Yes, Sir, they are very sad. We have found tliree pens in this drawer.
62, ce livre,
cette
lis
this
book
ces livres, these hooks

ces enfants, these children
cet enfant, this child
femme,
)
this
,7
woman
7
ces femmes, these

ont-ils?
)
women
,7
ont,
elles out. [
^''"'
^^^"
ont-elles
la
'"'"' ""^2'
? f
,^,^
^,
e,
une ombrelle, a parasol ua parapluie, an umbrella, uus bagne, a ring

Ces enfants sont
cueilli ces
pomme,
the apple
la poire, the
pear
cuedli, gathered
tr^s-tristes.
?
ces pornmes et ces poires
Avez-vous achete Non, niadame, nous avons
pommes et ces poires dans notre jardin. Paul ont trouve une jolie bague. Ou ont-ils trouve la bague ? lis ont trouve la bague dans le jardin. Mes tantes ont achet^ une ombrelle et un parapluie pour Pauline et une tres-jolie bague pour
Jean
et
Louise.
OS,
le voisin. the
neighhor
si, so,
as
Our neighbor has bought these houses and these gardens. Is he so rich? Yes, Madam, he is very rich. V^x sisters have gathered these apples and these Ferdinand and Richard have pears in our garden. found a pretty umbrella. Where have they found the umbrella? They have found the umbrella in our
garden.
These ladies have bought a parasol.

G4, je suis,
38
suis-je
?
/ am
a7n
IF
are
tu es, thou art
es-tu? art thou?
nous soiiimes, we are vous etes, you are

ie
sommes-nous?
etes-vous
?
we?
are
you?
neveu,
here
est
the
nephew
adieu! good-bye!
ou, or
ici,
Ou
ton
papa, Charles
il
Est-il
ici ?
Qui,
monsieur, mais
est malacle;
il
est
dans sa chambre.
Ton pere
cousin.
est
mon
oncle; je suis son neveu, tu es nion
Ai-jo raison ou tort?
je suis ton cousin.
Adieu,
Tu as raison, Charles, mon ami. Nous sommes
freres.
sommes
est
|)auvres.
Somnies-nous riches ou pauvres? Nous Jean est mon cousin, son pere
mon
oncle.
^,T.
Where
Is
is
thy uncle, Alfred?
Is
he here?
is
Yes,
Sir.
he
I
in his
room?
No,
Sir;
he
in
the gar-
den.
friend.
Am
thy friend, James?

sisters are cousins.
Yes, thou art
my
my
Our
Grood-bye. Henry.
We
are brothers.
You
is
are sisters.
Louisa
is
cousin;
her mother
my
aunt.
the
Where
are our
children,
Mary? Are they in Madam, they are in the garden.

who
garden?
Yes,
6*6*.
qiii ?
? whovi ?
quel, quelle
what, which?
are
c'est, it is
ce sont,
the physician le
the/y
le
medecin,
crayon, the pencil

there
le Soulier, the shoe
la botte, the hoot

la,
pris, taken

bottes et tes souliers.
39
Qui a pris mes souliers
Charles a pris tes
Qui a achete cette jolie maiNoti'G voisiii a achete ces deux niaisous. son ? Quel livre as-tu perdu? Quel cheval avez-vous vendu ? Quelle pluuie as-tu la ? Sur (juelle table Pour qui sout ces fleurs? as-tu mis mon crayou ? Ces fleurs sont pour maman. Qui est la? C'est le Qui sont ces enfants ? medecin, c'est moii oncle. Ce sont nos cousins.
67.
this
Who
is
has written this letter?
Henry has
ring?
written
letter.
ring
for
watch?
flowers?
what room have you found my In which garden have you gathered these
In
For Mary.
whom
is
this
This
pretty
Who
little
is
there?
It is
our Robert;
it is
the
physician.
Which
flowers have
you there?
sisters.
Who
are these
children?
They are my
more
08,
grand,
le soleil, the
plus,
large, great
plus grand, larger, greater

Tor, {the) gold
le fer,
sun
la terre, the earth

utile, uaefid
{the) iron
que, than
Le
soleil est plus
grand que
le
la terre.
La
est
terre
est plus
petite
que
soleil.
Le cheval
plus
[1']
grand que
or.
le chien.
[Le] fer est plus utile <|ue
est
mere est plus jeune que mon pere. Get homme est plus sage que son frere.
Ma
Mario
])auvre,
mais cette femme est encore plus pauvre. Pauline, Oui, Robert. es-tu plus grando que ta soeur ?

69.
la ville, the
40
la
town
campagne,
the country
agreable, agreeable
fort, forte,
strong
content, contente, contented

I am stronger than my cousin. You are richer than we, but we are more contented than you. The
country is very agreeable. The country is more agreeable than the town. Mary is more contented than Louisa. The horse is more useful than the dog. We are richer than you. My father is younger than my mother. This woman is poorer than this man.
to,
le
couteau, the knife

the a?ii?nal
.
les les
couteaux,
the knives
the
Tanimal,
animaux,
animals
I'oiseau, the bird

le
le vaisseau, the ship
moineau,
the
sparrow
la cuiUere, the sp)oou
Ma
seaux.
teaux.
soeur aime [les] oiseaux.
Mon
frere a
vendu
ses oiseaux.
Nous avons vu
tils
hier deux grands vais-
Ma
tante a achete six cuilleres et six cou-
Mon
aime
[les]
chevaux.
Ma
tante a un
chien et cinq oiseaux; elle aime [les] animaux.
Nous
avons perdu nos chapeaux. Mon frere a achete deux moineaux. [Les] chevaux sont tres-utiles.
71,
le metal, the
metal
le
marchand, thetradesman
(The) metals are very useful.
Have you
still
seen
my
two sparrows? Yes, Henry, they are
very
little.
Thy
more
brothers
like (the) birds.
(The)
horses are
sold your
useful than (the) dogs.
Have you
horses?
These
little
animals are very pretty.
This
41
he
"has
tradesman is very poor (The) sparrows are very

72,
ueuf, nine
dix,
;e?i
lost
his vessels.
useful.
seize, sixteen
dix-sept, seventeen dix-huit, eighteen
onze, eleven
douze, twelve
treize, thirteen
dix-neuf, nineteen
vingt, twenty
quatorze, fourteeM
vingt et un, twenty-one

trente, thirty
qumze,
th^me,
Jifteen
tree
Varbre, the
le
Fan, the year

le mois, the
le jour, the
the exercise
la faute, the
mistake
month day
11 y a, there is, there are Dans noire maison il y a quatorze chambres. Dans cette chambre il y a deux tables et douze Dans notre jardin il y a vingt-deux grands ehaises.
arbres.
J'ai
trouve neuf fautes dans ton th^me.
L an a donze mois. Ce mois a trente et un jours. Xous avons cueiUi vingt pommes et quatorze poires dans le jardin. II y a seize ou dix-sept chambres
dans cette maison.
73.
1
ecole, the school
une semaine, a
vjeeh
In our school there are thirty children.

has seven days.
I
A v/eek
have seen
fifteen children in oui'
There are twelve or thirteen rooms in our little town there are nine schools. We have found thirty apples and nineteen pears in our garden. Our neighbor has ten children. [ have
garden.
house.
In this
twenty-one books.

74.
le livre
42
la
de Jean, John^s book maison de moii p^re, my father' s house I'enfant de cette femme, this woman's child
Gruillaume, William
s'appelle, is called
Le
fils
de notre
voisiii s'appelle
Henri, et sa
fille
s'appelle Marie.
L'enfant de cette
femme
s'appelle
Charles.
jardiu.
Le frbre de Jean est ici; il est dans notre Les enfants de notre tante sont tres-bons Les amis de Les livres de mon oncle sont utiles. Gruillaume sont dans notre jardin. La soeur de Marie Les tleurs de notre soeur sont a ecrit une lettre. Voici les souliers de Marie et, de Louise, tres-jolies.
et les bottes
de Henri
easy
difficile, difficult,
73,
facile,
hard
Have you
is
seen
is
my
brother's books
Our neigha
letter.
bor's daughter
called Louisa.
sister
My
friend's brother
very
ill.
Mary's
is
has
written
My brother's our garden. William's exercises are alfriend is called James. ways very easy, but Charles' exercises are always very difficult. Our neighbor's children are good.
William's friend
in
John has sold
his brother's dog.
trop, too much, too many 76, pen, little, few beaucoup, much, many combien ? how much, how many ?
peu de vin, little ivirie pen de ênrs, few floioers beaucoup de viande, ?nuch meat beaucoup de pommes, many apples
48
many
children
trop de pain, too much bread trop d'eufants. too
combieii d'argent? how much
money?
combien de livres? how many hooka?

Teaii; the water
le lait, the
milk
la cerise, Uie cherry
donnez-moi, yive me mange, eaten bu, drunk
J'ai pen d'argent. Avez-vons beaucoup de vin ? Donnez-moi un pen d'ean. Nous avons pen de pommes. Charles a mange trop de cerises dans le jardin de son oncle. Mon liure a achete beanconp Combien d'argent avez-vous trouve? de poires. Combien d'enfants avcz-vons vn dans Tecole? Mon frere a beaucoup de lleurs dans son jardin. Les enfants ont bu trop de lait. Cette pauvre mere a beaucoup d'enfants.
77. la soupe, the soup

le sel, the salt
le poivre, the
pepper
s'iivous plait, ifyouplease
merci, thank you
Hast tliou eaten thy soup, Caroline? Yes, MamThere is also a little bread and a little meat. Thank you, ^bimma. Grive me a little salt, if you
ma.
]
(lease.
This poor
woman
has
many
children.
lias
Few
flow-
men
ers.
are contented.
Our gardener
many
How many books

sister has
These children have drunk too much water. have you? I have few books. My
too
many
books.
little
This
if
man
has
little
money.
Give me a
pepper,
^'ou please.

78.
la faim,
j'ai faim,
44
la soif, thirst
j'ai soif,
hunger
I am hungry
I am
thirsty
autanb, as much, as
many
assez, enough
moins,
less, feioer
que, as
})aiii,
autant de
as miicli bread
autant de livres, as
many
hooks
moins d 'argent, less money assez de pain, hread enough plus de viande, more meat
Mon frere a autant de livres que vous. Avezvous assez de pain ? Notre voisin a moins d'enfants que notre jardinier; il a deuz fils et une tille. J'ai Oui, As-tu faim, mon enfant? assez dc pain. maman, donnez-moi, s'il vous plait, un pen de As-tu aussi soif? Non, viande eb un peu de pain. maman, j'ai bu un peu d'eau dans le jardin de notre Ai-je plus de fleurs que vous ? oncle.
many flowers as your garhave eaten more meat than you. We I am hungry, Mamma, have drunk wine enough. How many give me a little bread, if you please. children has your uncle? He has six children, two Our neighbor has fewer sons and four daughters. children; he has two sons and one daughter.
7,9.
My
father has as
dener.
We
80.
le
de, of
morceau,
the piece
le
le
jambon,
the
ham
le verre, the glass
sucre, the sugar
la tasse, the cu^)
le the, the tea
la bouteiUe, the bottle
la bi^re, the beer
45
J'ai mange iiu pen de soupe et uii morceau cle jambou. Pour qui est cette tasse de the ? Cette tasse de the est pour ton frere, et ce morceau de J'ai faim, maman, donnezSucre est pour ta soeur. moi, s"il vous plait, un morceau de viande et un peu de pain. Henri et Jean ont bu un verre de vin. Le jardinier a bu une bouteille de biere.
81. la livre, the found
la paire, the
fair
une livre de the, a found of tea deux paires de bas, t%m 'fairs of
stockings
six pairs of stockings.
I have John has three ])airs of Are you thirsty, my shoes, and one pair of boots. children? Yes, Mamma, we are thirsty. There is a cup of tea. My aunt has five pounds of sugar and I am hungry and thirsty, give two pounds of tea. me a piece of bread and a glass of water.
How many
pairs of stockings liast tlion?
82.
le ])remier, the first
le le le
quatrieme,
the fourth
le
second, the second
cinquieme,
the fifth
le troisi^me, the third
dernier, the last
la classe, the class

la partie, the
fait,
made, done
fart
pardon,
I heg your fardon

?
Charles, es-tu le
premier de
le
la classe
Pardon,
le
monsieur, Henri est
premier, je suis
second,
Jean
petit
est
le troisieme,
Robert
est le quatrieme, [le]
Richard
est le
cinquieme, et
mon cousin Jacques

fait
est le dernier.
Combien de
fautes as-tu
?
dans
ton dernier th^me, Guillaume
J'ai fait trois fautes.
Cinq est
la
quatrieme partie de vingt.

83, Janvier, January Fevrier, February
46
Juillet,
July
Aout, August
Mars, March
Avril, Aj^ril
Septembre, September
Octobre, October
Mai,
Juiii,
May
June
rannee,
Novembre, November Decembre, December

the
year
le sixieme, the sixth

le
le
le
neuvieme,
onzieme,
the ninth
septieme, the seventh

huitieme, the eighth
le clixieme, the tenth
le
the eleventh
How many
days has
this
month, Charles?
This
month has thirty clays; it is the ninth month of the January is the first month of the year, year. February the second, March the third, April the fourth. May the fifth, June the sixth, and December
the
84,
j'ai eu,
last.
Three
is
the third part of nine.

ete,
j'ai ete,
bee7i
eu,
had
I have had
I have
been
tu as eu, thoa hast had

il
tu as ete, thou hast been

il
a eu, he has had
a ete, he has been
nous avons eu, we have had nous avons ete we have been vous avez eu, you have had vouz avez ete, you have been
ils
ont eu, they have had
lis
ont
et^, ihey
have been
chez, at the house of
chez chez
mon
le
pere, at
my father'^ s
la canne, the cane
cordonnier, at the shoemaher^s
le plaisir, the pleasure
As-tu eu
mon
crayon, Henri?
mais
j'ai
eu ta plume.
Qui a eu
ma
Non, ma soeur, canne? Louis

a eu ta canne.
47
beaiicoiip de plaisir,
Avez-vmis en
ici?
mes eufauts?
(le
Qui, mainan, nous avoiis eu beaucuup
plaisir.
ici.
Qui a ete
Monsieur Beauuioui
il
a e(6
As-tu et^ cliez le cordonni?r, Jean? Oni,

j ai (5t6
monsieur,
hier cliez le cordonnier;

C'est bon.
fait
vos hottes et vos souliers.
So, les affaires, business

le fruit, the fruit
aujotird'hui, to-day
le gant, the glove
Where
hast ihou put

in
my
gloves,
put your gloves
the drawer,
i)arasol.
your waich and your

is
Mary? I have Madam. Here are Thank you. Where

in
my
lather?
Your
father
is
his
room; he has
had much business to-day.

yesterday,
uncle's.
Where have you been
my
children?
My
sisters
We have been at our have been sick this week, they

fruit at
have eaten too much

86,
je n'ai pas,
the gardener's.
ne
pas, not
nousn'avons pas, ivehavenoi tu n*as pas, thou hast not vous n'avez pas, you have iiot
not n'a pas, he has not
iis
I have
il
n'ont pas, they have not
qui de nous, which of us
voulez-vous, ivillyou?
As-tu ma plume. Henri? Non, Robert, je n'ai Qui a eu mon canif ? Je n'ai pas eu pas ta plume. ton canif. Qui de nous deux a raison ? Tu n'as pas raisou. Guillaume, tu as tort. Avez-vous faim, mes enfants ? Non. maman, nous n'avons pas faim. nous avons soif. Voulez-vous un verre de bibre?
Merci.
maman. donnez-moi,
lait.
s'il
vous
plait,
un verre
d'eau ou une tasse de

87,
le de, the thimble
48
pas encore, not yet
paresseux,
idle, lazy
Edouard, Edward
Hast tlioii found thy thimble, Louisa? No, Mamma, I have not yet found my thiip^^le. Edward has not yet done his exercise; he is very lazy. Our
neighbor has not bough"^ this house. You are wrong, my friend, my uncle has not yet sold his garden. Why are you so sad, William and Edward? Have you lost your books ? No, Sir.
88,
je ne suis pas,
I am
not
tu n'es pas, thou art not

11
n'est pas, he is not
nous ne sommes pas, we are not vous n'etes pas, you are not ils ne sont pas, they are not
la IcQon,
tJie
lesson
appris, learnt
heureux, happy
pas de, no
Je ne suis pas riche, mais je suis content. Je n pas malade. Cette ville n'est pas agrâble. Ces themes ne sont joas difficiles. Tu n'es pas sage, mon enfant, !u n'as pas appris ta legon. Ce jeune homme n'est pas heureux; il n'a pas d'amis. Nous ne sommes pas tristes, nous n'avons pas perdu nos livres. Henri, tu n'es pas le premier de la classe, tu n'as pas fait ton thbme.
suis
SO,
I
appliqu<^, diligent
am
not
ill.
We
are not rich, but

's
we
is
are con-
tented.
sick
My
You
brother
not happy;
be
are not diligent,
my children, you
always have
49
We are not poor, we have not learnt jôur lessons. not sold our gardens. These exercises are not eas}'. Your sisters have This gentleman is not my uncle. not taken your copy-books.
90.
n'ai-je pas, have
I not? ne
suis-je pas,
am I not ?
n'as-tu pas, hast thou not ?
n'es-tu pas, art then not ?

n'est-il pas, is he
has he not? n'avons-nous pas, have we

n'a-t-il pas,
not? ne sommes-nous pas, are

ive
not?
not ?
u'avez-vous pas, have you not? n'ont-ils pas, have they not?
connu, knoiv?i
N'ai-je pas
n'etes-vous pas, are you not?
ne sont-ils pas,re they not?

h, to, at,
?
in
un
joli livre
Ne
suis-je
pas appli?
que
N'as-tu pas eu beaucoup de plaisir, Edouard
N'es-tu pas content?
Washington; Ne sommes-nous pas heun'a-t-il pas encore ^crit? reux ? N'etes-vous pas les amis de mon cousin ? Tu n'es pas applirpe; n'as-tu pas fait beaucoup de fautes N'avez-vous pas connu mon oncle ? Yoilii nos enfrere est a
i
Ton
fants;
ne sont-ils pas tres-sages?
01, Have you not been thou not books enough?

Sir?
my
cousin's friend?
is
Where
Hast your brother.
written?
San Francisco. Has he not yet Have you not yet been in (at) Have you not yet seen this town? Hast Paris? thou not been at our physician's to-day? Am I not happy? Have I not much pleasure? Art thou not my friend? Have you not seen my uncle to-day?
is
He
in
No,
Sir.
92, a la maison, at home

moil oiicle
est-il
60
my
uncle nick ?
a la campagne, in the country

?
malade
is
ta soeur n'est-elle pas ici? is thy sister not here?
ces enfants sont-ils sages? are these children good ?
Ce monsieur
elle votre
est-il
?
votre oncle
Cette
dame
est-
tante
Ce theme
est-il difficile ?
?
Votre
tante a-t-elle vendu sa maison
La
terre n'est-elle
pas plus petite que le soleil ? Le cordonnier a-t-il Yotre cousin fait une paire de bottes pour Henri ? Yotre a-t-il 6te k Washington ou k Baltimore?
tante a-t-elle ^te k la
campagne?
Ton
frere est-il
k la maison
93, Are our sisters sick ? Is this gentleman your brother? Is this lady your mother? No, Madam,
it is
my
aunt.
Charles at
Has your neighbor sold his house? Is home? No, Sir, he is not at home. Has
your aunt been in the country? No, Sir, she has not been in the country, she has been at my father's. Is this child sick? Is your lesson easy or difficult? Are your children at home, Mrs. Reval? No, Madam,
they are in the country.
mien, la mienne, mine
94,
le
le tien, la tienne, thine
le sien, la sienne, his, hers
les miens, les
miennes, mine
les tiens, les tiennes, thine les siens, les siennes, his, hers
bon, good,
meilleur, better
le meilleur, the best

Ce cnapeau
est bon;
est
5i
Ce
canif
plus joli que le tien.

est meilleur.
mais
le
mieu
Cette plume est

Voici
tres-bonne; elle est meilleure que la mienue.

nies livres
les ei
voila les tiens.
Voici mes bottes et
voila
tiennes.
Charles est
mon
meilleur ami.
Robert a perdu mes livres et les siens. Ton livre est plus utile que le mien. Mon jarclin est plus agreable que le tien. Ton canif est plus joli que le sien.
9o,
is
Thy room
is
prettier
than mine.
is
My
larger than thine.
Where
is
thy cousin?
is
pen is His bookThis hat
prettier than mine; but mine
more
useful than
his.
is
My
exercise
easier than thine.
very pretty; it is prettier than mine. Here are my gloves and there are thine. Robert is my best i*riend. Edward has lost his copy-book and mine.
.96*.
le nOtre, la iiutro, ours

le votre, la
les notres, ours les vOtres,
votre, yours
la, is
la,
yours
est-C9
that..?
.
Claire, Clara
.
sont-ce
are those
? aussi, as
Est-ce
111
votre chien. Alfred?
ce n'est pas le notre.
Est-ce la votre chambre,
Non, monsieur, mes
Non, madame, ce n'est pas la notre; c'est chambre de Louise et de Claire. Sont-ce la vos chapeaux? Non, maman, ce ne sont pas les notres; ce sont les chapeaux de Richard et de Charles. Asenfants?
la
tu trouv6 nos livres, Jacques ? Oui, j'ai trouv^ les miens et les votres. Notre jardin est-il aussi joli que le voire? Le notre n'est pas si joli que le votre.

97.
5^
Is
Our town
is
is
more agreeable than yours,
that your house,
Edward
No,
Sir,
it
Our uncle
tier
richer than yours.
Your
not ours. house is pretis
than ours.
Is
My
cousin's exercise
is
easier than
our town as large as jours ? Are our sisters younger than yours? Yes, Madam, they are younger. Hast thou found our pens, William ? Yes
yours.
I
have found mine and yours.
Here are mine
there are yours.
98,
celui, celle, that, that one
ceux, celles, those
celui de
celle
mon
frere,
my
brother-'s
de Julie, Julians ceux de Ferdinand, Ferdi7iand\^ celles de Robert, Robert's

ce n'est pas, (Ms
le
is
not
ce ne sont pas, these are not

fiddle, faithful
mouchoir,
the pochet-handkerchief
la cravate, the cravat
age, old
Ce
de
n'est pas
frere.
ton parapluie, Jacques, c'est celui
Ce n'est pas ta plume, Julie, c'est celle de Marie. Ce ne sont pas tes souliers, Jean, ce sont ceux de Ferdinand. Ce ne sont pas tes bottes, ce sont celles de Louise. Yoilti ton mouchoir et celui de Paul. Notre chien est plus fiddle que celui de notre voisin. Mon fils est plus age que le vOtre.
Yoici ta cravate et celle de ton fr^re.
mon
if9.
This
is
not thy parasol,

;
are not thy shoes
it is thy sister's. These they are Louisa's. Here are thy
stockings and thy sister's.
These books are more

useful than thy uncle "s.
faithful
53
cousin's
Your
dog
is
more
than our uncle's. These are not your books, This is not thy hat, it is thy these are Henry's. These are not thy books, here is thine. cousin's
;
Charles, they are William's.
100.
leur, leurs, their
leur livre, their hook
leurs livres, their hooks leurs plumes, their pens

{^x^Xxq, forgotten
leur plume, their pen

Elise, Eliw,
avec, with
Ma
sceur a peidu sa
fr^res out
plume et son crayon. Noa vendu leur cheval et leur chien. Marie a
trouve ses bas et sea gants.
Ou
eat [la] petite
Louise ?
EUe
est a la
lis
campagne avec
sa mere.
Ou
Les
sont
mes
amis?
sont dans leur jardin.
fils
de
mon
voisiu out perdu leurs livres et leurs plumes.
Claire
a oubli6 son parapluie.
avec son frere.

ils
Henri
et
San Francisco Jean out perdu leur mere;

Elise a etc a
sont tres tristes.
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Entered, according to Act of Congress,

the year 1873, by

the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

Nkw York, and Electrotypr.

such casual opjiortunities as are afforded in the usual study of

translation into English.

They have therefore

and correct training of the ear to the unfamiliar French

teaches correct pronunciation by giving numerous

examples of the individual French sounds on a

or rational plan, according to their inter-relation

These examples are never

meaningless syllables, such as

ling-Books and French Syliabaircs, which can he of no possible

bin are al-ways

such objects as the pupil

given with each of them, the pupil

whilst acquiring a correct accent, to store uu, with great ease,

a vocabulary of extreme value for the real Course

m the choice of exampie-s. Id order

such sounds only as have been already

rules laid 'iowo at the

a way thai the

spoken to by the (DTnilbll&ni

silent letters, aud one explanation only

ered necessary on the part of the teacher.*

part of the book, and for

practice in current reading, Phrases

(with an interlinear English version) and easy exercises for

Translation are appended.

apply practically the

in t.he reading lessons,

more than an agreeable and encouraging

uoon the Primer, and possessing

introduction of the mitlliiim type for

silent letters, are

French Heading Charts, which

be found of great service

Primer forms one part

as an Introductory Course, complete

stage of instruction, with

and may be advantageously used, at the any French Grammar.

Every one conversant with the snbjeci

Bnch ponits the scope of

book does not embra.;e.

reason, the present nsapre of the

GoIleLre of Paris has

been 8(;cepted as the

standard, and mvariably followed, oltboash. In

The French Alphabet

Simple vowels are: a,

ia, ie. ie. ie,

iaii, ieii. oiii. iiiii.

Compound consonants: eh,

4 err to be pronounced as in ferry.

a in fad; a witli a in father. A

consonant ut the end of a word

this book, all silent letters will 1)e