I/ Di truyn lin kt: 1) Hin tng di truyn lin kt l g?

Di truyn lin kt l hin tng mt nhm tnh trng c di truyn cng nhau, c quy nh bi cc gen trn mt NST cng phn li trong qu trnh phn bo . 2) Hin tng di truyn lin kt b xung cho quy lut phn li c lp ca Menden nh th no? - Nu s di truyn c lp lm xut hin nhiu bin d t hp th lin kt gen li hn ch s xut hin cc bin d t hp. V vy, di truyn lin kt m bo cho s di truyn bn vng ca tng nhm tnh trng c quy nh bi cc gen trn mt NST. 3) Hy gii thch TN ca Morgan v s di truyn lin kt da trn c s T bo hc.

P:

GP : F1 : Lai phn tch: PB: GP:

C s t bo hc ca di truyn lin kt : (S lai) Xm, di X en, ct Qui c gen : B : Thn xm b : Thn en V : Cnh di BV bv v : Cnh ct (Xm, di) F1 X en, ct

BV, bv

bv

FB: (Xm, di)

(en, ct)

4) S phn b cc gen trn NST s nh th no? - Mi NST mang nhiu gen. Cc gen phn b dc theo chiu di ca NST v to thnh nhm gen lin kt S nhm gen lin kt mi loi thng ng vi s NST trong b n bi. VD: ngi c 23 nhm gen lin kt tng ng vi n = 23 5) So snh kt qu lai phn tch F1 trong 2 trng hp di truyn c lp v di truyn lin kt ca 2 cp tnh trng . Nu ngha ca di truyn lin kt trong chn ging. * im khc nhau gia kt qu lai phn tch 2 cp gen xc nh 2 cp tnh trng trong trng hp di truyn c lp v di truyn lin kt. Di truyn c lp Di truyn lin kt + 2 cp gen tn ti trn 2 cp NST. + 2 cp gen tn ti trn cng mt NST. + Cc cp gen phn li c lp v t hp t do + Cc cp gen lin kt khi gim phn F1 F1 to ra 4 loi giao t vi t l bng nhau. to ra 2 loi giao t. + Kt qu lai phn tch to 4 kiu gen v 4 +Kt qu lai phn tch to ra 2 kiu gen v 2 kiu hnh c t l 1 : 1 : 1 : 1. kiu hnh c t l 1 : 1. So snh kt qu lai phn tch F1 trong trng hp phn li c lp v di truyn lin kt ca 2 cp tnh trng. Di truyn c lp Di truyn lin kt + P : Ht vng, trn X Ht xanh, nhn + P : Thn xm, cnh di X T, C. ct + AaBb aabb ab + BV/ bv bv/bv bv : : 1bv/bv

+ G : (1AB,1Ab, 1aB, 1ab)

+G : 1BV , 1bv + FB : 1BV/bv 1 Xm, di

+ FB : 1AaBb : 1Aabb : 1aaBb : 1aabb

+ 1 Vng, trn : 1 Vng, nhn : 1 Xanh, trn : 1 + Xanh, nhn + T l v kiu hnh: 1 : 1 : 1 : 1

1 en, ct

+ T l v kiu hnh : 1 : 1

+ Xut hin bin d t hp: Vng, nhn v Xanh, + Khng xut hin bin d t hp trn * ngha ca di truyn lin kt gen: - Trong t bo mi NST mang nhiu gen to thnh nhm gen lin kt. - B sung cho quy lut phn li c lp ca Menen Hn ch xut hin bin d t hp, m bo di truyn bn vng ca tng nhm tnh trng c quy nh bi cc gen trn mt NST.

- Nh trong chn ging, ngi ta c th chn c nhng nhm tnh trng tt i km vi nhau. 1/ Cu 5: c im cu to ha hc ca phn t ADN: - ADN c cu to t cc nguyn t C, H, O, N v P. - ADN thuc loi i phn t, c kch thc ln. - ADN cu to theo nguyn tc a phn m n phn l nucltit thuc 4 loi: A, T, G, X. - Tnh c th ca ADN do s lng, thnh phn v c bit l trnh t sp xp ca cc loi nucltit. - Nhng cch sp xp khc nhau ca 4 loi nucltit to nn tnh a dng ca ADN. + ADN t nhn i theo nguyn cc nguyn tc: - Nguyn tc b sung: Cc nucltit ca mch khun lin kt vi cc nucltit t do ca mi trng ni bo theo nguyn tc: A lin kt vi T hay ngc li, G lin kt vi X hay ngc li. - Nguyn tc gi li mt na. 2/ Cu 6: c im cu to ha hc ca phn t ARN: - ARN c cu to t cc nguyn t C, H, O, N v P. - ARN thuc loi i phn t - ARN c cu to theo nguyn tc a phn, n phn l 4 loi nucltit: A, U, G, X. + ARN t nhn i theo nguyn tc: - Nguyn tc b sung - Nguyn tc khun mu im khc nhau trong cu trc gia ADN v ARN: c im ADN ARN n phn A, T, G, X A, U, G, X Kch thc, khi lng Ln Nh S mch n 2 1 3/ Cu 7: Thng bin l nhng bin i kiu hnh pht sinh trong i c th di nh hng trc tip ca mi trng. im khc bit gia thng bin v t bin: Thng bin t bin - Bin i kiu hnh - Bin i c s vt cht di truyn - Khng di truyn - Di truyn c - Xut hin ng lot theo hng xc nh - Xut hin ngu nhin - Thng bin c li cho sinh vt - Thng c hi cho sinh vt