CA CH S DU NG GI I T

Gii t GII T

(Prepositions)
1. nh ngha: Gii t l t loi ch s lin quan gia cc t loi trong cm t, trong cu. Nhng t thng i sau gii t l tn ng (Object), Verb + ing, Cm danh t ... V d: a. I went into the room. b. I was sitting in the room at that time. Ta thy r, v d a., "the room" l tn ng ca gii t "into". v d b., "the room" l tn ng ca gii t "in". Ch : Cc bn phi lun phn bit trng t v gii t, v thng khi mt t c hai chc nng (va l trng t v gii t). iu khc nhau c bn l Trng t th khng c tn ng theo sau. Hy xt cc cu sau y: V d: 1. Please, come in. It's raining. (Trng t) We are in the small room. (Gii t); v tn ng ca "In" l "The room" 2. He ran down quickly. (Trng t) - v "quickly" khng phi l tn ng ca "down"; n ch l trng t ch cch thc m thi. 3. My dictionary is on the desk. (Gii t) - v n lin kt vi tn ng: (the desk). 2. Cch s dng gii t trong ting Anh: C th ni vic dng cc gii t khng phi d, v mi nc c cch dng gii t c bit; vy ta phi rt ch n n ngay t lc mi hc mn ngoi ng ni chung v ting Anh ni ring.

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CA CH S DU NG GI I T
Trong ting Anh, ngi ta khng th t ra cc quy lut v cc php dng gii t mang tnh c nh cho mi gii t - cng mt gii t, khi i vi t loi khc nhau th to ra ngha khc nhau. Vy chng ta nn hc thuc mi khi gp phi v hc ngay t lc ban u. V d: depend on independent of look after look for look up to .................... wait for think of make up look up live on ................

3. Cc loi gii t trong ting Anh. Cc gii t trong ting Anh c th c phn thnh my loi sau: 3.1. Gii t ch Thi gian. after at before behind by during for from in on since throughout foreward until within

3.2. Gii t ch a im/Ni chn. about above across beneath beside beyond over through to

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CA CH S DU NG GI I T
at before behind below by in off on toward under within without

3.3. Gii t ch L do, nguyn nhn. at for from of on over through with

3.4. Gii t ch Mc ch. after at for 3.5. Gii t thng: after against among between by for from of on to with on to

4. V tr gii t Thng thng, gii t ting Anh c t nh ting Vit; tuy nhin, n c th t ngay trc T nghi vn hay i t. V d: What is this medal made of?
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CA CH S DU NG GI I T
Of what is this medal made? hay The man whom we listened to is our new teacher. The man to whom we listened is our new teacher. 5. Cch t t ng c gii t: V tr ca gii t trong cu c th lm thay i ngha ca cu . V d: 1- A letter was read from his friend in the class room. A letter from his friend was read in the class room. (Hai cu trn c ngha khc nhau bi v gii t "from" c v tr khc nhau) 2- With his gun towards the forest he started in the morning. With his gun, he started towards the forest in the morning. (Hai cu trn c ngha khc nhau bi v gii t "from" c v tr khc nhau) 6. Mt gii Gi t thng thng: 1. AT, IN, ON 1. AT : dng trc thi gian ngn: gi, pht giy ... At 10 o'clock; at this moment; at 10 a.m 2. ON : dng trc thi gian ch: ngy, th ngy (trong lch ...) On Sunday; on this day.... 3. IN : dng trc thi gian di: thng, ma, nm, ... In June; in July; in Spring; in 2005... 2. IN, INTO, OUT OF
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CA CH S DU NG GI I T
1. IN: dng ch v tr (a im - khng chuyn hng) In the classroom; in the concert hal; in the box.... 2. INTO: dng ch s chuyn ng t ngoi vo trong. I go into the classroom. 3. OUT OF: dng ch s chuyn ng t trong ra ngoi. I go out of the classroom. 3. FOR, DURING, SINCE: 1. FOR : dng o khong thi gian For two months... For four weeks.. For the last few years... 2. DURING : dng ch hnh ng xy ra trong sut thi gian ca s vt, s kin: During christman time; During the film; During the play... 3. SINCE : dng nh du thi gian Since last Saturday, since Yesterday. 4. AT, TO 1. AT: dng ch s c nh mt v tr no tng i nh, v nu din tch ni ln hn ta dng "in". At the door; At home; At school In Ha Noi; In the world 2. TO: dng ch s chuyn ng ti mt ni no . Go to the window; Go to the market
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CA CH S DU NG GI I T
5. ON, OVER, ABOVE. ( trn) 1. ON: dng ch v tr ng lin ngay trn On the table; on the desk ... 2. OVER: dng ch cc lp/th t ln trn (o, qun) I usually wear a shirt over my singlet. 3. ABOVE: Vi ngha l trn nhng ch s cao hn so vi vt khc thp hn. The ceiling fans are above the pupils. The planes fly above our heads. 6. TILL, UNTIL (ti, cho ti khi) 1. TILL: dng cho thi gian v khng gian. Wait for me till next Friday (thi gian) They walked till the end of the road. (khng gian) 2. UNTIL: dng vi thi gian. He did not come back until 11.pm yesterday. (thi gian)

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