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GV:Lng Thanh Phng WWW.ToanCapBa.
Net Bi tp Ton 11
I. Tm tp xc nh ca hm s lng gic
Ch : 1)
A
B
c ngha khi B 0 (A c ngha) ; A c ngha khi A 0
2)
1 sinx 1 ; -1 cosx 1

3)
sin 0 ; sinx = 1 x = 2 ; sinx = -1 x = 2
2 2
x x k k k

+ +
4)
os 0 ; osx = 1 x = 2 ; osx = -1 x = 2
2
c x x k c k c k
+ +
5) Hm s y = tanx xc nh khi
2
x k
+
Hm s y = cotx xc nh khi x k
Bi 1: Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau
1) y = cosx + sinx 2) y = cos
1
2
x
x
+
+
3) y = sin 4 x +
4) y = cos
2
3 2 x x + 5) y =
2
os2x c
6) y = 2 sinx
7) y =
1 osx
1-sinx
c +
8) y = tan(x +
4
) 9) y = cot(2x -
)
3
10) y =
1 1
sinx 2 osx c
II. Xt tnh chn, l ca cc hm s lng gic

Ch : cos(-x) = cosx ; sin(-x) = -sinx ; tan(-x) = - tanx ; cot(-x) = -cotx
sin
2
(-x) = [ ]
2
sin(-x) = (-sinx)
2
= sin
2
x
Phng php: Bc 1 : Tm TXD ; Kim tra
, x D x D x
Bc 2 : Tnh f(-x) ; so snh vi f(x) . C 3 kh nng

'
t
0 0 0
( ) ( ) chn
( ) ( ) l
C x ( ) ( ) khng chn,khng l
f x f x f
f x f x f
f x f x f
Bi 2 Xt tnh chn, l ca cc hm s sau
1) y = -2cosx 2) y = sinx + x 3) y = sin2x + 2
4) y =
1
2
tan
2
x 5) y = sin
x
+ x
2
6) y = cos 3x
Bi 5* Lp bng bin thin ca hm s
1) y = -sinx, y = cosx 1 trn on [ ]
;
2) y = -2cos
2
3
x
_
+

,
trn on
2
;
3 3
1
1
]
IV. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s lng gic
Ch :
1 sinx 1 ; -1 cosx 1
; 0 sin
2
x 1 ; A
2
+ B B
Bi 6*: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca cc hm s
1) y = 2sin(x-
2
) + 3 2) y = 3
1
2
cos2x 3) y = -1 -
2
os (2x + )
3
c

4) y =
2
1 os(4x ) c + - 2 5) y = 2 sinx 3 + 6) y = 5cos
4
x

+
7) y =
2
sin 4sinx + 3 x 8) y =
2
4 3 os 3 1 c x +
Trng THPT Lk WWW.ToanCapBa.Net
1
GV:Lng Thanh Phng WWW.ToanCapBa.Net Bi tp Ton 11
Ch :
Bi 7*: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca cc hm s
1) y = sinx trn on
;
2 3

1

1
]
2) y = cosx trn on
;
2 2

1
1
]
3) y = sinx trn on
; 0
2
1
]
4) y = cos
x trn on
1 3
;
4 2
1
1
]
1/Phng trnh lng giac c ban .
sin u = sin v
+
+

2
2
k v u
k v u
( k Z )
cos u = cos v u = t v + k2. ( k Z )
tanu = tanv u = v + k ( k
Z )
cotu = cotv u = v + k ( k Z )
2/ Phng trnh ac biet :
sinx = 0 x = k , sinx = 1 x =
2
+ k2 ,sinx = -1 x = -
2

+ k2
cosx = 0 x =
2
+ k , cosx = 1 x = k2 , cosx = -1 x =
+ k2 .
3/ Phng trnh bac nhat oi vi sinx va cosx .
La phng trnh co dang : acosx + bsinx = c (1) trong o a
2
+
b
2
0
Cach 1: acosx + bsinx = c ) cos( .
2 2
+ x b a = c vi
2 2
cos
b a
a
+

asinx +bcosx = c ) sin( .
2 2
+ + x b a = c vi
2 2
cos
b a
a
+

.
Cach 2 :
Xet phng trnh vi x = + k , k Z
Vi x + k at t = tan
2
x
ta c phng trnh bac hai
theo t :
(c + b)t
2
2at + c a = 0
Chu y : pt(1) hoac pt( 2) co nghiem a
2
+ b
2
- c
2
0 .
Bai tap :Giai cac phng trnh sau:
1. 2 sin cos 3 x x , 2. 1 sin 3 cos x x
3. x x x 3 sin 4 1 9 cos 3 3 sin 3
3
+ , 4.
4
1
)
4
( cos sin
4 4
+ +

x x
5. ) 7 sin 5 (cos 3 5 sin 7 cos x x x x , 6. tan 3cot 4(sin 3 cos ) x x x x +
7.
3(1 cos 2 )
cos
2sin
x
x
x
8.
2
1
sin 2 sin
2
x x +
4/ Phng trnh ch cha mot ham so lng giac :
Bai tap: Giai cac phng trnh sau:
1. 2cos
2
x +5sinx 4 = 0 , 2. 2cos2x 8cosx +5
= 0
3. 2cosx.cos2x = 1+cos2x + cos3x 4. 2(sin
4
x + cos
4
x)
= 2sin2x 1
2
5. sin
4
2x + cos
4
2x = 1 2sin4x 6.
x
x
2
cos
3
4
cos
7.
2
3
3 2tan
cos
x
x
+ 8. 5tan x -2cotx - 3 = 0
9.
2
6sin 3 cos12 4 x x +
10.
4 2
4sin 12cos 7 x x +
5/ Phng trnh ang cap theo sinx va cosx :
a/ Phng trnh ang cap bac hai : asin
2
x +b sinx cosx + c
cos
2
x = 0 .
Cach 1 :
Xet cos x = 0: Nu tho ta ly nghim .
Xet cos 0 x chia hai ve cua phng trnh cho cos
2
x roi at t
= tanx.
Cach 2: Thay sin
2
x =
2
1
(1 cos 2x ), cos
2
x =
2
1
(1+ cos 2x) ,
sinxcosx =
2
1
sin2x ta c phng trnh bac nhat theo sin2x
va cos2x .
b/ Phng trnh ang cap bac cao : Dung phng phap at
an phu t = tanx sau khi a xet phng trnh trong trng hp
cos x = 0 hay x =
2
+ k ,kZ.
Bai tap :
1. 2sin
2
x 5sinx.cosx cos
2
x = - 2
2. 3sin
2
x + 8sinxcosx + ( 8 3 - 9)cos
2
x = 0
3. 4sin
2
x +3 3 sin2x 2cos
2
x = 4
4. 6sinx 2cos
3
x = 5sin2x.cosx.
5.
2 2
1
sin sin 2 2cos
2
x x x +
6/ Phng trnh dang : a( cosx t sinx ) + b sinxcosx + c = 0 .
at t = cosx + sinx , ieu kien 2 2 t khi o sinxcosx =
2
1
2
t
Ta a phong trnh a cho ve phng trnh bac hai theo t .
Chu y : neu phng trnh co dang :a( cosx - sinx ) + b sinxcosx
+ c = 0
at t = cosx - sinx , ieu kien 2 2 t khi o sinxcosx =
2
1
2
t
Bai tap : Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1. 3(sinx + cosx ) +2sin2x + 3 = 0
2. sin2x 12( sinx cosx ) = -12
3. 2(cosx + sinx) = 4sinxcosx +1
4. sin2x 12( sinx + cosx )+12 = 0
5. cosx sinx 2sin2x 1 = 0
7. Cac phng trnh lng giac khac.
Bai 1: Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ cos 2x + 3cosx +2 = 0 , 2/ 2+ cos 2x = - 5sinx , 3/ 6
4cos
2
x 9sinx = 0,
3
4/ 2cos 2x + cosx = 1 , 5/ 2tg
2
x + 3 =
x cos
3
, 6/ 4sin
4

+12cos
2
x = 7
Bai 2 : Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ 4(sin3x cos 2x ) = 5(sinx 1) . HD : at t =sinx
2/
x
x
2
cos
3
4
cos
S : x = k3 , x= t
4
+k3 , x
= t
4
5
+k3
3/ 1+ sin
2
x
sinx - cos
2
x
sin
2
x = 2cos
2
(

4

2
x
) S: sinx
=1 v sin
2
x
= 1
4/ 1+ 3tanx = 2sin 2x HD : at t = tanx ,
S : x = -
4
+ k
5/ 2cos 2x 8cosx + 7 =
x cos
1
S : x = k2 , x = t
3
+k2
6/ sin2x(cotx +tanx ) = 4cos
2
x S : cosx = 0 , cos
2x =
2
1

7/ 2cos
2
2x +cos 2x = 4sin
2
2xcos
2
x
8/ cos 3x cos 2x = 2
9/ 4sinx + 2cos x =2 + 3tanx HD
:at t = tan
2
x

10/ sin2x+ 2tanx = 3
11/ sin
2
x + sin
2
3x = 3cos
2
2x HD
:at t =cos 2x

12/ tan
3
( x -
4
) = tanx - 1 S : x =
k v x =
4
+ k
13/ sin 2x cos 2x = 3sinx + cosx 2 HD : a ve PT bac
hai theo sinx.
14/ sin2x + cos 2x + tanx = 2
S : x =
4
+ k
15/ cos3x 2cos 2x + cosx = 0
II. PHNG TRNH ANG CAP BAC n THEO SINX ,COSX.
Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ sin
2
x + 2sin 2x 3 +7cos
2
x = 0 .
2/ cos
3
x sin
3
x = cosx + sinx.
3/ sinxsin2x + sin3x = 6cos
3
x
4/ sin
3
x + cos
3
x = 2( sin
5
x + cos
5
x ) S : x=
4
+
2
k

5/ sin
3
(x -
4
) = 2 sinx S : x =
4
+k
4
6/ 3cos
4
x sin
2
2x + sin
4
x = 0 S :x = t
3
+
k v x=
4
+
2
k

7/ 3sin
4
x +5cos
4
x 3 = 0 .
8/ 6sinx 2cos
3
x = 5sin 2x cosx
III. PHNG TRNH OI XNG PT PHAN OI XNG .
Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ cos
3
x + sin
3
x = sin 2x + sinx + cosx 2/ 2cos
3
x + cos 2x
+sinx = 0
3/ 1 + sin
3
x + cos
3
x =
2
3
sin2x 4/ 6( cos x sinx )
+ sinxcosx + 6 = 0
5/ sin
3
x cos
3
x = 1 + sinxcosx 6/
3
10
cos sin
sin
1
cos
1
+ + + x x
x x

7/ tanx + tan
2
x + tan
3
x + cotx+cot
2
x +cot
3
x = 6
8/
x
2
sin
2
+ 2tan
2
x + 5tanx + 5cotx + 4 = 0
9/ 1 + cos
3
x sin
3
x = sin 2x 10/ cos
3
x
sin
3
x = - 1
11/ 2cos 2x + sin
2
x cosx + cos
2
x sinx = 2( sinx + cosx ).

IV.PHNG TRNH TCH VA PHNG TRNH LNG GIAC
KHAC .
Giai cac phng trnh sau:
1/ sin 2x +2cos2x = 1 + sinx 4cosx 2/ sin 2x cos 2x =
3sinx +cosx 2
3/ sin
2
x + sin
2
3x 3cos
2
2x = 0 4/ cos3x cos
3
x sin3xsin
3
x
= cos
3
4x +
4
1

5/ sin
4
2
x
+ cos
4
2
x
= 1 2sinx 6/ cos3x 2cos 2x + cosx
= 0
7/ sin
6
x + cos
6
x = sin
4
x + cos
4
x 8/ sin
4
x + cos
4
x cos
2
x = 1
2sin
2
x cos
2
x
9/ 3sin3x - 3 cos 9x = 1 + 4sin
3
x. 10/
x
x
x x
sin
cos 1
sin cos
+

11/ sin
2
)
4 2
(

x
tan
2
x cos
2
2
x
= 0 12/ cotx tanx +
4sinx =
x sin
1
13 / sinxcosx + cosx = - 2sin
2
x - sinx + 1
4 / sin 3x = cosxcos 2x ( tan
2
x + tan2x )
15/
3 2 cos )
2 sin 2 1
3 sin 3 cos
(sin 5 +
+
+
+ x
x
x x
x
16/ sin
2
3x cos
2
4x = sin
2
5x
cos
2
6x
17 / cos3x 4cos2x +3cosx 4 = 0. 18/
2
4
4
(2 sin 2 )sin3
tan 1
cos
x x
x
x
+
19/ tanx +cosx cos
2
x = sinx (1+tanx.tan
2
x
)
5
20/ cotx 1 =
2
cos 2 1
sin sin 2
1 tan 2
x
x x
x
+
+
21/ 3 tanx(tanx + 2sinx)+ 6cosx =
6
D. TO HP
Tm tt gio khoa
I. Quy tc m
1. Quy tc cng: Gi s cng vic c th tin hnh theo mt trong hai phng n A v
B. Phng n A c th thc hin bi n cch; phng n B c th thc hin bi m cch.
Khi , cng vic c thc hin theo n + m cch.
2. Quy tc nhn: Gi s cng vic bao gm hai cng on A v B. Cng on A c th
thc hin bi n cch; cng on B c th thc hin bi m cch. Khi , cng vic c
thc hin bi n.m cch.
II. Hon v Chnh hp T hp
1. Hon v:
a. nh ngha: Cho tp A c n phn t. Mi s sp xp ca n phn t theo mt th t
nh trc l mt php hon v cc phn t ca tp A.
b. nh l: S php hon v ca tp hp c n phn t , k hiu P
n
l: P
n
= n! = 1.2.3n
2. Chnh hp:
a. nh ngha: Cho tp hp A c n phn t. Xt s
k
m 1 k n . Khi ly ra k phn t
trong s n phn t ri em sp xp k phn t theo mt th t nh trc, ta c mt
php chnh hp chp k ca n phn t.
b. nh l: S php chnh hp chp k ca n phn t, k hiu
k
n
A
l:
( ) ( )
( )
k
n
n!
A n. n 1 ... n k 1
n k !
+
.
3. T hp:
a. nh ngha: Cho tp hp A c n phn t v s
k
m 1 k n . Mt tp hp con ca
A c k phn t c gi l mt t hp chp k ca n phn t.
b. nh l: S t hp chp k ca n phn t, k hiu
k
n
C
l:
( )
( ) ( )
k
n
n n 1 ... n k 1
n!
C
k! n k ! k!
+

c. Hai tnh cht c bn ca t hp:

( )
( )
*
k n k
n n
k k k 1
n 1 n n
Cho a, k :
C C 0 k n
C C C 1 k n
III. Khai trin nh thc Newton

( )
n
n
k n k k 0 n 1 n 1 k n k k n n
n n n n n
k 0
a b C a b C a C a b .. C a b .. C b

+ + + + + +
Nhn xt:
Trong khai trin nh thc Newton c n + 1 s hng.
Trong mt s hng th tng s m ca a v b bng n.
Cc h s ca khai triu nh thc cch u s hng u v cui th bng nhau.
S hng tng qut th k + 1 k hiu T
k+1
th:
k n k k
k 1 n
T C a b
0 1 2 n n
n n n n
C C C ... C 2 + + + +
( ) ( )
k n
0 1 2 3 k n
n n n n n n
C C C C ... 1 C ... 1 C 0 + + + + +
Ch :
( )
n
n
k n k k
n
k 0
a b C a b
+
l khai trin theo s m ca a gim dn.
( )
n
n
k k n k
n
k 0
a b C a b

+
l khai trin theo s m ca a tng dn.
Cc Dng bi ton c bn
7
Dng 1: Bi ton v quy tc m
Phng php gii: Cn phn bit cng vic phi lm c tin hnh theo phng n A
hoc B chn quy tc cng, hoc bao gm cng on A v B chn quy tc nhn.
Bi 1: Bn X vo siu th mua mt o s mi, thoe c 40 hoc 41. C 40 c 3 mu
khc nhau, c 41 c 4 mu khc nhau. Hi X c bao nhiu cch chn?
Bi 2: Cho tp
{ } A 0;1; 2;3; 4
. C bao nhiu s chn m mi s gm ba ch s khc nhau chn
trong s cc phn t ca A?
Bi 3: T tp
{ } A 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
hi c th lp c bao nhiu s c 7 ch s sao cho ch s 1
xut hin 3 ln, cn cc ch s khc xut hin mt ln?
Dng 2: Thc hin php hon v
Phng php gii:
S dng php xp t ca n phn t c th t: P
n
= n! = 1.2.3n
Thc hin quy tc cng hoc quy tc nhn
Bi 4: Bn X mi hai bn nam v ba bn n d tic sinh nht. Bn nh xp nam, n
ngi ring trn cc chic gh, xp theo mt hng di. Hi X c bao nhiu cch xp t?
Dng 3: Thc hin php chnh hp
Phng php gii: Php xp t c th t ca k phn t trong n phn t:
( ) ( )
( )
k
n
n!
A n. n 1 ... n k 1
n k !
+
Bi 5: Trong mt phng cho 7 im A, B, C, D, E, M, N khc nhau. C bao nhiu vect

ni hai im trong cc im ?
Bi 6: T tp
{ } A 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5
c th lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch s khc nhau?
Dng 4: Thc hin php t hp
Phng php gii: Php xp t khng c th t ca k phn t chn trong n phn t:
( )
( )
k
n
n!
C 0 k n
k! n k !

Bi 7: Cho 7 im phn bit khng tn ti ba im thng hng. T 7 im trn c th lp

c bao nhiu tam gic?
Dng 5: Tm
*
n trong phng trnh cha
k k
n n n
P , A , C
Phng php gii: Dng cc cng thc:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
k k
n n n
n! n!
P n! n 1 ; A n n 1 ... n k 1 1 k n ; C 0 k n
n k ! k! n k !
+

Bi 8: Tm
*
n , nu c:
( )
3 n
n
n 1
2P
A 1
P

.
Bi 9: Tm
*
n , nu c:
( )
3 3
n n 1
6n 6 C C . 2
+
+
Dng 6: Tm phn t c bit trong khai trin ca (a + b)
n
.
Phng php gii: S dng cng thc khai trin ca nh thc Newton:
( )
n
n
k n k k 0 n 1 n 1 2 n 2 2 k n k k n n
n n n n n n
k 0
a b C a b C a C a b C a b .. C a b .. C b

+ + + + + + +
(khai trin theo ly tha ca a
tng, b gim)
(Ch :
( )
n
n
k k n k
n
k 0
a b C a b

+
khai trin theo ly tha ca a gim dn, b tng dn)
Bi 10: Tm s hng cha x
3
trong khai trin (11 + x)
11
.
Bi 11: Trong khai trin
10
3
3
2 x
x
_

,
, (x > 0), hy tm s hng khng cha x.
8
Bi 12: Tm h s ca x
8
trong khai trin ( )
8
2
1 x 1 x 1 +
]
Bi 13: Cho khai trin: ( )
10
2 10
0 1 2 10
1 2x a a x a x .. a x + + + + +
, c cc h s 0 1 2 10
a , a , a , .., a
. Tm h
s ln nht
Bi 14: Tm s hng trong cc khai trin sau
1) S hng th 13 trong khai trin
25
(3 x) -
2) S hng th 18 trong khai trin
2 25
(2 x ) -
3) S hng khng cha x trong khai trin
12
1
x
x

4) 32) S hng khng cha x trong khai trin
12
28
3
15
x x x
-

5) 33) S hng cha a, b v c s m bng nhau trong khai trin
21
3
3
a b
b a

Bi 15: Tm h s ca s hng trong cc khai trin sau
1) H s ca s hng cha
4
x
trong khai trin
12
x 3
3 x

2) H s ca s hng cha
8
x
trong khai trin
12
5
3
1
x
x

3) H s ca s hng cha
8
x
trong khai trin
8
2
1 x (1 x)

+ -

4) H s ca s hng cha
5
x
trong khai trin
( )
10
2 3
1 x x x + + +

5) H s ca s hng cha
3
x
trong khai trin
2 10
(x x 2) - +
6) H s ca s hng cha
4
x
trong khai trin
2 10
(1 x 3x ) + +
7) H s ca s hng cha
3
x
trong khai trin:
8)
3 4 5 50
S(x) (1 x) (1 x) (1 x) ... (1 x) = + + + + + + + +
9) H s ca s hng cha
3
x
trong khai trin:
10)
3 4 5 22
S(x) (1 2x) (1 2x) (1 2x) ... (1 2x) = + + + + + + + +
11)Tm h s ca s hng cha x
10
trong khai trin
10 10
(1 x) (x 1) + + .
Dng 7: Tm tng c cha
k
n
C
Phng php gii: T bi, ta lin kt vi mt nh thc khai trin v cho x gi tr
thch hp, t suy ra kt qu.
Bi 16: Tnh tng: ( ) ( )
k n
0 1 2 n 0 1 2 k n
1 n n n n 2 n n n n n
S C C C ... C ; S C C C ... 1 C ... 1 C + + + + + + + +
Bi 17: Tnh tng:
0 2 4 2n 1 3 2n 1
3 2n 2n 2n 2n 4 2n 2n 2n
S C C C ... C ; S C C ... C

+ + + + + + +
Bi 18: Tnh tng: ( )
n
0 1 2 2 3 3 n
n n n n n
T C 2C 2 C 2 C ... 2 C + + +
E. CAP SO CONG
Kien thc can nh:
9
1. nh ngha: Cap so cong la mot day so ( hu han
hay vo han), trong o, ke t so hang th hai, moi so hang
eu la tong cua so hang ng ngay trc no vi mot so
khong oi goi la cong sai.
Goi d la cong sai, theo nh ngha ta co: u
n+1
= u
n
+ d (n =
1, 2, ...).
ac biet: Khi d = 0 th cap so cong la mot day so trong
o tat ca cac so hang eu bang nhau.
e ch rang day so (u
n
) la mot cap so cong,ta k hieu
u
1
, u
2
, ..., u
n
, ....
2. So hang tong quat
nh l: So hang tong quat u
n
cua mot cap so cong co
so hang au u
1
va cong sai d c cho bi cong thc:
u
n
= u
1
+ (n - 1)d
3. Tnh chat cac so hang cua cap so cong
nh l: trong mot cap so cong, moi so hang ke t so
hang th hai ( va tr so hang cuoi cung oi vi cap so
cong hu han), eu la trung bnh cong cua hai so hang ke
ben no, tc la
2
1 1 +
+
k k
k
u u
u (k 2).
4. Tong n so hang au cua mot cap so cong
nh l: e tnh S
n
taco hai cong thc sau:
S
n
tnh theo u
1
va d
[ ] d n u
n
S
n
) 1 ( 2
2
1
+
S
n
tnh theo u
1
va u
n

) (
2
1 n n
u u
n
S +
BAI TAP AP DUNG
Bai 1: Xac nh so hang can tm trong moi cap so cong
di ay:

,... 8 , 5 , 2 / a
tm u
15
.

,... 3 2 , 4 , 3 2 / + b
tmu
20
.
S:
3 18 40 /
44 /
20
15

u b
u a
Bai 2: Xac nh cap so cong co cong sai la 3, so hang
cuoi la 12 va co tong bang 30.
Bai 3: Cho cap so cong:
'
+
+
26
10
6 4
3 5 2
u u
u u u

Tm so hang au va cong sai cua no.
Bai 4: Tm cap so cong co 5 so hang biet tong la 25
va tong cac bnh phng cua chung la 165.
Bai 5: Tm 3 so tao thanh mot cap so cong biet so
hang au la 5 va tch so cua chung la 1140.
Bai 6: Tm chieu dai cac canh cua mot tam giac vuong
biet chung tao thanh mot cap so cong vi cong sai la
25.
Bai 7: Cho cap so cong u
1
, u
2
, u
3
, ...
Biet u
1
+ u
4
+ u
7
+ u
10
+ u
13
+ u
16
= 147.
10
Tnh u
1
+ u
6
+ u
11
+ u
16
.
Bai 8: Mot cap so cong (a
n
) co a
3
+ a
13
= 80.
Tm tong S
15
cua 15 so hang au tien cua cap so cong
o.
Bai 9: Mot cap so cong co 11 so hang. Tong cua
chung la 176. Hieu cua so hang cuoi va so hang au la
30. Tm cap so o.
Bai 10: cho cap so cong (a
n
) co a
1
= 4, d = -3. Tnh a
10
.
Bai 11: Tnh u
1
, d trong cac cap so cong sau ay:

'
'
+
35
19
/ 2
129
14
/ 1
9
5
13
5 3
u
u
S
u u

'
'
7 2
31
/ 4
2
45
9
/ 3
9 4
10 3
6
4
u u
u u
S
S
S: 1/ u
1
=
13
53
va d =
39
38
; 2/ u
1
= 3
va d = 4.
3/ u
1
= 0 va d =
2
3
; 4/ u
1
=
va d = .
Bai 12: Cho cap so cong (u
n
) co u
3
= -15, u
14
= 18.
Tnh tong cua 20 so hang au tien.
n
) co u
1
= 17, d = 3. Tnh u
20

va S
20.

S: u
20
= 74, S
20
= 910
n
) co a
10
= 10, d = -4.
Tnh u
1
va S
10
. S: u
1
= 46, S
10
= 280
n
) co u
6
= 17 va u
11
= -1.
Tnh d va S
11
. S: d =
5
18
va S
11
=
187
n
) co u
3
= -15, u
4
= 18.
Tm tong cua 20 so hang au tien. S: S
20
= 1350
CAP SO NHAN
Kien thc can nh:
1. nh ngha: Cap so nhan la mot day so ( hu han
hay vo han), tronh o ke t so hang th hai moi so
hang eu la tch cua so hang ng ngay trc no vi
mot so khong oi goi la cong boi.
Goi q la cong boi, theo nh ngha ta co
u
n+1
=u
n
.q (n = 1, 2, ...).
ac biet:
11
Khi q = 0 th cap so nhan la mot day so dang u
1
, 0,
0, ..., 0, ...
Khi q = 1 th cap so nhan la mot day so dang u
1
, u
1
, ...,
u
1
, ...
Neu u
1
= 0 th vi moi q, cap so nhan la day so 0,
0, ..., ...
e ch day so (u
n
) la mot cap so nhan ta thng
dung k hieu

..
..
u
1
, u
2
, ..., u
n
, ....
2. So hang tong quat
nh l: So hang tong quat cua mot cap so nhan c
cho bi cong thc:
u
n
= u
1
1 n
q
(q
0
)
3. Tnh chat cac so hang cua cap so nhan
nh l: Trong mot cap so nhan, moi so hang ke t so
hang th hai (tr so hang cuoi oi vi cap so nhan hu
han) eu co gia tr tuyet oi la trung bnh nhan cua hai so
hang ke ben no, tc la:
1 1
.
+
k k k
u u u

) 2 ( k
4. Tong n so hang au cua mot cap so nhan.
Cho mot cap so nhan vi cong boi q 1
u
1
, u
2
, ...,u
n
, ...
nh l: Ta co:
1
1
1
q
q
u S
n
n
(q 1)
BAI TAP AP DUNG
Bai 1: Tm cac so hang cua cap so nhan biet:
1/ Cap so nhan co 6 so hang ma u
1
= 243 va u
6
= 1
2/ Cho q =
4
1
, n = 6, S
6
= 2730. Tm u
1
, u
6
.
Bai 2: Cho cap so nhan co: u
3
= 18 va u
6
= -486.
Tm so hang au tien va cong boi q cua cap so nhan
o
Bai 3: Tm u
1
va q cua cap so nhan biet:
'

144
72
3 5
2 4
u u
u u
Bai 4: Tm u
1
va q cua cap so nhan (u
n
) co: u
3
=12,
u
5
=48.
Bai 5: Tm u va q cua cap so nhan (u
n
) biet:
'
+ +
+ +
351
13
6 5 4
3 2 1
u u u
u u u
Bai 6: Tm cap so nhan (u
n
) biet cap so o co 4 so
hang co tong bang 360 va so hang cuoi gap 9 lan so
hang th hai.
12
Bai 7: Tong 3 so hang lien tiep cua mot cap so cong
la 21. Neu so th hai tr i 1 va so th ba cong them 1
th ba so o lap thanh mot cap so nhan. Tm ba so o.
13
PHN II. HNH HC
CHNG 1: PHP BIN HNH
Cau 1: Trong mat phang oxy,phep tnh tien theo vect ( ; ) v a b

bien iem M(x;y) thanh M(x;y) . Tm toa o iem M'
Cau 2:Trong mat phang oxy cho iem M (1;2) .Phep tnh tien
theo vect (2;3) v
r
bien iem M thanh iem N. Tm toa o iem
N.
Cau 3: Trong mat phang oxy cho iem A(4;5). Tm iem B(x,y)
sao cho A la anh cua iem B qua phep tnh tien theo (2;1) v
r
:
Cau4 : Trong cac hnh sau ay, hnh nao co ba truc oi xng:
A) tam giac eu B) hnh ch nhat C) Hnh vuong
D)Hnh thoi
Cau5: Trong mat phang oxy Cho iem M(2;3). Phep oi
xng qua truc ox bien iem M thanh M. Tm toa o iem M'
Cau 6: Trong mat phang oxy cho ng thang d co phng
trnh : x+y -5=0 .Tm anh cua ng thang d qua phep tnh
tien vect (1;1) v
r
?
Cau 6: Trong mat phang oxy cho ng thang d co phng
trnh : 3x+5y-4=0.Tm anh cua ng thang d qua phep oi
xng truc ox.
Cau 8 :Trong mat phang oxy Cho iem M(2;3).Phep oi
xng qua goc toa o bien iem M thanh iem N. Tm toa o
iem N?
Cau 8 :Trong mat phang oxy cho ng thang d co phng
trnh : x+y -5=0 3x+4y-6=0, phep oi xng qua goc toa o
bien d thanh d. Tm phng trnh d'
Cau 7: Trong mat phang oxy cho ng tron (C) co phng
trnh (x-5)
2
+(y-4)
2
=36 . Phep tnh tien theo vect (1; 2) v
r
bien
(C) thanh (C). Tm phng trnh (C')
Cau 7: Trong mat phang oxy cho ng tron (C) co phng
trnh (x-5)
2
+(y-4)
2
=25 . Phep oi xng qua goc toa o bien
(C) thanh (C). Tm phng trnh (C')
Cau 12 :Trong cac phep bien hnh sau phep nao khong phai
la phep di hnh ?
A) phep ong dang vi t so k=1 ; B) phep v t t so k= 1 t
; C) phep tnh tien ; D)phep chieu vuong goc
Cau 13 : Trong mat phang oxy cho ng tron (C) co phng
trnh (x-1)
2
+(y-3)
2
=16 . Phep di hnh co c bang cach
thc hien lien tiep phep oi xng qua goc toa o bien (C)
thanh (C') va phep tnh tien (1; 4) v
r
bien (C') thanh (C'). Tm
phng trnh cua (C'').
Cau 14 :Cho hnh vuong ABCD .Goi O la giao iem cua hai
ng cheo .Thc hien phep quay tam O bien hnh vuong
ABCD thanh chnh no. Tm so o cua goc quay o?
Cau 15 : Phep v t tam O t so k (k
0) la mot phep bien

hnh bien iem M thanh iem M sao cho :
A)
OM
uuuur
= k
' OM
uuuuur
B)
' OM
uuuuur
= k
OM
uuuur
C) OM =k OM D)
' OM
uuuuur
=
1
k
OM
uuuur
14
Cau 16 : trong mp oxy cho iem M( -2;4 ). Phep v t tam O t
so k = -2 bien iem M thanh iem N. Tm toa o iem N
Cau 17 : trong mpoxy cho ng thang d co PT: 2x + y 4 = 0.
Phep v t tam O t so k = 3 bien d thanh ng thang d'.
Tm phng trnh d'?
Cau 18 : trong mpoxy cho ng tron (C) co phng trnh : ( x -1 )
2
+ y
2
= 16. phep v t tam O t so k = 2 bien (C) thanh
ng tron (C'). Tm phng trnh (C')
Cau 19 : Thc hien lien tiep hai phep oi xng truc co hai
truc oi xng song song la phep nao sau ay:
A) phep oi xng truc B) phep tnh tien C) phep quay D)
phep oi xng tam
Cau 20 : Trong mp oxy cho iem M(1;2) . phep ong dang co
c bang cach thc hien lien tiep phep
2
o
V va phep oi
xng qua truc oy bien M thanh iem N. Tm N? Cau 21 :Trong
mat phang oxy cho ng thang d co phng trnh : x+ y+2=0 .
phep ong dang co c bang cach thc hien lien tiep
phep v t tam O t so
1
2
va phep oi xng qua truc ox
bien d thanh d. Tm phng trnh d'?
Cau 22 : Trong cac phep bien hnh sau ay phep bien hnh
nao khong co tnh chat bien mot ng thang thanh mot
ng thang song song hoac trung vi no:
A) phep oi xng tam B) phep tnh tien C) phep v t D)
phep oi xng truc
Cau 23: Cho ng tron (C ) co phng trnh (x-1)
2
+ (y-2)
2

=4 .Phep ong dang co c bang cach thc hien lien tiep
phep v t tam O t so k=3 va phep tnh tien theo vect
(1; 2) V
ur
bien (C) thanh (C'). Tm (C') ?
Cau 24 : Cho ng tron (C ) co phng trnh (x-1)
2
+ (y-2)
2
=4 .
Phep ong dang co c bang cach thc hien lien tiep
phep v t tam O t so k=3 va phep oi xng qua goc toa
o bien (C) thanh (C'). Tm (C')?
Cau 25 : Chon khang nh sai trong cac khang nh sau :
A)phep tnh tien bien ng tron thanh ng tron co
cung ban knh
B) phep oi xng truc bien ng tron thanh ng
tron co cung ban knh
C) phep oi xng tam bien ng tron thanh ng
tron co cung ban knh
D) phep v t bien ng tron thanh ng tron co
cung ban knh
CHNG 2. QUAN HE SONG SONG
Vn 1 : TM GIAO TUYN CA HAI MT PHNG V :
Mun tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng v ta i tm hai im chung I ; J ca v
= I J
Khi tm im chung ta ch :
Cch gi tn hai mt phng pht hin im chung
15
I J

M d v d M
'

b ; a
M b a (P) trong
M l im chung
1. 1: 1)Cho t din ABCD c E l trung im ca AB. Hy xc nh giao tuyn ca mt
phng (ECD) vi cc mt phng (ABC) ; (ABD) ; (BCD) ; (ACD)
2)Cho t din SABC v mt im I trn on SA; d l ng thng trong (ABC)
ct AB; BC ti J ; K. Tm giao tuyn ca mt phng (I,d) vi cc mt phng sau :
(SAB) ; (SAC) ; (SBC)
1. 2: 1)Cho t gic li ABCD v im S khng nm trong mt phng cha t gic. Tm
giao tuyn ca :
a) (SAC) v (SBD) b) (SAB) v (SCD) c) (SAD) v (SBC)
2)Cho hnh chp S.ABCDE. Hy xc nh giao tuyn ca mt phng (SAC) vi
cc mt phng (SAD) ; (SCE)
1. 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l mt t gic li ; M l im trn cnh CD.
Tm giao tuyn ca cc mt phng :
a)(SAM) v (SBD) b)(SBM) ; (SAC)
1. 4: Cho t din ABCD; M l im nm trong ABC; N l im nm trong ACD.
Tm giao tuyn ca : a) (AMN) v (BCD) b) (CMN) v (ABD)
1. 5: Cho t din ABCD .M nm trn AB sao cho AM =
4
1
MB ; N nm trn AC sao cho
AN = 3NC; im I nm trong BCD. Tm giao tuyn ca :
a) (MNI) v (BCD) b) (MNI) v (ABD) c) (MNI) v (ACD)
1. 6: Cho t din ABCD ; gi I ; J ln lt l trung im ca AD; BC .
a) Tm giao tuyn ca : (IBC) v (JAD)
b)M l im trn AB; N l im trn AC. Tm giao tuyn ca (IBC) v (DMN)
1. 7: Cho hai ng thng a ; b (P) v im S khng thuc (P). Hy xc nh giao
tuyn ca mt phng cha a v S vi mt phng cha b v S ?
1. 8: Cho t din ABCD ; trn AB ; AC ln lt ly hai im M v N sao cho :
NC
AN
MB
AM
. Tm giao tuyn ca (DMN) v (BCD)

1. 9; Cho bn im ABCD khng ng phng ; gi I ; K l trung im AD ; BC . Xc
nh giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (IBC) v (KAD) ?
1. 10 : Trong mt phng cho hnh thang ABCD c y l AB ; CD ; S l im nm
ngoi mt phng hnh thang. Tm giao tuyn ca :
a) (SAD) v (SBC) b) (SAC) v (SBD)
1.11. Hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang hai y l AD ; BC .Gi M ; N l
trung im AB ; CD v G l trng tm SAD. Tm giao tuyn ca :
16
a) (GMN) v (SAC) b) (GMN) v (SBC)
Vn 2: CHNG MINH BA IM THNG HNG
V BA NG THNG NG QUY
Chng minh A; B; C thng hng :
Ch ra A ; B ; C
Ch ra A ; B ; C
Kt lun : A; B; C A; B; C thng hng
Chng minh a ; b ; MN ng quy :
t a b = P
Chng minh M ; N ; P thng hng
Kt lun :MN ; a ; b ng quy ti P
2. 1: Cho hai mt phng v ct nhau theo giao tuyn d .Trn ly hai im A ; B
nhng khng thuc d. O l im ngoi hai mt phng . Cc ng thng OA ; OB ln
lt ct ti A ; B. AB ct d ti C
a)Chng minh O; A; B khng thng hng ?
b)Chng minh A ; B ; C thng hng ? T suy ra AB ; AB; d ng quy
2. 2: Trong khng gian cho ba tia Ox ; Oy ; Oz khng ng phng. Trn Ox ly A ; A ;
trn Oy ly B ; B trn Oz ly C ; C sao cho AB ct AB ti D ; BC ct BC ti E ; AC
ct AC ti F. Chng minh D; E ; F thng hng ?
2. 3: Cho A; B; C khng thng hng ngoi mt phng . Gi M ; N ; P ln lt l giao
im AB ; BC ; AC vi . Chng minh M; N; P thng hng ?
2. 4: 1) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh ; O l giao im hai
ng cho ; M ; N ln lt l trung im SA ; SD. Chng minh ba ng thng SO ;
BN ; CM ng quy
2)Cho t din ABCD.Mt phng khng song song AB ct AC ; BC ; AD ; BD
ln lt ti M ; N ; R ; S . Chng minh AB ; MN ; RS ng quy ?
2. 5: Chng minh trong mt t din cc ng thng ni nh vi trng tm mt i din
ng quy ?
2.6. Hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang hai y l AD ; BC .Gi M ; N l
trung im AB ; CD v G l trng tm SAD. Tm giao tuyn ca :
a) (GMN) v (SAB) b) (GMN) v (SCD)
c) Gi giao im ca AB v CD l I ; J l giao im ca hai giao tuyn ca cu a v cu
b. Chng minh S ; I ; J thng hng ?
Vn 3: CHNG MINH HAI NG THNG CHO NHAU,
V CC IM NG PHNG
17
A C

B
M
N
a
b
P
Chng minh 2 ng thng a ; b cho nhau :
Gi s : a khng cho b
T suy ra hai ng thng a v b nm trong
cng mt phng ( ng phng )
T suy ra iu mu thun vi ga thit hoc
mu thun vi mt iu ng no

Chng minh A, B, C, D nm trong cng mt mt phng ng phng
Chng minh hai ng
thng to thnh t bn
im ct nhau hoc
song song vi nhau
3. 1: Cho bn im A, B, C, D khng ng phng
a)Chng minh ba trong s 4 im ny khng thng hng
b)Chng minh AB cho vi CD ?
3. 2: Cho hai ng thng cho nhau a v b.Trn a ly hai im A, B ; trn b ly hai
im C, D
a)Chng minh AC cho BD ?
b)Ly M nm trn on AC; N nm trn on BD. ng thng MN c song song AB
hoc CD khng ?
c)O l trung im MN. Chng minh A, O, C, N ng phng
3. 3: Cho ng thng a ct hai ng thng b v c. Hi ba ng thng a, b, c c ng
phng khng ? Ti sao ?
3. 4: Cho t din ABCD. Gi I ; J l trung im AD; BC.
a) Chng minh AB cho CD ? b) Chng minh IB cho JA ?
Vn 4: TM GIAO IM CA NG THNG D V MT PHNG
Gi s phi tm giao im d = ?
Phng php 1:
Tm a
Ch ra c a ,d nm trong cng mt phng v
chng ct nhau ti M d = M ( hnh v )
Phng php 2:
Tm cha d thch hp
Gii bi ton tm giao tuyn a ca v
Trong : a d = M d = M ( hnh v b)
4. 1: Cho t din SABC; M ; N ln lt l cc im nm trong SAB ; SBC. MN ct
(ABC) ti P. Xc nh giao im P
18
b
a
B
C
D
B
C
D
d
a
M
d
a
4. 2: Cho t din ABCD ; M l trung im AB; N v P ln lt l cc im nm trn
AC; AD sao cho AN : AC = 3 : 4 ; AP : AD = 2 : 3. Tm giao im :
a) MN vi (BCD) b) BD vi (MNP)
c) Gi Q l trung im NP.Tm giao im ca MQ vi (BCD)
4. 3: A; B ; C ; D l bn im khng ng phng. M; N ln lt l trung im ca AC;
BC. Trn on BD ly P sao cho BP = 2PD. Tm giao im ca :
a) CD vi (MNP) b) AD vi (MNP)
4. 4: Cho hnh chp SABC ; O l im trong ABC ; D v E l cc im nm trn SB ;
SC.Tm giao im ca a) DE vi (SAO) b) SO vi (ADE)
4. 5: Cho t din SABC. I ; H ln lt l trung im SA; AB. Trn on SC ly im K
sao cho CK = 3KS.
a)Tm giao im ca ng thng BC vi (IHK) ?
b)Gi M l trung im HI. Tm giao im ca ng thng KM vi (ABC) ?
4. 6: Cho hnh chp SABCD y l hnh thang ABCD y ln AB. I; J; K l ba im
trn SA; SB; SC .Tm giao im IK v (SBD); giao im (JK) v SD; SC
4. 7: Gi I ; J ln lt l hai im nm trong ABC; ABD ca t din ABCD. M l im
tu trn CD. Tm giao im IJ v mt phng (AMB)
4. 8: Hnh chp SABCD y l hnh bnh hnh ABCD. M l trung im SD
a)Tm giao im I ca BM v (SAC) ? Chng minh : BI = 2IM ?
b)Tm giao im J ca ca SA v (BCM) ? Chng minh J l trung im SA ?
c) N l im tu trn BC. Tm giao im ca MN vi (SAC) ?
Vn 5: THIT DIN TO BI MT PHNG VI KHI A DIN
Ln lt xt giao tuyn ca vi cc
mt ca khi a din ng thi xt giao im ca
cc cnh ca a din vi mt phng
Khi cc on giao tuyn tm c khp
kn thnh a gic ta c thit din phi tm.
Vic chng minh tit din c hnh
dng c bit nh hnh bnh hnh; hnh thang ;
. . . trong mt phng cng nh vo qu trnh
i tm giao tuyn v giao im trn
Trong phn ny ta ch xt hai cch lm c bn :
I. Xc nh thit din bng cch ko di cc giao tuyn
II.Xc nh thit din bng cch v giao tuyn ph
5. 1: 1) Cho hnh lp phng ABCDABCD. Gi M ; N ; P ln lt l trung im AA
; AD ; DC . Tm thit din to bi mt phng i qua M; N; P vi hnh lp phng ?
19
A
B
D
C
E
F
2) Cho hnh hp ABCDABCD. Gi M ; N ; P ln lt l trung im DC ;
AD ; BB. Tm thit din to bi mt phng (MNP) vi hnh hp v giao tuyn ca
(MNP) vi mt phng (ABCD)
5. 2: 1)Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh . Gi E; F; K ln lt l
trung im ca SA ; AB ; BC. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp v mt phng i qua ba
im E; F ; K
2) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. Gi A ; B ; C ln lt l cc im nm trn SA ;
SB; SC. Xc nh thit din to bi mt phng (ABC) vi hnh chp
*5. 3: Cho t din ABCD ; im I nm trn BD v ngoi BD sao cho ID = 3IB; M ; N
l hai im thuc cnh AD ; DC sao cho MA =
2
1
MD ; ND =
2
1
NC
a)Tm giao tuyn PQ ca (IMN) vi (ABC) ?
b)Xc dnh thit din to bi (IMN) vi t din ?
c)Chng minh MN ; PQ ; AC ng qui ?
*5. 4: 1)Cho t din ABCD ; im I ; J ln lt l trng tm ABC ; DBC ; M l trung
im AD. Tm tit din to bi (MJI) v t din ?
2) Cho hnh chp S.ABCDE. Ly ba im M ; N ; K trn SA ; BC ; SD. Xc nh
thit din to bi mt phng (MNK) vi hnh chp
5. 5: Hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vi AB l y . Gi M ; N l trung
im SB ; SC .
a)Tm giao tuyn ca (SAD) v (SBC) ?
b)Tm giao im ca SD vi mt phng (AMN) ?
c)Tm tit din to bi mt phng (AMN) vi hnh chp
*5. 6: Hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh . M l trung im SC
a)Tm giao im I ca AM vi (SBD) ? Chng minh IA = 2IM
b)Tm giao im F ca SD vi (AMB) ? Chng minh F l trung im SD ?
c)Xc nh hnh dng tit din to bi (AMB) vi hnh chp
d)Gi N l mt im trn cnh AB .Tm giao im ca MN vi (SBD) ?
*5.7. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M ; N ; P ln lt l
trung im SB ; SD ; OC
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (MNP) vi (SAC) ?
b) Dng thit din ca (MNP) vi hnh chp ?
c) Tnh t s m (MNP) chia cnh SA ; BC ; CD ? S: c) 3 : 1 ; 1 : 1 ; 1 : 1
5.8. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh bnh hnh; gi M l trung im SB ; G l
trng tm SAD
a) Tm giao im I ca GM vi (ABCD) ?
b) Chng minh (CGM) cha ng thng CD ?
c) Chng minh (CGM) i qua trung im SA ?
d) Dng tit din ca (CGM) vi hnh chp ?
*5.9. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh tm O ; I ; J l trng tm
SAB ; SAD
a) Tm giao im ca JI vi (SAC) ?
20
b) Dng thit din to bi (JIO) vi hnh chp
5.10. Cho hnh chp SABCD. Gi I ; M ; N l ba im trn SA ; AB ; CD
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (SAN) v (SDM) ?
b) Hy xc nh thit din to bi (IMN) vi hnh chp
BI TP TNG HP
1: Cho t din ABCD ; I l im nm ngoi on BD. Mt phng qua I ct AB; BC;
CD; DA ti M; N; P; Q.
a) Chng minh I ; M ; Q thng hng v ba im I ; N ; P cng thng hng ?
b) Chng minh MN; AC; PQ ng qui ?
2: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh . M l trung im
SD; E l im trn cnh BC
a) Tm giao im N ca SC vi (AME) ?
b) Tm giao tuyn ca (AME) vi (SAC) ?
c) Tm giao im ca K ca SA vi (MBC) ? Chng minh K l trung im SA
3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh .F l trung im CD; E l
im trn cnh SC sao cho SE = 2EC .Tm tit din to bi (AEF) vi hnh
4: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh .I l trung im SD; E l
im trn cnh SB sao cho SE = 3EB .
a) Tm giao im F ca CD vi mt phng (AIE) ?
b) Tm giao tuyn d ca (AIE) vi (SBC) ?
c) Chng minh BC ; AF ; d ng qui ?
5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l t gic li .F l trung im SC; E l im
trn cnh BC sao cho BE = 2EC .
a)Tm tit din to bi (AEF) vi hnh chp ?
b) Tm giao im ca SB vi (AEF) ?
6: Hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh tm O ; M l trung im SB; G l
trng tm SAD
a) Tm giao im I ca GM vi (ABCD) v chng minh I nm trn ng thng CD v
IC = 2ID ?
b) Tm giao im J ca (OMG) vi AD ? Tnh t s
JD
JA
c)Tm giao im K ca (OMG) vi SA ? Tnh
KS
KA
HD: b) 2 c) 2
7: Cho t din ABCD; trn AD ly N sao cho
AN = 2ND ; M l trung im AC ; trn BC ly Q sao cho BQ =
4
1
BC
a) Tm giao im I ca MN vi (BCD) ? Tnh IC:ID
b) Tm giao im J ca BD vi (MNP) ? Tnh JB:JD
8 Cho t din ABCD. Gi I ; J l hai im c nh nm trn AB ; AC v J khng song
song vi BC. Mt phng quay quanh IJ ct cnh CD ; BD ti M ; N
21
a) Chng minh MN lun i qua mt im c nh ?
b) Tm tp hp giao im ca IN v JM ?
c)Tm tp hp giao im ca IM v JN ?
9. Cho hnh chp SABC. Gi A ; B ; C l cc im di ng trn SA ; SB ; SC tho :
SA =
1 n
1
+
SA ; SB =
1 n 2
1
+
SB ; SC =
1 n 3
1
+
SC
a) Chng minh AB i qua mt im c nh I v AC i qua im c nh J khi n thay
i ?
b) Chng minh (ABC) cha mt ng thng c nh
HD: a) dng nh l menelaus b) ng IJ
Vn 6 HAI T SONG SONG
Phng php :
C th dng mt trong cc cch sau :
- Chng minh hai ng thng ng phng , ri p dng phng php chng minh
song song rong hnh hc phng (nh tnh cht ng trung bnh, nh l o ca nh l
Ta-lt ...)
- Chng minh hai ng thng cng song song song vi ng thng th 3.
- p dng nh l v giao tuyn .
6.1 Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABEF khng cng nm trong mt phng . Trn hai
ng thng cho nhau AC v BF ln lt ly hai im M ; N sao cho
AM : AC = BN : BF = 1: 3 . Chng minh MN // DE
6.2 Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABEF khng cng nm trong mt phng . Trn hai
ng thng cho nhau AC v BF ln lt ly hai im M ; N sao cho
AM : AC = BN : BF = 5 . Dng MM' AB vi M' trn AD; NN' AB vi N' trn AF.
Chng minh : a) MM' v NN' // CD b) MN// DF
Vn 7: NG THNG SONG SONG VI MT PHNG
1. Chng minh ng thng d song song vi mt phng P
Phng php :
Ta chng minh d khng nm trong (P) v song song vi ng thng a cha trong (P) .
Ghi ch : Nu a khng c sn trong hnh th ta chn mt mt phng (Q) cha d v ly a
l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q) .
7.1 Cho t din ABCD . Trn cnh AD ly trung im M ; trn BC ly im N bt
k.Gi ( a ) l mt phng cha ng thng MN v song song vi CD .
a)Tm tit din ca t din ABCD vi ( a ) ?
b)Xc nh v tr ca N trn BC sao cho tit din l hnh bnh hnh ?
7.2 Cho hnh chp SABCD vi y ABCD l hnh thang c y ln l AD. Gi M l
im bt k trn cnh AB.( a ) l mt phng qua M v song song AD v SD.
a)Mt phng ( a ) ct SABCD theo tit din l hnh g ? b)Chng minh SA //
7.3 Cho hnh chp SABCD. c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh. Mt phng ( a ) di
ng lun lun song song BC v ng thi i qua trung im C ca SC .
22
a)Mt phng ( a ) ct cac cnh SA ; SB ; SD ln lt ti A ; B ; D tit din
ABCD l hnh g ?
b)Chng minh rng ( a ) khi chuyn ng lun lun cha mt ng thng c nh
c)Gi M l giao im ca AC v BD .Chng minh khi ( a ) di ng th M di ng
trn ng thng c nh
7.4 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y l bnh hnh.Gi M l im di ng trn cnh SC; mt
phng () cha AM v BD
a)Chng minh () lun lun i qua mt ng thng c nh khi M chuyn ng trn
cnh SC
b) () ct SB v SD ti E ; F .Trnh by cch dng E v F ?
c)Gi I l giao im ca ME v CB; J l giao im ca MF v CD . Chng minh ba
im I ; J ; A thng hng
Vn 8: MAT PHANG SONG SONG
1. Chng minh hai mt phng song song
Phng php :
* Chng minh mt phng ny cha hai ng thng ct nhau ln lt song song vi hai
ng thng ct nhau nm trong mt phng kia .
8.1 Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay la hnh bnh hanh. Goi H,I,K
lan lt la trung iem cua SA,SB,SC.
a) Chng minh (HIK)// (ABCD).
b) Goi M la giao iem cua AI va KD, N la giao iem cua
DH va CI .Chng minh (SMN) //(HIK).
8.2 Cho hnh hop ABCD.ABCD.
a) Chng minh (BAD) // (BDC).
b) Chng minh AC qua trong tam G va G cua tam giac
ABD va CBD
8.3 Cho hnh chop S.ABCD, ay la hnh bnh hanh tam O. Goi
M,N lan lt la trung iem cua SA ,CD.
a) Cm: (OMN) //(SBC).
b) Gia s tam giac SAD, ABC eu can tai A. Goi AE,A F la
cac ng phan giac trong cua tam giac ACD va SAB . Cm: E F
//(SAD).
8.4 Cho hai hnh vuong ABCD, ABE F khong cung nam trong mot
mat phang . Tren cac ng cheo AC,BF lan lt lay cac
iem M,N sao cho AM=BN . Cac dng thang // AB ve t M,N
lan lt cat AD, A F tai M,N.
a)Cm: (CBE) //(AD F).
b) Cm: (DE F)//(MNNM).
23

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II. Xt tnh chn, l ca cc hm s lng gic

c. Hai tnh cht c bn ca t hp:

III. Khai trin nh thc Newton

Bi 5: Trong mt phng cho 7 im A, B, C, D, E, M, N khc nhau. C bao nhiu vect

Bi 7: Cho 7 im phn bit khng tn ti ba im thng hng. T 7 im trn c th lp

0) la mot phep bien

. Tm giao tuyn ca (DMN) v (BCD)

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